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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Delusions"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Delusions"

Hayashi, Naoki, Yoshito Igarashi e Hirohiko Harima. "Delusion progression process from the perspective of patients with psychoses: A descriptive study based on the primary delusion concept of Karl Jaspers". PLOS ONE 16, n. 4 (27 aprile 2021): e0250766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250766.

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Background Delusion occupies an important position in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with psychoses. Although Karl Jaspers’ concept of the primary delusion (PD) is a key hypothesis in descriptive phenomenology concerning the primordial experience of delusion, to our knowledge it has not been verified in empirical studies of patients with psychosis, and the relationship between PDs and fully developed delusions remains unclear. Methods The subjects were 108 psychiatric patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had persisting delusions. This investigation used a newly devised semi-structured interview, the Delusion and its Origin Assessment Interview (DOAI), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. PDs enquired about in the DOAI were delusional perception, delusional memory, delusional mood, and delusional intuition. Associations of PDs with delusion themes and delusion features extracted from DOAI items by factor analysis were examined using correlational and MANCOVA regression analyses. Reliability studies of the DOAI were also conducted. Results The reliability and correlation analyses suggested robust psychometric properties of the DOAI. The percentages of subjects reporting PD phenomena as delusion origins and currently present were 93% and 84%, respectively. MANCOVA revealed several significant associations, including between delusional perception and delusional mood and persecutory themes, between delusional intuition and grandiose delusions, and between delusional perception and intuition and systematization of delusions. Discussion This study demonstrates that PDs can be considered as principal origins of delusions by subjects with psychosis, and have meaningful connections with the characteristics of their fully developed delusions. The associations between PDs and delusion characteristics can be interpreted in terms of progression processes of delusions, which are seen as intensification and generalization of cognitive and affective pathologies in PDs. The findings are also consistent with the neurobiological hypothesis that aberrant salience attribution to stimuli, as in PDs, is the primary phenomenon caused by abnormal dopamine system regulation. Further studies are needed to clarify delusion progression processes relating to PDs and to substantiate their clinical meanings.

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FREEMAN, D., P. A. GARETY e E. KUIPERS. "Persecutory delusions: developing the understanding of belief maintenance and emotional distress". Psychological Medicine 31, n. 7 (ottobre 2001): 1293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170100455x.

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Background. The objective of the study was to develop the cognitive understanding of persecutory delusions. It was hypothesized that safety behaviours contribute to the persistence of persecutory delusions by preventing disconfirmation. It was further hypothesized that emotional distress is associated with aspects of the content of delusions. An investigation was designed to establish whether individuals with persecutory delusions use safety behaviours, and to test predicted associations between delusion content and emotional distress.Method. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 25 individuals with persecutory delusions. A detailed assessment was made of the presence of safety behaviours, the content of delusions and emotional distress.Results. All participants had used at least one safety behaviour in the last month, most typically avoidance. Higher levels of anxiety were associated with greater use of safety behaviours. New data were obtained on the content of persecutory delusions. Aspects of the content of the delusions were associated with levels of depression, self-esteem, anxiety and delusional distress.Conclusions. Individuals with persecutory delusions use safety behaviours. The findings may develop the understanding of delusion persistence, acting upon delusions and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. There are implications for cognitive interventions for psychosis. Support was also found for the hypothesis that emotional distress is linked to the content of delusional beliefs; it is speculated that prior emotional distress influences the content of delusions, and that delusion content in turn influences levels of emotional distress.

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Tzeng, Ray-Chang, Ching-Fang Tsai, Ching-Tsu Wang, Tzu-Yuan Wang e Pai-Yi Chiu. "Delusions in Patients with Dementia with Lewy Bodies and the Associated Factors". Behavioural Neurology 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6707291.

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Objective. Delusions are common neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The aim of this study was to investigate the associated factors of delusions in patients with DLB. Method. A retrospective study of outpatients with DLB registered in a regional hospital’s database was performed. The associated factors including cognitive performance, clinical features, vascular risk factors, and neuropsychiatric symptoms between delusional and nondelusional patients with DLB were compared. Results. Among 207 patients with DLB, 106 (51.2%) were delusional and 101 (48.8%) were not. Delusion of other persons are stealing was the most common symptom (35.3%). The delusional group had a significantly higher diagnostic rate of probable than possible DLB, higher disease severity, poorer cognitive performance, more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, and higher caregiver burden (all p<0.05). In addition, the delusional group had a significantly lower frequency of diabetes compared to the nondelusional group (odds ratio=0.28, p<0.001). Conclusion. Delusion of other persons are stealing was the most common delusional symptom. The patients with DLB who presented with delusions had poorer cognitive function and more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. A novel finding is that the DLB patients with diabetes had a lower frequency of delusions.

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Borrelli, D., R. Ottoni, S. Maffei, N. Fascendini, C. Marchesi e M. Tonna. "The psychopathological trajectories to delusion in Schizophrenia: the affective and schizotypal pathways". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (giugno 2022): S762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1968.

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Introduction Delusions are a key feature of schizophrenia psychopathology. From a phenomenological approach, Jaspers (1913) differentiates between “primary” or true schizophrenic delusions, defined as an unmediated phenomenon that cannot be understood in terms of prior psychological origin or motivation, and “secondary” delusions, understandable from the patient’s mood state or personality. Primary delusions have been considered the hallmark of reality distorsion dimension in schizophrenia, disregarding a possible affective patwhay to delusional belief. Objectives The present study was aimed at elucidating the psychopathological trajectories to delusion in schizophrenia through the investigation of both affective and schizotypal trait dispositions. Methods Seventy-eight participants affected by schizophrenia were administered the Peters Delusional Inventory (PDI), the Positive and Negative Affective Scale (PANAS), the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), the Referential Thinking Scale (REF), the Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) and the Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS). Results The severity of delusional ideation (PDI) was positively related to both affective (PANAS positive dimension, ESS) and schizotypal traits (MIS, PAS and REF). Moreover, referential thinking (REF) mediated the relationship between “magical ideation” (MIS) and delusions severity (Fig. 1), whereas experience of shame (ESS) was a moderating factor in the between referential thinking and delusion severity (Fig. 2). Conclusions The study findings suggest that in schizophrenia patients, severity of delusions is underpinned by an intertwining of both affective and schizotypal pathways. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Ningsih, Cahya. "An Analysis of Delusion on Alex in Francesca Zappia’s Made You Up". Journal of Literature, Linguistics, & Cultural Studies 1, n. 1 (31 ottobre 2022): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/lilics.v1i1.2231.

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Delusions are deeply held beliefs or false impressions, even though they contradict reality and what is generally thought to be true. This study uses the theory of literary criticism because literary criticism focuses on literary works. The researcher analyzed the delusional disorder experienced by Alex using literary criticism theory with a psychological approach. This study aims to examine Alex's mental disorder in the book Made You Up using delusional theory within the scope of Literary Psychology. The researcher tries to find the dominant form of delusion experienced by the character and how the delusion affects personality development. The data is taken from the memoir Made You Up by Francesca Zappia in the form of sentences, conversations, and statements. Data were analyzed using the delusional theory by Leeser and O'Donohue. This study aims to examine as well as distinguish several types of delusions that occur. Therefore, this study will examine the sequence by sequence that occurs in the book. In this study, the results showed that Alex's delusions included threatening feelings, and having beliefs that were considered subjective. Then how do delusions affect Alex's personality development where he becomes emotional quickly, feels excessively anxious, and becomes depressed because he locks himself up in his room a lot. Some delusions are quick and immediate, while others are more enduring and persist over a long period. Keywords: literary criticism, psychology, mental disorder, delusion

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Lemonde, Ann-Catherine, Ridha Joober, Ashok Malla, Srividya Iyer, Martin Lepage, Patricia Boksa e Jai Shah. "M114. DELUSIONAL CONTENT AT INITIAL PRESENTATION TO A CATCHMENT-BASED EARLY INTERVENTION SERVICE FOR PSYCHOSIS". Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (aprile 2020): S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.426.

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Abstract Background During a psychotic episode, patients frequently suffer from severe maladaptive beliefs known as delusions. Despite the abundant literature investigating the simple presence or absence of these beliefs, there exists little detailed knowledge regarding their actual content and severity at the onset of illness. Investigating delusions in early clinical samples is critical, because their relatively young, treatment-naïve presentations are less likely to be confounded by the effects of long-term illness or previous interventions. Furthermore, a more detailed view of the association between clinical factors and delusion severity, both globally and per theme, in a larger and more representative sample may improve psychological models and ultimately treatment options. This study reports on delusions during the initiation of indicated treatment for a first episode psychosis (FEP). Methods Data were systematically collected from a sample of 637 service users entering an early intervention service for FEP. The FEP service provides a comprehensive standardized assessment battery with longitudinal follow-up for two years of treatment. The average severity and frequency of each delusional theme at baseline was reported using the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Delusional severity, both globally and per theme, was examined across a number of sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results Delusions of a moderate severity or higher were present in the vast majority of individuals experiencing onset of a FEP (94.0%), with persecutory (77.7%), reference (65.5%), and grandiose (40.2%) being the most common themes. Eighty-one percent of service users presented with two or more delusion themes. Persecutory delusions remained consistent in severity across diagnoses, but were more severe with older age of onset (r = .144). No meaningful differences in delusional severity were observed across sex, affective versus non-affective psychosis, or presence/absence of substance abuse or dependence. Global delusion severity was associated with anxiety (r = .205) but not with depression (r = .052), with specific relationships emerging per theme. Delusions commonly referred to as passivity experiences and/or thought alienation, mind reading delusions (r = .242) and delusions of control (r = .247), were related to hallucinatory experiences. We will also examine delusions longitudinally by investigating their relationship to the duration of untreated psychosis and outcomes, along with the stability of delusional content across episodes. Discussion Unlike the more selected samples, confounded treatment effects, and/or varying levels of chronicity seen in previous reports, this community representative sample offers a rare clinical lens into the severity and content of delusions in FEP. While delusional severity remained consistent across certain sociodemographic and clinical variables, this was not always the case. Future work may wish to investigate the evolution of delusions over time, including focusing on specific themes and/or their overlaps, including with smaller samples and in-depth, phenomenologically oriented interviews.

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Migliorelli, R., G. Petracca, A. Tesón, L. Sabe, R. Leiguarda e S. E. Starkstein. "Neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological correlates of delusions in Alzheimer's disease". Psychological Medicine 25, n. 3 (maggio 1995): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700033420.

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SYNOPSISWe examined the prevalence, phenomenology, and clinical correlates of delusions in a consecutive series of 103 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients were examined with the Present State Exam and the Dementia–Psychosis Scale. Twenty-one patients (20%) met DSM-III-R criteria for a delusional disorder. The most frequent delusion type was paranoid (71%), followed by hypochondriacal (67%), the Capgras syndrome (29%), house misidentification (29%), and grandiose delusions (29%). Out of the 21 AD patients with delusions, 76% had three or more different types of delusions simultaneously. The frequency of delusions was not significantly associated with age, education, or age at dementia onset, and the type and severity of cognitive impairments was similar for AD patients with and without delusions. However, AD patients with delusions had significantly higher mania and anosognosia scores.

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Porta Pelayo, D., e L. López Alonso. "The delusion of aurora (a structural and dynamic analysis)". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzo 2016): S533—S534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1974.

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IntroductionThe classical authors associate the insanity with delusions, without delusions there was not insanity. This axiom has changed nowadays, and it's also accepted that insanity can exist without delusions.AimWe aim to know and describe which factors are involved in the development of the delusion. Use these conclusions to drive the patient to the comprehension and acceptance of the reality.Objective(a) Unravel the mechanism of delusion, (b) seek the causes, (c) find out an explanation about the origin and development of the delusional thematic.MethodClinical biographic review, carried on in 2 steps: (a) review the delusions store in the Hermanas Hospitalarias Spanish hospitals (17 centres), (b) choose one of them, (c) use the inductive method for analyzing the details and for making conclusions in order to be apply in the delusional process.Results(a) Understand the internal dynamic of delusion and how the delusion becomes the main axis of the patient life. (b) The patient finds on the delusion a life motive, which did not exist before.ConclusionParaphrasing Dr.Castilla del Pino, “the delusion is a necessary mistake”. From the emotional point of view, it can be said “the delusion is a cry of a captured heart”.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Talasman, Ana-Anca, e Alexandra Dolfi. "Differential diagnosis: delusional disorder- somatic type vs anorexia nervosa". Romanian Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 20, n. 2 (30 giugno 2018): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjpp.2018.2.9.

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Delusional disorder is an illness characterized by at least 1 month of delusions but no other psychotic symptoms, according to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). (1) Somatic delusions are among the most frequent types of delusion encountered for inpatients, alongside persecutory, referential, grandiose and jealousy type. The differential diagnosis with psychosis is the first to be done and it's suggested by the fact that delusions are persistent and non-bizarre. (2,3) Then all somatic and psychiatric conditions associated with development of delusions must be eliminated. We present the case of a 38-year-old female with delusional disorder-somatic type who was admitted with conflicting symptoms suggesting rather anorexia nervosa associated with somatic symptom disorder. But after a thorough interview and a few days of admission, the delusional symptoms came out and the diagnosis became clear.

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Freeman, Daniel, Jonathan Bradley, Angus Antley, Emilie Bourke, Natalie DeWeever, Nicole Evans, Emma Černis et al. "Virtual reality in the treatment of persecutory delusions: Randomised controlled experimental study testing how to reduce delusional conviction". British Journal of Psychiatry 209, n. 1 (luglio 2016): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.176438.

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BackgroundPersecutory delusions may be unfounded threat beliefs maintained by safety-seeking behaviours that prevent disconfirmatory evidence being successfully processed. Use of virtual reality could facilitate new learning.AimsTo test the hypothesis that enabling patients to test the threat predictions of persecutory delusions in virtual reality social environments with the dropping of safety-seeking behaviours (virtual reality cognitive therapy) would lead to greater delusion reduction than exposure alone (virtual reality exposure).MethodConviction in delusions and distress in a real-world situation were assessed in 30 patients with persecutory delusions. Patients were then randomised to virtual reality cognitive therapy or virtual reality exposure, both with 30 min in graded virtual reality social environments. Delusion conviction and real-world distress were then reassessed.ResultsIn comparison with exposure, virtual reality cognitive therapy led to large reductions in delusional conviction (reduction 22.0%, P = 0.024, Cohen's d = 1.3) and real-world distress (reduction 19.6%, P = 0.020, Cohen's d = 0.8).ConclusionCognitive therapy using virtual reality could prove highly effective in treating delusions.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Delusions"

Collinge, M. R. "The relationship between childhood abuse and delusions : an investigation based on delusional content". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445390/.

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Psychotic illness is associated in the literature with abuse in childhood (Read, van Os, Morrison, & Ross, 2005). This literature is reviewed, focussing on the relationship between childhood abuse and delusions. The review looks to the abuse literature to suggest ways that psychological sequelae of abuse might fit with existing theories of delusions to offer a more comprehensive understanding of their origins. It is argued that current psychological models of delusions do not deal adequately with the impact of childhood abuse. A greater appreciation of this relationship is theoretically important, but also has crucial implications for the accuracy of formulations and the appropriateness of treatment.

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Leafhead, Katherine M. "Delusions and attentional bias". Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5007/.

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A research method for investigating delusional beliefs is outlined by adopting the delusional belief that one is dead (the Cotard delusion) as a model delusion. Detailed analyses of published case reports of the Cotard delusion demonstrate that the term 'syndrome' as it is currently applied to the belief that one is dead is not helpful in terms of our understanding of the delusion. Four new case studies of the Cotard delusion suggest that preoccupation with belief may play a role in the formation and maintenance of delusions. Preoccupation with delusional belief was investigated using a variant of the 'emotional' Stroop paradigm, commonly used in investigating anxiety disorders. Three individuals with the Cotard delusion, and diagnosed as suffering from depression, showed attentional biases toward words related to the theme of death. Two of the individuals had no history of anxiety and showed no bias toward words related to generalised anxiety. It was therefore suggested that the locus of attentional biases in delusions may be preoccupation with delusional belief, rather than anxiety per se. Consistent with this, a patient with fixed grandiose delusional beliefs, diagnosed with schizophrenia, and not suffering from anxiety, showed attentional bias toward words related to his delusional beliefs. Attentional bias failed to be demonstrated in a group of people with delusions arising in the context of schizophrenia, and reasons for this are discussed. Finally, three groups of individuals, who were free form any form of psychopathology, each showed a trend towards longer colour-naming times towards words related to their respective interests, but none of these were significant. It is concluded that attentional biases in delusions serve to reinforce delusional beliefs by constantly focusing die individual's attention onto delusion- relevant material. Implications for further research are discussed.

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Dudley, Robert Edward James. "Reasoning biases and delusions". Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5190/.

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We know little about the formation and maintenance of delusional beliefs. Two main approaches have dominated the scant literature. These seek to account for delusions as primarily disturbances of perception (Maher, 1988) or as differences in reasoning (Garety, 1991). The concern here is with reasoning biases. Garety and Hemsley (1994) have proposed a model in which delusions’ are caused by a "failure to utilise previously acquired information". This leads to people with delusions exhibiting characteristic information processing biases in reasoning (i.e. hastiness and overconfidence). The aim of the present research was to compare the performance on reasoning tasks of people with delusions with that of psychiatric and normal control subjects in order to examine whether these subjects exhibited die proposed characteristics of delusional thought. The reasoning tasks were manipulated in both the form of reasoning (deductive, probabilistic etc.) and in content to examine the effect of reasoning with different types of material (neutral or emotional).The results of the six studies demonstrated both abnormal and normal reasoning by people with delusions. These people were no more confident than control subjects in the certainty of the correctness of their answers (Experiment 2). Nor were people with delusions excessively swayed by information currently present in the environment (Experiments 1 and 5) which is a supposed consequence of the inability to use past experience. However, people with delusions were shown to be hasty in their decisions relative to comparison subjects (Experiment 5). This hastiness was further exaggerated when the material reasoned with was self referent in content (Experiment 6). In addition, people with delusions were significantly poorer at reasoning on one of the most researched paradigms the Wason Selection Task (Experiments 3 and 4). The relevance of these findings for theories of delusions was examined.

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Garety, Philippa A. "Reasoning, rationality and delusions : studies in the concepts, characteristics and rationality of delusions". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323857.

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Jolliffe, Kim. "Safety behaviours in persecutory delusions". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405491.

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Mullen, Richard Steven, e n/a. "Delusions : conceptual and phenomenological aspects". University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060705.155942.

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Delusions can be reliably identified in clinical populations. However their definition has been a matter of controversy. Attributes that are commonly used to characterise delusions, such as falsity and excessive conviction, do not generally distinguish them from more ordinary beliefs. The convention that considers delusions as forms of belief obscures many of the important points of distinction from more ordinary beliefs. Conceptual review of the concept of bizarre delusions suggests that delusions are distinguishable from other forms of belief by virtue of their individual bizarreness. That is, delusions depart from what might be the understandable beliefs or experiences for a given individual. Departure from what is objectively possible or culturally sanctioned or expected are useful, but potentially misleading, proxies for individual bizarreness. Although individual bizarreness may be the key defining feature of delusional phenomena, bizarreness, however conceived, may not usefully distinguish different subtypes of delusion. The idea that delusions are best considered to be on a continuum with more ordinary beliefs is problematic. The continuum hypothesis depends on overemphasis on falsity and complete conviction as identifying characteristics of delusions. Both continuum and category approaches to delusions have utility that depends on the immediate purpose, but neither approach in itself can be presumed to show the greater verisimilitude. Overvalued ideas are another group of strongly held beliefs that may be false and idiosyncratic. Their relationship to delusions has been uncertain. It is argued that overvalued ideas and delusions are different kinds of phenomena, as overvalued ideas lack the individual bizarreness of delusions. A comparison of delusions in individuals with schizophrenia, with over-valued ideas in individuals with non-psychotic mental disorders, is reported. Several differences between delusions and over-valued ideas were identified. Over-valued ideas were associated with more gradual onset, greater preoccupation, and more concern about the opinions of others about the belief. Delusions were less plausible in their content and the deluded individuals often accounted for the origin of their delusion by referring to other psychotic experiences such as hallucinations. Conviction and insight were not found to differ across the two groups. Delusions are experiences that have many of the external characteristics of ordinary human belief. However overemphasis on these similarities results in neglect of important differences, and may lead to clinical error.

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Williams, Lisa Jane. "Psychological processes in persecutory delusions". Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574420.

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Attributional models of persecutory delusions suggest that paranoia arises when people make excessively external attributions for negative events and excessively internal attributions for positive events (i.e. people blame negative events on other people or circumstances and attribute positive events to themselves). The results from a review of the literature on attributional style in people with persecutory delusions indicated that that the evidence for an externalising bias, and more specifically an externalising-personal bias, for negative events is inconsistent and the evidence for an internalising bias for positive events is minimal. More consistent findings were obtained for external- situational attributions; people with persecutory delusions make fewer attributions of this type for negative events compared with healthy controls. The evidence also tentatively suggests that the attributional style of people with persecutory delusions fluctuates momentarily and with the course of mental illness. These findings are discussed in relation to issues with the reliability of current measures of attributional style. Keywords: paranoid delusions, persecutory delusions, attributional style, explanatory style, review Highlights • The evidence for attributional biases in persecutory delusions is inconsistent. Paranoid people make few external-situational attributions for negative events. Attributional style might be unstable in people with persecutory delusions. • • ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLE AND PERSECUTORY DELUSIONS • The reliability of current measures of attributional style is poor. 3

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Menon, Mahesh. "Cognitive factors in schizophrenic delusions". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614728.

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Brett, E. "Childhood sexual abuse and delusions". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446331/.

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There is a considerable body of research demonstrating that childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with widespread short- and long-term psychopathology, and moreover, is connected with the most severe, chronic and life-threatening consequences of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. More specifically, there is a growing body of evidence reporting that CSA is related to psychotic symptoms and diagnoses of schizophrenia, and some authors have found thematic links between the nature of abuse and the content of psychotic symptoms. A wide range of biological, psychological and social factors have been postulated in the literature as mediating or moderating the relationship between childhood abuse and psychotic symptoms in adulthood. Cognitive models of psychosis, and delusions in particular, are increasingly influential. There is ongoing debate as to the nature of the relationship between childhood abuse and psychosis, with some theorists proposing a causal relationship. Despite the consistently demonstrated relationship between child abuse and adult psychopathology, research suggests that the majority of abuse and trauma is unidentified by mental health services in routine clinical practice. Clinical issues related to enquiring about abuse are examined.

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Hamdy, Ronald C., Amber Kinser, Tracey Kendall-Wilson, Audrey Depelteau, Rebecca Copeland, Kathleen Whalen e J. Culp. "Visual Hallucinations and Paranoid Delusions". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2736.

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Visual well-formed hallucinations, fluctuations in the level of cognition, and alertness and extrapyramidal signs are core features of dementia with Lewy bodies. Some patients realize that what they are seeing or hearing are just hallucinations and learn to accept them. Others, however experience these hallucinations as quite real and cannot be dissuaded from the firm belief that they are. In fact, efforts to dissuade them often serve only to confirm the often associated paranoid delusions and this may lead to a catastrophic ending. Hence, it is best not to contradict the patient. Instead, attempts should be made to distract the patient and change the focus of her or his attention. In this case scenario, we present a 68-year-old man who has been diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies. He lives with his daughter. He has visual hallucinations and paranoid delusions that worsen at night: He thinks there are people outside the house plotting to kill him. We discuss what went wrong in the patient/caregiver interaction and how the catastrophic ending could have been avoided or averted.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Delusions"

R, Hemsley David, a cura di. Delusions: Investigations into the psychology of delusional reasoning. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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R, Hemsley David, a cura di. Delusions: Investigations into the psychology of delusional reasoning. Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press, 1997.

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Carroll, Toby. Delusions of Development. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230289758.

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Allen, Daana. Delusions of squalor. Oakland, Calif: Unicorn Press, 1998.

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Pearson, Robin. Delusions of Competence. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94088-1.

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Bortolotti, Lisa, a cura di. Delusions in Context. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97202-2.

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Adebo-Lawal, Sunmi. Delusions of power. Lagos, Nigeria: Authors Foundations Publishers Nigeria Limited, 1987.

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Sharpe, S. H. Devant's delightful delusions. Pasadena, Calif: Magical Publications, 1990.

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Lynch, Sinead Margaret. Delusions in Dickens. [s.l: The Author], 1988.

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Fisher, Carrie. Delusions of Grandma. New York: Simon& Schuster, 1994.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Delusions"

Simola, Nicola, Micaela Morelli, Tooru Mizuno, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, H. Valerie Curran, Celia J. A. Morgan et al. "Delusions". In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 383. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_1300.

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Maher, Brendan A., e Manfred Spitzer. "Delusions". In Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology, 263–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3008-4_12.

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Bonnefon, Jean-François. "Delusions". In Reasoning Unbound, 149–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60049-3_6.

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McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler et al. "Paranoid Delusions". In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 953. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_3462.

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McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler et al. "Persecutory Delusions". In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 987. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_3469.

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Connors, Michael H., Robyn Langdon e Max Coltheart. "Misidentification delusions". In Troublesome disguises, 167–85. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118799574.ch13.

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Vanheule, Stijn. "Delusions Scrutinized". In The Subject of Psychosis: A Lacanian Perspective, 96–122. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230355873_6.

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Boggs, Carl. "Liberal Delusions". In Ecology and Revolution, 97–120. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137282262_4.

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Vyse, Stuart. "Ridiculous Reason". In The Uses of Delusion, 1–17. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190079857.003.0001.

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This chapter outlines the popular methods of judging whether a belief is good or bad and whether an action is adequately grounded in sound logic. The chapter summarizes a debate between William Clifford and William James about whether it is ever justified to hold a belief without adequate evidence and describes a contemporary model of rational choice. Behavior based in delusion represents a deviation from rational choice, and in most cases delusions lead to ineffective or self-defeating behavior. But, in some important instances, delusional behavior can produce happier relationships, better adjustment to life’s challenges, and more effective action. Some delusions are impossible to reverse, even when the person knows they are illusions. But other delusions seem more malleable and amenable to change. In these cases, people may be aware of their delusions.

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Lavin, Douglas, e Lucy O’Brien. "Delusions and Everyday Life". In Belief, Imagination, and Delusion, 205–24. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198872221.003.0010.

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Abstract This chapter aims to get away from the ‘psychological attitude’ approach framing current philosophical discussion of delusion. The authors ask not what kind of attitude a delusion is—a belief or an imagination? Something else?—as if it were already clear what the ‘content’ of a delusion could be. They aim instead to shift attention to the question of the ‘object’ of delusions. What is delusion of? What is the object of this form of thinking? This focus on a delusion’s object, over its attitudinal nature, is partly motivated by a desire properly to connect delusory thought with ordinary forms of fantastical thinking that are ubiquitous in the experiences faced by reflective humans in everyday life. The authors aim at securing a continuity, in a way that much extant discussion of delusion fails to, between delusory thought with more ordinary forms of thinking present in, for example, fantastical or magical thinking. Exploring familiar expressions of such thinking, especially those involved in love and loss, enables us to bring out the way in which such expressions convey forms of affective self-consciousness—that have the subject and her relations as an object—that are not naturally taken as reports liable to investigation as true or false. This raises the question about how to think about what someone is doing when they give expression to a delusion

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Delusions"

O'Riley, Tim. "Illusions/delusions". In ACM SIGGRAPH 96 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '96. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/253607.253852.

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Tarasov, Mikhail, Aleksandra Gunbina, Artem Chekushkin, Renat Yusupov, Valerian Edelman e Vyacheslav Vdovin. "SINIS Detectors: 30 Years of Achievements and Delusions". In 2022 IEEE 8th All-Russian Microwave Conference (RMC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rmc55984.2022.10079692.

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Mendes, Daniele Q., e Luis Alfredo V. de Carvalho. "Creativity and Delusions: The Dopaminergic Modulation of Cortical Maps". In 5. Congresso Brasileiro de Redes Neurais. CNRN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/cbrn2001-072.

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Bagchi, Saurabh. "Position statements from panelists: Smart cities-delusions of grandeur". In 2017 9th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comsnets.2017.7945467.

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Dimkov, Petar. "Kandinsky-Clérambault syndrome: Narration and psychosis". In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.18207d.

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Interpretation by means of retelling a story is an ordinary event in human life. However, under abnormal circumstances, e. g. delusions of the narrator, this process is altered and even distorted to various degrees in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. In such cases, the assumption of misrepresentation of the actual story emerges as most striking as it is in contradiction with the objective reality. In the current paper, I will focus on the discourse features in the narratives of patients with the Kandinsky-Clérambault syndrome since it provides some of the best cases that serve to support the main focus of my search, i.e. establishing to what degree we can believe the subjective interpretative narratives of mentally ill patients. This perspective, on its own, has given rise to some doubts in psychiatry as objective science. Our hypothesis is that there are clear-cut features of delusion, which can be outlined by linguistic analysis irrespective of the cultural belonging of the patient and described following the method of the omnipotence of language as a tool of semiotics. For our purpose, additional aspects of the problem will be developed in detail, such as the semantic levels in narration in general and outlined concepts of schizophrenia and delusion transparent in discourse carried out in any language.

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Coelho Jácome Queiroz, Victória, Paulo Ragazzo, Darianne Canêdo, Uadson Barreto, Paulo Oliveira, Manoel Reis, Telma Campos e Osvaldo Vilela-Filho. "The Impact of Surgical Frontolimbic Disconnection on Delusions and Hallucinations". In XXXII Congresso Brasileiro de Neurocirurgia. Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672684.

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Furtado, Lucas Cruz, Alexandre Almeida da Silva e Júlio César Claudino dos Santos. "Acute psychotic episode after surgical complication of endoscopic septoplasty with iatrogenic sella turcica injury and pituitary apoplexy". In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.782.

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Introduction: The nasal septum is an important structure, responsible for the centralization of the nose to the face. Septum deviation is a symptomatic condition, typically characterized by chronic nasal obstruction of the upper airways. Correction of deviated septum needs to occur through surgical therapy, notably through endoscopic septoplasty. The aim is to report and discuss the case of a man who had an acute psychotic episode after a surgical complication endoscopic septoplasty with iatrogenic saddle turmeric injury and pituitary apoplexy. Case report: A 47-year-old man attempted suicide the night before presenting with psychosis following a septoplasty procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum six years ago. At the present date, in a psychiatric consultation, complaints of insomnia, restlessness and paranoid delusions. On psychiatric examination, he was lucid, with disorganized thinking and paranoid delusions. Properly medicated, the patient returns to medical care with an improvement in his general condition, but maintains the condition of psychic disorganization. However, the patient decided to suspend the prescribed medication and did not return for the appointment on the scheduled date. After a week, the patient developed psychotic symptoms, mystical delusions, insomnia and irritability that triggered a new suicide attempt. Referred to emergency and later to psychiatric hospitalization, where he remained for 22 days. The patient’s diagnosis was mixed bipolar disorder. Conclusion: The following case report depicts a rare case of hypopituitarism, resulting from an iatrogenic injury to the sella turcica and the pituitary gland, complications triggered by the performance of endoscopic septoplasty, which resulted in a severe psychotic condition.

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Kharraz, Amin, Engin Kirda, William Robertson, Davide Balzarotti e Aurelien Francillon. "Optical Delusions: A Study of Malicious QR Codes in the Wild". In 2014 44th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2014.103.

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Trifu, Simona. "Psychodynamic particularities expression of systematized delusions in the paranoid schizophrenia (case report)". In icH&Hpsy International Conference on Health and Health Psychology. Cognitive-crcs, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2015.07.5.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Delusions"

Bénabou, Roland. Groupthink: Collective Delusions in Organizations and Markets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzo 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14764.

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Cheung, Alvin. Hong Kong: The End of Delusion. Critical Asian Studies, febbraio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52698/urul3385.

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Camroux, David. Xi’s tour of Europe puts China’s self-delusion on display. East Asia Forum, giugno 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1719093600.

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Kotlikoff, Laurence. From Deficit Delusion to the Fiscal Balance Rule: Looking For an Economically Meaningful Way to Assess Fiscal Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, febbraio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2841.

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