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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Desert Land Co"
1
Wu, G. X., Y. Liu, X. Zhu, W. Li, R. Ren, A. Duan e X. Liang. "Multi-scale forcing and the formation of subtropical desert and monsoon". Annales Geophysicae 27, n. 9 (29 settembre 2009): 3631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-3631-2009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. This study investigates three types of atmospheric forcing across the summertime subtropics that are shown to contribute in various ways to the occurrence of dry and wet climates in the subtropics. To explain the formation of desert over the western parts of continents and monsoon over the eastern parts, we propose a new mechanism of positive feedback between diabatic heating and vorticity generation that occurs via meridional advection of planetary vorticity and temperature. Monsoon and desert are demonstrated to coexist as twin features of multi-scale forcing, as follows. First, continent-scale heating over land and cooling over ocean induce the ascent of air over the eastern parts of continents and western parts of oceans, and descent over eastern parts of oceans and western parts of continents. Second, local-scale sea-breeze forcing along coastal regions enhances air descent over eastern parts of oceans and ascent over eastern parts of continents. This leads to the formation of the well-defined summertime subtropical LOSECOD quadruplet-heating pattern across each continent and adjacent oceans, with long-wave radiative cooling (LO) over eastern parts of oceans, sensible heating (SE) over western parts of continents, condensation heating (CO) over eastern parts of continents, and double dominant heating (D: LO+CO) over western parts of oceans. Such a quadruplet heating pattern corresponds to a dry climate over the western parts of continents and a wet climate over eastern parts. Third, regional-scale orographic-uplift-heating generates poleward ascending flow to the east of orography and equatorward descending flow to the west. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is located over the eastern Eurasian continent. The TP-forced circulation pattern is in phase with that produced by continental-scale forcing, and the strongest monsoon and largest deserts are formed over the Afro-Eurasian Continent. In contrast, the Rockies and the Andes are located over the western parts of their respective continents, and orography-induced ascent is separated from ascent due to continental-scale forcing. Accordingly, the deserts and monsoon climate over these continents are not as strongly developed as those over the Eurasian Continent. A new mechanism of positive feedback between diabatic heating and vorticity generation, which occurs via meridional transfer of heat and planetary vorticity, is proposed as a means of explaining the formation of subtropical desert and monsoon. Strong low-level longwave radiative cooling over eastern parts of oceans and strong surface sensible heating on western parts of continents generate negative vorticity that is balanced by positive planetary vorticity advection from high latitudes. The equatorward flow generated over eastern parts of oceans produces cold sea-surface temperature and stable stratification, leading in turn to the formation of low stratus clouds and the maintenance of strong in situ longwave radiative cooling. The equatorward flow over western parts of continents carries cold, dry air, thereby enhancing local sensible heating as well as moisture release from the underlying soil. These factors result in a dry desert climate. Over the eastern parts of continents, condensation heating generates positive vorticity in the lower troposphere, which is balanced by negative planetary vorticity advection of the meridional flow from low latitudes. The flow brings warm and moist air, thereby enhancing local convective instability and condensation heating associated with rainfall. These factors produce a wet monsoonal climate. Overall, our results demonstrate that subtropical desert and monsoon coexist as a consequence of multi-scale forcing along the subtropics.
2
Ruiz*, A., D. S. Rodriguez, G. A. Picchioni, J. G. Mexal e T. W. Sammis. "Land Application of Saline Industrial Wastewater on a Chihuahuan Desert Upland". HortScience 39, n. 4 (luglio 2004): 751B—751. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.751b.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Low-cost, sustainable wastewater treatment systems are needed for rapidly-growing communities of the southwestern United States. The objective of this study is to develop a practical management plan for land application of industrial wastewater on native Chihuahuan Desert vegetation. To assess environmental impact and create the management plan, wastewater effluent characteristics, soil physicochemical changes, and mineral uptake of the vegetation were monitored. The effluent was saline, ranging from 2500 to 6000 mg·L-1 of TDS and dominated by Na and Cl. Total N ranged from 10 to 40 mg·L-1. Soils sampled in Dec. 2002 (after 11 months and 64 cm of effluent irrigation) increased in salinity in the top 60 cm from 1.85 to 3.5 dS·m-1, and SAR in the top 30 cm was close to 15, but diminished with depth. Branch samples of the co-dominant perennial shrub vegetation members (Larrea tridentata and Prosopis glandulosa) harvested in July 2002 had elevated Na and Cl concentrations (0.4% to 2.1% of dry weight, respectively). By Oct. 2002, L. tridentata leaves contained comparable Na and Cl concentrations as those of P. glandulosa, yet removed 2 to three times more Na, Cl, and total N per branch, while maintaining their dry mass per branch. This raises the possibility of interspecific variation among the shrub species in salinity stress tolerance and capacity to remove wastewater contaminants. These data will aid in determining total vegetation removal of effluent components, preventing adverse environmental impact to the site, and developing a practical management plan suitable for small communities seeking cost-effective wastewater handling protocols.
3
Ma, J., R. Liu, L. S. Tang, Z. D. Lan e Y. Li. "A downward CO<sub>2</sub> flux seems to have nowhere to go". Biogeosciences 11, n. 22 (17 novembre 2014): 6251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6251-2014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Recent studies have suggested that deserts, which are a long-neglected region in global carbon budgeting, have strong downward CO2 fluxes and might be a significant carbon sink. This finding, however, has been strongly challenged because neither the reliability of the flux measurements nor the exact location of the fixed carbon has been determined. This paper shows, with a full chain of evidence, that there is indeed strong carbon flux into saline/alkaline land in arid regions. Based on continuous measurement of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) from 2002 to 2012 (except for 2003), the saline desert in western China was a carbon sink for 9 out of 10 years, and the average yearly NEE for the 10 years was −25.00 ± 12.70 g C m−2 year−1. Supporting evidence for the validity of these NEE estimates comes from the close agreement of NEE values obtained from the chamber and eddy-covariance methods. After ruling out the possibility of changes in C stored in plant biomass or soils, the C uptake was found to be leached downwards into the groundwater body in the process of groundwater fluctuation: rising groundwater absorbs soil dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and falling groundwater transports the DIC downward. Horizontal groundwater flow may send this DIC farther away and prevent it from being observed locally. This process has been called "passive leaching" of DIC, in comparison with the active DIC leaching that occurs during groundwater recharge. This passive leaching significantly expands the area where DIC leaching occurs and creates a literally "hidden" carbon sink process under the desert. This study tells us that when a downward CO2 flux is observed, but seems to have nowhere to go, it does not necessarily mean that the flux measurement is unreliable. By looking deeper and farther away, a place and a process may be found "hidden" underground.
4
Ma, J., R. Liu, L. S. Tang, Z. D. Lan e Y. Li. "A downward CO<sub>2</sub> flux seems to have nowhere to go". Biogeosciences Discussions 11, n. 7 (4 luglio 2014): 10419–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-10419-2014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Recent studies have suggested that deserts, which are a long-neglected region in global carbon budgeting, have strong downward CO2 fluxes and might be a significant carbon sink. This finding, however, has been strongly challenged because neither the reliability of the flux measurements nor the exact location of the fixed carbon has been determined. This paper shows, with a full chain of evidence, that there is indeed strong carbon flux into saline/alkaline land in arid regions. Based on continuous measurement of CO2 exchange from 2002 to 2012 (except for 2003), the saline desert in western China was a carbon sink for 9 out of the 10 years, and average yearly net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) for the 10 years was −25.00 ± 12.70 g C m−2yr−1. Supporting evidence for the validity of these NEE estimates comes from the close agreement of NEE values obtained from the chamber and eddy-covariance methods. After ruling out the possibility of changes in C stored in plant biomass or soils, the C uptake was found to be leached downwards into the groundwater body in the process of groundwater fluctuation: rising groundwater absorbs soil dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and falling groundwater transports the DIC downward. Horizontal groundwater flow may send this DIC farther away and prevent it from being observed locally. This process has been called "passive leaching" of DIC, in comparison with the active DIC leaching that occurs during groundwater recharge. This passive leaching significantly expands the area where DIC leaching occurs and creates a literally "hidden" carbon sink process under the desert. This study tells us that when a downward CO2 flux is observed, but seems to have nowhere to go, it should not be concluded that the flux measurement is unreliable. By looking deeper and farther away, a place and a process may be found that are "hidden" underground.
5
Wang, Zhao, Junjie Wei, Wenbin Peng, Rui Zhang e Haobo Zhang. "Contents and spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in the hinterland of the Tengger Desert, China". Journal of Arid Land 14, n. 10 (ottobre 2022): 1086–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40333-022-0027-7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe desert in northern China is one of important sources of loess and one significant source of material for sandstorms in Asia. The sand/dust that is transported from desert when sandstorms occur can destroy the growth of crops, cause serious losses and great harm to the economic construction and life safety, and cause natural environment pollution. Hence, it is very important to deepen the research into heavy metals in surface deposits at vulnerable ecological region of arid land of northern China to guide local industrial and agricultural development and improve environmental protection. In this research, 10 heavy metal elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Th) were tested and analyzed in 33 soil sample sites collected from the hinterland of the Tengger Desert, northern China. The results showed that the average abundance of Th exceeded its background soil value of China by more than 5.2 times, which suggests that the Tengger Desert is polluted by Th. In addition, based on principal component analysis, spatial differentiation, and correlation analysis, we identified the source of element with a coefficient of variation in abundance of greater than 0.5 or exceeding the background soil value of China. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that the sources of heavy metals of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cd were similar, while those of Th and Zn were different. Moreover, based on the contents and spatial distribution characteristics of those heavy metal elements, we found that the formation of heavy metal elements enrichment areas is caused by industrial pollution, development of irrigated agricultural, geological, and geomorphic conditions, and the sedimentary environment in the study area. Our result can provide information on the environmental background values of soils in the hinterland of the Tengger Desert.
6
Mohammed, S. O., A. Farshad e J. Farifteh. "Evaluating land degradation for assessment of land vulnerability to desert conditions in the Sokoto area, Nigeria". Land Degradation & Development 7, n. 3 (settembre 1996): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-145x(199609)7:3<205::aid-ldr225>3.0.co;2-l.
Testo completo
7
Carboni, E., G. E. Thomas, A. M. Sayer, R. Siddans, C. A. Poulsen, R. G. Grainger, C. Ahn et al. "Desert dust satellite retrieval intercomparison". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, n. 1 (17 gennaio 2012): 691–746. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-691-2012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. This work provides a comparison of satellite retrievals of Saharan desert dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) during a strong dust event through March 2006. In this event, a large dust plume was transported over desert, vegetated, and ocean surfaces. The aim is to identify and understand the differences between current algorithms, and hence improve future retrieval algorithms. The satellite instruments considered are AATSR, AIRS, MERIS, MISR, MODIS, OMI, POLDER, and SEVIRI. An interesting aspect is that the different algorithms make use of different instrument characteristics to obtain retrievals over bright surfaces. These include multi-angle approaches (MISR, AATSR), polarisation measurements (POLDER), single-view approaches using solar wavelengths (OMI, MODIS), and the thermal infrared spectral region (SEVIRI, AIRS). Differences between instruments, together with the comparison of different retrieval algorithms applied to measurements from the same instrument, provide a unique insight into the performance and characteristics of the various techniques employed. As well as the intercomparison between different satellite products, the AODs have also been compared to co-located AERONET data. Despite the fact that the agreement between satellite and AERONET AODs is reasonably good for all of the datasets, there are significant differences between them when compared to each other, especially over land. These differences are partially due to differences in the algorithms, such as assumptions about aerosol model and surface properties. However, in this comparison of spatially and temporally averaged data, at least as significant as these differences are sampling issues related to the actual footprint of each instrument on the heterogeneous aerosol field, cloud identification and the quality control flags of each dataset.
8
Wang, Jiemin, Wim G. M. Bastiaanssen, Yaoming Ma e Henk Pelgrum. "Aggregation of land surface parameters in the oasis–desert systems of north-west China". Hydrological Processes 12, n. 13-14 (30 ottobre 1998): 2133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(19981030)12:13/14<2133::aid-hyp725>3.0.co;2-6.
Testo completo
9
Carboni, E., G. E. Thomas, A. M. Sayer, R. Siddans, C. A. Poulsen, R. G. Grainger, C. Ahn et al. "Intercomparison of desert dust optical depth from satellite measurements". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, n. 8 (17 agosto 2012): 1973–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-1973-2012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. This work provides a comparison of satellite retrievals of Saharan desert dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) during a strong dust event through March 2006. In this event, a large dust plume was transported over desert, vegetated, and ocean surfaces. The aim is to identify the differences between current datasets. The satellite instruments considered are AATSR, AIRS, MERIS, MISR, MODIS, OMI, POLDER, and SEVIRI. An interesting aspect is that the different algorithms make use of different instrument characteristics to obtain retrievals over bright surfaces. These include multi-angle approaches (MISR, AATSR), polarisation measurements (POLDER), single-view approaches using solar wavelengths (OMI, MODIS), and the thermal infrared spectral region (SEVIRI, AIRS). Differences between instruments, together with the comparison of different retrieval algorithms applied to measurements from the same instrument, provide a unique insight into the performance and characteristics of the various techniques employed. As well as the intercomparison between different satellite products, the AODs have also been compared to co-located AERONET data. Despite the fact that the agreement between satellite and AERONET AODs is reasonably good for all of the datasets, there are significant differences between them when compared to each other, especially over land. These differences are partially due to differences in the algorithms, such as assumptions about aerosol model and surface properties. However, in this comparison of spatially and temporally averaged data, it is important to note that differences in sampling, related to the actual footprint of each instrument on the heterogeneous aerosol field, cloud identification and the quality control flags of each dataset can be an important issue.
10
Chen, Qi-Xiang, Chun-Lin Huang, Yuan Yuan, Qian-Jun Mao e He-Ping Tan. "Spatiotemporal Distribution of Major Aerosol Types over China Based on MODIS Products between 2008 and 2017". Atmosphere 11, n. 7 (1 luglio 2020): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070703.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Knowledge of aerosol-type distribution is critical to the evaluation of aerosol–climate effects. However, research on aerosol-type distribution covering all is limited. This study characterized the spatiotemporal distribution of major aerosol types over China by using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products from 2008 to 2017. Two aerosol-type classification methods were combined to achieve this goal. One was for relatively high aerosol load (AOD ≥ 0.2) using aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol relative optical depth (AROD) and the other was for low aerosol load (AOD < 0.2) using land use and population density information, which assumed that aerosols are closely related to local emissions. Results showed that the dominant aerosol-type distribution has a distinct spatial and temporal pattern. In western China, background aerosols (mainly dust/desert dust and continent aerosol) dominate with a combined occurrence ratio over 70% and they have slight variations on seasonal scale. While in eastern China, the dominant aerosols show strong seasonal variations. Spatially, mixed aerosols dominate most parts of eastern China in spring due to the influence of long-range transported dust from Taklamakan and Gobi desert and urban/industry aerosols take place in summer due to strong photochemical reactions. Temporally, mixed and urban/industry aerosols co-dominate eastern China.
Tesi sul tema "Desert Land Co"
1
Walsh, Fiona Jane. "To hunt and to hold : Martu Aboriginal people's uses and knowledge of their country, with implications for co-management in Karlamilyi (Rudall River) National Park and the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0127.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
[Truncated abstract] This ethnoecological study examines land uses by modern Martu Aboriginal people on their country. They occupy very remote settlementsParnngurr, Punmu and Kunawarritjiin the Great and Little Sandy Deserts. In 1990, their country included Crown Lands and Rudall River National Park. The study investigated the proposition that the knowledge and practices of Martu were of direct relevance to ecosystem processes and national park management. This research commenced in the wider Australian research context of the late 1980s early 90s when prevailing questions were about the role of customary harvest within contemporary Aboriginal society (Altman 1987; Devitt 1988) and the sustainability of species-specific harvests by Australian indigenous people (Bomford & Caughley 1996). Separately, there was a national line of enquiry into Aboriginal roles in natural resource and protected area management (Williams & Hunn 1986; Birckhead et al. 1992). The field work underpinning this study was done in 19861988 and quantitative data collected in 1990 whilst the researcher lived on Martu settlements. Ethnographic information was gathered from informal discussions, semi-structured interviews and participant observation on trips undertaken by Martu. A variety of parameters was recorded for each trip in 1990. On trips accompanied by the researcher, details on the plant and animal species collected were quantified. Martu knowledge and observations of Martu behaviour are interpreted in terms of the variety of land uses conducted and transport strategies including vehicle use; the significance of different species collected; socio-economic features of bush food collection; spatio-temporal patterns of foraging; and, the 'management' of species and lands by Martu. The research found that in 1990, hunting and gathering were major activities within the suite of land uses practiced by Martu. At least 40% of trips from the settlements were principally to hunt. More than 43 animal species and 37 plant food species were reported to be collected during the study; additionally, species were gathered for firewood, medicines and timber artefacts. Customary harvesting persisted because of the need for sustenance, particularly when there were low store supplies, as well as other reasons. The weight of bush meats hunted at least equalled and, occasionally, was three times greater than the weights of store meats available to Parnngurr residents. ... Paradoxically, hunting was a subject of significant difference despite it being the principal activity driving Martu expertise and practice. There is potential for comanagement in the National Park but it remains contingent on many factors between both Martu and DEC as well as external to them. The dissertation suggests practical strategies to enhance co-management.
Libri sul tema "Desert Land Co"
1
Robin, Libby, Chris Dickman e Mandy Martin, a cura di. Desert Channels. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643097506.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Desert Channels is a book that combines art, science and history to explore the ‘impulse to conserve’ in the distinctive Desert Channels country of south-western Queensland. The region is the source of Australia’s major inland-flowing desert rivers. Some of Australia’s most interesting new conservation initiatives are in this region, including partnerships between private landholders, non-government conservation organisations that buy and manage land (including Bush Heritage Australia and the Australian Wildlife Conservancy) and community-based natural resource management groups such as Desert Channels Queensland.
Conservation biology in this place has a distinguished scientific history, and includes two decades of ecological work by scientific editor Chris Dickman. Chris is one of Australia’s leading terrestrial ecologists and mammalogists. He is an outstanding writer and is passionate about communicating the scientific basis for concern about biodiversity in this region to the broadest possible audience.
Libby Robin, historian and award-winning writer, has co-ordinated the writings of the 46 contributors whose voices collectively portray the Desert Channels in all its facets. The emphasis of the book is on partnerships that conserve landscapes and communities together. Short textboxes add local and technical commentary where relevant. Art and science combine with history and local knowledge to richly inform the writing and visual understanding of the country.
Conservation here is portrayed in four dimensions: place, landscape, biodiversity and livelihood. These four parts each carry four chapters. The ‘4x4’ structure was conceived by acclaimed artist, Mandy Martin, who has produced suites of artworks over three seasons in this format with commentaries, which make the interludes between parts. Martin’s work offers an aesthetic framework of place, which shapes how we see the region.
Desert Channels explores the impulse to protect the varied biodiversity of the region, and its Aboriginal, pastoral and prehistoric heritage, including some of Australia’s most important dinosaur sites. The work of Alice Duncan-Kemp, the region’s most significant literary figure, is highlighted. Even the sounds of the landscape are not forgotten: the book's webpage has an audio interview by Alaskan radio journalist Richard Nelson talking to ecologist Steve Morton at Ocean Bore in the Simpson Desert country. The twitter of zebra finches accompanies the interview.
Conservation can be accomplished in various ways and Desert Channels combines many distinguished voices. The impulse to conserve is shared by local landholders, conservation enthusiasts (from the community and from national and international organisations), Indigenous owners, professional biologists, artists and historians.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Desert Land Co"
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Crul, Maurice. "Epilogue: Where Did Weak and Strong Ties Go Wrong?" In IMISCOE Research Series, 227–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94972-3_11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn this volume, both qualitative and quantitative scholars describe their findings on the networks of migrants and their descendants and explore the content of their social ties for educational and labor market success in seven European countries. Some contributions cover decades of work in this field, making this one of most comprehensive books on this topic, both theoretically and empirically. Almost without exception, the authors, although describing various ethnic groups, different geographical and professional contexts and different time periods, are critical of a number of the main arguments about the networks of migrants developed in the field of migration studies. Central in their critique is the question about the importance of co-ethnic or inter-ethnic ties and networks, and their importance to enter the labor market and move up. In the field of migration studies, concepts like integration and assimilation have greatly influenced the thinking of its scholars. The idea that newcomers only become fully integrated in a society when they gain a similar economic position and are in contact with people without migration background, or, in other words, become part of the mainstream, has been a strong and dominant view in our field (Alba & Nee, 2003; Alba, 2009; Portes & Rumbaut, 2001; Portes & Zhou, 1993). People who largely interact with co-ethnics and or work in labor market sectors that are dominated by co-ethnics (ethnic niches) are usually seen as not (yet) fully integrated into their new society. And when this also translates to the native-born children (so-called ‘second generation decline’), this is seen as problematic (Ganz, 1992). In this broader framework on integration and assimilation, Granovetter’s (1973) idea of strong and weak ties has entered the field of migration studies. Lang and Schneider, in this volume, rightly state that it is questionable whether the idea of strong ties – for co-ethnics – and weak ties – for ties with people without migration background – was originally intended by Granovetter to be used in this way. But what is clear, however, is that this idea fitted perfectly with broader theories on integration and assimilation. The importance for newly arrived migrants of strong co-ethnic ties in ethnic networks is generally considered one of the starting pieces of the puzzle laying out the process of assimilation in its first phase. The idea of weak ties, also in its symbolic emphasis on ‘weak’, perfectly suited the still scarce and superficial contacts with people of native descent in the early stages of the assimilation process. Since the concept of weak and strong ties fitted so well with the dominant theories about integration and assimilation (classical, neo and new assimilation), much of what was happening with migrants, and even their descendants, in the labor market was seen through, what many would call, an ethnic lens (Crul, 2016; Dahinden, 2016; Wimmer, 2013). Migrants gained a first foothold in the labor market through strong co-ethnic ties and were slowly moving up through their weak ties, making use of information and resources of people of native descent with whom they had only superficial contact. The idea of strong ties also resonated with the notion that their relations with co-ethnics were more meaningful and profound. There was also a dark side to strong ties. Under some conditions, because of the limited information and resources in the co-ethnic network, for some the strong ties could lead to an ethnic mobility trap.
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Chatty, Dawn. "Contestation and Co-Optation in The Desert Landscapes of Oman". In Life Worlds of Middle Eastern Oil, 328–53. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399506144.003.0014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nomadic pastoralist (mobile herders) communities in the Middle East have faced government land expropriation and sedentarisation efforts for most of the 20th century. In Oman, a more ‘enlightened’ state policy regarding settlement was articulated in the late 1970s by Sultan Qaboos bin Said. However, in spite of this radical policy, it has become clear five decades on, that the pastoral communities in Oman have continued to be generally neglected and poorly understood by government bureaucrats as well as by some oil company employees in comparison with the rest of Oman’s citizens. Furthermore, it is the general lack of a meaningful relationship with some of the oil companies whose concession areas extend over most of their traditional tribal lands that has exacerbated and highlighted the fundamental disadvantage of these mobile herding ‘stakeholder’ groups.
3
Bestelmeyer, Brandon. "A Dryland Ecologist’s Mid-Career Retrospective on Long-Term Ecological Research and the Science–Management Interface". In Long-Term Ecological Research. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199380213.003.0032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
My association with the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has encouraged a multidisciplinary scientific approach emphasizing broad spatial scales and site-based knowledge. It also provides a solid basis from which to link science and management. In my position as a federal research scientist, I do not teach university classes. When I teach in other venues and advise graduate students, my LTER experiences facilitate my ability to draw connections among disciplines that bear on particular ecological problems. Multidisciplinary breadth alongside site-specific depth afforded by the LTER program is especially useful for communicating to the public. It is important to know a lot about one area (place-based knowledge), in addition to something broader. Collaboration is especially important for scientists working together at an LTER site and is also important for cross- site LTER efforts addressing regional to global problems. Within- group collaboration comes rather easily when there are healthy interpersonal relationships. Cross- site collaboration requires greater effort and network-level leadership. I have been a co–principal investigator of the Jornada Basin site (JRN) of the LTER program since 2006 and a research ecologist with the US Agricultural Research Service, Jornada Experimental Range (JER), since 2003. In both capacities, my research addresses land change in drylands (arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid deserts, grasslands, shrublands, woodlands). Specifically, I work on ecosystem state changes or regime shifts, including subjects such as land degradation and desertification; these may include how land managers perceive and react to state change via mental models, information, and restoration approaches (e.g., Bestelmeyer et al. 2009). My work has been centered at the JRN in the Chihuahuan Desert grasslands of southern New Mexico and also in grasslands and woodlands of Mongolia and Argentina. My activities include those generally associated with academia (research, publishing, grants, and supervising graduate students and postdoctoral fellows) in addition to work that is applied, such as outreach through workshops, trainings, field reviews, and writing to support management or government policy. The trade-off is not teaching university courses, although leading agency workshops and trainings partially fills this niche in my scientific career.
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Hamilton, W. D. "Best and Worst Hotels". In Narrow Roads of Gene Land, 117–60. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198503361.003.0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract I mentioned in the last introduction one of my passing through Denver. There are many ways to tum there besides towards the deserts, indeed all the West opens, hut it is also a good place simply co alight. A few miles out from the airport, in a countryside where prairie dogs still dig their towns and shady cottonwood trees duster along the creeks that fan into the rain, one C8n feel to be on the foreshore of a new continent. The awesome wall of the Rocky Mountains faces you a few miles distant and all the Great Plains are behind you like a sea.
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"Personal Papers of Babatha of Maoza". In Women’s Religions in the Greco-Roman World, a cura di Ross Shepard Kraemer, 143–51. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170658.003.0063.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract work: In the late 1950s, Israeli archaeologists excavating a cave associated with Simeon bar Kokhba, leader of the second Jewish revolt against Rome (ca. 132–35 c.e.), found a set of papyrus documents rolled up in a leather bag. These turned out to contain the personal papers of a Jewish woman named Babatha, who was probably born around the year 100 c.e., and who may have died in the revolt. Although the find was described quickly in preliminary publications, the first volume of the papyri was not published until 1989, and a second volume is still awaited. Named for the lead archaeologist, Yigael Yadin, these papyri include marriage contracts, loan documents, guardianship papers, land registrations, and more. Written in Greek, Aramaic, and the regional language of Nabatean, transacted in diverse legal jurisdictions, and involving Jews, Roman citizens (who may or may not have been Jews), and Nabateans, these papyri throw into sharp relief the diverse cultural and legal environments in which Babatha and those around her lived their lives. They offer us the most detailed portrait yet of an actual Jewish woman from Greco-Roman antiquity (although it should be noted that a few scholars have raised questions about Babatha’s ethnicity/”religion”). Frustratingly, though, these papyri speak indirectly at best to questions of religious practice. translation and text: Naphtali Lewis, Yigael Yadin and Jonas C. Greenfield, eds., The Documents from the Bar Kokhba Period in the Cave of Letters, Judean Desert Studies 2 (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society; Hebrew University: Shrine of the Book, 1989); Yigael Yadin, [posthumously], Jonas C. Greenfield, and Ada Yardeni, “Babatha’s Ketubbah,” IEJ 44, nos. 1–2 (1994): 75–101 (for 62A). bibliography: Hannah M. Cotton and J. C. Greenfield, “Babatha’s Property and the Law of Succession in the Babatha Archive,” ZPE 104 (1994): 211–24; Hannah Disputes between Babatha and Her Co-widow, Miriam P. Yadin 26July 9, 131 c.e.
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Fiddes, Paul S. "Life after Death, 1945–1963". In Charles Williams and C. S. Lewis, 66–82. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845467.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter explores Lewis’ journey in imagination with Williams after Williams’ death in 1945. In his commentary on Williams’ Arthurian poems, while stressing the idea of co-inherence, Lewis offers a minimal account of Williams’ theology of romantic love; but later he moves deeper into Williams’ romanticism, admitting that human love offers an actual participation in God as well as an analogy of God’s love. This engagement with Williams’ thought reaches a climax in A Grief Observed, showing he has discovered what Williams knew: the emotional tension between believing that excessive pain may be ‘reasonable’ and feeling that it is not ‘tolerable’. In a broadcast Lewis hints that the ‘strange place’ that Williams wrote about could become a route to Lewis’ own land of heart’s desire. But we are left with a question about how much Lewis has come to share Williams’ understanding of romantic theology, despite his adoption of the vision of co-inherence.
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Scott, John, e Zoe Staines. "Invasion". In Island Criminology, 60–79. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529220315.003.0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter explores islands as locations that have been shaped, but also created, through processes of human invasion. It considers the role of (neo-)colonial forces in moulding the spaces and places of islands, broadening previous theorizing of island spaces to incorporate islands situated on terra firma and bounded by desert. In respect of the latter, the chapter focuses primarily on the example of remote Indigenous communities scattered across Australia’s sparsely populated ‘outback’ as islands in the desert. These islands have been created and shaped under violent settler colonialism as carceral reserves, thereby producing distinct crime histories and patterns. This enables an exploration of how island spaces can be created and mobilized as part of a broader array of governing techniques for dealing with deviance, which are interlinked with racialized Othering, including bordering of spaces, places, and bodies. ‘Islanding’ is in this case co-opted as a socio-political technique to maintain and perpetuate the white settler state’s legitimacy and claims over stolen Indigenous lands: a sort of ‘islanding as erasure’. The chapter draws comparisons to settler colonies elsewhere and demonstrates the importance of weaving together socio-political and spatial histories to enable a fuller understanding of how islands can inform criminological theorizing.
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Parry, Glyn, e Cathryn Enis. "The Ardens". In Shakespeare Before Shakespeare, 58–84. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862918.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chapter two focuses on the feud between Edward Arden and the earls of Warwick and Leicester, outlining the unique cultural identity of the Arden family in Warwickshire and their descent from the Saxon magnate, Turchil, the most significant landowner in the Midlands after the Norman conquest whose lands later formed the patrimony of the Beaumont earls of Warwick. The Beauchamps co-opted him into the lineage of the Warwick earldom to link their earldom with the legendary Guy of Warwick, which led to a dispute over lineage between Arden and the Dudleys, in which Edward Arden tried to use his ancestry to challenge their authority in the county. We also look at how this reinvigorated Guy of Warwick as a cultural icon, which can be linked to Shakespeare’s involvement in a play about Guy and his later interest in this legendary figure. The Dudleys responded with increased pressure on Arden through legal cases that threatened his tenure of his estate, and which became widely known as the cases moved from court to court, including the Warwick assizes and Star Chamber. These cases show how the Dudley ascendancy and the Arden dispute created an assault on popular memory in the county, through legal arguments creating pressure on social structures and requiring Warwickshire people to make choices reflecting both the political struggles within the county and the wider contests of the Elizabethan Reformation.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Desert Land Co"
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Hack, Richard L., e Vincent G. McDonell. "Impact of Ethane, Propane, and Diluent Content in Natural Gas on the Performance of a Commercial Microturbine Generator". In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68777.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The impact of fuel composition on performance of power generation devices is gaining interest as a desire to diversify fuel supplies increases. In the present study measurements of combustion performance were conducted on a commercial natural gas fired 60-kW gas turbine as a function of fuel composition. A statistically designed experiment was carried out and exhaust emissions were obtained for significant amounts of ethane and propane. In addition, a limited study of the effect of inerts was examined. The results show that emissions of NOx, CO, and NOx/NO are not well correlated with common descriptions of the fuel such as higher heating value or methane number. The results and trends indicate that the presence of higher hydrocarbons in the fuel leads to appreciably higher NOx emissions for both test devices operating under similar lean conditions, while having less impact on CO emissions.
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Palmieri, Stefania, Mario Bisson, Alessandro Ianniello, Riccardo Palomba e Luca Botta. "Local resilience through Design: a theoretical framework for territorial regeneration." In ServDes.2023 Entanglements & Flows Conference: Service Encounters and Meanings Proceedings, 11-14th July 2023, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp203015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The technological revolution and the current desire to reconnect with the land provide opportunities to design innovative relationships between citizens and communities for the development of regenerative activities and practices that lead to the creation of common welfare. The rural context is inclined to design strategies that involve significant changes in lifestyle by intervening in various fields with practices and activities aimed at territorial regeneration. Through different approaches, value and trust are created to co-design possible futures and transitional pathways to them. The aim of the paper is to propose a theoretical framework that considers the methodologies and activities typical of design discipline, creating guidelines for the application of innovative processes, with the intention of regenerating a place undergoing social abandonment and environmental deterioration.
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Lepore, Fabio, Livia Ortolani, Alessio Ferrari, Nicholas Fiorentini, Chiara Mannari, Manlio Bacco e Gianluca Brunori. "Co-design and e-governance tools for sustainable land and water management in rural areas: the experience within the DESIRA H2020 project". In 2023 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor58484.2023.10424263.
Testo completo
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Kyprianidis, Konstantinos G., Ramon F. Colmenares Quintero, Daniele S. Pascovici, Stephen O. T. Ogaji, Pericles Pilidis e Anestis I. Kalfas. "EVA: A Tool for EnVironmental Assessment of Novel Propulsion Cycles". In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50602.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents the development of a tool for EnVironmental Assessment (EVA) of novel propulsion cycles implementing the Technoeconomical Environmental and Risk Analysis (TERA) approach. For nearly 3 decades emissions certification and legislation has been mainly focused on the landing and take-off cycle. Exhaust emissions measurements of NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbons are taken at Sea Level Static (SLS) conditions for 4 different power settings (idle, descent, approach and take-off) and are consecutively used for calculating the total emissions during the ICAO landing and take-off cycle. With the global warming issue becoming ever more important, stringent emissions legislation is soon to follow, focusing on all flight phases of an aircraft. Unfortunately, emissions measurements at altitude are either extremely expensive, as in the case of altitude test facility measurements, or unrealistic, as in the case of direct in flight measurements. Compensating for these difficulties, various existing methods can be used to estimate emissions at altitude from ground measurements. Such methods, however, are of limited help when it comes to assessing novel propulsion cycles or existing engine configurations with no SLS measurements available. The authors are proposing a simple and fast method for the calculation of SLS emissions, mainly implementing ICAO exhaust emissions data, corrections for combustor inlet conditions and technology factors. With the SLS emissions estimated, existing methods may be implemented to calculate emissions at altitude. The tool developed couples emissions predictions and environmental models together with engine and aircraft performance models in order to estimate the total emissions and Global Warming Potential of novel engine designs during all flight phases (i.e. the whole flight cycle). The engine performance module stands in the center of all information exchange. In this study, EVA and the described emissions prediction methodology have been used for the preliminary design analysis of three spool high bypass ratio turbofan engines. The capability of EVA to radically explore the design space available in novel engine configurations, while accounting for fuel burn and global warming potential during the whole flight cycle of an aircraft, is illustrated.
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Ćosić, Bernhard, Frank Reiß, Marc Blümer, Christian Frekers, Franklin Genin, Judith Pähr e Dominik Waßmer. "Development and Integration of the Dual Fuel Combustion System for the MGT Gas Turbine Family". In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59162.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Industrial gas turbines like the MGT6000 are often operated as power supply or as mechanical drives for pumps and compressors at remote locations on islands and in deserts. Moreover, small gas turbines are used in CHP applications with a high need for availability. In these applications, liquid fuels like ‘Diesel Fuel No. 2’ can be used either as main fuel or as backup fuel if natural gas is not reliably available. The MAN Gas Turbines (MGT) operate with the Advanced Can Combustion (ACC) system, which is already capable of ultra-low NOx emissions for a variety of gaseous fuels. This system has been further developed to provide dry dual fuel capability to the MGT family. In the present paper, we describe the design and detailed experimental validation process of the liquid fuel injection, and its integration into the gas turbine package. A central lance with an integrated two-stage nozzle is employed as a liquid pilot stage, enabling ignition and start-up of the engine on liquid fuel only, without the need for any additional atomizing air. The pilot stage is continuously operated to support further the flame stabilization across the load range, whereas the bulk of the liquid fuel is injected through the premixed combustor stage. The premixed stage comprises a set of four decentralized nozzles placed at the exit of the main air swirler. These premixed nozzles are based on fluidic oscillator atomizers, wherein a rapid and effective atomization of the liquid fuel is achieved through self-induced oscillations of the liquid fuel stream. We present results of numerical and experimental investigations performed in the course of the development process illustrating the spray, hydrodynamic, and thermal performance of the pilot injectors. Extensive testing of the burner at atmospheric and full load high-pressure conditions has been performed, before verification of the whole combustion system within full engine tests. The burner shows excellent emission performance (NOx, CO, UHC, soot) without additional water injection, while maintaining the overall natural gas performance. Soot and particle emissions, quantified via several methods, are well below legal restrictions. Furthermore, when not in liquid fuel operation, a continuous purge of the injectors based on compressor outlet (p2) air has been laid out. Generic atmospheric coking tests were conducted before verifying the purge system in full engine tests. Thereby we completely avoid the need for an additional high-pressure auxiliary compressor or demineralized water. We show the design of the fuel supply and distribution system. We designed it to allow for rapid fuel switchovers from gaseous fuel to liquid fuel, and for sharp load jumps. Finally, we discuss the integration of the dual fuel system into the standard gas turbine package of the MGT6000 in detail.
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Hamel, Jean-François, Ludwik Sobiesiak, Cédric Godin, Maxime Minville, Wil Travis e Bernardo Lobo-Fernandes. "Hazard Detection & Avoidance and Optical Navigation Integration Demonstration for Autonomous Moon Landing Applications". In ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-094.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is generally recognised that future Moon landing platforms will require a “global access” capability. That means being able to land precisely at any location on the Moon on various types of terrains, potentially hazardous for the Lander. To do that, future Lander systems will require a Hazard Detection and Avoidance (HDA) capability. The HDA function analyses the terrain topography to identify landing hazards (roughness, large slopes, shadowed areas). It commands the sensors (scanning Lidar and camera), processes the sensor data, reconstructs the terrain topography, generates surface hazard maps for slope, roughness and shadow, and combines this information to recommend a safe landing site meeting all the safety and Lander manoeuvrability constraints. An important challenge for the HDA function is the need for motion compensation. The acquisition of the scanning Lidar data takes several seconds and the Lander is moving (in both attitude and translation) during this process. The Lidar measurements appear “distorted” due to the change of relative pose during the scan time. The HDA function thus relies on the outputs of the navigation system for processing the sensor measurements and to actively command the sensor to maintain the desired coverage and resolution. The integration of navigation and HDA components is key to achieve the required hazard detection reliability and to enable accurate retargeting toward the identified target. Such landing platforms typically baseline the use of optical navigation for the descent and landing operations. The validation of the integration between this optical navigation system and the HDA system is an important challenge. The validation of the interaction requires the navigation to produce flight-representative state estimation performance, which requires flight-representative image and sensor inputs. A Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) test campaign had previously been performed in a scaled dynamic environment to demonstrate system integration and real-time operation. The integrated navigation and HDA system was tested in NGC’s Landing Dynamic Test Facility (LDTF). The LDTF consists of a 6-degree of freedom robotic arm mounted on a linear rail, surface mock-ups, and a dedicated lighting system. The prototype payload was mounted at the end effector of the robot. The LDTF is capable of reproducing realistic, but scaled, landing trajectories along the lunar surface mock-up. The primary objective of the dynamic testing was to perform the demonstration of the motion compensation function, i.e., the ability to process Lidar and camera measurements in real-time considering the Lander motion during the scanning process. For that matter, the test campaign included a series of the tests with incremental complexity, ranging from simple static tests to axis per axis isolated motion (in both translation and angular rate) to nominal landing trajectories with 6-DoF motion. High rate cases were also run to identify the limits of the system. Such testing however suffers from scaling limitations. Lidar sensors have an absolute range measurement error which does not scale down when the measured range is small. Applying a scaling factor on the Lidar range measurement has the effect of artificially amplifying the range measurement error. In the particular context of the system lab testing, this error amplification factor means that the functionality and the integration of the HDA system can be demonstrated, but that quantitative slope and roughness performance are not representative of the actual system performance at full scale. The sensor measurement performance is degraded, relatively speaking, with respect to the dimensions of the actual mission. The test campaign did nevertheless demonstrate the ability to reconstruct terrain slope using measurements taken from a moving Lander to the expected level of accuracy considering the scaling effects on range measurement noise. The HIL test campaign led to the identification of several paths of improvement which were addressed in the following project development phase. First, it was identified that the implemented formulation of the image processing function measurement update did not perform as expected when there is little or no motion along the boresight axis of the camera due to a singularity in the solution. Second, the need to inject an altimeter measurement to stabilise the vertical channel was demonstrated. The proposed solution consists of using the Lidar sensor as a laser altimeter when it is not used for HDA purposes in order to feed the navigation filter, provide the required observability of the distance to ground and solve for the scale. Finally, it was also identified that the execution rate of the image processing had to be increased. In order to maintain feature tracking at angular rates of up to 3 deg/s or more, the image processing rate had to be increased to a rate which is not achievable with a pure software implementation on the identified processor. The identified solution was to migrate some of the image processing subroutines on the FPGA co-processor. The identified improvements have been implemented and integrated in the prototype system. A full scale demonstration campaign of the system on a small UAV is currently under preparation. This will enable system performance quantitative assessment as the scaling limitations will be removed. The paper will highlight the status of the integration and results of the full-scale demonstration of the system on a UAV.