Tesi sul tema "Dentine – Évolution"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-27 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Dentine – Évolution".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Augoyard, Mathilde. "Covariation des tissus osseux et dentaires chez les humains modernes et tendances évolutives dans la lignée humaine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0480.
Testo completoCortical bone and dentine are two biological tissues sharing a common genetic origin, overall structure, composition, and embryological development, distinct from those of enamel. Various observations suggest the possibility of coordinated postnatal development of these two tissues in hominins. For example, Neandertals display higher cortical bone volumes in their infra-cranial skeleton and greater dentine robustness compared to modern humans, while absolute enamel volumes are similar between the two taxa. Studies of immature Neandertal specimens indicate that their cortical bone and dentine robustness may be present from early developmental stages. In this doctoral research, we aimed to understand whether the structural and developmental affinities between cortical bone and dentine could lead to coordinated postnatal development of these tissues in modern humans. To this end, we measured the coordinated variation of cortical bone and dentine volumes in a sample of modern humans, comprising 12 immature individuals and 70 adults. Using microtomographic acquisitions of the arm, forearm bones, and anterior dentition, we conducted a methodological approach combining the quantification of cortical bone and dentine volumes with the analysis of their topographic distribution. Our results highlight a developmental desynchronization between cortical bone and dentine during the growth of immature individuals, leading to weak covariation between their cortical bone and dentine volumes. The bone-dentine covariation signal is stronger in adults, suggesting that common factors may influence postnatal development of these tissues once skeletal and dental maturation is achieved. This research highlights the predominant role of the hormonal milieu in the postnatal development of these tissues, while the biomechanical history of the skeleton appears to have a more limited impact. A preliminary analysis of bone-dentine covariation was conducted on chimeric individuals of Paranthropus, Australopithecus, and Neandertals. Most of these individuals deviate from the modern human bone-dentine relationship, characterized by higher dentine volumes in fossil taxa and cortical bone volumes similar to those of modern humans. A slowdown in growth and development has been described in Homo sapiens compared to fossil hominins, which may explain the unique bone-dentine relationship seen in this taxon. This doctoral thesis provides an original contribution to the study of bone and dental tissue volumes and distribution in various fossil and extant hominin taxa, offering insights into the impact of genetic, environmental, and evolutionary factors acting on their development
Le, Luyer Mona. "Évolution dentaire dans les populations humaines de la fin du Pléistocène et du début de l’Holocène (19000 – 5500 cal. BP) : une approche intégrée des structures externe et interne des couronnes pour le Bassin aquitain et ses marges". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0003/document.
Testo completoSince the Late Pleistocene, a reduction in size and a morphological simplification of human teeth have been observed and arguably linked to cultural and environmental changes. Following new discoveries along with the revision of key archaeological contexts, a re-assessment of the nature of crown variations on more than 1900 teeth is proposed for 176 Late Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Early Neolithic individuals from the Aquitaine Basin and its margins. In particular, a non-invasive assessment of internal tooth structure variability (enamel thickness, dental tissue proportions, enamel-dentine junction morphology) has been performed using 3D imaging methods (microtomography) and geometric morphometrics in order to characterize and interpret dental evolution from a whole crown perspective. Results from the morphometric analyses show a discontinuity between Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene populations. External dimensions, enamel thicknesses and tissue proportions are reduced in Mesolithic individuals compared to those of the Late Paleolithic, while major differences are observed in occlusal wear patterns and enamel distribution between Mesolithic and Early Neolithic samples. These data suggest that environmentally-driven modifications during the Early Holocene had a major impact on dental reduction in human populations and that Neolithic cultural changes had mostly affected enamel distribution. Finally, a correlation between occlusal wear pattern and enamel thickness distribution is observed and associated with dietary changes. In particular, enamel thickness may have rapidly evolved as a selective response to functional changes in masticatory biomechanics
Santoni, Sylvain. "Denture d'un Sao (Cameroun) : anatomie, anthropologie, évolution". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF1DD03.
Testo completoVernet, Thierry. "Evolution crano-maxillo-dentaire des singes antropoïdes à l'homme actuel". Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX21090.
Testo completoLaborier, Claude. "Évolution de l'ultrastructure de l'émail dentaire chez les campagnols (arvicolidae, rodentia)". Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS037.
Testo completoPasco-Viel, Emmanuel. "Evolution de la denture pharyngienne des Cypriniformes". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0865.
Testo completoCypriniformes are the most diverse freshwater fish clade with around 4,000 species. They are characterized by the absence of oral teeth and the presence of pharyngeal teeth restricted to the fifth ceratobranchials. Yet, compared to other groups, their pharyngeal dentition displays a huge diversity both in terms of number and shape. I have investigated the extant of the diversity of the pharyngeal dentition in Cypriniformes, in a phylogenetic framework, allowing to decipher evolutionary trends. I have studied several groups within Cypriniformes in more details, because of their importance in terms of diversity. I have tried to understand what factors could explain this diversity of pharyngeal dentition and it appeared that those factors could be different according to each group. Whereas diet and other ecological factors are important in Cyprininae, it is not the case in Leuciscinae in which there are essentially phylogenetic signals. In another group, Danioninae, it is the type of development which explains the diversity of pharyngeal dentition. This detailed study of the diversity of pharyngeal dentition in Cypriniformes will allow to use this group as a new model of Evo/devo of teeth thanks to the zebrafish, which is already a model in developmental biology. In this context, a first study of a zebrafish mutant displaying dental defects has shown the role of retinoic acid in the development and the evolution of tooth number and shape in Cypriniformes.This work is an exploration of the diversity of the pharyngeal dentition in Cypriniformes, allowing to point out evolutionary trends and to understand factors that account for the evolution of pharyngeal teeth
Souday, Caroline. "Analyse morphométrique des molaires déciduales et définitives dans le genre Homo : perspectives phylogénétiques et biogéographiques". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0006.
Testo completoWorks concerning hominid phylogeny are confronted to a major problem : the representativeness of the fossil record. In that context, dental remains are of a great interest as they are the best preserved anatomical elements. The morphology of permanent and deciduous molar crowns in the Homo genus was thus analysed by geometric morphometrics approach : radial Fourier transform. The originality of the postcanine teeth morphology among Neandertal has been demonstrated by this approach, as well as their morphological proximity with older European fossils. These results allow us to consider a morphological differentiation from the early middle Pleistocene,eventually earlier, in Europe. In addition, a more detailed analysis on Neandertal variability enabled to show a correlation between morphological distances and geographical distances for the first superior molars
Lazzari, Vincent. "Origine et évolution du plan dentaire "murin" chez les Muroidea (Rodentia, Mammalia) : apports de la paléontologie, de la morphologie fonctionnelle et du développement dans l'étude d'une innovation évolutive". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20192.
Testo completoAlbertini, Henri. "Evolution de l'extrémité céphalique des poissons à l'homme actuel : contribution à la recherche d'une filière dentaire". Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX21910.
Testo completoThiery, Ghislain. "Analyse morpho-fonctionnelle de la topographie dentaire 3d chez les primates actuels et fossiles". Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2294/document.
Testo completoMammalian teeth are a major tool in food cominution and fracture. Conversely, food mechanical properties apply a strong selective pressure on dental morphology. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate whether this adaptive signal can be detected from dental shape in extant and extinct primates.In this context, the 3D dental topography of 31 species of extant primates is analyzed with a combination of traditional and original variables. Furthermore one extinct colobine monkey, Mesopithecus pentelicus from the Late Miocene of Pikermi (Greece) is investigated. The results are interpreted using dietary categories, but also a novel categorization system that evaluates the mechanical scope of food shearing, grinding and cracking.Selected variables show significant differences between dietary categories as well as mechanical scopes across the sample. Moreover, the dental morphology of M. pentelicus is predicted to be intermediate between hard food cracking and tough food shearing taxa.In addition, the new variables show that shearing crests are significantly sharper in tough food shearers, which confirms their suggested role as a dental shearing tool. In contrast, enamel thickness distribution seems more homogenous within durophageous species, which suggests that the whole tooth per se makes the basic cracking tool of primates
Al-Hashimi, Nawfal. "L'énaméline, la plus grande protéine de l'émail dentaire : analyse évolutive chez les Amniotes". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066141.
Testo completoBardet, Claire. "La phosphoglycoprotéine de la matrice extracellulaire, MEPE : origine, fonctions et évolution". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066576.
Testo completoBertin, Thomas. "Dynamics and evolution of dental replacement in Amniota". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1323.
Testo completoDental replacement consists in the formation of a new tooth which will come take the place of a former tooth, allowing for a renewal of the dental tissues as well as their environment (periodontium). To understand the evolution and the dynamics of tooth replacement, it is necessary to search for a relevant biological model. Because of the strong link between the replacement of teeth and periodontal tissues, I searched the diversity and evolutionary history of tooth replacement, attachment and implantation in extant and fossil amniotes. This work presented two objectives: clarify the terminology associated with replacement, implantation and attachment and review the current knowledges and hypothesis concerning the diversity and the evolution of the three features. In a second part, I studied continuous tooth replacement in archosaurians which present a continuous tooth replacement. First I investigated the teeth of the last groups of toothed-birds. To study the developmental mechanisms of continuous replacement, I studied the mechanisms of dental replacement in the Nile crocodile, through X-ray MicroCT. Nile crocodile’s embryos present two type of teeth. The study of the genetic expression of the Notch pathway revealed that surface teeth and submerged teeth present a very similar development, and the main difference is the interruption of the development in the earliest. The Notch pathway also seems to be involved in tooth replacement in this species. In a third part, I studied one alternative to tooth replacement in group which lost the continuous tooth replacement. To do so, I studied the common warthog and the different adaptations of its dentition to highly abrasive diet. I mainly focused of the process of mesial drift, and all the physiological processes associated with drift to understand and recognize this phenomenon
Zanolli, Clément. "L'organisation endostructurale de restes dentaires humains du Pléistocène inférieur final-moyen initial d'Indonésie et d'Afrique, avec une attention particulière à Homo erectus s. S. : caractérisation comparative à haute résolution et problématiques taxinomiques". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MNHN0033.
Testo completoSince the early discovery of Pithecanthropus (Homo) erectus in 1891 at Trinil, a number of Pleistocene vertebrate remains have been unearthed in the island of Java, Indonesia. The paleoanthropological record available so far includes a total of ca. 230 dental elements. However, while most specimens belong to H. Erectus s. S. , some have been tentatively attributed to other hominid taxa (e. G. , Meganthropus paleojavanicus, Pithecanthropus dubius), or are still pending attribution. This taxonomic incertitude probably results from the eustatic variations which have cyclically affected the Indonesian archipelago during the Quaternary, allowing the formation of temporary land-bridges and, therefore, to intermittent exchanges with the Asian mainland. In this dynamic scenario, it is likely that isolation phases have periodically shaped the local biodiversity. In order to bring new elements to the taxonomic debate on the Javanese hominid fossil record, we applied methods developed in "virtual" paleoanthropology to characterize the inner structural morphology in a largely unpublished sample of late Lower-early Middle Pleistocene dental remains from the Sangiran area. For comparative purposes, we also integrated in our analysis extant and extinct Pongo teeth. To explore the structural variation shown by a human sample of comparable age from a mainland context, we have also detailed at high-resolution the teeth of the H. Heidelbergensis African series from Tighenif, Algeria, as well as two H. Erectus/ergaster specimens from the site of Buia, Eritrea. As a whole, the results of the comparative analyses dealing with the external morpho-dimensional features, the 2-3D dental tissue proportions, the enamel topographic distribution, the geometric morphometric assessment of the enamel-dentine junction and of the pulp chamber point to the presence at Sangiran of at least two penecontemporaneous hominid taxa
Gasse, Barbara. "Les phosphoprotéines sécrétées liant le calcium (SCPP) impliquées dans la formation de l'émail dentaire : expression chez le lézard Anolis carolinensis et évolution chez les amniotes". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066066/document.
Testo completoEnamel formation requires the involvement of secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins. Three of them, amelogenin (AMEL), ameloblastin (AMBN) and enamelin (ENAM), have been extensively studied in mammals. More recently, a fourth protein belonging to the same family has been identified: amelotin (AMTN). AMTN has only been studied in rodents and its role during amelogenesis remains unclear.The aim of this thesis is to extend the knowledge on AMTN by studying its evolution in amniotes and its expression in the lizard Anolis carolinensis.AMTN sequences from many amniote species have been extracted from databases or obtained by PCR, and analyzed. Those analyses allowed us to reveal differences in the gene structure and to highlight residues that were conserved during mammalian or amniote evolution. These conserved amino acids are essential to the structure and/or function of the protein.The expression of AMTN and of AMEL, AMBN and ENAM has been studied by in situ hybridization on lizard jaw sections. Comparison of the expression pattern of these genes during amelogenesis in the lizard with that described in rodents points to similarities (AMEL, AMBN and ENAM) but also to important differences, especially in the spatio-temporal expression of AMTN. In order to better understand AMTN evolution in tetrapods, I studied its expression in an amphibian (Pleurodeles waltl) and a marsupial (Monodelphis domestica).Taken together, these results suggest a link between the evolution of AMTN gene structure (loss of exons and of functional domains in mammals) and its expression (early in non-mammals versus late in mammals) with the emergence of prismatic structure of enamel in early mammals
Acquaviva, Michèle. "Evolution et variabilité du volume pulpaire de la canine mandibulaire humaine : applications des techniques d'analyse d'images numérisées". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX20679.
Testo completoDelgado, Christophe Sidney. "L'Amélogénine, protéine majeure de l'émail dentaire : origine, analyses évolutive et phylogénétique chez les Amniotes et recherche de son expression lors de la formation des dents de Chalcides viridanus (Squamate,Scincidé)". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077066.
Testo completoGasse, Barbara. "Les phosphoprotéines sécrétées liant le calcium (SCPP) impliquées dans la formation de l'émail dentaire : expression chez le lézard Anolis carolinensis et évolution chez les amniotes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066066.
Testo completoEnamel formation requires the involvement of secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins. Three of them, amelogenin (AMEL), ameloblastin (AMBN) and enamelin (ENAM), have been extensively studied in mammals. More recently, a fourth protein belonging to the same family has been identified: amelotin (AMTN). AMTN has only been studied in rodents and its role during amelogenesis remains unclear.The aim of this thesis is to extend the knowledge on AMTN by studying its evolution in amniotes and its expression in the lizard Anolis carolinensis.AMTN sequences from many amniote species have been extracted from databases or obtained by PCR, and analyzed. Those analyses allowed us to reveal differences in the gene structure and to highlight residues that were conserved during mammalian or amniote evolution. These conserved amino acids are essential to the structure and/or function of the protein.The expression of AMTN and of AMEL, AMBN and ENAM has been studied by in situ hybridization on lizard jaw sections. Comparison of the expression pattern of these genes during amelogenesis in the lizard with that described in rodents points to similarities (AMEL, AMBN and ENAM) but also to important differences, especially in the spatio-temporal expression of AMTN. In order to better understand AMTN evolution in tetrapods, I studied its expression in an amphibian (Pleurodeles waltl) and a marsupial (Monodelphis domestica).Taken together, these results suggest a link between the evolution of AMTN gene structure (loss of exons and of functional domains in mammals) and its expression (early in non-mammals versus late in mammals) with the emergence of prismatic structure of enamel in early mammals
Labonne, Gaëlle. "Modèle de développement et évolution du patron dentaire chez les rongeurs actuels et fossiles : radiation adaptative et émergence de phénotype : le cas des Arvicolinae (Rodentia)". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS086/document.
Testo completoThe evolution of mammalian dentition is defined by profound morphological modifications as occlusion and heterodonty. Among rodents, characterized by a reduced dental formula, arvicolines have a highly derived dentition, with prismatic and hypsodont molars. The aim of this Ph.D thesis is to explore various morphological innovations through developmental and adaptive aspects. Geometric morphometric methods were used on molars, incisors and mandibles to investigate the dynamics of development and evolution of dentition. A developmental model predicting molar proportions is tested and confirmed for the rodent order; it could be also extended to the premolar. The relationship between dental morphology, in particular molar proportions, and diet is complex, diet being not directly inferred from one morphological trait. Yet, covariations between molars inform on masticatory movement and thus on function. Our results confirmed that morphologies could be understood from a complex combination of historical, functional and developmental constraints. The various structures of the mandible have a complex hierarchical organization. The development of mammalian dentition is controlled by similar processes but through times, mechanisms as heterochrony may lead to a diversification of phenotypes
Pourreyron, Laurence. "Analyse d'un système de reconstitution corono-radiculaire collé : contribution à son évolution par l'étude des interfaces, interphases et des propriétés physico-chimiques". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05M108.
Testo completoLe, Cabec Adeline. "Anterior dental loading and root morphology in Neanderthals". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1936/.
Testo completoDistinguishing Neanderthal and modern human incisors and canines can be challenging in the case of isolated teeth found in museum collections, or from unclear stratigraphic contexts. In addition, the crown morphology cannot be used in the case of heavily worn teeth. A preliminary study based on limited samples and linear measurements (Bailey, 2005) proposed that root length alone can taxonomically discriminate Neanderthals from Upper Paleolithic and extant modern humans. This thesis investigates whether this remains true for a broader chronological and geographical sample of Neanderthals and modern humans, using micro-computed tomography. In addition to the taxonomic interest of investigating root size and shape, we discuss the functional implications of the anterior root morphology in the context of the 'teeth-as-tools' hypothesis and of para-masticatory activities. The first part was published as: Le Cabec, A. , Kupczik, K. , Gunz, P. , Braga, J. , and Hublin, J. J. (2012). Long Anterior Mandibular Tooth Roots in Neanderthals Are Not the Result of their Large Jaws. Journal of Human Evolution, 63, pp. 667-681. DOI: 10. 1016/j. Jhevol. 2012. 07. 003. This part validates root length as a taxonomical tool to distinguish late Neanderthals from Upper Paleolithic and recent modern humans. Despite the absence of correlation between root size and symphyseal size, Neanderthals have large roots for the size of their jaws. It is hypothesized that the short roots of extant modern humans result from a negative allometry. The second part was published as: Le Cabec, A. , Gunz, P. , Kupczik, K. , Braga, J. And Hublin, J. J. (2013). Anterior Tooth Root Morphology and Size in Neanderthals: Taxonomic and Functional Implications. Journal of Human Evolution, 64, pp. 169-193. DOI: 10. 1016/j. Jhevol. 2012. 08. 011. Root morphology is explored across a chronologically and geographically large sample of fossil and extant hominids. Longer roots in Neanderthals may have resulted from the retention of an ancestral condition. The debated taxonomic attribution of some specimens is discussed in light of anterior tooth root morphology and shows that root length alone should not be sufficient for taxonomic diagnosis. The frequent presence of hypercementosis and its non-homogeneous distribution around the root apex in Neanderthal anterior teeth could reflect the loading regime exerted on the front teeth, likely used as a third hand
Pan, Lei. "The earliest members of the genus Homo in South Africa : evidence from inner structure of lower postcanine dentition". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30087/document.
Testo completoThis thesis consists of two individual projects and six chapters, which are based on the examination of dental inner structure of lower postcanine dentition in a number of fossil and modern specimens, through which a comprehensive study has been done using micro-computed tomography and computer-assisted paleonanthropology tools. We first documented and assessed the taxonomical value of enamel thickness and 3D whole-crown enamel thickness distribution patterns in a number of earliest members of the genus Homo in South Africa, and looked into the taxonomic relavence of EDJ morphology along postcanine dentition, and discussed the possible adaptive/developmental factors that account for the variation of EDJ morphology we observed here. The first three chapters (Introduction, Materials and Methods) provide an overview of the objectives of this thesis, and review previous studies. Also, they provide a detailed introduction of fossil materials, sites and a background of computer-aided method (micro-XCT) to analyze the dental inner structure. The Results chapter comprises of two independent research papers, in different stages of submission and publication. The Results and Discussion chapters offer an extensive summary of enamel thickness, EDJ geometric morphometrics and 3D-EDJ metameric variation between species, and compare the results with a number of morphological and developmental studies, and provide an outlook of future study. The last chapter reaches the conclusive points of this thesis, it highlights the taxonomical value of premolar EDJ, and emphasizes the mosaic features of the dentition of South African early Homo
Bedarida, Sandra. "Histoire naturelle et diversité génétique des virus de la famille anelloviridae : étude de prélèvements biologiques contemporains et anciens". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5033.
Testo completoAnelloviridae are small single-stranded DNA viruses, recently discovered, and widely spread among vertebrates. In humans, three distinct genera were characterised: Alphatorquevirus (TTV), Betatorquevirus (TTMV), Gammatorquevirus (TTMDV), leading to a chronic infection whose pathogenicity remains unknown. Their epidemiology is constantly evolving due to their extreme variability and genetic diversity. In this multidisciplinary research, combining virology, bioanthropology and palaeomicrobiology, we have used genetic analysis to explore the natural history of those viruses via two linked issues. On the one hand, the genetic diversity was analysed by way of a cross-sectional study within contemporary populations (French and Afghan) and ancient populations from the Neolithic period to Modern times. On the other hand, their evolution was studied at the individual level through a longitudinal study in two corpora (follow-ups of a transplanted patient and haemodialysis patients). In order to complement data regarding this unique viral family, a methodological process was established to improve and standardize existing analysis protocols. Comparison of Anelloviridae's distributions among several healthy contemporary populations allowed us to notice significant differences of partitions, especially an almost complete absence of TTMDV in the Afghan sample. Our methodology dedicated to ancient remains displayed the presence of Anelloviridae strains, testifying their ancestral origin and highlighting inter- and intra-individual variations, similar to infections in modern populations
Beaudet, Amélie. "Caractérisation des structures crânio-dentaires internes des cercopithécoïdes et étude diachronique de leurs variations morphologiques dans la séquence Plio-Pléistocène sud-africaine". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30297/document.
Testo completoThe temporal, geographical and environmental frameworks of the early hominin emergence and evolution in South Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene are key elements for the understanding of the human lineage history. The cercopithecoids, relatively abundant in the African Neogene fossiliferous deposits and almost invariably associated with hominin remains, represent sensitive biochronological markers and ecological indicators. However, based on traditional morphological criteria only, the systematics of the cercopithecoid fossil record remains uncertain. In order to better characterize their paleobiodiversity, by means of high-resolution imaging techniques we have detailed 91 South African cercopithecoid craniodental specimens from the sites of Makapansgat, Taung, Sterkfontein, Kromdraai and Swartkrans. More specifically, we measured and compared the variation in dental endostructural organization, bony labyrinth conformation and endocranial architecture through the application of statistical and virtual modeling methods (e.g., geometric morphometrics, deformation-based models). For comparative purposes, we also integrated in our analyses a sample consisting of 80 extant cercopithecoid specimens. Besides the identification of some new characters suitable for the diagnosis of fossil taxa, our results reveal biomarkers useful for the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental and biochronological contexts, notably based on the enamel-dentine junction morphology and the neocortical architecture. The paleobiodiversity assessment highlights a certain degree of morphological homogeneity for some of the papionin taxa and suggests a reduction of the number of species actually present in the South African fossiliferous deposits
Gutierrez, Eléa. "Évolution des pratiques du sevrage à Montréal (XVIIe – XIXe siècles) : analyse isotopique des concentrations en azote 15 par micro-échantillonnage de la dentine". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21905.
Testo completoToupin, Rémi. "Évolution des pratiques alimentaires en cours de vie : une étude isotopique multi-matérielle de la population du cimetière Saint-Matthew (Québec, 1771-1860)". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13412.
Testo completoAs a population consisting mainly of immigrants, the Protestants buried in Saint-Matthew’s cemetery, Quebec City (1771-1860) during the 19th century had to adapt to a new environment, and therefore new resources, when they first settled in Quebec. On the other hand, the 18th and 19th centuries saw important socio-economic changes with the coming of the Industrial Revolution, and Quebec City, with its important port, was at the heart of those changes. The objective of this study is to evaluate if the stable isotope geochemistry of several materials of the human skeleton (bone collagen, bone apatite, dentinal collagen and enamel carbonate) can help us understand how dietary behaviours have evolved throughout the life of some individuals (n=40) buried in this cemetery. As diet is closely related to socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions, it can inform us about individual adaptation and identity through a person’s lifespan. It is in this cultural ecology perspective that we approached this research and the data previously obtained by Morland (2009) and Caron (2013). Our data corroborate those acquired previously on bone collagen by showing that these individuals maintained a European-style diet, and originated mainly from the British Isles. They also show a significant increase in C4 plant (maize, sugarcane, etc.) consumption through adulthood amongst 36 of the 40 individuals that we analyzed, as well as a decrease of protein intake. Our results also indicate a generalized tendency to keep the same dietary profile in the population through life, even if practices became less variable during adulthood. Finally, dietary behaviors show similarites with Irish and poor British populations of the same period for childhood, where as they look more like populations from the St. Lawrence Valley later in life, particularly for protein intake. Therefore, our results suggest important dietary shifts for the individuals we studied, possibly strongly related to their migration process and adaptative response to a new environment.
Savignac, Katia. "Stomatite prothétique, candidose orale et leur évolution dans le temps". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5752.
Testo completoObjectives: To assess the evolution of denture stomatitis in term of frequency and severity and its association with potential risk factors over a two-year period. Methods: One hundred thirty five healthy edentulous elders who were randomly rehabilitated with a maxillary complete denture opposed by a conventional denture or an implant-supported overdenture retained by two ball attachments were followed over two years. Demographic and clinical data concerning oral and general health, smoking, denture status and hygienic habits were obtained from oral examination and standard questionnaires. Denture stomatitis was evaluated according to Newton’s classification. Microbiological analyses consist of detection of Candida species in denture plaque and inoculation in selective growth medium. Pearson Chi-square and McNemar tests were used to analyse the frequency of denture stomatitis, its association with potential risk factors and it’s evolution over time. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the strength of association between risk factors and denture stomatitis. Results: The prevalence of denture stomatitis increased between the first (63.6%) and second year follow-up (88.7%) with an incidence rate of 78.8%. Those individuals suffering from type 2 or type 3 denture stomatitis and who brushed their palate had approximately 6 times more chance of observing a decrease in the severity of their condition [p=0.04 OR 5.88 CI (1.1-32.2)]. There was no statistically significant association between the frequency of denture stomatitis and classical risk factors at both follow-ups. The carriage rate of Candida species remained stable over time (45.8% and 49.2% first and second year of follow-up consecutively, p > 0.05). There was no association between the presence of oral candidiosis and denture stomatitis or its potential risk factors. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that denture stomatitis progresses overtime independent of Candida carriage. Palatal brushing could be a preventive approach to minimise the inflammation in individuals suffering from type 2 or type 3 denture stomatitis.