Tesi sul tema "Déplacements forcés de population"
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Parisi, Chiara. "Déplacements forcés de population et droit international". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ0033.
Testo completoForced displacement constitutes an ancestral phenomenon, which has spanned centuries and geographical spaces. International law has incorporated it progressively, notably from the creation and development of international criminal justice mechanisms. The causes of forced population displacements are multiple and constantly evolving. These include armed conflicts, systematic violations of human rights, natural and man-made disasters, the effects of climate change, as well as major development projects. Depending on this classification, relevant rules and standards develop within the different specialized regimes, thus contributing to a very fragmented integration of forced displacement into international law. This has also led to a very diverse level of development, sometimes truly unbalanced between the different specialized regimes. Rather comprehensive legal frameworks have been adopted for forced population displacements in the context of armed conflicts and human rights violations, even if inadequacies persist; however, when it comes to displacements caused by climate change and environmental disasters, there are real gaps. This thesis aims to analyze the obligations imposed by international law on States and actors who may be at the origin of forced displacements, and aims to establish a complete and global study of the integration of forced displacement into international law. To this end, the analysis of the applicable rules proceeds from two different approaches, first by the study of the standards for preventing forced displacements and, secondly, by deepening the mechanisms for initiating individual and international responsibility in case of violation
Moreno, Durán Álvaro. "Les déplacements forcés de population colombiennes et leurs effets à la frontière équatorienne". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082509.
Testo completoThe study´s time frame is 2002-3. How does the phenomenon of the forced transborder displacement of Colombian people to Sucumbíos (Ecuador) manifest itself? What is the social, economic and political impact among the displaced as well as the local (Ecuadorian) population? Are there basic elements of collective identity that influence its restructuring among the displaced and their livelihood strategies in the new milieu? The research uses two theoretical strands: one regarding international relations and the wider political arena; and sociological perspective focussing on livelihood patterns and a qualitative fieldwork method of observation, classification, comparison and analysis, selecting primary written sources and field interviews to collect fragments of life histories. The thesis concludes that: (a) the increase of the forced displacement phenomenon across the border is directly influenced by government policies derived from international plans in the context of the New World Order, and (b) the displaced are able to re-structure their collective identity in the new mileu on the basis of their strategy of self-recognition and recognition of the other, both expressed in social practices, with reference to their life paths and identifying the elements of the primary habitus
Thibault, Christel. "Conflits, refuges et enjeux frontaliers : les déplacements forcés de la population du Cambodge, 1970-2000". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040225.
Testo completoSince 1970, politico-militaries crisis in Cambodia caused a large scale forced migrations. Therefore several hundred thousands Cambodians were forced to move inside their country or to reach the refugee camps settled along the khmero-thaï border during about 15 years. The peace-keeping operation lead in Cambodia by the United Nations (Untac) finally enabled the refugees, the displaced persons and the internally displaced persons (IDPs) to go back home. But the long lasting internal political troubles, khmer rouge guerilla and the large spread of mine fields have been a major hindrance against the resettlement and the social reintegration of the whole displaced population of Cambodia
Londoño, Catalina. "Les Nouvelles formes de violence urbaine en Colombie : les déplacements forcés à Medellín et Barrancabermeja". Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA123012.
Testo completoForced displacement is an issue which has affected Colombia for a long time, but which only drew the attention of the State in the 1990's. Although Colombian public opinion considers that cities are secluded from the actions of armed groups, both official and unofficial, and that combats between said groups belong exclusively to rural areas, the current dynamic of the conflict calls for us to study forced displacement inside urban areas. The presence of armed illegal groups in urban areas, their cooperation and clashes with several delinquency groups and their confrontations with the National Army and Police have produced the involuntary displacement of people within diverse districts of a same city. Taking into account the above, our research proposal is to describe and analyze intra-urban displacement as a new form of urban violence, a direct consequence of internal conflict. We have as case studies the cities of Medellín and Barrancabermeja
Blot, Julie. "Les déguerpissements à Phnom Penh (Cambodge). Déplacements forcés et relocalisation contrainte des citadins pauvres". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040204.
Testo completoIn Cambodia, since the 2000’s, strong economic growth and political stability stimulate an increasing speculation on urban lands in the capital, Phnom Penh. Slum areas are the targets of privet housing projects as well as public policies of beautification. The informal tenure of theirs lands makes slums dwellers particularly exposed to forced evictions, implemented to clean up the ground and to relocate them outside the city center. Resettlement sites are created to accommodate the involuntarily displaced people from the city to the fare and rural suburban areas. Part of these evicted people intends to resettle there, while others decide to seek for a new location back in the city. Both the Municipality and the Cambodian government present those forced relocations as a positive process to solve the informal settlements issue, and to offer more decent life conditions to the urban poor. Relocated people on the contrary, consider that they have been “thrown out in the middle of the rice fields” without any job opportunity, housing solution, or infrastructure. The “right to the city” is denied to the poorest. Forced evictions of the urban poor come within a social choice that encourages capitalism and urban competitiveness. One of the main consequences of this phenomenon is an increasing social and spatial segregation. Relocations appear as a mean to barely banish the slum dwellers from the city in order to grab the land they occupied, rather than to solve the informal settlements issue
Duriez, Tiphaine. "Les déplacements forcés intra-urbains dans les comunas 4 et 6 de Soacha (Colombie) : entre violences urbaines et urbanisation de la guerre : Enquête ethnologique d'une mobilité sous contrainte politisée". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2046/document.
Testo completoIf the armed conflict affecting Colombia is known from the public, it is not the case of the numerous refugees it has created. Movements of population are constant across the history of this armed conflict although it did not attract the media’s attention. Nowadays this country has the largest number of internal refugees in the world. The present document is the result of a research in political anthropology on the migration patterns of populations caused by the threatening « of the war ». Identified and grouped under the denomination of « desplazamientos forzados por la violencia », these movements are plural. Locally this « total social fact » is closely monitored by scientific, political and humanitarian institutions. However significant disparities exist on both the analysis and the reasons of these migrations, especially regarding the condition of the migrant’s departure territory. It is often a statement in people’s mind that the conflicts at the origin of these motilities are limited to the countryside, and thus absent from the urban zones. However the data presented in this PhD thesis goes against this postulate. It was collected between 2010 and 2012 among various Colombian actors and institutions based in the cities of Bogotá and Soacha. By combining this data, the fieldwork demonstrates the reality of a transfer of the old conflicts into urban areas, stressing the existence of a plurality of trajectories and testifying about the complexity of situations to which they respond. This research emphasis the importance of themes such as memory, territory, informality, membership, distribution of wealth and knowledge transmission
Broni, Fulgence Axel. "L'approche conceptuelle du déplacement forcé de population en Afrique subsaharienne à la lumière du droit international". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3002.
Testo completoThe international law seems to deal with the issue of forced displacement in Africa through two conceptual approaches. The first which stems from the Cold War is deemed reactive since the issue of forced displacement is limited to exile and international protection of refugees. This traditional system of the refugees' international protection does not allow a full understanding of forced displacement in Africa as such. In light of these shortcomings, and following a growing series of factors fostered by the end of the Cold War, the need for a thorough reassessment of the traditional approach of forced displacement in Africa is becoming an essential issue today. The new paradigm is now proactive and focused on prevention. The research therefore aims to examine this evolution in regards to international public law. Although this new approach to the issue of forced displacement in Africa is proactive, it contains some obvious contradictions in terms of security from an international law practice point of view. The shift of the issue of forced displacement to the matter of security raises concerns about its implementation by international law practice, especially as it tends to favor containment strategies of vulnerable populations within their country rather than promoting their protection in situ. In order to face the risk of a security shortfall, the solution should rely on a human security driven approach regardless of any strategic preoccupation. This attitude could form an efficient answer to the plague of forced displacement in Africa
Vivet, Jeanne. "Déplacements forcés et citadinités. Les deslocados de guerra à Maputo (Mozambique)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100147.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the relationships between forced displacements and “citadinités”. It is based on the study of war refugees of rural origin, who sought refuge in Maputo in late 1980. Deterritorialization, displacements and forced mobility are crucial to understand the way deslocados take root in cities. As the original displacement to Maputo was forced, public authorities and the majority of the displaced people initially considered their presence in the city as temporary. The city was primarily a place of refuge and ephemeral presence. It then became a place of permanent settlement, a “home place”. The deslocados arrived in a city facing a crisis. Their “citadinisation” is the result of a dialectical process where the government policies, the urban, social and family contexts and their individual practices interact. Although their exceptional situations first legitimated the deslocados presence, the latter became less legitimate compared to the other migrants settling when the conflict was over. We cannot interpret unambiguously the ongoing presence of former displaced people twenty years after their arrival. For some, it reflects positive territorializations: their economic and residential integration, their sense of belonging to Maputo. Conversely, it refers, for others, to the impossible coming back to their pasts and their "homelands" and thus their enforced immobility, rather than their “citadinité”
Gomez, Lucas Sebastián. "Le déplacement forcé des populations par la violence en Colombie : émergence, réinscription et transformations d'un problème public". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0061.
Testo completoThe construction of social problems depends on mobilization and claim of social, internationals and institutional actors. At the end of the eighties and the beginning of the nineties the internal displacement starts to be regarded as an international problem for UN. The influence of several non-governmental organizations and the discussions inside of UN system was concluding by the creation of a Representative of the Secretary-General on internal displaced persons in 1992. For the Colombian case, at the same time, we could identify an IDP agenda-building process leader by nationals NGO, the Catholic Church and the influence of international community. However, it will be the country-visit of the Representative of Secretary General in 1994 which finally open de policy window for policy making. Currently, the Colombian legislation is one of the most important and completes public policy for IDPs in the world. The legal act established by the law 387 of 1997 – which defines the IDPs – the decisions of the constitutional Court – looking to reinforce the IDPs rights – and the hundreds of administrative acts to assisting IDPs, gives to this populations a legal framework for support in the middle of the conflict. We will show how the Colombian IDP´s public policy was created in a particular policy window, where the international context and the inside process of political decision making let born de necessity of a legal framework for IDPs assistance. Then we will present the consequences of these trying to do a tentative of evaluation 15 years after the agenda-building process
Bermudez, Catalina. "Éducation populaire en Colombie : entre résistance et refondation". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21790/document.
Testo completoThe popular education in Latin America is supposed to be an alternative education in order to encourage emancipation and liberation of popular social classes. Thereby its fight is mainly in favour of the social integration, the exclusion refusal and the marginalization. The most violent expression of exclusion in the Republic of Colombia is the forced displacement which has been recognized by the Statut de Rome of the International Criminal Court as a crime against humanity. According to CODHES, one Colombian out of ten is in forced displacement situation. But the war seems to be a way of evicting farmers in order to strip them of their lands. Nevertheless, in spite of the “humanity crisis” caused by the displacement, the displaced populations or those exposed to be forced to leave their home have developed a resistance and refunding movement transversally and fundamentally focused on education. In both processes education responds to the same idea to reestablish the creation of free and democratic life. In the end support given to education assembling school and community is a driving force to a peaceful society
Ouédraogo, Dieudonné. "Aménagements hydro-agricoles : opérations "terres neuves" et déplacements de population au Burkina : de 1900 à nos jours". Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30051.
Testo completoCabalion, Joël. "Des existences paysannes au fil de l'eau : le grand barrage Gosikhurd et les déplacements de population au Vidarbha, Inde centrale". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0122.
Testo completoThrough the Jens of a "State science" in the name of “public interest” to rural inequalities and the political struggles of social movement, this thesis reflects upon the chain of uprootings and regroundings which shape the sense of peasant existences in India today. On the Wainganga river, the Gosikhurd project leads to the displacement and resettlement of 93 villages, resulting in 83 000 people having to leave their land and homestead behind as the dam waters start to rise in the reservoir. Engaged since a few decades in a global perspective of agrarian development, the State of Maharashtra therein advocates a Green Revolution for Vidarbha, a region perceived as "backwards”. If this political orientation has already been subject to multiple analyses in diverse disciplines, few have simultaneously addressed the conditions of production of such a project and the inherent impacts of submergence on the population. Grounded in a qualitative and quantitative study which followed this double process over nine years ; this research entwines a sociology of public action and social movements, a rural ethnography and a political and social anthropology in order to account for the transformations and ruptures caused by displacement. When the Indian State plans to wipe a village of the map and relocate it, how does it organize the processes of land acquisition and compensation of agrarian resources? How does the peasantry adjust to the confiscation of its rural life style and to the uncertainty of its social “forth-coming “? Finally, what are the forms of opposition or “resistance“ that the project meets in the face of such dispossession ?
Sacriste, Fabien. "Les camps de "regroupement" : une histoire de l’État colonial et de la société rurale pendant la guerre d’indépendance algérienne (1954-1962)". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20092.
Testo completoThis PhD concerns the displacement of rural population during the Algerian war for independence. During this conflict, the creation of “forbidden zones” by the French army ends in the transfer of nearly two million Algerians towards some camps that the militaries then called “regroupment centres”. The objective of this work consists to study the dynamics of this practice’s diffusion and its integration in the militaries strategy implemented against the National Liberation Front. Its aim is also to define the specificity of one of the major institution of this conflict: the “regroupment” camp. Essentially created for Social Control purposes, it generated in most of the cases an economic crisis for the rural population, uprooted and deprived of the access to its land, and most part of the time depending on State’s food distribution. This work try to understand how some actors, civilian or militaries, try to react to this crisis, by developing a particular policy: the “One thousand villages”, that was supposed to transform the camps into some “new villages”. This work aims to study the implementation of this double policy, on the local military, political and administrative ground, by analysing the relations between the main actors of the State. It is focused in particular on the security, social, economic activities of the officers of the Specialized Administrative Sections, which were in charge of the camp. In such a perspective, it tries to contribute to the writing of a history of Colonial State in its last algerian manifestation
Louvet, Nicolas. "Les conditions d'une concertation productive dans l'action publique locale : le cas des plans de déplacements urbains". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086554.
Testo completoPremier résultat, c'est lorsque la participation s'effectue en amont qu'elle s'avère productive, qu'elle modifie la donne. Second résultat : une concertation « ciblée » – l'autorité organisatrice dialogue avec les associations sélectionnées a priori – pondère le discours technico-politique alors qu'une concertation « révélée » – le processus fait émerger des participants inattendus – ajoute au programme de nouvelles thématiques.
Alaç, Rojda. "Stratégies de vie et récréation de « foyer » : le cas de la population kurde déplacée dans les espaces urbains de sa propre région en Turquie (1987-2010)". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0140.
Testo completoThis study analyses an understudied aspect of the Kurdish question in Turkey, the policy of forced deplacements. At least one million people have been affected by this policy during 1990s, wich started immediately after the state of emergency has been declared (covering from 1987 to 2002) and wich officially has never been proclaimed. In my view, understanding the history of forced migration in Turquie is important in order to grasp the long history of the Kurdish question in Turkey, and more generally the issue of minorities in a nation state as such. Women have been the main source of information wich gave me the chance to reconstruct an alternative reading of the forced displacements and its effects. Therefore I have concentrated my research on everyday life wich revealed how a new urban identity based on past and present experiences developped among the dispaced and what kind of life strategies they employed in the urban space, in this case, in the city of Van. Thus, I argue that an anthropological analysis centering on different parameters of the everyday life of the displaced is indispensable for a discussion of such issues as national identity, the question of ethnic identity, the roots and results of the conflict, violence and subjectivity. The case of the displaced Kurds in Turkey opens new venues of debate and inspires researchers to undertake new studies concerning Turkey and novel reflections in social sciences based on "every day life"
De, Mesnard Adele. "Déplacements environnementaux et peuples autochtones : repenser la responsabilité des Etats et de la communauté internationale". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3032.
Testo completoThe protection of the rights of indigenous peoples, who are displaced by environmental degradation, is a theme that has received little attention in most of the work on environmental displacement that tends to conceptualize displacement in an abstract way. The particularities of indigenous peoples' environmental displacement require analysis in the legal, political and social contexts in which they occur: this framework makes it possible not to isolate the environmental factor but to specify its importance in view of the particular relationship that indigenous peoples have with the land and their environment and their claims to be able to freely decide their future. Taking the indigenous communities in Alaska as an example, the analysis of the legal and institutional obstacles to the recognition of indigenous particularities in displacement then makes it possible to consider the role of the law in maintaining the status of indigenousness and the perpetuation of the status of the indigenous land in the territory of destination. The mobilization of the various corpuses of recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples under international, regional and domestic law (American law) allows for a re-reading of the obligations of States in the implementation of indigenous rights in the light of the unprecedented context of their environmental displacement, while demonstrating the importance of not locking indigenous peoples into a “legal straitjacket” that would lead communities to no longer being recognized as indigenous when being displaced
Millan, Stéphanie. "Vers un statut international en faveur des personnes deplacées à l'interieur de leur propre pays". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111020.
Testo completoForced internal displacement is an old and recurring phenomenon that the internationalcommunity has been slow to grasp. It was not until 1992 that the United Nations GeneralSecretary appointed a Special Representative on internally displaced persons. Upon hisappointment, the Special Representative undertook a major work of analysis and compilationof international norms in order to study their applicability to internally displaced persons.The culmination of this work has enabled the development and presentation of the “GuidingPrinciples on internal displacement” in 1998. These guidelines have subsequently become animportant framework for the development of international treaties with regional impactwhose latest is the Kampala Convention adopted in 2009 by the African Union.This study has a double-object. First of all, it is to underline the important evolution of thenotion of internally displaced person and of the international legal protection regarding thisnotion.Secondly, it is to question about the emergence of an international legal status dedicated tointernally displaced persons through the analysis of the concept of responsibility to protectand through the review of the usefulness and the significance of this international legal statuswhose emergence could be hampered by possible legal obstacles
Haquin, Sáenz Liliana Maria. "Le sort des minorités à l’épreuve du droit international contemporain : constantes et nouveautés". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3016.
Testo completoThe purpose of this study is to examine, in the light of contemporary developments in international law, the kind of legal status minorities would enjoy. While they are diverse and multiple, this research focuses on those listed in the Chart of the United Nations and the International Bill of Human Rights, as well as the various instruments related to them. After a long period of calm and stability, these national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities are once again being discriminated in respect of their rights, persecuted in their daily lives and even atrocities are being committed against them involving their property, and their personal and family lives. This implies the danger for the existence of the minority itself. In countries where such behaviour is now taking place there are massive violations, displacement, both within and outside States, and in the latter case, population exchanges.The interest of the thesis lies precisely in the examination of the scope of these behaviours as regards the legal fate of minorities, as it was addressed by the International Bill of Human Rights in 1947. The discussions at the international level are extremely abundant, but unsuccessful when it comes to solve the fate of particular groups. Nonetheless, when considering contemporary international law, this appears to reflect the solutions of the past, informed by the innovations introduced by international legal developments. This thesis therefore re-examines the current situation of minorities based on a twofold observation: on the one hand, the validation of the protection of minorities by the bill of human rights. On the other hand, the explicit new determination to ensure, beyond individual and collective rights, the profound identity and existence of minorities whose irreducible autonomy is the subject of progressive international recognition
Minster, Clotilde. "L'exception des espaces ruraux français questionnée : des formes de mobilités singulières ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010597.
Testo completoThis thesis has been prepared in view of the increasing share of the population living in low-density areas, and the related increase in commuting distances (Hubert 2009). The result of the interplay between these factors may well be interpreted as an unsustainable development path, especially due to the supposedly increased level of mobility (DATAR 2003). To contribute to the discussion on these topics, this thesis examines the accessibility of various social services and other facilities, using data from the French facilities database. It then analyzes mobility patterns within the sample population using data of the French national travel survey. The analysis shows a weak influence of space characteristics on mobility behaviours. Following a discussion of possible explanations for the findings, the thesis offers potential directions for public policy to address these issues
Leblanc, Jérôme. "Les déplacements de population dus à des projets miniers en Afrique de l'Ouest : mal nécessaire pour le développement?" Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/630/1/M10076.pdf.
Testo completoHallé, Tania. "Déplacements forcés et contre-réforme agraire en Colombie : territoires, agro-industrie de la palme africaine et résistance civiles afro-colombienne au Choco". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18058.
Testo completoMac, Allister Karine. "Reading Population Transfer in International Human Rights Law, International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law through the Principle of Humanity". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19280.
Testo completoPopulation transfer is a cause and consequence of armed conflict. It entails the arbitrary displacement of the population, the implantation of settlers and unlawful confinement. It is a violation of international human rights law and international humanitarian law and a crime in international criminal law. Yet, it is still considered a solution to minority and ‘ethnic’ problems. Using the rule of law as theoretical framework, this thesis assesses how the crime of population transfer is defined, interpreted and applied under international law and by regional and international courts as well as by the international community.