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A, Nandhini. "Assess the Correlation between the Level of Co-dependency and Quality of Marital Life among Wives of Clients with Alcohol Dependence in Selected De-Addiction Centre, Bengaluru." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210626.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim: Present study attempts to assess the correlation between co-dependency and quality of marital life among wives of alcohol dependence clients. Materials and Methods: Descriptivecorrelational design with a non-probability purposive sampling method was used. The sample of this study comprised of 50 wives of clients with alcohol dependence admitted to the Deaddiction center. Data was collected using the Socio-demographic proforma, co-dependency scale, and marital quality scale to assess the correlation between the level of co-dependency and quality of marital life. Results: In this study, the result shows that the sample's co-dependency scale indicates that 8% of respondents were moderately co-dependent and 92% were highly co-dependent, and none of them were completely independent. The quality of marital life scale shows that 78% were moderately affected, 20% have severely affected, and the remaining 2% were mildly affected by marital quality. The computed value of Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient was + 0.627. So this shows there exists a positive correlation between co-dependency and the Quality of Marital life. Analysis of socio-demographic variables with co-dependency level shows no significance, and quality of marital life showed a significant association between husbands' educations, duration of husband’s alcoholism, duration of stay in the de-addiction center, number of children. Thus the study result revealed a positive correlation between the level of Co-dependency and quality of marital life. Conclusion: The study's findings revealed a positive correlation between the level of co-dependency and quality of marital life among wives of clients with alcohol dependence. Key words: Co-dependency, Quality of marital life, Alcohol dependence.
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Boneva, Svetla. "Analysis of the Energy Dependence of the European Union." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 10, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v10i1.p42-48.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main objective of the research paper is to accomplish a comparative analysis of the energy dependence of the EU member states. This objective is de-composited in several sub-objectives: First, to make a short literature review and a summary of the main ideas concerning energy dependence; Second, to clarify the methodology used for analysis of the energy dependence of the EU. Third, to analyze the nominal energy dependency of the EU, as well as the Union energy dependency by energy types.Fourth, to analyze the energy intensity of the economy of the European Union countries. The research and analytical methods used for the development of the paper involve comparative analysis of the available data on energy security indicators, graphical and table presentation of statistical and empirical data and survey of available legal and analytical research on the topic. Entirely secondary data sources have been used in the research. The research results comprise: - the introduction of two new concepts as a result of the analysis – the nominal energy dependency and the real energy dependency; - the construction of an energy dependency classifying scheme for the European Union member states;- the construction of an classification grid of the energy dependence of the EU member states by energy type. The research results present the author contribution to the research field of energy dependency. They add value not only in analytical terms but also pave the road for formulating further ideas and evidence-based recommendations on policy measures.
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Boneva, Svetla. "Analysis of the Energy Dependence of the European Union." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejes-2018-0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The main objective of the research paper is to accomplish a comparative analysis of the energy dependence of the EU member states. This objective is de-composited in several sub-objectives: First, to make a short literature review and a summary of the main ideas concerning energy dependence; Second, to clarify the methodology used for analysis of the energy dependence of the EU. Third, to analyze the nominal energy dependency of the EU, as well as the Union energy dependency by energy types.Fourth, to analyze the energy intensity of the economy of the European Union countries. The research and analytical methods used for the development of the paper involve comparative analysis of the available data on energy security indicators, graphical and table presentation of statistical and empirical data and survey of available legal and analytical research on the topic. Entirely secondary data sources have been used in the research. The research results comprise: - the introduction of two new concepts as a result of the analysis - the nominal energy dependency and the real energy dependency; - the construction of an energy dependency classifying scheme for the European Union member states; - the construction of an classification grid of the energy dependence of the EU member states by energy type. The research results present the author contribution to the research field of energy dependency. They add value not only in analytical terms but also pave the road for formulating further ideas and evidence-based recommendations on policy measures.
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Feng, Jian, Lang Yu, and Rui Ma. "AGCN-T: A Traffic Flow Prediction Model for Spatial-Temporal Network Dynamics." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (May 29, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1217588.
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Traffic prediction is the key for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) to achieve traffic control and traffic guidance, and the key challenge is that traffic flow has complex spatial-temporal dependence and nonlinear dynamics. Aiming at the lack of the ability to model complex and dynamic spatial-temporal dependencies in current research, this paper proposes a traffic flow prediction model Attention based Graph Convolution Network (GCN) and Transformer (AGCN-T) to model spatial-temporal network dynamics of traffic flow, which can extract dynamic spatial dependence and long-distance temporal dependence to improve the accuracy of multistep traffic prediction. AGCN-T consists of three modules. In the spatial dependency extraction module, according to the similarity of historical traffic flow sequences of different loop detectors, an adjacency matrix for the road network is constructed based on a sequence similarity calculation method, Predictive Power Score (PPS), to express latent spatial dependency; and then GCN is used on the adjacency matrix to capture the global spatial correlation and Transformer is used to capture dynamic spatial dependency from the most recently flow sequences. And then, the dynamic spatial dependency is merged with the global spatial correlation to obtain the overall spatial dependency pattern. In the temporal dependency extraction module, the temporal dependency pattern of each traffic flow sequence is learned by the temporal Transformer. The prediction module integrates both patterns to form spatial-temporal dependency patterns and performs multistep traffic flow prediction. Four sets of experiments are performed on three actual traffic datasets to show that AGCN-T can effectively capture the dynamic spatial-temporal dependency of the traffic network, and its prediction performance and efficiency are better than existing baselines. AGCN-T can effectively capture the dynamics in traffic flow. In addition to traffic flow prediction, it can also be applied to other spatial-temporal prediction tasks, such as passenger demand prediction and crowd flow prediction.
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Alemán Bracho, Carmen, and José María Alonso Seco. "Las prestaciones de atención a la dependencia y su consideración como derechos sociales // Dependency benefits and its consideration as Social Rights." Revista de Derecho Político 1, no. 100 (December 20, 2017): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.100.2017.20724.
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Resumen:El estudio se refiere a las prestaciones de atención a la dependencia establecidas en España por la Ley 39/2006, de 14 de diciembre, de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a las personas en situación de dependencia y por las nuevas Leyes autonómicas de servicios sociales. Después de describir brevemente dichas prestaciones, se analiza el carácter de derechos sociales que pueden tener en la Constitución, en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y en la legislación estatal y autonómica.Summary:1. Introduction. 2. Dependency benefits. 2.1 Conceptual approach. 2.2 Consideration as «social assistance» benefits. 3. Dependency benefits as social rights. 3.1 Constitution and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. 3.2 State and autonomous legislation. 4. Conclusion. 5. Bibliographical references.Abstract:The study addresses the dependency benefits established in Spain by the Law 39/2006, of 14 December, on the Promotion of Personal Autonomy and Care for people in a situation of dependence and by other recent regional social services laws. Initially, we analyze how these benefits are incorporated into the Spanish legal system as a result of international external influences. Furthermore, we evaluate the nature of social rights in the Constitution, in the Constitutional Court jurisprudence, and in the state and regional legislation.
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Indumathy M and Arthi Balasubramaniam. "Association between Tobacco Dependence and Tooth Loss among Patient Visiting Private Dental College And Hospital-A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 16, 2020): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2987.
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Oral health contributes to personal wellbeing and quality of life. Use of tobacco in smoke or smokeless form is one of the driving reasons for global mortality. Also, it plays a major role in causing morbidity of major non- communicable diseases, including tooth morbidity in the form of periodontitis and tooth mortality. Therefore, the aim of the study is to find out the prevalence and association of nicotine dependence and tooth loss. A retrospective study was done using the case records of outpatients attending a private Dental College and Hospital. One month case records with a total of 100 case sheets of current smoker males were retrieved. Case sheets which recorded nicotine dependence using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the number of tooth loss were used for data analysis. Descriptive and chi-square association were the statistical tests done. Patients of age more than 45 (27%) have a lesser dependency for the tobacco of 22.2% when compared to 15 to 30 years (39%) have tobacco dependency of 50%. In between lies the age group of 30-35 years (34%) had tobacco dependency of (27.7%), and there was no statistically significant association between level of nicotine dependency and tooth loss (P>0.05). Patients with high nicotine dependency of age 15-30 years had minimum tooth loss than patients of age more than 45years with a low level of nicotine dependency.
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Sug, Hyontai. "A Comparison of Statistical Dependency and Functional Dependency between Attributes Based on Data." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 19 (October 25, 2022): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23209.2022.19.23.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chi-squared test is a standard statistical test to ascertain independence between categorical variables. So, it is recommended to do the test for the attributes in the datasets, and remove any redundant attributes before we supply the datasets to machine learning algorithms. But, if we have many attributes that are common in real-world datasets, it is not easy to choose two attributes to do the independence test. On the other hand, several automated algorithms to find functional dependencies based on data have been suggested. Because functional dependencies show many-to-one relationships between values of attributes, we could conjecture that there might be statistical dependence in the found functional dependencies. For us to overcome the problem of choosing appropriate attributes for statistical dependency tests, we may use some algorithms for automated functional dependency finding. We want to confirm that the found functional dependencies can show statistical dependence between attributes in real-world datasets. Experiments were performed for three different real-world datasets using SPSS to confirm the statistical dependence of functional dependencies that are found by an open-source tool called FDtool, where we can use FDtool for automated functional dependency discovery. The experiments confirmed that there exists statistical dependence in the found functional dependencies and showed improvements in decision trees after removing dependent attributes.
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El-Setouhy, Maged, Rashad M. Alsanosy, Abdallah Alsharqi, and Ahmed A. Ismail. "Khat Dependency and Psychophysical Symptoms among Chewers in Jazan Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2642506.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background. Khat chewing is highly prevalent in Africa, Yemen and Jazan region, southwest of Saudi Arabia. Most of Jazani Khat chewers consider khat session as a social activity and do not consider khat dependency. The aim of this study was to explore khat dependency and its relationship with the psychophysical symptoms among chewers.Methods. Cross-sectional study on seventy Saudi male khat chewers living in Jazan area. Psychological dependence to khat chewing was evaluated using the Severity of Dependency Scale (SDS). The participants filled in a self-administrated assisted structured questionnaire designed to collect data about their medical history, neurological symptoms, and their chewing behavior.Results. Half (52.2%) of khat chewers showed psychological dependency. Those having longer khat sessions (≥6 hours) were more liable for dependency. Physical and psychological symptoms were more prevalent among khat dependent chewers.Conclusions. khat has a psychological dependence effect that can be measured by the SDS, even in low doses and with irregular use. SDS scale is a useful tool to expect the burden of either physical or psychological symptoms on khat chewers.
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Elagöz, Mine, and Canan Gamze Bal. "Relationship Between Resource Dependency and Environmental Uncertainty: A Field Study." Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 25, no. 1 (April 29, 2025): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.30976/susead.1484088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between resource dependence and environmental uncertainty. The study investigates whether there is a relationship between resource dependency and environmental uncertainty in organizations operating in various sectors. Methodology – he sample for the research consists of organizations listed in the ISO 500 list that operate in the TR63 region (N=25). IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used for data analysis, and non-parametric analysis methods were applied. Findings – The results of the analysis indicate that there is no relationship between resource dependency and environmental uncertainty. It can be concluded that the organizations involved in the study do not use their resource dependency strategies to manage the uncertainty arising from their environment. Conclusions - Although the analysis results show no direct relationship between resource dependency and environmental uncertainty, it can be stated that organizations use resource dependency strategies for purposes such as achieving cost advantages, keeping up with innovations, and enhancing productivity and efficiency. Keywords: Resource Dependence, Environmental Uncertanity, Outsourcing, JEL Codes: M0, M29, M19
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FINE, MICHAEL, and CAROLINE GLENDINNING. "Dependence, independence or inter-dependence? Revisiting the concepts of ‘care’ and ‘dependency’." Ageing and Society 25, no. 4 (June 30, 2005): 601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x05003600.
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Research and theory on ‘dependency’ and ‘care-giving’ have to date proceeded along largely separate lines, with little sense that they are exploring and explaining different aspects of the same phenomenon. Research on ‘care’, initially linked to feminism during the early 1980s, has revealed and exposed to public gaze what was hitherto assumed to be a ‘natural’ female activity. Conversely, disability activists and writers who have promoted a social model of disability have seen the language of and the policy focus upon ‘care’ as oppressive and objectifying. ‘Dependency’ is an equally contested concept: sociologists have scrutinised the social construction of dependency; politicians have ascribed negative connotations of passivity; while medical and social policy discourse employs the term in a positivist sense as a measure of physical need for professional intervention. Autonomy and independence, in contrast, are promoted as universal and largely unproblematic goals. These contrasting perspectives have led social theory, research and policies to separate and segregate the worlds of ‘carers’ from those for whom they ‘care’. Drawing on the work of Kittay and others, this paper explores the ways in which sociological perspectives can develop new understanding of the social contexts of ‘care’ and ‘dependence’.
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Rohmah, Nurliya Ni'matul, and Endang Rahmawati. "Interpretation of Media System Dependency Theory on Financial Technology." Jurnal ASPIKOM 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v8i1.1186.
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A study on the interpretation of people's dependency behavior on digital technology, one of which is in the financial sector in daily life by adapting the theory of Media Dependency System. This article discusses the application of the theory which consists of (1) an analysis of dependence on fintech based on the social system of womenprenuers in Lombok; and (2) interpretation of media system dependency theory on fintech. A total of 108 samples from the population of womenprenuers in Lombok to test its statistical hypotheses. The results revealed there is a positive correlation between the location of the respondents, the business they were in and the financial platform used simultaneously on their dependence on fintech ecosystem
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Knapp, Judith M., Christine L. Rosheim, Edward A. Meister, and Thomas E. Kottke. "Managing Tobacco Dependence in Chemical Dependency Treatment Facilities:." Journal of Addictive Diseases 12, no. 4 (November 2, 1993): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j069v12n04_07.
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Bobo, Janet Kay, James R. Anderson, and Angella Bowman. "Training chemical dependency counselors to treat nicotine dependence." Addictive Behaviors 22, no. 1 (January 1997): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(95)00101-8.
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Altın, Emel, and Ali Küçükçolak. "The Ways of Creating New Paths for Financial Organizations Within the Framework of Spatial Dependency." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 10, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v10i1.p56-65.
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Spatial dependence of financial organizations has been examined by economic geography, clustering and institutionalist approaches. In literature, there has been many studies which investigate how spatial dependency occurs and which factors effect spatial dependency but none of them link spatial dependency with dimensions of financial system. Within the framework of spatial dependency, our study focuses on the notions that financial depth, financial effectiveness, financial stability and financial accessibility as financial system dimensions that effect spatial dependence of financial organizations. To test the propositions, we collected data from financial databases for chosen 25 countries endowed with financial centers between the years of 2007-2011. We aim to identify the factors that affect spatial dependencies and the ways of creating new paths for financial centers. The obtained data from databases are analyzed through the STATA statistical packaged software. After the validation of measures a series of panel data analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses and to define how financial system dimensions create a spatial dependency on financial centers. Analyses results highlighted the notions that competitiveness power, capital based financial system, external shocks such as financial crisis and knowledge asymmetry to create new paths for financial centers.
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Altın, Emel, Murat Kasımoğlu, and Ali Küçükçolak. "The Ways of Creating New Paths for Financial Organizations within the Framework of Spatial Dependency." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejes-2018-0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Spatial dependence of financial organizations has been examined by economic geography, clustering and institutionalist approaches. In literature, there has been many studies which investigate how spatial dependency occurs and which factors effect spatial dependency but none of them link spatial dependency with dimensions of financial system. Within the framework of spatial dependency, our study focuses on the notions that financial depth, financial effectiveness, financial stability and financial accessibility as financial system dimensions that effect spatial dependence of financial organizations. To test the propositions, we collected data from financial databases for chosen 25 countries endowed with financial centers between the years of 2007-2011. We aim to identify the factors that affect spatial dependencies and the ways of creating new paths for financial centers. The obtained data from databases are analyzed through the STATA statistical packaged software. After the validation of measures a series of panel data analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses and to define how financial system dimensions create a spatial dependency on financial centers. Analyses results highlighted the notions that competitiveness power, capital based financial system, external shocks such as financial crisis and knowledge asymmetry to create new paths for financial centers.
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Mills, Jon K., and Patrick F. Taricone. "Interpersonal Dependency and Locus of Control as Personality Correlates among Adult Male Alcoholics Undergoing Residential Treatment." Psychological Reports 68, no. 3_suppl (June 1991): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3c.1107.
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The Interpersonal Dependency Inventory and the I-E Control Scale were administered to 22 male alcoholics in residential treatment. Contrary to prediction, subjects had normal dependency scores and external locus of control orientation. These findings contradict currently held assumptions about levels of dependence and the directionality of control orientation among inpatient alcoholics. Subjects were further examined for the influence of previous inpatient alcoholism treatment. Significant correlations were found between interpersonal dependency and control orientation scores for 14 alcoholics who were in residential treatment for the first time. Clinical implications for treatment concerning dependency factors and locus of control in inpatient populations are also discussed.
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Li, Li, and Trisha T. C. Lin. "Smartphones at Work: A Qualitative Exploration of Psychological Antecedents and Impacts of Work-Related Smartphone Dependency." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 18 (January 1, 2019): 160940691882224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406918822240.
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This study explores the impacts and psychological antecedents of smartphone dependency at work. Analyzing semistructured interviews with 32 full-time employees in China, the findings show that dependence on smartphones at work seems to increase workers’ perceived job performance and workplace social capital. However, in the negative side, it seems to lead to the emergence of smartphone addiction symptoms such as anxiety and uncontrollable usage behavior. Notably, this study uncovers that, although smartphone dependency at work seems to enhance workers’ job performance, once such dependency turned to addiction, they perceived their performance to diminish. Besides, the findings show that conscientious employees and those with high smartphone self-efficacy are more likely to develop dependence on their smartphones at work. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Fayezi, Sajad, Rebecca Stekelorum, Jamal El Baz, and Issam Laguir. "Paradoxes in supplier’s uptake of GSCM practices: institutional drivers and buyer dependency." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 31, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-05-2019-0171.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of institutional drivers and buyer dependency on green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and performance of suppliers. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw on institutional theory and resource dependence theory to construct a conceptual model than links institutional drivers, GSCM practices, buyer dependency and performance outcomes. The authors test the hypotheses using partial least squares structural equation modeling applied to a sample of suppliers in the Australian manufacturing sector. Findings The results confirm that suppliers develop GSCM practices of green sourcing and eco-design to enhance their performance in response to both coercive forces and voluntary behaviors of their institutional environment. However, buyer dependence of suppliers explains important paradoxes in their uptake of GSCM practices. For example, while the institutional drivers encourage greater adoption of green sourcing by suppliers, increase in buyer dependence in turn reduces the positive performance outcome of green sourcing. Practical implications The authors establish that understanding and assessment of the role of buyer dependency is critical for managers in charge of GSCM practices of their company. This enables practitioners to proactively manage paradoxes resulting from institutional drivers and buyer dependency through an informed decision on the type of GSCM practice to be adopted for effectuating performance improvement. Originality/value The authors provide empirical evidence on paradoxes that curtail performance associated with the uptake of GSCM practices by suppliers moving beyond institutional environment by considering the role of buyer dependency.
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Perez, Louis A. "Dependency." Journal of American History 77, no. 1 (June 1990): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2078645.
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R.W.G. "Dependency." Americas 43, no. 1 (July 1986): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500073181.
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Hutchinson, Ezzie. "Dependency." Nature Reviews Cancer 7, no. 9 (September 2007): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2219.
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Wu, Shuangzhi, Dongdong Zhang, Zhirui Zhang, Nan Yang, Mu Li, and Ming Zhou. "Dependency-to-Dependency Neural Machine Translation." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 26, no. 11 (November 2018): 2132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taslp.2018.2855968.
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Kupers, Terry A. "Dependency and Counter-Dependency in Couples." Journal of Couples Therapy 7, no. 1 (May 7, 1997): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j036v07n01_04.
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Rely, Kely, Delfino Vargas-Chanes, Carmen García-Peña, Luis Miguel Gutiérrez-Robledo, Rebeca Wong, and Ricardo Ramírez-Aldana. "HETEROGENEITY IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL DEPENDENCY IN OLDER ADULTS IN MEXICO: A LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS APPROACH." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3052.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: The number of older adults expected to increase over the coming decades, the public health impact in this population may be substantial, and a greater understanding of the structure underlying risk factor presentation as a potential source of heterogeneity is critical. Objective: Identify and characterize profiles of dependency status in a population of dependent elderly individuals. Methods: The present study is based on the first wave of the Mexican Health Aging Study (MHAS). We included subjects aged 50 or older (n = 13,463 respondents interviewed in 2001). We performed Latent Class Analysis on four domains in older adults’ indicators (physical, psychological, economic and social) to identify distinct classes of dependency profiles. We used LCA to group individuals into homogenous categories of dependency based on observed domains of multidimensional dependency. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the sociodemographic characteristics associated with each profile. Results: A 4-class solution based on cognitive performance at baseline was the best-fitting model. We characterized the four distinct classes of dependency profiles: active older adult, low, moderate and severe dependency that encompassed multiple dimensions of dependence. Using the “active older adult” class as the reference group, severe dependency, low dependency, and moderate dependency class were more likely to contain females, low education level and poor quality of life 3) the moderate dependency class was less likely to contain cigarette smoking and alcohol user. Conclusions: This study suggests that dependency do not follow a uniform adjustment pattern during the aging process, which reconciles inconsistent previous findings.
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Ferro, Christopher A. T., and David B. Stephenson. "Extremal Dependence Indices: Improved Verification Measures for Deterministic Forecasts of Rare Binary Events." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-10-05030.1.
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Abstract Verifying forecasts of rare events is challenging, in part because traditional performance measures degenerate to trivial values as events become rarer. The extreme dependency score was proposed recently as a nondegenerating measure for the quality of deterministic forecasts of rare binary events. This measure has some undesirable properties, including being both easy to hedge and dependent on the base rate. A symmetric extreme dependency score was also proposed recently, but this too is dependent on the base rate. These two scores and their properties are reviewed and the meanings of several properties, such as base-rate dependence and complement symmetry that have caused confusion are clarified. Two modified versions of the extreme dependency score, the extremal dependence index, and the symmetric extremal dependence index, are then proposed and are shown to overcome all of its shortcomings. The new measures are nondegenerating, base-rate independent, asymptotically equitable, harder to hedge, and have regular isopleths that correspond to symmetric and asymmetric relative operating characteristic curves.
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Sun, Yu Qiang, A. Ling Yin, Xiao Kang Wang, and Qiao Ying Liu. "Parallel Study of Integrated Test in Software Testing Process." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2459.
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With the view of the phenomenon that different test modules have significant differences in the assembly test system, and there is some dependence between these modules, through the dependence theory of the parallel technology, there is the possibility of parallelization used in the integrated test system. In this paper, we analyses various control flows of each program or relation between the modules, and then gets all kinds of dependency between these modules, at the same time transforms the dependency into control flow graph, lastly gets the dependency of actual test cases. On this basis, according to the former implementation plan in parallel research, we can arrange parallel orders of modules the integrated test system, it can effectively improve the efficiency of software testing, and greatly saves the test time.
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Ayudiapala, Deysa, Yanti Hermayanti, and Theresia Eriyani. "Ketergantungan Perilaku Merokok dan Status Gizi Remaja pada Siswa-Siswi Perokok Aktif." Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) 5, no. 2 (November 22, 2023): 3146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/joting.v5i2.7785.
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This study aims to describe the dependence on smoking behavior and nutritional status of active smoker teenagers at SMAN 9 Garut. The method used is a quantitative descriptive method. The research results showed that 36.7% of active smokers at SMAN 9 Garut were not addicted, 28.5% had a low dependency, 33.5% had a moderate dependency, and 1.3% had a high dependency. Meanwhile, the nutritional status was as thin as 52.5%, normal as much as 38.6%, and obesity as much as 8.9%. In conclusion, dependence on smoking behavior is at a moderate level, and nutritional status is poor. However, the level of support for smoking behavior is not a benchmark for decreasing students' nutritional status. This happens because other factors influence the nutritional quality of adolescents.
 Keywords: Dependent Smoking Behavior, Adolescents, Nutritional Status
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Yuan, Bo, Qun Feng Liu, Cai Lin, and Xiao Feng Chen. "Predicting the Bending Size Dependency in Polymer Nanofiber Elasticity." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2179.
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In this paper, a strain gradient model is constructed to predict the bending size dependence of the elastic property of nanofibers under three-point tests. The model prediction shows that there are two kinds of size dependency for the bending tests: one is related to the diameter of the nanofiber, which can be named as Diameter Size Dependency (D-SD), the other is related to the length of the nanofiber, which can be termed as Length Size Dependency (L-SD). Mechanical testing on PCL nanofibers was performed to verify the model for D-SD, and good agreement is found between the model prediction and the data obtained in the experiment. The model can be applied to explain the size dependency in bending test for polymeric nanofibers.
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Love, Joseph L. "The Origins of Dependency Analysis." Journal of Latin American Studies 22, no. 1-2 (March 1990): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00015145.
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It is widely recognised that dependency analysis developed out of two traditions of economic thought, Marxism and Latin American structuralism, associated with the UN Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA). Although structuralism is acknowledged as a progenitor, Marxism is usually viewed, implicitly or explicitly, as the primary tradition from which dependency arose. This is perhaps because dependency per se is so widely perceived as having begun with two books for which Marxist antecedents were claimed. Dependencia y desarrollo en América Latina (1969), by Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, and Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (1967), by Andre Gunder Frank, ‘stood out as the leading theoretical and systematic efforts to construct a dependency perspective for Latin America’, and remain ‘the landmarks to which assessment of dependency perspectives inevitably return’.1
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Lakatos, Elena Simina, Matthew Greenley, Laura Bacali, Mircea Boscoianu, and Razvan Vaida. "The Potential of Renewable Energy in the Republic of Moldova: A Case Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 841 (June 2016): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.841.91.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article presents evidence to support the Republic of Moldova’s foreign energy dependence by providing information related to their current energy situation, energy imports and associated costs.The article places a specific emphasis on locating the primary origins and effects of Moldova’s energy dependency and examines the potential of renewable energy sources to diminish this energy dependency. In order to conduct the research for this article, data was collected through semi-structured interviews that were carried out in Moldova. Various energy experts and other officials and practitioners were interviewed. Information was also retrieved from a variety of sources that included the Moldova Country Report on Moldova’s Energy Sector and from the United Nations Development Program’s Moldova Energy and Biomass Project. The article shows that Moldova is in a position of energy dependence but there is potential from renewable energy sources to decrease this dependency.
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Setiawan, Iman, Nur’eni Nur’eni, and Sritasarwati Putran. "PENGEMBANGAN ANALISIS GEROMBOL BERHIRARKI DENGAN KETERGANTUNGAN SPASIAL PADA INDIKATOR MAKRO SOSIAL EKONOMI DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH." Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v4i1.582.
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This paper develops how the hierarchical clustering analysis uses multivariate variables with spatial dependence on macro social-economic indicator data in Regency/City Central Sulawesi Province. Macro social-economic indicator data used in this paper are the number of criminal cases, per capita expenditure, population density, and Human Development Index of Regency/City of Central Sulawesi Province in 2018. To answer this question, Macro social-economic indicator data was reduced to a new variable using principal component analysis. The new variable was used to identify spatial dependency using the Moran index test. Spatial weight, that meets the Moran index test on the alternative hypothesis (there is a spatial dependency between locations), was used as the spatial dependency distance. Cluster analysis using two distance including variable and spatial dependency distance. The results showed that neighboring Regency/City are in the same cluster (spatial dependency occasion). So that there are five clusters Regency/City in Central Sulawesi Province.
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Iacobută, Andreea-Oana, and Gabriel Claudiu Mursa. "Social Dependency Mentality in Romania – Consequence of Path Dependence or Result of Social Protection Policies?" Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tjeb-2018-0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper discusses whether the social dependency mentality in Romania is a consequence of path (past) dependence (that is, the country’s cultural and historical inheritance), or of the failure of social protection policies implemented after 1990. By taking a deductive approach and using data from Eurobarometers and several international databases, as well as by conducting several statistical analyses, we first identify the socio-economic and institutional factors associated with social dependency mentality in former communist countries, today members of the EU. Drawing on the results obtained, we then characterize the situation in Romania and provide explanations on two levels: dependence mentality as cultural inheritance - hypothesis supported by sociological, psychological and cultural-anthropological studies - and dependence mentality as a consequence of the implemented social protection policies which did not solve the issue of poverty but rather speak about incoherence, lack of vision, populism etc. We conclude that social dependency mentality is associated with the burden of the past, but also with the level and quality of education and the government strength to implement policies and provide incentives for individual responsibility in a free market. The limitations in terms of data coverage do not allow us to establish the exact weight each of the factors has in explaining social dependency mentality and, consequently, further studies are necessary considering the importance this issue currently has in poverty reduction.
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Burucu, Rukiye, Zehra Alanyalı, and Huriye Öztürk. "Care dependency in radiation oncology patients and related factors – a descriptive study." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 21, no. 2 (June 2023): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.2.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction and aim. The incidence of cancer is increasing on a daily basis. One of the methods used for treatment is radiotherapy. Owing to interventions during the radiotherapy process, the patient may experience care dependency. In this study, the aim was to investigate care dependence and related factors in radiation oncology patients. Material and methods. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data were collected between September 2020 and September 2021. In the collection of data, a sociodemographic information form and a Care Dependency Scale were used. The sample consisted of 52 people. Results. Number of participants was 52, mean age was 60.25±11.715, mean care dependency score (initial) 66.19±18.966, mean care addiction score (final) 66.27±22.795. Conclusion. The care dependency of patients hospitalized in the radiation oncology clinic is moderate. The care dependency of these patients decreased partially during their stay in the clinic. The patient’s inability to walk, speak and the presence of a companion affected the patient’s condition. By evaluating the care dependency levels of the patients, the awareness of the nurses about their patients can be increased. In addition, it may be appropriate to consider the care dependency levels of the patients for the nurse workforce planning to work in the oncology clinic.
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Dr., M. Senthil. "FAMILY INTERACTION PATTERN AND CO-DEPENDENCY IN SPOUSES OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE IN COMPARISON WITH NORMAL CONTROL." International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah 4, no. 2 (August 24, 2017): 121–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.848104.
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Alcoholism is destructive to those closest to the alcoholic, and it affects families in several different ways. Many times, rehabilitating an alcoholic is only one part of the process of healing a home. Family members may also need support and counseling. Families with alcohol dependent suffer from a range of problems. Spouses can live in constant conflict. The present study aim was to compare the family interaction and codependency in spouses of alcohol dependence in comparison with normal control. It was a cross sectional study and purposive sampling method was used. Sample consisted of 30 spouses of individuals with alcohol dependence and 30 spouses of normal individuals. Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire was administered on the patient and General Health Questionnaire was administered on spouses for screening purpose. Socio-demographic data sheet, Family Interaction Pattern scale, and Co-dependency Scale were administered on the spouse of both groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS.16. The result revealed that spouses of individuals with alcohol dependence Syndrome had significantly higher scores in Family Interaction Pattern Scale; especially in the domains of reinforcement and role as compared to spouses of normal individuals. It also suggested that the level of codependency was significantly higher to the spouses of individuals with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome as compared to spouses of normal individuals.
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Mackatiani, Caleb Imbova. "Dependency in Africa: Exploitation in Aspiration to Educational Development." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. VII (2024): 3394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.807259.
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This study examined the mechanisms that promote educational dependency in Africa. These mechanisms focus on dependency theory, economic and political status of African countries. According to the dependence theory, both economic and educational progress cannot be achieved in a balanced and constructive way because of the nature of the structural interaction between the developed and less-developed states. The benefit of applying dependence theory is to explain human relationships and why wealthy countries continue to be wealthy while impoverished countries find it difficult to escape poverty. Contemporary African scholars in all academic disciplines have blamed the Europeans for the underdevelopment of Africa. This has necessitated the evocation of dependency theory in explaining Sub-Sahara Africa’s under-development conditions. Subsequently, Africa’s underdevelopment has been linked to internal and external factors. The paradigm has recently shifted from political to economic colonialism, which has fueled dependency and underdevelopment in Africa. Nonetheless, there exist justifications for maintaining reliance on education and advancing education in Africa. According to this school of thinking, the sustainability of education depends on the interactions between society and education. The African education industry has been impacted by this paradigm change.
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Kotsis, Νikolaos, and Miltiadis Botsis. "Theories of Dependency and Tourism." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 3 (March 21, 2024): 5492——5504. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0324.0836.
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Oktavia, Riri. "Behavioral counseling to overcome online game addiction." Education and Social Sciences Review 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/07essr57700.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<p>This research is intended to find out the behaviors arising from the dependency of playing online game on SMP PGRI 1 Padang students which include the factors that cause dependency, psychological condition arising from online game dependence and the effects arising from addiction to play online game. This research approach is qualitative research with case study research based on respondents and information as data source material in the process of collecting data used observation and interview techniques, where after the data is obtained then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on this research that the subject of DL dependency to play online games becauses of the online gaming facilities he has at home is very supportive for DL playing online games, also because of the social factors of the same peers as online game dependence the principal gives the trust to the counselor to solve it including collaboration with DL parents. The results show that behavioral konseling can help to change client behavior in online game dependence.</p>
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Wijaya, Dito, Haryadi Haryadi, and Zulgani Zulgani. "Analisis Tingkat Ketergantungan Fiskal dan Hubungannya dengan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kota Jambi." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 3, no. 1 (July 6, 2015): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v3i1.2635.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aimed to quantify the fiscal needs in the city jambi and analyze the relationship between the level of fiscal dependency of between the level of fiscal dependency of economic growth in the city of Jambi and see how big the city’s fiscal dependence on the central govermeny Jambi. The results of this study indicate that the Fiscal Needs in Jambi has increased significantly each year, with an average growth of 27 times greater where the level of dependence of the Local Government Fiscal Jambi city against the central government is still very High, on average within 6 year (2008 to 2013) obtained the proportion of revenue to the level of fiscal decentralization Jambi each including a small category with an average of 10.93%. This suggests that the fiscal capacity of the city of Jambi to implement regional autonomy means that the dependency ratio is the small city of Jambi to the central government is very high at 89.07 to the relationship between the Fiscal Dependence Levels of Economic Growth in Jambi indicates perfect correlation and positive direction.
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Cho, Yoonju. "Mediating Effects of Online-Based Leisure Between Parenting Attitudes and Children’s Smartphone Dependency." Korean Journal of Child Studies 42, no. 6 (December 31, 2021): 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2021.42.6.695.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: This study investigated the impact of positive and negative parenting attitudes on smartphone dependency in children to examine the mediating effects of online-based leisure such as computer usage, game, and smartphone usage.Methods: Data of 714 children scoring above the top 30% of smartphone dependency among the children in 5th grade in elementary school were collected through the 2nd wave of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS 2018). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the mediating effects with the Bootstrapping method by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0.Results: In the model, online-based leisure significantly mediated the relationship between positive parenting attitudes such as warmth, autonomy support and structure provision, and smartphone dependency showing complete mediation. Also, negative parenting attitudes such as rejection, coercion, and chaos directly negatively affected smartphone dependency, not showing a mediating effect. Results indicate that increased positive parenting attitudes lead to reduced smartphone dependency through decreasing online-based leisure, while negative parenting attitudes lead to increase dependence on the smartphone.Conclusion: While positive parenting attitudes do not directly affect smartphone dependency, they lead to a decrease in online-based leisure. Consequently, as online-based leisure lessens, smartphone dependency subsequently may also be diminished. In addition, although negative parenting attitudes have no mediating effect, they directly influence the growing smartphone dependency. Results confirm that positive parenting mediate the effects of online-based activities in relation to smartphone dependency when parents provide the most structure, autonomy support, and warmth to their children. Practical implications are discussed, and relevant interventions offered for children and parents.
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Lee, Chien-Hung, Albert Min-Shan Ko, Cheng-Fang Yen, Koung-Shing Chu, Yi-Jun Gao, Saman Warnakulasuriya, Sunarjo, et al. "Betel-quid dependence and oral potentially malignant disorders in six Asian countries." British Journal of Psychiatry 201, no. 5 (November 2012): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundDespite gradual understanding of the multidimensional health consequences of betel-quid chewing, information on the effects of dependent use is scant.AimsTo investigate the 12-month prevalence patterns of betel-quid dependence in six Asian populations and the impact of this dependence on oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD).MethodA multistage random sample of 8922 participants was recruited from Taiwan, mainland China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Participants were evaluated for betel-quid dependency using DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria and assessed clinically for oral mucosal lesions.ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of dependence was 2.8-39.2% across the six Asian samples, and 20.9-99.6% of those who chewed betel-quid were betel-quid dependent. Men dominated the prevalence among the east Asian samples and women dominated the prevalence in south-east Asian samples. ‘Time spent chewing’ and ‘craving’ were the central dependence domains endorsed by the Chinese and southern/south-east Asian samples respectively, whereas the Nepalese samples endorsed ‘tolerance’ and ‘withdrawal’. Dependency was linked to age, gender, schooling years, drinking, smoking, tobacco-added betel-quid use and environmental accessibility of betel-quid. Compared with non-users, those with betel-quid dependency had higher pre-neoplastic risks (adjusted odds ratios 8.0-51.3) than people with non-dependent betel-quid use (adjusted odds ratio 4.5-5.9) in the six Asian populations.ConclusionsBy elucidating differences in domain-level symptoms of betel-quid dependency and individual and environmental factors, this study draws attention to the population-level psychiatric problems of betel-quid chewing that undermine health consequences for OPMD in six Asian communities.
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O'Neill, F. Anthony, and Kenneth S. Kendler. "Longitudinal study of interpersonal dependency in female twins." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, no. 2 (February 1998): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.172.2.154.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundInterpersonal dependence is thought to be important in a number of physical and psychological disorders. There are several developmental theories that suggest environmental influences in childhood are important.MethodA twin study methodology was used to look at the genetic and environmental influences on interpersonal dependence as measured by a sub-scale of the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory with a population-based sample of 2230 twins.ResultsPsychometric analysis revealed that this was a stable measure and that there was a substantial degree of construct validity Both univariate and longitudinal twin analysis suggested that there was a modest genetic influence and a large, specific environment influence on interpersonal dependency as measured by this scale. The longitudinal analysis revealed that the genetic influence was stable over the time-scale sampled and the environmental influence was moderately stable.ConclusionsThis finding is at odds with theories that suggest shared environment is important in the aetiology of interpersonal dependency.
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Aye, Hnin Thu Zar, and Win Pa Pa. "Dependency Head Annotation for Myanmar Dependency Treebank." Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 5, no. 6 (November 2020): 788–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.25046/aj050694.
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Arntz, Arnoud. "Pathological Dependency: Distinguishing Functional from Emotional Dependency." Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 12, no. 4 (May 11, 2006): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpi051.
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Sullivan, Polly. "Dependency Needs And Dependency Care Are Changing." British Journal of Nursing 19, no. 8 (April 2010): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2010.19.8.47636.
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Tornero-Quiñones, Inmaculada, Jesús Sáez-Padilla, Estefanía Castillo Viera, Juan José García Ferrete, and Ángela Sierra Robles. "Risk of Dependence on Sport in Relation to Body Dissatisfaction and Motivation." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 5299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195299.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of dependency on physical exercise in individual sportspeople and the relationship with body dissatisfaction and motivation. Two hundred and twenty-five triathletes, swimmers, cyclists, and athletics competitors aged 18 to 63 years old took part in the study, of which 145 were men (M = 35.57 ± 10.46 years) and 80 were women (M = 32.83 ± 10.31 years). The EDS-R (Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised) was used to study dependency on exercising, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to study body dissatisfaction, the Behaviour Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) was used to determine the participants’ motivation and the BIAQ was used to analyse conducts of avoidance to body image. The obtained results show that 8.5% of the subjects have a risk of dependency on exercise and 18.2% tend to have corporal dissatisfaction, without meaningful differences in the kind of sport they practiced. However, there were important differences concerning the dependency on physical exercise (15% vs. 4.8%) and body dissatisfaction (31.1% vs. 11%) in relation to sex, with the higher percentages referring to women. Introjected regulation and the conduct of food restriction were predictor variables of the dependency on exercise and corporal dissatisfaction. Also, the number and duration of sessions; the age of the participants; the integrated, introjected, and external regulations surrounding social activities; and eating restraints could all predict dependence on physical exercise (DPE).
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Doughty, Jhan D., and Brandon Hunt. "Counseling Clients with Dual Disorders: Information for Rehabilitation Counselors." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 30, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.30.3.8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Persons with dual disorders of psychiatric illness and substance dependence represent a significant portion of clients in mental health, chemical dependency, and/or other rehabilitation programs. Several psychiatric disorders are commonly found in persons with coexisting substance dependence disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and personality disorders. In this paper, dual disorder classifications are discussed as well as information on the prevalence of each disorder. The differing views regarding dual disorders treatment are presented, as well as the models used in chemical dependency, psychiatric, and integrated treatment settings. Implications for rehabilitation counseling and future research needs are also addressed.
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Tian, Xin, Bei Fang, Juhou He, and Xiuqing He. "Bi-LSTM-attention Based on ACNN Model for Disfluency Detection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2303, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2303/1/012018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Disfluencies are self-corrections in spontaneous speech, including filled pauses, repetitions, repairs and false starts. The task of disfluency detection is to identify these disfluencies phenomena in spoken speech and make them consistent with written text. Recent research has applied machine learning and deep learning approaches to disfluency recognition and classification. In addition, long distance dependence is one of the core issues in disfluency detection. In order to solve this problem, most existing approaches had combined plenty of hand-crafted features and words as input. However, hand-crafted model features need lots of time and energy. Some studies reduced the dependence on hand-crafted features, but they ignored the dependence between long sentences. In this article, we consider disfluency detection as a problem of sequence labeling, then apply Bi-LSTM and attention mechanisms to disfluency detection. In particular, on the basis of obtaining the dependency of rough copy by Auto-correlational neural network (ACNN), we improve the ACNN model to handle the long-term dependency, so that we can better capture dependency between words and words. In other words, our method can not only find the rough copy relationship between sentences without additional hand-crafted features, but also obtain the dependency relationship between long sentences. Experiments on commonly used English Switchboard test sets show that our approach achieves good performance compared to previous models that used texts only without other hand-crafted features.
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Iborra-Marmolejo, Isabel, Cristina Aded-Aniceto, Carmen Moret-Tatay, Gloria Bernabé-Valero, María José Jorques-Infante, and María José Beneyto-Arrojo. "Unmasking Elder Abuse: Depression and Dependency in the Post-Pandemic Era." Healthcare 12, no. 15 (July 25, 2024): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12151476.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to analyze elder abuse in people over 65 years of age and its relationship with some risk factors—depression symptoms, dependency, gender and age—in the Spanish population. Methods: A battery of questionnaires was administered to a sample of 167 participants electronically (M = 72.42; SD = 6.46), including the Abbreviated Yesavage Scale to assess depression, the Katz Index for Basic Activities of Daily Living to assess dependency, and the American Medical Association and the Canadian Task Force Questionnaire to assess suspicion of abuse. Results: A prevalence of 40.72% of suspected abuse, of 5.99% of established depression, and of 1.20% of severe dependence was obtained. The prevalence of abuse was higher in the population with dependency (75%) than without dependency (37%). In the case of depression, the prevalence of abuse was 70% for people with established depression and 35.4% for people without depression. Conclusion: Women have higher rates of abuse than men, although this difference is not statistically significant. The same occurs with age. Nevertheless, having established depression and dependency are confirmed risk factors for suffering abuse.
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McFarlane, Bonita L., Thomas M. Beckley, Emily Huddart-Kennedy, Solange Nadeau, and Stephen Wyatt. "Public views on forest management: value orientation and forest dependency as indicators of diversity." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, no. 4 (April 2011): 740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x11-003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Classifying communities as forest dependent based on economic indicators implies that residents of these communities share a utilitarian view of forest management whereby resource extraction and economic benefits are the primary focus. In this study, we test this hypothesis by examining the relationship between forest dependency, value orientation, and views on forest management. Data were collected by mail survey from 1521 residents of the Province of New Brunswick, Canada, in 2007. We classify respondents based on levels of forest dependency of their area of residence and their forest value orientation. We examine variation in beliefs about forest management, goals of forest management, and public involvement across levels of forest dependency and forest value orientation. Results showed some differences among residents from regions with different levels of forest dependence. Considerably greater variation, however, occurred among forest value orientation clusters. This study suggests that regardless of the level of forest dependency, communities comprised a mix of value orientations and that examining populations based on level of forest dependency may mask a plurality of views on forest management within communities.
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Gasiorowski, Mark J. "Dependency and Cliency in Latin America." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 28, no. 3 (1986): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165707.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dependency Theory has become a major paradigm for understanding Latin American politics. Based on the premises that the study of politics must begin with analysis of underlying socio-economic structures, and that these structures cannot be understood without considering a country's role in the world economy, dependency theory provides a cogent analytical framework that has been upheld in numerous empirical studies. The model of politics presented by dependency theorists is a bleak one: because economic dependence polarizes society between a small class of wealthy elites and a large mass of impoverished workers and peasants, politics in dependent societies is reduced, essentially, to class struggle between these highly mismatched forces. Except under unusual circumstances, authoritarianism is the inevitable result.