Tesi sul tema "Declarative programming"
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1
Clare, A. R. "Evaluating declarative programming". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235233.
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Milicevic, Aleksandar Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Advancing declarative programming". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99835.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 141-153).
This thesis attempts to unite and consolidate two large and often culturally disjoint programming paradigms: declarative (focusing on specifying what a program is supposed to do, e.g., shuffle an array so that its elements are ordered) and imperative (detailing how the program intention is to be implemented, e.g., by applying the QuickSort algorithm). The ultimate result of such an effort would be a unified programming environment in which both paradigms are seamlessly integrated, specifications are fully and efficiently executable, and programs are written by freely mixing imperative statements and declarative specifications. With the advent of automated constraint solving, executing declarative specifications as standalone programs has become feasible. A number of challenges still remain. To achieve full automation, constraint solvers often impose restrictions on specification languages and their expressiveness; compromises are also made when integrating a (typically logic-based) specification language with a traditional procedural programming language; and finally, applicability is usually limited to specialized algorithmic domains (for which constraint solving is particularly suitable) and programmers comfortable with writing formal logic. This thesis proposes several advances to address these issues. First, a novel constraint solving framework is presented, Alloy*, the first of its kind capable of automatically and reliably solving arbitrary higher-order formulas (written in standard predicate logic) over bounded domains. Second, a new approach to integrating a specification and an implementation language is proposed, where Alloy, a relational logic-based modeling and specification language, is deeply embedded in Ruby. The resulting platform, called [alpha]Rby, uses Alloy* as its back end, and serves both as an Alloy modeling environment with added Ruby scripting layer around it, and as a Ruby programming environment with added executable specifications. Third, the general idea of declarative programming (focusing on what instead of how) is applied to web programming, producing SUNNY, a model-based reactive web framework with a clear separation between data, events (business logic), and security policies. SUNNY is (1) policy-agnostic-allows security policies to be specified individually and independently from the rest of the code, (2) reactive-automatically propagates data updates to all connected clients while enforcing the security policies, (3) mostly declarative-offers a unified sequential view of the entire distributed web system, allowing events to be implemented only in terms of simple modifications to the data model.
by Aleksandar Milicevic.
Ph. D.
3
Chronaki, Catherine Eleftherios. "Parallelism in declarative languages /". Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10793.
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Taylor, Frank Stephen. "Parallel functional programming by declarative partitioning". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264268.
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Bowers, Antony Francis. "Effective meta-programming in declarative languages". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263891.
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Belaid, Mohamed-Bachir. "Declarative Itemset Mining Based on Constraint Programming". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La fouille de données est l'art de découvrir des informations à partir de bases de données.L'utilisateur spécifie le type de motifs à extraire et le spécialiste utilise des techniques pour trouver les motifs requis.De nombreuses techniques ont été introduites pour l'extraction des motifs classiques tels que les motifs fréquents, les règles d'association, etc.Cependant, l'extraction des motifs avec des propriétés supplémentaires restent un problème pour les spécialistes car des efforts algorithmiques sont requises pour gérer ces propriétés.Récemment, les chercheurs ont profité de la flexibilité de la programmation par contraintes pour modéliser plusieurs problèmes de la fouille de données.En termes de temps d'exécution, les méthodes basées sur la programmation par contraintes ne sont pas encore concurrentes avec les algorithmes spécialisées.Cependant, leur flexibilité permet la modélisation des requêtes complexes sans la nécessité de réviser le processus de résolution.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’utiliser la programmation par contraintes pour résoudre des problèmes de la fouille de données.Notre première contribution est un modèle basé sur la programmation par contraintes pour l'extraction des règles d'association.Pour mettre en œuvre notre modèle, nous introduisons une nouvelle contrainte globale,CONFIDENT, pour assurer la confiance des règles.Nous prouvons que propager complètement CONFIDENT est NP-difficile.Nous fournissons donc un propagateur non-complet et une décomposition pour la contrainte CONFIDENT.Nous capturons également les règles minimales non redondantes, une représentation condensée des règles d'association, en introduisant la contrainte globale GENERATOR. GENERATOR est utilisé pour extraire des motifs qui sont des générateurs. Pour cette contrainte, nous proposons un propagateur polynomial complet.Notre deuxième contribution est un model générique basé sur la programmation par contraintes permettant l'extraction des deux frontières des motifs fréquents, à savoir la frontière positive ou les motifs maximaux fréquents et la frontière négative ou les motifs minimaux infréquents.Il est facile de choisir la frontière à extraire en fixant un simple paramètre.Pour cela, nous introduisons deux nouvelles contraintes globales, FREQUENTSUBS et INFREQUENTSUPERS,avec des propagateurs polynomiaux complets.Nous examinons ensuite le problème de l'extraction des frontières avec des contraintes supplémentaires.Nous prouvons que ce problème est coNP-difficile. Cela implique qu’il n’existe aucun CSP représentant ce problème (sauf si coNP est dans NP)Data mining is the art of discovering knowledge from databases. The user specifies the type of patterns to be mined, and the miner uses techniques to find the required patterns. Many techniques have been introduced for mining traditional patterns like frequent itemsets, association rules, etc. However, mining patterns with additional properties remains a bottleneck for specialists nowadays due to the algorithmic effort needed to handle these properties.Recently, researchers have taken advantage of the flexibility of constraint programming to model various data mining problems. In terms of CPU time, constraint programming-based methods have not yet competed with ad hoc algorithms. However, their flexibility allows the modeling of complex user queries without revising the solving process.In this thesis we propose to use constraint programming for modeling and solving some well known data mining problems.Our first contribution is a constraint programming model for mining association rules. To implement our model, we introduce a new global constraint, CONFIDENT, for ensuring the confidence of rules.We prove that completely propagating CONFIDENT is NP-hard. We thus provide a non-complete propagator and a decomposition for CONFIDENT. We also capture the minimal non-redundant rules, a condensed representation of association rules, by introducing the global constraint GENERATOR. GENERATOR is used for mining itemsets that are generators. For this constraint, we propose a complete polynomial propagator.Our second contribution is a generic framework based on constraint programming to mine both borders of frequent itemsets, i.e. the positive border or maximal frequent itemsets and the negative border or minimal infrequent itemsets. One can easily decide which border to mine by setting a simple parameter. For this, we introduce two new global constraints, FREQUENTSUBS and INFREQUENTSUPERS, with complete polynomial propagators. We then consider the problem of mining borders with additional constraints. We prove that this problem is coNP-hard, ruling out the hope for the existence of a single CSP solving this problem (unless coNP is in NP)
7
Seres, Silvija. "The algebra of logic programming". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365466.
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Hanus, Michael, e Sven Koschnicke. "An ER-based framework for declarative web programming". Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4144/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We describe a framework to support the implementation of web-based systems to manipulate data stored in relational databases. Since the conceptual model of a relational database is often specified as an entity-relationship (ER) model, we propose to use the ER model to generate a complete implementation in the declarative programming language Curry. This implementation contains operations to create and manipulate entities of the data model, supports authentication, authorization, session handling, and the composition of individual operations to user processes. Furthermore and most important, the implementation ensures the consistency of the database w.r.t. the data dependencies specified in the ER model, i.e., updates initiated by the user cannot lead to an inconsistent state of the database. In order to generate a high-level declarative implementation that can be easily adapted to individual customer requirements, the framework exploits previous works on declarative database programming and web user interface construction in Curry.
9
Machado, Rui Mário da Silva. "Massivel y parallel declarative computational models". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12063.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Current computer archictectures are parallel, with an increasing number of processors. Parallel programming is an error-prone task and declarative models such as those based on constraints relieve the programmer from some of its difficult aspects, because they abstract control away. In this work we study and develop techniques for declarative computational models based on constraints using GPI, aiming at large scale parallel execution. The main contributions of this work are: A GPI implementation of a scalable dynamic load balancing scheme based on work
stealing, suitable for tree shaped computations and effective for systems with thousands of threads. A parallel constraint solver, MaCS, implemented to take advantage of the GPI programming model. Experimental evaluation shows very good scalability results on systems with hundreds of cores. A GPI parallel version of the Adaptive Search algorithm, including different variants. The study on different problems advances the understanding of scalability issues known to exist with large numbers of cores; ### SUMÁRIO: Actualmente as arquitecturas de computadores são paralelas, com um crescente número de processadores. A programação paralela é uma tarefa propensa a erros e modelos declarativos baseados em restrições
aliviam o programador de aspectos difíceis dado que abstraem o controlo. Neste trabalho estudamos e desenvolvemos técnicas para modelos de computação declarativos baseados em restrições usando o GPI, uma ferramenta e modelo de programação recente. O Objectivo é a execução paralela em larga escala. As contribuições deste trabalho são as seguintes: a implementação de um esquema dinâmico para balanceamento da computação baseado no GPI. O esquema é adequado para computações em árvores e efectiva em sistemas compostos por milhares de unidades de computação. Uma abordagem à resolução paralela de restrições denominadas de MaCS, que tira partido do modelo de programação do GPI. A Avaliação experimental revelou boa escalabilidade num sistema com centenas de processadores. Uma versão paralela do algoritmo Adaptive Search baseada no GPI, que inclui diferentes variantes. O estudo de diversos problemas aumenta a compreensão de aspectos relacionados com a escalabilidade e presentes na execução deste tipo de algoritmos num grande número de processadores.
10
Fink, Michael [Verfasser]. "Declarative Logic-Programming Components for Information Agents / Michael Fink". Hamburg : Diplom.de, 2002. http://d-nb.info/1184904553/34.
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Wallis, Steven Kim. "Declarative integration of object-oriented programming and knowledge representation". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654977.
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Nordström, Didrik. "Declarative modelling of parameter setting". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171087.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The parameter setting problem is part of a complex, automated process for customizing Scania's products; primarily trucks and buses. The problem is modelled as a stateless, acyclic graph of pure functions and variables. A subset of a deterministic, concurrent, demand-driven, declarative programming model is implemented under the Microsoft .NET framework. The implementation is evaluated based on suitability for solving the parameter setting problem, computational performance and general applicability within the organization. It is concluded that the model reduces the complexity of the parameter setting problem, mainly due to demand-driven (lazy) execution. The implementation scales as expected on sequential programs in time and memory with respect to input size. Parallel programs benefit partly from parallelism but bottlenecks in the .NET framework seem to limit the speedup. The general applicability of the programming model within the organization is potentially high and there are many extensions that can be added in the future, such as constraint programming.Parametersättning är en del av en komplex, automatiserad process för att specialanpassa Scanias produkter – primärt lastbilar och bussar. Problemet är modellerat som en tillståndslös acyklisk graf av rena funktioner och variabler. En deterministisk, parallel, behovstyrd deklarativ programmeringsmodell har implementeras under Microsoft .NET-ramverket. Implementationen utvärderas utifrån lämplighet för parametersättning, prestanda och generell nytta inom organisationen. Modellen lyckas med att reducera komplexiteten för parametersättning, primärt tack vare behovstyrd (lat) exekvering. Implementationen skalar i både tid och minne i enlighet med förväntningarna för sekventiella program. Parallella program har delvis nytta av multipla processorkärnor men flaskhalsar i .NET-ramverket verkar begränsa prestandan. Programmeringsmodellens generella nytta inom organisationen är potentiellt hög och det finns många tillbyggnader som kan läggas till i framtiden, såsom villkorsprogrammering.
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Calhau, João Pedro Figueira Galhardo. "Digital forensics research using constraint programming". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/24257.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this dissertation we present a new and innovative approach to Digital Forensics analysis, based on Declarative
Programming approaches, more specifically Constraint Programming methodologies, to describe and solve
Digital Forensics problems. With this approach we allow for an intuitive, descriptive and more efficient method
to analyze digital equipment data.
The work described herein enables the description of a Digital Forensics Problem (DFP) as a Constraint Satisfaction
Problem (CSP) and, with the help of a CSP solver, reach a solution to such problem, if it exists, which can
be a set of elements or evidences that match the initial problem description; Sumário:
Pesquisa em Forense Digital Utilizando Programação
por Restrições
Nesta dissertação apresentamos uma nova e inovadora abordagem à análise de Forense Digital, baseada em
técnicas de Programação Declarativa, mais especificamente em metodologias de Programação por Restrições,
para descrever e resolver problemas de Forense Digital. Com esta abordagem, é nos permitida a utilização de
um método mais intuitivo, mais descritivo e mais eficiente para analisar dados de equipamentos digitais.
O trabalho aqui descrito permite a descrição de um Problema de Forense Digital (PFD) como um Problema de
Satisfação de Restrições (PSR) e, com a ajuda de um ”Solver” de PSRs, chegar a uma solução, se existir, que pode
ser um conjunto de elementos ou evidências que correspondem à descrição inicial do problema.
14
Singhi, Soumya. "Computing stable models of logic programs". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2003. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukycosc2003t00117/SSThesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2003.Title from document title page (viewed June 21, 2004). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 55 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-54).
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Ramos, Adolfo J. Socorro. "Design, implementation and evaluation of a declarative object-oriented programming language". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335807.
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Lin, Dianhuan. "Logic programs as declarative and procedural bias in inductive logic programming". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24553.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Machine Learning is necessary for the development of Artificial Intelligence, as pointed out by Turing in his 1950 article ``Computing Machinery and Intelligence''. It is in the same article that Turing suggested the use of computational logic and background knowledge for learning. This thesis follows a logic-based machine learning approach called Inductive Logic Programming (ILP), which is advantageous over other machine learning approaches in terms of relational learning and utilising background knowledge. ILP uses logic programs as a uniform representation for hypothesis, background knowledge and examples, but its declarative bias is usually encoded using metalogical statements. This thesis advocates the use of logic programs to represent declarative and procedural bias, which results in a framework of single-language representation. We show in this thesis that using a logic program called the top theory as declarative bias leads to a sound and complete multi-clause learning system MC-TopLog. It overcomes the entailment-incompleteness of Progol, thus outperforms Progol in terms of predictive accuracies on learning grammars and strategies for playing Nim game. MC-TopLog has been applied to two real-world applications funded by Syngenta, which is an agriculture company. A higher-order extension on top theories results in meta-interpreters, which allow the introduction of new predicate symbols. Thus the resulting ILP system Metagol can do predicate invention, which is an intrinsically higher-order logic operation. Metagol also leverages the procedural semantic of Prolog to encode procedural bias, so that it can outperform both its ASP version and ILP systems without an equivalent procedural bias in terms of efficiency and accuracy. This is demonstrated by the experiments on learning Regular, Context-free and Natural grammars. Metagol is also applied to non-grammar learning tasks involving recursion and predicate invention, such as learning a definition of staircases and robot strategy learning. Both MC-TopLog and Metagol are based on a 'top'-directed framework, which is different from other multi-clause learning systems based on Inverse Entailment, such as CF-Induction, XHAIL and IMPARO. Compared to another 'top'-directed multi-clause learning system TAL, Metagol allows the explicit form of higher-order assumption to be encoded in the form of meta-rules.
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Zoffoli, Alessandro. "Applying the reactive programming paradigm: Toward a more declarative application development approach". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9021/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
After almost 10 years from “The Free Lunch Is Over” article, where the need to parallelize programs started to be a real and mainstream issue, a lot of stuffs did happened:
• Processor manufacturers are reaching the physical limits with most of their approaches to boosting CPU performance, and are instead turning to hyperthreading and multicore architectures;
• Applications are increasingly need to support concurrency;
• Programming languages and systems are increasingly forced to deal
well with concurrency.
This thesis is an attempt to propose an overview of a paradigm that aims to properly abstract the problem of propagating data changes: Reactive Programming (RP). This paradigm proposes an asynchronous non-blocking approach to concurrency and computations, abstracting from the low-level concurrency mechanisms.
18
Dirska, Henry. "A Declarative Rules API for Managing Adaptation Relationships in Context-Oriented Programming". NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/135.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Context-aware computing requires software that can adapt to changes in context. When contextual circumstances trigger multiple adaptations, software must also understand the relationships between these adaptations and react according to the rules governing these relationships. Adaptable software needs a means to establish and interpret these rules in order to avoid any undesirable and potentially catastrophic conflicts.
This dissertation designs and implements the Adaptation Rules Management API (ArmAPI). ArmAPI has been demonstrated to work with a Context-Oriented Programming variation for Java called ContextJ* to execute conflict-free adaptations in two software applications. ArmAPI allows programmers to define relationship types between adaptations, and transfers these definitions to Prolog facts and rules. The Prolog engine, encapsulated within ArmAPI, then works with imperative algorithms to determine the appropriate adaptations to execute based on the current set of facts, rules, and contextual circumstances.
Context represents all of the conditions for all of the entities known to an observing device. In any environment, context represents a large amount of data that can influence a multitude of conflicting adaptations. This research provides an incremental step towards overcoming the problem of adaptation conflict by constructing an API that considers the relationship types of inclusion, exclusion, ordering, conditional dependency, and independence. The API has been validated via two prototypes that provide typical scenarios.
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Zetterström, Andreas. "Visual Compositional-Relational Programming". Thesis, Uppsala University, Computer Systems Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126895.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In an ever faster changing environment, software developers not only need agile methods, but also agile programming paradigms and tools. A paradigm shift towards declarative programming has begun; a clear indication of this is Microsoft's substantial investment in functional programming. Moreover, several attempts have been made to enable visual programming. We believe that software development is ready for a new paradigm which goes beyond any existing declarative paradigm: visual compositional-relational programming. Compositional-relational programming (CRP) is a purely declarative paradigm -- making it suitable for a visual representation. All procedural aspects -- including the increasingly important issue of parallelization -- are removed from the programmer's consideration and handled in the underlying implementation. The foundation for CRP is a theory of higher-order combinatory logic programming developed by Hamfelt and Nilsson in the 1990's. This thesis proposes a model for visualizing compositional-relational programming. We show that the diagrams are isomorphic with the programs represented in textual form. Furthermore, we show that the model can be used to automatically generate code from diagrams, thus paving the way for a visual integrated development environment for CRP, where programming is performed by combining visual objects in a drag-and-drop fashion. At present, we implement CRP using Prolog. However, in future we foresee an implementation directly on one of the major object-oriented frameworks, e.g. the .NET platform, with the aim to finally launch relational programming into large-scale systems development.
20
Bunus, Peter. "Debugging and Structural Analysis of Declarative Equation-Based Languages". Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5727.
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East, Deborah Jeanine. "Datalog with constraints a new answer-set programming formalism /". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2001. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukycosc2001d00017/deast-06-01.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 75 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-72).
22
Gopal, Sriram. "An Extensible Framework for Annotation-based Parameter Passing in Distributed Object Systems". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33742.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Modern distributed object systems pass remote parameters based on their runtime type. This design choice limits the expressiveness, readability, and maintainability of distributed applications. While a rich body of research is concerned with middleware extensibility, modern distributed object systems do not offer programming facilities to extend their remote parameter passing semantics. Thus, extending these semantics requires understanding and modifying the underlying middleware implementation.
This thesis addresses these design shortcomings by presenting (i) a declarative and extensible approach to remote parameter passing that decouples parameter passing from parameter types, and (ii) a plugin-based framework, DeXteR, that enables the programmer to extend the native set of remote parameter passing semantics, without having to understand or modify the underlying middleware implementation.
DeXteR treats remote parameter passing as a distributed cross-cutting concern. It uses generative and aspect-oriented techniques, enabling the implementation of different parameter passing semantics as reusable application-level plugins that work with application, system, and third-party library classes. The flexibility and expressiveness of the framework is validated by implementing several non-trivial parameter passing semantics as DeXteR plugins. The material presented in this thesis has been accepted for publication at the ACM/USENIX Middleware 2008 conference.Master of Science
23
Vasilopoulos, Ioannis Vasileiou. "The design, development and evaluation of a visual programming tool for novice programmers : psychological and pedagogical effects of introductory programming tools on programming knowledge of Greek students". Thesis, Teesside University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/347149.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis reports a research project that aims to improve the teaching and learning of introductory programming from a pedagogical and psychological viewpoint. Towards this aim, seven principles for designing educational programming tools for novices were identified by reviewing literature regarding novices’ difficulties and using a theoretical framework defined by the psychological theories of Constructivism and Cognitive Load Theory. This set of design principles was not only theoretically identified, but its pedagogical impact was also empirically tested. For this reason, Koios, a new programming tool, was designed and developed as a manifestation of the combined set of principles. Empirical studies were conducted by a way of a quasi-experimental design in two different Greek secondary-education institutions. The independent variable was compliance with the set of the seven principles. Students’ level of programming skills (procedural knowledge) was the dependent variable, while the quality of their mental models in the domain of introductory programming (declarative knowledge) was the potential mediator. The effect of compliance with the set of principles on students’ programming skills and mental-model quality was explored via Koios’ evaluation. Declarative- and procedural-knowledge measurements, as well as a practical test, were used to collect data, which were analysed using ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression. The major conclusions drawn from this study are:(a) compliance with the set of design principles does not affect the development of novices’ procedural and declarative programming knowledge, (b) a programming tool that highly complies with this set facilitates novices in the application of their procedural programming knowledge during program creation and (c) programming tools, declarative and procedural knowledge are independent components in learning to program. However, it was also concluded that the two knowledge types and a programming tool that highly complies with the set contribute significantly to novices’ programming performance. This study contributes to knowledge by theoretically identifying and empirically testing a set of design principles for educational programming software, and by producing and scientifically evaluating a programming tool as an embodiment of this set. Through this evaluation, the suggestion of Koios as a practically useful programming tool for novices seems to be well supported.
24
Davies, Kevin L. "Declarative modeling of coupled advection and diffusion as applied to fuel cells". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51814.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The goal of this research is to realize the advantages of declarative modeling for complex physical systems that involve both advection and diffusion to varying degrees in multiple domains. This occurs, for example, in chemical devices such as fuel cells. The declarative or equation-based modeling approach can provide computational advantages and is compatible with physics-based, object-oriented representations. However, there is no generally accepted method of representing coupled advection and diffusion in a declarative modeling framework.
This work develops, justifies, and implements a new upstream discretization scheme for mixed advective and diffusive flows that is well-suited for declarative models. The discretization scheme yields a gradual transition from pure diffusion to pure advection without switching events or nonlinear systems of equations. Transport equations are established in a manner that ensures the conservation of material, momentum, and energy at each interface and in each control volume. The approach is multi-dimensional and resolved down to the species level, with conservation equations for each species in each phase. The framework is applicable to solids, liquids, gases, and charged particles. Interactions among species are described as exchange processes which are diffusive if the interaction is inert or advective if it involves chemical reactions or phase change.
The equations are implemented in a highly modular and reconfigurable manner using the Modelica language. A wide range of examples are demonstrated—from basic models of electrical conduction and evaporation to a comprehensive model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Several versions of the PEMFC model are simulated under various conditions including polarization tests and a cyclical electrical load. The model is shown to describe processes such as electro-osmotic drag and liquid pore saturation. It can be scaled in complexity from 4000 to 32,000 equations, resulting in a simulation times from 0.2 to 19 s depending on the level of detail. The most complex example is a seven-layer cell with six segments along the length of the channel. The model library is thoroughly documented and made available as a free, open-source software package.
25
Peldžius, Stasys. "Universalus pertvarkų įrankis". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20101125_190721-56089.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Vykstant nuolatiniam programų sistemų atnaujinimui, nuolatos reikia prižiūrėti, kad jos būtų kokybiškai projektuojamos ir programuojamos. Tačiau neišvengiamai atsiranda nekokybiško išeities teksto, arba atsiranda projektavimo trūkumų. Todėl yra svarbu mokėti ieškoti tokias problemas, ir jas ištaisyti. Šio darbo tikslas yra sukurti automatinio – universalaus įrankio modelį, kuris savarankiškai aptiktų pertvarkas, bei būtų nepriklausomas nuo konkrečios programavimo kalbos. Šiam tikslui pasiekti yra nagrinėjami mokslininkų siūlomi automatiškai aptinkantys pertvarkas metodai. Taip pat yra nagrinėjamos tokio įrankio realizavimo galimybės, pateikti realizaciniai sprendimai ir pavyzdžiai. Taip pat tikslas yra sukurti praktiškai naudingas automatines pertvarkas, kurios būtų realizuotos pasiūlytu įrankiu, ir pademonstruotas jų veikimas. Šis įrankis naudoja loginį programavimą, kurio faktais yra aprašomos pertvarkomos programos, o taisyklėmis – pačios pertvarkų programos. Sėkmingai sukurti automatiniai pertvarkų radimo pavyzdžiai, leidžia daryti išvadą, kad šiame darbe rastas būdas automatiškai aptikti nekokybišką išeities tekstą, bei realizuoti tokias pertvarkas nepriklausomai nuo programavimo kalbos.In the continual evolution of software systems, should be continuous to ensure that they are high quality designed and programmed. But inevitably the defective code, that call “bad small” or the design deficiencies. It is therefore important to be able to find such problems, and to correct them. The aim of this thesis is to create automatic - universal refactoring tool, which is detected in self-refactoring, and is independent of specific programming languages. To achieve this objective are scientists considered the proposed automatic detection of refactoring methods. It is also considered the possibility of the realization of such a tool, to provide examples and realizable solutions. It also aims to create a practical benefit of the automatic adjustments to the proposed tool is to be realized, and a demonstration of their operation. This tool uses a logic programming, which is a factual description of the conversion, and the rules - the refactoring of the program. The successful creation of automatic detection for refactoring, it can be concluded that this work is found way to automatically detect poor quality of source code, and the realization of the restructuring, regardless of programming language.
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Michel, Olivier. "There's Plenty of Room for Unconventional Programming Languages or Declarative Simulations of Dynamical Systems (with a Dynamical Structure)". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305748.
Testo completo
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Mami, Imene. "A Declarative Approach to Modeling and Solving the View Selection Problem". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20194/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La matérialisation de vues est une technique très utilisée dans les systèmes de gestion bases de données ainsi que dans les entrepôts de données pour améliorer les performances des requêtes. Elle permet de réduire de manière considérable le temps de réponse des requêtes en pré-calculant des requêtes coûteuses et en stockant leurs résultats. De ce fait, l'exécution de certaines requêtes nécessite seulement un accès aux vues matérialisées au lieu des données sources. En contrepartie, la matérialisation entraîne un surcoût de maintenance des vues. En effet, les vues matérialisées doivent être mises à jour lorsque les données sources changent afin de conserver la cohérence et l'intégrité des données. De plus, chaque vue matérialisée nécessite également un espace de stockage supplémentaire qui doit être pris en compte au moment de la sélection. Le problème de choisir quelles sont les vues à matérialiser de manière à réduire les coûts de traitement des requêtes étant donné certaines contraintes tel que l'espace de stockage et le coût de maintenance, est connu dans la littérature sous le nom du problème de la sélection de vues. Trouver la solution optimale satisfaisant toutes les contraintes est un problème NP-complet. Dans un contexte distribué constitué d'un ensemble de noeuds ayant des contraintes de ressources différentes (CPU, IO, capacité de l'espace de stockage, bande passante réseau, etc.), le problème de la sélection des vues est celui de choisir un ensemble de vues à matérialiser ainsi que les noeuds du réseau sur lesquels celles-ci doivent être matérialisées de manière à optimiser les coût de maintenance et de traitement des requêtes.Notre étude traite le problème de la sélection de vues dans un environnement centralisé ainsi que dans un contexte distribué. Notre objectif est de fournir une approche efficace dans ces contextes. Ainsi, nous proposons une solution basée sur la programmation par contraintes, connue pour être efficace dans la résolution des problèmes NP-complets et une méthode puissante pour la modélisation et la résolution des problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire. L'originalité de notre approche est qu'elle permet une séparation claire entre la formulation et la résolution du problème. A cet effet, le problème de la sélection de vues est modélisé comme un problème de satisfaction de contraintes de manière simple et déclarative. Puis, sa résolution est effectuée automatiquement par le solveur de contraintes. De plus, notre approche est flexible et extensible, en ce sens que nous pouvons facilement modéliser et gérer de nouvelles contraintes et mettre au point des heuristiques pour un objectif d'optimisation.Les principales contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes. Tout d'abord, nous définissons un cadre qui permet d'avoir une meilleure compréhension des problèmes que nous abordons dans cette thèse. Nous analysons également l'état de l'art des méthodes de sélection des vues à matérialiser en en identifiant leurs points forts ainsi que leurs limites. Ensuite, nous proposons une solution utilisant la programmation par contraintes pour résoudre le problème de la sélection de vues dans un contexte centralisé. Nos résultats expérimentaux montrent notre approche fournit de bonnes performances. Elle permet en effet d'avoir le meilleur compromis entre le temps de calcul nécessaire pour la sélection des vues à matérialiser et le gain de temps de traitement des requêtes à réaliser en matérialisant ces vues. Enfin, nous étendons notre approche pour résoudre le problème de la sélection de vues à matérialiser lorsque celui-ci est étudié sous contraintes de ressources multiples dans un contexte distribué. A l'aide d'une évaluation de performances extensive, nous montrons que notre approche fournit des résultats de qualité et fiableView selection is important in many data-intensive systems e.g., commercial database and data warehousing systems to improve query performance. View selection can be defined as the process of selecting a set of views to be materialized in order to optimize query evaluation. To support this process, different related issues have to be considered. Whenever a data source is changed, the materialized views built on it have to be maintained in order to compute up-to-date query results. Besides the view maintenance issue, each materialized view also requires additional storage space which must be taken into account when deciding which and how many views to materialize.The problem of choosing which views to materialize that speed up incoming queries constrained by an additional storage overhead and/or maintenance costs, is known as the view selection problem. This is one of the most challenging problems in data warehousing and it is known to be a NP-complete problem. In a distributed environment, the view selection problem becomes more challenging. Indeed, it includes another issue which is to decide on which computer nodes the selected views should be materialized. The view selection problem in a distributed context is now additionally constrained by storage space capacities per computer node, maximum global maintenance costs and the communications cost between the computer nodes of the network.In this work, we deal with the view selection problem in a centralized context as well as in a distributed setting. Our goal is to provide a novel and efficient approach in these contexts. For this purpose, we designed a solution using constraint programming which is known to be efficient for the resolution of NP-complete problems and a powerful method for modeling and solving combinatorial optimization problems. The originality of our approach is that it provides a clear separation between formulation and resolution of the problem. Indeed, the view selection problem is modeled as a constraint satisfaction problem in an easy and declarative way. Then, its resolution is performed automatically by the constraint solver. Furthermore, our approach is flexible and extensible, in that it can easily model and handle new constraints and new heuristic search strategies for optimization purpose. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows. First, we define a framework that enables to have a better understanding of the problems we address in this thesis. We also analyze the state of the art in materialized view selection to review the existing methods by identifying respective potentials and limits. We then design a solution using constraint programming to address the view selection problem in a centralized context. Our performance experimentation results show that our approach has the ability to provide the best balance between the computing time to be required for finding the materialized views and the gain to be realized in query processing by materializing these views. Our approach will also guarantee to pick the optimal set of materialized views where no time limit is imposed. Finally, we extend our approach to provide a solution to the view selection problem when the latter is studied under multiple resource constraints in a distributed context. Based on our extensive performance evaluation, we show that our approach outperforms the genetic algorithm that has been designed for a distributed setting
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Song, Myoungkyu. "Supporting Effective Reuse and Safe Evolution in Metadata-Driven Software Development". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19369.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, metadata-driven software development has gained prominence. In this implementation model, various application concerns are provided as third-party frameworks and libraries that the programmer configures through metadata, such as XML configuration files or Java annotations. Metadata-driven software development is a special case of declarative programming: metadata serves as a domain-specific language that the programmer uses to declare various concerns, whose implementation is provided by an elaborate ecosystem of libraries and frameworks that serve as pre-defined application building blocks. Examples abound: transparent persistence mechanisms facilitate data management; security frameworks provide access control and encryption; unit testing frameworks provide abstractions for implementing and executing unit tests, etc. Metadata-driven software development has been particularly embraced in enterprise computing as a means of providing standardized solutions to common application scenarios. Despite the conciseness and simplicity benefits of metadata-driven software development, this implementation model introduces a unique set of reuse and evolution challenges. In particular, metadata is not reusable across application modules, and program evolution causes unsafe discrepancies between the main source code and its corresponding metadata. The research described in this dissertation addresses five fundamental problems of metadata-driven software development: (1) bytecode enhancements that transparently introduce concerns hinder program understanding and debugging; (2) mainstream enterprise metadata formats are hard to understand, evolve, and reuse; (3) concerns declared via metadata cannot be reused when source-to-source compiling emerging languages to mainstream ones; (4) metadata correctness cannot be automatically ensured as application source code is being refactored and enhanced; and (5) lacking built-in metadata, JavaScript programs can be enhanced with additional concerns only through manual source code changes.
The research described in this dissertation leverages domain-specific languages and automated code generation to enable effective reuse and safe evolution in metadata-driven software development. The specific innovations that address the problems outlined above are as follows: (1) a domain-specific language (DSL) describing bytecode enhancement that facilitates the understanding and debugging of additional concerns; (2) a novel metadata format expressed as a DSL that is easier to author, understand, reuse, and maintain than existing metadata formats; (3) automated metadata translation that enables effective reuse of target language additional concerns from source-to-source compiled source language programs; (4) metadata invariants---a new abstraction for expressing and verifying metadata coding convention; and (5) a new approach to declaratively enhancing JavaScript programs with additional concerns.
Ph. D.
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Luo, Tong. "Towards Simpler Argument Binding : Knowledge Gathering by Mining Logic Program Repositories". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296131.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The compositional relational programming (CRP) is a purely declarative and naturally compositional programming paradigm, but the low readability and some binding issues limit its use. The main purpose in this thesis is utilizing the common binding patterns identified from Prolog programs to improve current argument binding mechanism in CRP. In order to collect relevant Prolog rules and convert them to a measurable form, a data mining tool is built and applied to extract data from Prolog code repository. After the analysis, two kinds of patterns are identified respectively, based on the binding outside and inside the logical combination. Correspondingly, the projection operator make is optimized for highlighting the dummy argument; three extended and combinators are proposed to handle common binary combinations; the join operator is modified to efficiently and flexibly combine multiple predicates. In the future, the usability of those improved operators should be carefully evaluated.
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Ahmad, Kassem Ahmad. "Programming Networks with Intensional Destinations". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908354.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La programmation distribuée est une tâche difficile. Elle a énormément gagné en importance avec le développement des réseaux qui supportent un nombre croissant exponentiellement d'applications. Les systèmes distribués fournissent des fonctionnalités assurées par les noeuds qui forment un réseau et échangent des données et services, éventuellement par le biais de messages. La provenance du service n'est souvent pas pertinente, alors que sa fiabilité est essentielle. Notre objectif est de fournir un nouveau modèle de communication qui permet de spécifier intentionnellement lequel service est demandé, et non les noeuds qui le fournissent. Cette spécification intentionnelle des échanges offre un potentiel pour faciliter la programmation distribuée, garantir la persistance des données dans les messages et la résilience des systèmes, qui constituent le sujet de cette thèse. Nous proposons donc un cadre qui supporte des messages avec destinations intentionnelles, qui sont évaluées uniquement à la volée au fur et à mesure du déplacement des messages. Nous introduisons un langage, Questlog, qui gère les destinations intentionnelles. Contrairement aux langages à base de règles existants pour les réseaux, comme Datalog, qui suivent le mode push, Questlog permet d'exprimer des stratégies complexes afin de récupérer de manière récursive des données distribuées en mode pull. Le langage fonctionne sur une machine virtuelle qui s'appuie sur un SGBD. Nous démontrons l'approche avec des exemples pris dans deux domaines: (i) les architectures orientées données, où une classe restreinte d'applications client-serveur sont distribuées de manière transparente sur les systèmes pair-à-pair basés sur une DHT, (ii) les réseaux de capteurs sans fil, où un protocole de groupement des noeuds en clusters virtuels est proposé pour agréger les données. Dans ce protocole, les chefs des clusters sont élus à l'aide des destinations intentionnelles. Nos simulations sur la plate-forme QuestMonitor montrent que cette approche offre une simplicité, une modularité aux protocoles, ainsi qu'une fiabilité accrue.
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Dylus, Sandra [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Hanus e Janis [Gutachter] Voigtländer. "Effectful Programming in Declarative Languages with an Emphasis on Non-Determinism: Applications and Formal Reasoning / Sandra Dylus ; Gutachter: Janis Voigtländer ; Betreuer: Michael Hanus". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212434137/34.
Testo completo
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Nguyen, Thi Thanh Quynh. "A new approach for distributed programming in smart grids". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT079.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le principal défi du contrôle et de la gestion des réseaux électriques intelligents (Smartgrids) est la quantité de données à traiter. Les techniques classiques centralisées, même si elles offrent l’avantage de facilité de gestion par leur vision globale du réseau, ne supportent pas en pratique la croissance continue des volumes de données (bande passante limitée, goulot d’étranglement, quantité de calculs à assurer, etc.). Le passage à un contrôle et une gestion décentralisée (répartie), où le système est composé d’une multitude d’unités de calcul coopérantes, offre de très bonnes perspectives (robustesse, calcul au plus près des producteurs et consommateurs de données, exploitation de toutes les ressources disponibles), mais reste difficile à mettre en place. En effet, la programmation d’algorithmes distribués nécessite de prendre en compte les échanges de données et la synchronisation des unités participantes, cette complexité augmentant avec le nombre d’unités. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche innovante de programmation de haut niveau d’abstraction masquant ces difficultés.Tout d’abord, nous proposons d’abstraire l’ensemble des unités de calcul du Smartgrid (compteur intelligent, capteurs, concentrateurs de données, etc.) sous forme d’une base de données distribuées. Chaque unité de calcul hébergeant une base de données locale et seules les données nécessaires à la poursuite du calcul sont échangées avec d’autres unités, ce qui diminue l’utilisation de la bande passante disponible. L’utilisation d’un langage de manipulation de données déclaratif simplifiera la programmation des applications de contrôle et de gestion. Nous proposons également SmartLog, un langage à base de règles (basé sur le langage Datalog et ses dérivés) dédié à ces applications. Il facilite la programmation distribuée des applications Smartgrid en réagissant immédiatement à tout changement dans les données.Même avec un langage tel que SmartLog, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les échanges de données et la synchronisation des participants. C’est pourquoi nous proposons ensuite une approche simplifiant la programmation distribuée. Cette approche, nommée CPDE pour Centralized Programmation and Distributed Execution, consiste en deux étapes : (i) programmer l’application centralisée en SmartLog, car cela est plus facile, et (ii) traduire le programme centralisé en programme distribué en se basant sur la localisation réelle des données. Pour ce faire, nous proposons un algorithme de distribution semi-automatique des règles SmartLog.Afin de démontrer l’intérêt de CPDE, nous avons mené une expérimentation exhaustive en utilisant des applications et des algorithmes réellement utilisés dans les Smartgrids, telles que le contrôle secondaire dans les micro-réseaux isolés ou la régulation de tension équitable. L’expérimentation a été réalisée sur une plate-forme de simulation de réseau électrique temps réel, avec une machine de simulation OPAL-RT, et des un réseau Raspberry-Pi représentant les unités de calcul (leurs performances sont tout à fait comparables aux équipements réels). Cette expérimentation a permis de valider les comportements et les performances des programmes distribués conçus avec CPDE comparativement à leurs versions centralisées en SmartLog et à leurs versions de référence implantés en Java. Nous avons également étudié l’impact de différents paramètres, tels que le nombre d’unités de calcul ou les différentes alternatives de répartition des donnéesThe main challenge of smart grids control and management is the amount of data to be processed. Traditional, centralized techniques, even if they offer the advantage of the ease of management by their global grid vision, do not support in practice the continuous growth of data volumes (limited bandwidth, bottleneck, amount of calculations, etc.). The transition to decentralized(distributed)control and management, where the system is made up of a multitude of co-operating computing units, offers very good prospects (robustness, calculation close to the producers and consumers of data, exploitation of data in all available resources), but remains challenging to implement. In fact, the programming of distributed algorithms requires taking into account the data exchanges and the synchronization of the participating units; this complexity increases with the number of units. In this thesis, we propose an innovative approach of programming of a high level of abstraction masking these difficulties.First, we propose to abstract all Smartgrid computing units (smart meters, sensors, data concentrators, etc.) as a distributed database. Each computing unit hosts a local database and only the data needed to continue the calculation are exchanged with other units, which decreases the use of the available bandwidth. The use of a declarative data handling language will simplify the programming of control and management applications. Besides, we also propose SmartLog, a rule-based language (based on the Datalog language and its derivatives dedicated to these applications. It facilitates distributed programming of Smartgrid applications by immediately responding to any changes in the data.Even with a language such as SmartLog, it is necessary to take into account the data exchange and the synchronization of the participants. This is why we then propose an approach that simplifies distributed programming. This approach, named CPDE for Centralized Programming and Distributed Execution, consists of two steps: (i) programming the centralized application in SmartLog, as this is easier, and (ii) translating the centralized program into a distributed program based on the actual location of the data. To do this, we propose a semi-automatic Smartlog rule distribution algorithm.In order to demonstrate the interest of CPDE, we conducted a comprehensive experiment using applications and algorithms actually used in Smartgrids, such as secondary control in isolated micro-grids or fair voltage regulation. The experiment was carried out on a real-time electrical network simulation platform, with an OPAL-RT simulation machine, and a Raspberry-Pi network representing the computing units (their performances are quite comparable to the real equipment). This experiment allowed validating the behaviours and the performances of the distributed programs conceived with CPDE, and comparing to their centralized versions in SmartLog and their reference versions implanted in Java. The impact of different parameters, such as the number of calculation units or different data distribution alternatives, is studied as well
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VIANA, Daniel Leite. "Uma linguagem de domínio específico para descrição e reconhecimento de gestos usando sensores de profundidade". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15892.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Dissertacao DANIEL LEITE VIANA.pdf: 4297126 bytes, checksum: fa862ba18fe815a710afe7b3e591cee8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-11T14:13:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao DANIEL LEITE VIANA.pdf: 4297126 bytes, checksum: fa862ba18fe815a710afe7b3e591cee8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-10
Sistemas baseados em gestos vêm se tornando uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento de aplicações mais intuitivas para os usuários, pois permitem a esses usuários interagirem de forma mais natural. Tais sistemas, em geral, requerem dispositivos de captura junto com alguma técnica de reconhecimento para que os gestos requeridos na interação natural sejam reconhecidos. A ausência de abstrações apropriadas para representação dos gestos dificulta as especificações de novas interações naturais. A representação de um gesto, quase sempre, envolve Aprendizagem de Máquina ou um avançado algoritmo de reconhecimento baseado nos dados da posição tridimensional do corpo humano fornecidos por sensores de profundidade, tal como o Microsoft Kinect. Além disso, as aplicações desenvolvidas tornam-se dependentes das bibliotecas de desenvolvimento dos dispositivos. Dessa forma, se o dispositivo for substituído por outro mais moderno ou de fabricante diferente quase todo o algoritmo de reconhecimento precisa ser reescrito. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é a especificação e implementação da Linguagem para Especificação de Gestos (LEG), uma Domain-Specific Language (DSL) para a especificação e reconhecimento de gestos livres do corpo humano com suporte a diferentes dispositivos de profundidade. A LEG é uma linguagem declarativa, baseada na análise das interfaces gestuais para computador e no estudo das abstrações e representações do movimento humano, a fim de reduzir a complexidade no desenvolvimento de aplicações baseadas em gestos. A implementação da linguagem foi realizada em duas etapas. Primeiro, foi criado um framework (Kinect Gesture) com a lógica para rastrear e identificar gestos descritos na linguagem. Na segunda etapa, foi definida a gramática e o interpretador foi construído. A abordagem adotada foi de DSL externa, sendo sua sintaxe textual e particular. A fim de avaliar a implementação proposta, 15 (quinze) gestos foram especificados em LEG e reconhecidos. Tendo como referência os resultados obtidos, chegou-se a conclusão que a linguagem apresentada neste trabalho diminuiu consideravelmente a complexidade necessária para realizar a especificação e o reconhecimento dos gestos.
Systems Based-gestures are becoming an alternative to the development of more intuitive applications for users, because enable users to interact more naturally. Generally these systems need of capture devices together with some technique for gesture recognition. The lack of appropriate abstractions for the representation of gestures difficult to specifications of new natural interactions. For specify gesture, it is almost always necessary to acquire advanced knowledge in gesture recognition area and skills on chosen device and it is for this reason that the development of gestures is restricted. Often developers are using Machine Learning as support to creating database. Another approach is to create a recognition algorithm based on data from the depth sensor Kinect. Furthermore, due to the nature of the software development kits (SDK) provided by the hardware vendors to build gesture-based applications, the developed applications often become tightly coupled with the SDK. The result is that significant portions of the application need to be rewritten to run it on another device. The main goal of this dissertation is to implement and evaluate GSL (Gesture Specific Language), a Domain-Specific Language for specification and identification of gestures with support to different depth sensors. GSL is a declarative programming language based on the analysis of gestural interfaces for computer and study of abstractions and representations of human movement, in order to reduce the complexity in application development based on gestures. The development was conducted in two phases: the first was implemented a framework (Kinect Gesture) with logic for tracking and identify gestures. In the second phase, we built an grammar and a compiler. We adopted a external DSL approach, with specific and textual syntax. In order to evaluate the proposed implementation, we used GSL for specification and recognition of fifteen gestures. The results obtained show that GSL reduced considerably the complexity on perform the specification and the recognition of gestures.
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Contreras, Ochando Lidia. "Towards Data Wrangling Automation through Dynamically-Selected Background Knowledge". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/160724.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
[ES] El proceso de ciencia de datos es esencial para extraer valor de los datos. Sin embargo, la parte más tediosa del proceso, la preparación de los datos, implica una serie de formateos, limpieza e identificación de problemas que principalmente son tareas manuales. La preparación de datos todavía se resiste a la automatización en parte porque el problema depende en gran medida de la información del dominio, que se convierte en un cuello de botella para los sistemas de última generación a medida que aumenta la diversidad de dominios, formatos y estructuras de los datos.
En esta tesis nos enfocamos en generar algoritmos que aprovechen el conocimiento del dominio para la automatización de partes del proceso de preparación de datos. Mostramos la forma en que las técnicas generales de inducción de programas, en lugar de los lenguajes específicos del dominio, se pueden aplicar de manera flexible a problemas donde el conocimiento es importante, mediante el uso dinámico de conocimiento específico del dominio. De manera más general, sostenemos que una combinación de enfoques de aprendizaje dinámicos y basados en conocimiento puede conducir a buenas soluciones. Proponemos varias estrategias para seleccionar o construir automáticamente el conocimiento previo apropiado en varios escenarios de preparación de datos. La idea principal se basa en elegir las mejores primitivas especializadas de acuerdo con el contexto del problema particular a resolver.
Abordamos dos escenarios. En el primero, manejamos datos personales (nombres, fechas, teléfonos, etc.) que se presentan en formatos de cadena de texto muy diferentes y deben ser transformados a un formato unificado. El problema es cómo construir una transformación compositiva a partir de un gran conjunto de primitivas en el dominio (por ejemplo, manejar meses, años, días de la semana, etc.). Desarrollamos un sistema (BK-ADAPT) que guía la búsqueda a través del conocimiento previo extrayendo varias meta-características de los ejemplos que caracterizan el dominio de la columna. En el segundo escenario, nos enfrentamos a la transformación de matrices de datos en lenguajes de programación genéricos como R, utilizando como ejemplos una matriz de entrada y algunas celdas de la matriz de salida. También desarrollamos un sistema guiado por una búsqueda basada en árboles (AUTOMAT[R]IX) que usa varias restricciones, probabilidades previas para las primitivas y sugerencias textuales, para aprender eficientemente las transformaciones.
Con estos sistemas, mostramos que la combinación de programación inductiva, con la selección dinámica de las primitivas apropiadas a partir del conocimiento previo, es capaz de mejorar los resultados de otras herramientas actuales específicas para la preparación de datos.[CA] El procés de ciència de dades és essencial per extraure valor de les dades. No obstant això, la part més tediosa del procés, la preparació de les dades, implica una sèrie de transformacions, neteja i identificació de problemes que principalment són tasques manuals. La preparació de dades encara es resisteix a l'automatització en part perquè el problema depén en gran manera de la informació del domini, que es converteix en un coll de botella per als sistemes d'última generació a mesura que augmenta la diversitat de dominis, formats i estructures de les dades. En aquesta tesi ens enfoquem a generar algorismes que aprofiten el coneixement del domini per a l'automatització de parts del procés de preparació de dades. Mostrem la forma en què les tècniques generals d'inducció de programes, en lloc dels llenguatges específics del domini, es poden aplicar de manera flexible a problemes on el coneixement és important, mitjançant l'ús dinàmic de coneixement específic del domini. De manera més general, sostenim que una combinació d'enfocaments d'aprenentatge dinàmics i basats en coneixement pot conduir a les bones solucions. Proposem diverses estratègies per seleccionar o construir automàticament el coneixement previ apropiat en diversos escenaris de preparació de dades. La idea principal es basa a triar les millors primitives especialitzades d'acord amb el context del problema particular a resoldre. Abordem dos escenaris. En el primer, manegem dades personals (noms, dates, telèfons, etc.) que es presenten en formats de cadena de text molt diferents i han de ser transformats a un format unificat. El problema és com construir una transformació compositiva a partir d'un gran conjunt de primitives en el domini (per exemple, manejar mesos, anys, dies de la setmana, etc.). Desenvolupem un sistema (BK-ADAPT) que guia la cerca a través del coneixement previ extraient diverses meta-característiques dels exemples que caracteritzen el domini de la columna. En el segon escenari, ens enfrontem a la transformació de matrius de dades en llenguatges de programació genèrics com a R, utilitzant com a exemples una matriu d'entrada i algunes dades de la matriu d'eixida. També desenvolupem un sistema guiat per una cerca basada en arbres (AUTOMAT[R]IX) que usa diverses restriccions, probabilitats prèvies per a les primitives i suggeriments textuals, per aprendre eficientment les transformacions. Amb aquests sistemes, mostrem que la combinació de programació inductiva amb la selecció dinàmica de les primitives apropiades a partir del coneixement previ, és capaç de millorar els resultats d'altres enfocaments de preparació de dades d'última generació i més específics.
[EN] Data science is essential for the extraction of value from data. However, the most tedious part of the process, data wrangling, implies a range of mostly manual formatting, identification and cleansing manipulations. Data wrangling still resists automation partly because the problem strongly depends on domain information, which becomes a bottleneck for state-of-the-art systems as the diversity of domains, formats and structures of the data increases. In this thesis we focus on generating algorithms that take advantage of the domain knowledge for the automation of parts of the data wrangling process. We illustrate the way in which general program induction techniques, instead of domain-specific languages, can be applied flexibly to problems where knowledge is important, through the dynamic use of domain-specific knowledge. More generally, we argue that a combination of knowledge-based and dynamic learning approaches leads to successful solutions. We propose several strategies to automatically select or construct the appropriate background knowledge for several data wrangling scenarios. The key idea is based on choosing the best specialised background primitives according to the context of the particular problem to solve. We address two scenarios. In the first one, we handle personal data (names, dates, telephone numbers, etc.) that are presented in very different string formats and have to be transformed into a unified format. The problem is how to build a compositional transformation from a large set of primitives in the domain (e.g., handling months, years, days of the week, etc.). We develop a system (BK-ADAPT) that guides the search through the background knowledge by extracting several meta-features from the examples characterising the column domain. In the second scenario, we face the transformation of data matrices in generic programming languages such as R, using an input matrix and some cells of the output matrix as examples. We also develop a system guided by a tree-based search (AUTOMAT[R]IX) that uses several constraints, prior primitive probabilities and textual hints to efficiently learn the transformations. With these systems, we show that the combination of inductive programming with the dynamic selection of the appropriate primitives from the background knowledge is able to improve the results of other state-of-the-art and more specific data wrangling approaches.
This research was supported by the Spanish MECD Grant FPU15/03219;and partially by the Spanish MINECO TIN2015-69175-C4-1-R (Lobass) and RTI2018-094403-B-C32-AR (FreeTech) in Spain; and by the ERC Advanced Grant Synthesising Inductive Data Models (Synth) in Belgium.
Contreras Ochando, L. (2020). Towards Data Wrangling Automation through Dynamically-Selected Background Knowledge [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/160724
TESIS
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Håkansson, Anne. "Graphic Representation and Visualisation as Modelling Support for the Knowledge Acquisition Process". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Computer Science, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3812.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis describes steps taken towards using graphic representation and visual modelling support for the knowledge acquisition process in knowledge-based systems – a process commonly regarded as difficult. The performance of the systems depends on the quality of the embedded knowledge, which makes the knowledge acquisition phase particularly significant. During the acquisition phase, a main obstacle to proper extraction of information is the absence of effective modelling techniques.
The contributions of the thesis are: introducing a methodology for user-centred knowledge modelling, enhancing transparency to support the modelling of content and of the reasoning strategy, incorporating conceptualisation to simplify the grasp of the contents and to support assimilation of the domain knowledge, and supplying a visual compositional logic programming language for adding and modifying functionality.
The user-centred knowledge acquisition model, proposed in this thesis, applies a combination of different approaches to knowledge modelling. The aim is to bridge the gap between the users (i.e., knowledge engineers, domain experts and end users) and the system in transferring knowledge, by supporting the users through graphics and visualisation. Visualisation supports the users by providing several different views of the contents of the system.
The Unified Modelling Language (UML) is employed as a modelling language. A benefit of utilising UML is that the knowledge base can be modified, and the reasoning strategy and the functionality can be changed directly in the model. To make the knowledge base more comprehensible and expressive, we incorporated visual conceptualisation into UML’s diagrams to describe the contents. Visual conceptualisation of the knowledge can also facilitate assimilation in a hypermedia system through visual libraries.
Visualisation of functionality is applied to a programming paradigm, namely relational programming, often employed in artificial intelligence systems. This approach employs Venn-Euler diagrams as a graphic interface to a compositional operator based relational programming language.
The concrete result of the research is the development of a graphic representation and visual modelling approach to support the knowledge acquisition process. This approach has been evaluated for two different knowledge bases, one built for hydropower development and river regulation and the other for diagnosing childhood diseases.
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Channac, Stéphance. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'un système déclaratif de géométrie dynamique". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004819.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse a pour objet de montrer la faisabilité d'un système de "géométrie dynamique déclarative". Un tel système, GDRev (pour Géométrie Déclarative Réversible) a été conçu et réalisé, dans l'optique de l'enseignement de la géométrie. D'un point de vue conceptuel, GDRev repose sur la définition d'un langage logique, ELDL (pour Extented Logical Description Language), pour l'expression de spécifications de "figures" (l'objet mathématique sous-jacent à un dessin) : il intègre la possibilité de spécifications modulaires et récursives, via l'usage de "clauses". Au niveau dessin, GDRev est pourvu d'un langage de construction et d'animation dont la sémantique est définie à l'aide de ELDL. L'interface, qui peut être vu comme une extension déclarative de celle de Cabri-Géomètre, doit assurer, d'une façon originale, d'une part des fonctionnalités équivalentes par manipulation directe sur la figure et sur le dessin, d'autre part un invariant imposant la cohérence temporelle entre figure et dessin. D'un point de vue algorithmique, GDRev résout les contraintes géométriques par "coopération de solveurs" reposant sur un schéma de "programmation concurrente avec contraintes". Trois résolveurs généraux (linéaires, quadratiques, intervalle) coopèrent avec trois résolveurs spécifiques et originaux : complétion d'objets (créant automatiquement des objets), complétion de propriétés (ajoutant automatiquement des propriétés redondantes à la figure), règle et compas (calculant une construction optimisée de la figure pour l'animation du dessin). D'un point de vue pratique, GDRev est réalisé par interopérabilité entre les interfaces écrites en Visual C++ et le résolveur de contraintes géométriques écrit en Prolog IV. Les expérimentations réalisées ont donné des résultats encourageants en particulier en ce qui concerne le choix des heuristiques utilisées.
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Ahlert, Hubert. "Um modelo não procedural de especificação e implementação voltado a sistemas transacionais em banco de dados". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/9006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Esta tese de doutorado apresenta um modelo de especificação, textual e grafico, para sistemas transacionais em banco de dados (ER/T+) e, também, um modelo de implementação desta especificação. Sugere uma técnica de proceduralização de especificações declarativas, usando um grafo de dependencia de fluxos de dados para estabelecer a relação de precedecia entre os fluxos do diagrama da linguagem gráfica de especificação. Apresenta, também, os mecanismos de execução da linguagem de especificação proposta e as regras de mapeamento da linguagem de especificação, em seus aspectos estruturais (dados) e comportamentais (transações), para correspondentes construções na linguagem de implementação (C e SQL). Adicionalmente, são discutidos aspectos de otimização de consultas no âmbito da linguagem de especificação de transações e, também, aspectos de aninhamento de consultas para combinar diversos fluxos do diagrama ER/T+ em expressões complexas de consultas SQL.This Ph.D thesis presents a graphic and textual specification model for database transactions systems (ER/T+) and, also, an implementation model for this specification. Suggest a proceduralization technique for declarative specifications using a data flow dependency graph to establish a precedence relation between the diagram flows of the graphics specification language. Furthermore it presents the execution mechanism of the proposal specification language and the behavioral and structural rules for mapping the specification language into corresponding implementation language (C and SQL) constructions. Additionaly, are discussed query optimization aspects for transaction specification language and aspects of nested queries to combine various ER/T+ diagram flows into complex SQL query expressions
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Rytych, Maxim. "Možnosti deklarativního programování v jazyku Java 8". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202113.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper concerns itself with possibilities of declarative programming in the new version of Java 8 language, specifically using elements adopted from the domain of functional programming languages: function as a value and lazy streams of data. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate possibilities of declarative programming using these elements, analyze its implementation and design own extensions. The contribution lies particularly in showing possibilities of the new elements, implementation analysis and design of a new functionality. The output can be used by a Czech reader, who is at least slightly advanced in the field of information technologies. The paper is divided into a theoretical and practical parts. Theoretical part is covered by chapters 3-8. Theoretical part describes motivation for introduction of the new elements, describes functional programming and its basic principles, then it shows basic principles of the newly introducted elements and ends with the description of the java.util.stream package. Pactical part is covered by chapters 9 and 10. Practical part concerns with stream oper-ations and extension design of existing functionality.
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Kreuger, Per. "Computational Issues in Calculi of Partial Inductive Definitions". Doctoral thesis, Decisions, Networks and Analytics lab, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-21196.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We study the properties of a number of algorithms proposed to explore the computational space generated by a very simple and general idea: the notion of a mathematical definition and a number of suggested formal interpretations ofthis idea. Theories of partial inductive definitions (PID) constitute a class of logics based on the notion of an inductive definition. Formal systems based on this notion can be used to generalize Horn-logic and naturally allow and suggest extensions which differ in interesting ways from generalizations based on first order predicate calculus. E.g. the notion of completion generated by a calculus of PID and the resulting notion of negation is completely natural and does not require externally motivated procedures such as "negation as failure". For this reason, computational issues arising in these calculi deserve closer inspection. This work discuss a number of finitary theories of PID and analyzethe algorithmic and semantical issues that arise in each of them. There has been significant work on implementing logic programming languages in this setting and we briefly present the programming language and knowledge modelling tool GCLA II in which many of the computational prob-lems discussed arise naturally in practice.Also published as SICS Dissertation no. SICS-D-19
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Van, der Walt Paul. "A language-independent methodology for compiling declarations into open platform frameworks". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0288/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans le domaine des plates-formes ouvertes, l’utilisation des cadriciels (frameworks) enrichis par des déclarations pour exprimer les permissions de l’application est de plus en plus répandue. Ceci est une réaction logique au fait qu’il y a une explosion d’adoption des appareils embarqués et mobiles. Leur omniprésence dans notre vie quotidienne engendre des craintes liées à la sécurité et à la vie privée, car l’usager partage de plus en plus ses données et ressources privées avec des tiers qui développent des applications auxquelles on n’a pas de raison de faire confiance. Malheureusement, la manière dont ces langages de spécification ainsi que ces cadres d’applications sont développés est généralement assez ad hoc et repose sur un domaine d’application et un langage de programmation fixes. De plus, ces cadriciels ne sont pas assez restrictifs pour régler le problème de la fuite de données privées et ne donnent souvent pas non plus assez d’informations à l’usager sur le comportement attendu de l’application. Cette thèse présente une méthodologie généraliste pour développer des cadriciels dirigés par des déclarations, qui cible un spectre large de langages de programmation. Nous montrons comment des langages de déclaration expressifs permettent de spécifier avec modularité les droits d’accès aux ressources ainsi que le flux de contrôle d’une telle application. Ces langages peuvent ensuite être compilés en un cadriciel garantissant à l’usager final le respect de ces permissions. Par rapport aux cadriciels existants, notre méthodologie permet de guider la personne qui développe des applications à partir des spécifications ainsi que d’informer l’usager final sur l’usage des ressources sensibles. Contrairement aux travaux existants, la méthodologie présentée dans cette thèse ne repose par sur un langage de programmation particulier. Nous montrons comment mettre en oeuvre de tels cadriciels dans un spectre de langages : des langages avec typage statique ou dynamique, et suivant le paradigme objet ou fonctionnel. L’efficacité de l’approche est montrée à travers des prototypes dans le domaine des applications mobiles dans deux langages très différents, à savoir Java et Racket, ce qui montre la généralité de notre approcheIn the domain of open platforms, it has become common to use application programming frameworks extended with declarations that express permissions of applications. This is a natural reaction to ever more widespread adoption of mobile and pervasive computing devices. Their wide adoption raises privacy and safety concerns for users, as a result of the increasing number of sensitive resources a user is sharing with non-certified third-party application developers. However, the approach to designing these declaration languages and the frameworks that enforce their requirements is often ad hoc, and limited to a specific combination of application domain and programming language. Moreover, most widely used frameworks fail to address serious privacy leaks, and, crucially, do not provide the user with insight into application behaviour. This dissertation presents a generalised methodology for developing declaration-driven frameworks in a wide spectrum of host programming languages. We show that rich declaration languages, which express modularity, resource permissions and application control flow, can be compiled into frameworks that provide strong guarantees to end users. Compared to other declaration-driven frameworks, our methodology provides guidance to the application developer based on the specifications, and clear insight to the end user regarding the use of their private resources. Contrary to previous work, the methodology we propose does not depend on a specific host language, or even on a specific programming paradigm. We demonstrate how to implement declaration-driven frameworks in languages with static type systems, completely dynamic languages, object-oriented languages, or functional languages. The efficacy of our approach is shown through prototypes in the domain of mobile computing, implemented in two widely differing host programming languages, demonstrating the generality of our approach
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Yang, Dekun. "Investigation of a new integration test environment : Facilitating offline debugging of Hardware-in-the-Loop". Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177199.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Advanced automatic testing is very important in development and research within the vehicle industry. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems give the ability to validate Electronic Control Units (ECUs) based on software simulation without gathering all of the physical hardware. This enables testing by providing inputs and examining the corresponding outputs of the ECUs in a simpler and safer way than in traditional physical testing. HIL offers the advantage that we can verify and validate the functions of ECUs prior to full-scale hardware production. On the contrary, because HIL systems are normally released as general-purpose test beds, it takes time to embed them into the current system. Additionally, the question of how to fill the gap between the HIL and the test environment is even more critical when the test bed is expected to be used for a long period of time without modifications. Furthermore, HIL systems are precious. It is not practical and will be considered as a waste of resource if it is used exclusively by testers. Scania’s RESI group uses Client-Server architecture to make it more flexible. The HIL system is hosted at server side while the testers operate it at client side. This architecture enables different implementations of client and server as long as a same protocol is applied, but this still does not solve the problem that the HIL is not always accessible when the testers want to debug their scripts. The testers want to find a solution to achieve this goal offline (without servers). To solve the problem, we first investigated which programming languages are used in the industry. Without doubt, there is no dominant language that ideally suits all situations, so secondly, we developed a new test environment. The new environment including “Dummy Mode” and “Mat Mode” is able to provide script validation service on basic and logic levels without servers. The result shows the Dummy mode is able to reach a higher detection rate (99.3%) on simple errors comparing to the current environment (81.3%). By reproducing and reusing the result of HIL system, Mat mode is able to identify logic errors and provide better assistance when the logic errors are found. In general, the proposed environment is able to show a better way of using HIL which makes the whole system more efficient and productive.I fordonsindustrin ställs stora krav på avancerad automatiserad testning. För att utvärdera Electronic Control Units (ECUs) används så kallade Hardware-In-the-Loop-system (HIL) för att simulera den omkringliggande hårdvaran. Detta möjliggör enklare samt säkrare testning av ECU-komponenterna än vid traditionell fysisk testning. Med hjälp av HIL kan ECUs testas innan en fullskalig produktion sätts igång. Då HIL-system vanligtvis utvecklas för ett brett användningsområde kan det ta tid att skräddarsy dem för ett specifikt system. Ett annat viktigt problem vi ställs inför är skillnaderna mellan HIL-systemet och testmiljön, då testfallen förväntas att användas en längre tid utan förändringar. Vidare är HIL-system kostsamma. Det anses vara varken praktiskt eller ekonomiskt att låta HIL-system enbart användas av testare. Scanias RESI-grupp använder en klient-server-arkitektur för att åstadkomma flexibilitet HIL-systemet körs på serversidan medan testarna arbetar på klientsidan. Den här typen av arkitektur öppnar upp för olika implementationer på klient- samt serversida, förutsatt att samma kommunikationsprotokoll används. En nackdel med den nuvarande lösningen är att HIL-systemet inte alltid finns tillgängligt när testarna vill felsöka deras programskript. Testarna vill hitta en lösning där det går att utföra felsökningen lokalt, utan tillgång till servrar. För att kunna lösa problemet undersöktes först vilka programmeringsspråk som används inom industrin. Undersökningen visar på att det finns inget programmeringsspråk som är idealt för alla ändamål. Vidare utvecklades en ny testmiljö som tillhandahåller testlägena "Dummy Mode" samt "Mat Mode". Testmiljön kan användas för att validera programskript på grund- och logiknivå utan att kommunicera mot servrar. Resultatet visar att "Dummy Mode" detekterar upp till 99.3% av enklare typ av fel än motsvarande 81.3% i nuvarande testmiljön. Genom att reproducera och återanvända resultat av HIL-systemet kan “Mat Mode” identifiera logikfel samt ge en bättre indikation om vad felen innebär. Generellt sätt kan den föreslagna testmiljön visa på ett bättre användande av HIL, som gör hela systemet mer effektivt och produktivt.
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Saldamli, Levon. "PDEModelica : a high-level language for modeling with partial differential equations /". Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7281.
Testo completo
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Ouali, Abdelkader. "Méthodes hybrides parallèles pour la résolution de problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire : application au clustering sous contraintes". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC215/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les problèmes d’optimisation combinatoire sont devenus la cible de nombreuses recherches scientifiques pour leur importance dans la résolution de problèmes académiques et de problèmes réels rencontrés dans le domaine de l’ingénierie et dans l’industrie. La résolution de ces problèmes par des méthodes exactes ne peut être envisagée à cause des délais de traitement souvent exorbitants que nécessiteraient ces méthodes pour atteindre la (les) solution(s) optimale(s). Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés au contexte algorithmique de résolution des problèmes combinatoires, et au contexte de modélisation de ces problèmes. Au niveau algorithmique, nous avons appréhendé les méthodes hybrides qui excellent par leur capacité à faire coopérer les méthodes exactes et les méthodes approchées afin de produire rapidement des solutions. Au niveau modélisation, nous avons travaillé sur la spécification et la résolution exacte des problématiques complexes de fouille des ensembles de motifs en étudiant tout particulièrement le passage à l’échelle sur des bases de données de grande taille. D'une part, nous avons proposé une première parallélisation de l'algorithme DGVNS, appelée CPDGVNS, qui explore en parallèle les différents clusters fournis par la décomposition arborescente en partageant la meilleure solution trouvée sur un modèle maître-travailleur. Deux autres stratégies, appelées RADGVNS et RSDGVNS, ont été proposées qui améliorent la fréquence d'échange des solutions intermédiaires entre les différents processus. Les expérimentations effectuées sur des problèmes combinatoires difficiles montrent l'adéquation et l'efficacité de nos méthodes parallèles. D'autre part, nous avons proposé une approche hybride combinant à la fois les techniques de programmation linéaire en nombres entiers (PLNE) et la fouille de motifs. Notre approche est complète et tire profit du cadre général de la PLNE (en procurant un haut niveau de flexibilité et d’expressivité) et des heuristiques spécialisées pour l’exploration et l’extraction de données (pour améliorer les temps de calcul). Outre le cadre général de l’extraction des ensembles de motifs, nous avons étudié plus particulièrement deux problèmes : le clustering conceptuel et le problème de tuilage (tiling). Les expérimentations menées ont montré l’apport de notre proposition par rapport aux approches à base de contraintes et aux heuristiques spécialiséesCombinatorial optimization problems have become the target of many scientific researches for their importance in solving academic problems and real problems encountered in the field of engineering and industry. Solving these problems by exact methods is often intractable because of the exorbitant time processing that these methods would require to reach the optimal solution(s). In this thesis, we were interested in the algorithmic context of solving combinatorial problems, and the modeling context of these problems. At the algorithmic level, we have explored the hybrid methods which excel in their ability to cooperate exact methods and approximate methods in order to produce rapidly solutions of best quality. At the modeling level, we worked on the specification and the exact resolution of complex problems in pattern set mining, in particular, by studying scaling issues in large databases. On the one hand, we proposed a first parallelization of the DGVNS algorithm, called CPDGVNS, which explores in parallel the different clusters of the tree decomposition by sharing the best overall solution on a master-worker model. Two other strategies, called RADGVNS and RSDGVNS, have been proposed which improve the frequency of exchanging intermediate solutions between the different processes. Experiments carried out on difficult combinatorial problems show the effectiveness of our parallel methods. On the other hand, we proposed a hybrid approach combining techniques of both Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and pattern mining. Our approach is comprehensive and takes advantage of the general ILP framework (by providing a high level of flexibility and expressiveness) and specialized heuristics for data mining (to improve computing time). In addition to the general framework for the pattern set mining, two problems were studied: conceptual clustering and the tiling problem. The experiments carried out showed the contribution of our proposition in relation to constraint-based approaches and specialized heuristics
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Carlson, Paul M. "Algorithm animation in a declarative visual programming language". Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35252.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How might capabilities for algorithm animation be seamlessly integrated into a programming language that is both visual and declarative? Until now, visual programming language researchers have not attempted to answer that question, making the fruits of algorithm animation available only to users of textual programming languages. Users of visual programming languages (VPLs) have been deprived of the unique semantic insights algorithm animation offers, insights that would foster the understanding and debugging of visual programs.
We have answered the question by seamlessly integrating algorithm animation capabilities into Forms/3, a general-purpose, declarative VPL. Our results show that such a VPL can support algorithm animation without leaving the declarative, visual model, without adding new concepts to the language or how to program in it, and without deviating from the uniform representation established for the language. In addition, our research shows that the characteristics of declarative VPLs result in some interesting algorithm animation features not found in other systems.Graduation date: 1995
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Erdem, Esra. "Theory and applications of answer set programming". Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3101204.
Testo completo
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Djang, Rebecca W. (Rebecca Walpole). "Similarity inheritance : a model of inheritance for declarative visual programming languages". Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33868.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Declarative visual programming languages (VPLs), including spreadsheets, make
up a large portion of both research and commercial VPLs. Spreadsheets in particular
enjoy a wide audience, including end users. Unfortunately, spreadsheets and most other
declarative VPLs still suffer from some of the problems that have been solved in other
languages, such as ad-hoc (cut-and-paste) reuse of code which has been remedied in
object-oriented languages, for example, through the code-reuse mechanism of
inheritance. We believe spreadsheets and other declarative VPLs can benefit from the
addition of an inheritance-like mechanism for fine-grained code reuse. This dissertation
first examines the opportunities for supporting reuse inherent in declarative VPLs, and
then introduces similarity inheritance and describes a prototype of this model in the
research spreadsheet language Forms/3. Similarity inheritance is very flexible, allowing
multiple granularities of code sharing and even mutual inheritance; it includes explicit
representations of inherited code and all sharing relationships, and it subsumes the
current spreadsheet mechanisms for formula propagation, providing a gradual migration
from simple formula reuse to more sophisticated uses of inheritance among objects.
Since the inheritance model separates inheritance from types, we investigate what notion
of types is appropriate to support reuse of functions on different types (operation
polymorphism). Because it is important to us that immediate feedback, which is
characteristic of many VPLs, be preserved, including feedback with respect to type
errors, we introduce a model of types suitable for static type inference in the presence of
operation polymorphism with similarity inheritance.Graduation date: 1999
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Wolf, Robert Pawel. "Declarative computer music programming: using Prolog to generate rule-based musical counterpoints". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/96913.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This submission for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Elder Conservatorium of Music, University of Adelaide, is presented as a conventional, text-based thesis, supported by computer code and audio files. The primary purpose of this research investigation in the field of Artificial Intelligence has been to test the capabilities of the declarative programming paradigm to generate musical counterpoints within the framework of a specially created expert system. The project has tested if such a contrapuntal expert system can evolve through a process of mutation of its own code and generate musical counterpoints that do not conform exactly with the original programming. It presents for the first time a music based study of this capacity for code self-modification. The expert system developed for this project was constructed declaratively, using the Prolog computer language, rather than the more common imperative approach. Although it is a General-Purpose language, Prolog is particularly effective in the construction of Artificial Expert Systems, because its unique declarative programming style allows the programmer to focus on describing the problem rather than describing how to solve the problem. This leaves to the machine the task of finding the solution to the given problem. The problem in this case is how to generate - artificially – simple counterpoints to short melodic phrases drawn from the cantus firmus tradition. As part of the problem solving process the expert system was taken through a series of evolutionary experiments with Artificial Neural Networks used as a fitness function.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Elder Conservatorium of Music, 2015
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Agrawal, Anurag. "The expressive power and declarative attributes of exception handling in Forms/3". Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33734.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Exception handling is a programming language feature that can help increase the
reliability of programs. However, not much work has been done on exception handling in
visual programming languages. We present an approach for improving the exception
handling mechanism in Forms/3, a declarative visual programming language based on the
spreadsheet paradigm. We show how this approach can be added without sacrificing
referential transparency and lazy evaluation in Forms/3. We then present a comparison of
the Forms/3 exception handling mechanism with the mechanisms available in Java, C++,
Prograph, Haskell and Microsoft Excel, based on their expressive powers.Graduation date: 1998
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Chen, Roger Ding-Fu. "Guarantees and requirements : implementation and complexity analysis of a new model of types for declarative visual programming languages". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33386.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Djang et al. [1998] introduced a new model of types for declarative visual programming languages (VPLs). Implicit static typing is used in their type model, in order to eliminate the programming mechanisms associated with type declarations, provide immediate visual feedback with respect to type errors and guarantee type safe programs. Their type model also evaluates types on a level of granularity that is finer than in previous approaches to types. Instead of evaluating types on the basis of abstract names, their model determines a set of operations that an object guarantees and compares this set to the set of operations this object is required to support. If the set of required operations is a subset of the set of guaranteed operations, then the object is considered type safe. This granularity provides their model with the ability to support inheritance without introducing explicit type declarations and to communicate type errors to users without requiring the user to understand a large set of terminology. These features of their model attempt to provide VPL users with more powerful programming capabilities without the introduction of a high learning curve.
In this thesis, an implementation of the Djang et al.'s model of types is presented. Data structures and algorithms are developed that conform to the axioms prescribed by Djang et al. The space and time complexity analyses for our data structures and algorithms are examined. Our implementation provides new insights into the cost and performance of the Djang et al.'s type model.Graduation date: 2000
50
Ferraris, Paolo 1972. "Expressiveness of answer set languages". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Answer set programming (ASP) is a form of declarative programming oriented towards difficult combinatorial search problems. It has been applied, for instance, to plan generation and product configuration problems in artificial intelligence and to graph-theoretic problems arising in VLSI design and in historical linguistics. Syntactically, ASP programs look like Prolog programs, but the computational mechanisms used in ASP are different: they are based on the ideas that have led to the development of fast satisfiability solvers for propositional logic. ASP is based on the answer set/stable model semantics for logic problems, originally intended as a specification for query answering in Prolog. From the original definition of 1988, the semantics was independently extended by different research groups to more expressive kinds of programs, with syntax and semantics that are incompatible with each other. In this thesis we study how the various extensions are related to each other. In order to do that, we propose another definition of an answer set. This definition has three main characteristics: (i) it is very simple, (ii) its syntax is more general than the usual concept of a logic program, and (iii) strong theoretical tools can be used to reason on it. About (ii), we show that our syntax allows constructs defined in many other extensions of the answer sets semantics. This fact, together with (iii), allows us to study the expressiveness of those constructs. We also compare the answer set semantics with another important formalism developed by Norm McCain and Hudson Turner, called logic.text