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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Debt relief"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Debt relief"

Koren, Stephan. "Debt Relief". Eastern European Economics 33, n. 6 (novembre 1995): 65–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1995.11648579.

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Hayri, Aydin. "Debt relief". Journal of International Economics 52, n. 1 (ottobre 2000): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(99)00033-1.

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Rowson, Mike, e Sarah Finer. "Debt relief". BMJ 322, Suppl S6 (1 giugno 2001): 0106172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0106172.

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Easterly, William. "Debt Relief". Foreign Policy, n. 127 (novembre 2001): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3183290.

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Peschke, Karl-Heinz. "Debt Crisis and Debt Relief". Irish Theological Quarterly 70, n. 4 (dicembre 2005): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002114000507000404.

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Calvo, Guillermo A., e Graciela L. Kaminsky. "Debt relief and debt rescheduling". Journal of Development Economics 36, n. 1 (luglio 1991): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(91)90003-e.

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Comparato, Guido. "Debt and Relief". European Review of Contract Law 15, n. 1 (20 marzo 2019): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2019-0001.

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Abstract The awareness that consumer over-indebtedness is a problem which needs to be tackled through specific measures most clearly emerged at the end of a period in which increased availability of retail financial services was presented as a means to promote consumers’ welfare. While, on the one hand, over-indebtedness is regarded as a problem to be counteracted, European law and policy, on the other hand, promote indebtedness, leading to a fragile equilibrium between opposing purposes which permeate the regulatory framework. How can the two objectives be reconciled, allowing for well-ordered development of a credit-based economy in which debtors in financial trouble are not left behind? This paper suggests the necessity of taking a holistic approach to over-indebtedness, starting from the assumption that, rather than being the manifestation of individual inability to properly deal with finance, the phenomenon is inherent to a credit economy and that modern law must therefore tackle it systematically through a combination of measures: private and public, contractual and non-contractual, preventive and curative, national and supranational. While articulating a critique of some of the rationales underlying ‘debt law’, the paper highlights the necessary interrelation between the possible legal strategies against household over-indebtedness and the need to coordinate them in order to reach an adequate level of protection.

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Davidson, Neil. "International debt relief". Lancet 347, n. 9012 (maggio 1996): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)91051-x.

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Boterere, Shammah, e André Boraine. "South Africa’s NINA debtor plight: Lessons from the Scottish consumer debt relief system post the Covid-19 pandemic". South African Mercantile Law Journal 35, n. 1 (2023): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/samlj/v35/i1a2.

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In this article, the authors consider the plight of the so-called No Income No Asset (NINA) debtors against the backdrop of debt relief measures provided for this category of debtors who find themselves in a debt trap. It is a well-known fact that South African insolvency law does not provide sufficient debt relief measures for all types of debts, and those, like the NINA debtors, who are effectively excluded from the relief afforded by the sequestration and ultimately rehabilitation procedures of the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 have no proper statutory measure to provide a discharge of debt in instances where they may desperately need it. It is submitted that the debt restructuring mechanisms provided by the administration procedure and debt review measure, are not sufficient since these do not offer a discharge. Reference is made to the newly proposed debt intervention procedure that may provide some relief in this regard, but it is argued that the legislature needs to consider further procedures to deal with their plight. With the view of making some recommendations for reform, aspects of mainly the Scottish system of debt relief measures are also considered.

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Krugman, Paul R. "Debt Relief Is Cheap". Foreign Policy, n. 80 (1990): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1148579.

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Tesi sul tema "Debt relief"

Abendanon, Lucille. "Debt relief for economics or debt relief for the people? : a critical analysis of the heavily indebted poor countries initiative". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53347.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIPC Initiative offers qualifying heavily indebted poor countries the opportunity to renege on their debt obligations in return for an emphatic commitment to poverty reduction and reform. This dissertation assesses the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative in light of the fact that one third of the world's population continues to live on an average of US$1 per day. In evaluating the HIPC Initiative one simple question is posed: taking into consideration the abject poverty experienced by over a billion people in the developing world, and the urgency with which it must be addressed, is the HIPC Initiative extensive enough, deep enough or broad enough to effectively challenge worldwide poverty? Using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the dissertation investigates this question by examining the divergent points of view offered by the World Bank and IMF on the one hand, and NGOs on the other as they comment on the most hotly debated issues surrounding the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative. The analysis leads us to an evaluation of the following issues: establishing debt sustainability to qualify for HIPC relief; the issue of conditionality and the use of poverty reduction strategy papers; funding the HIPC Initiative; the likelihood of HIPCs escaping the debt trap after HIPC relief; and finally, how the HIPC Initiative is contributing to attaining the Millennium Development Goals is evaluated. After probing the stances of the World Bank and IMF, and the contrasting views of NGOs the conclusions indicate that the HIPC Initiative is neither extensive, deep nor broad enough to effectively challenge poverty, or to provide indebted poor countries with a lasting escape from the burden of unsustainable debt.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Inisiatief bied aan arm lande met 'n groot skuldlas, wat kwalifiseer vir hulp, die geleentheid om hul skuldverpligtings af te las in ruil vir 'n definitiewe verbintenis tot armoede-vermindering en -hervorming. Hierdie verhandeling evalueer die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief teen die agtergrond van die feit dat een derde van die wêreld se bevolking op 'n gemiddelde van een Amerikaanse Dollar per dag oorleef. Hierdie evaluering van die HIPC Inisiatief stel 'n eenvoudige vraag: Is die HIPC Inisiatief voldoende en uitgebreid genoeg om die uitdaging van wêreldwye armoede aan te spreek indien 'n mens die uiterste armoede van meer as 'n biljoen mense in ontwikkelende gebiede in ag neem, sowel as die dringendheid waarmee dit aangespreek moet word? Deur van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik te maak, ondersoek die verhandeling hierdie vraag deur uiteenlopende gesigspunte van die Wêreldbank en die Internasionale Monitêre Fonds (IMF) aan die een kant, en Nie- Regerings Orginisasies (NRO's) s'n aan die ander kant, te ondersoek aan die hand van hul kommentaar op die belangrikste kwessies oor die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief. Hierdie ontleding lei tot 'n evaluering van die volgende kwessies: bepaling van lande se potensiaal om met terugbetalings vol te hou ten einde vir hulp deur die HIPC te kwalifiseer; die kwessie van voorwaardelikheid en die gebruik van armoedeverligtingstrategieë; befondsing van die HIPC Inisiatief; die moontlikheid dat die HIPC's die skuldstrikke na toepassing van HIPC-bystand sal ontsnap; en laastens, hoe die HIPC Inisiatief se bydrae tot die bereiking van die Millenium Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte geëvalueer word. Die standpunte van die Wêreld Bank en die IMF sowel as die teengestelde sienings van die NRO's word ondersoek. Die gevolgtrekking toon dat dat die HIPC Insiatief nie uitgebreid, diep of breed genoeg is om armoede doeltreffend hok te slaan nie, of om skuldlastige arm lande te help om finaal van hul skuldlas te ontsnap nie.

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Elnasri, Amani Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "The impact of debt relief in low-income countries". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26779.

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The perceived lack of conclusive quantitative evidence on the macroeconomic effects of debt relief in low-income countries has generally blurred the image of debt relief efforts and left the issues of its effectiveness and efficiency open to debate and dispute. This thesis seeks to shed more light on the subject by providing some further empirical evidence. This objective is achieved by performing an empirical investigation of two effects of debt relief. First, the study examines the debt relief-new borrowing relationship in a multivariable regression framework. The results that emerge suggest that, on average, debt relief can be beneficial in reducing the future new borrowing of Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs). This conclusion, to some extent, is in line with the goals of HIPCs debt relief initiatives in reducing external debt burdens of those countries to sustainable levels. However, it presents a challenge to the views of William Easterly on the ???perverse incentive effects??? of ???continuing waves??? of debt relief that are said to lead to further debt accumulation of a similar magnitude to replace old cancelled debt. Second, the analysis explores the influence of debt relief on domestic investment behaviour in developing countries. Debt relief is found to have a positive effect on domestic investment in countries with good policy environments. This result suggests that debt relief would be more effective in promoting domestic investment if it were more cautiously conditioned on sound policy frameworks.

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Osunlaja, Tobi T. "Consumer debt relief in Nigeria : a comparative analysis". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46001.

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Nigeria arguably has one of the largest economies in Africa and boasts of a high level of economic activity. This is in part attributable to a large population of 160 million, with most being youths (65%). It would be expected that due to the high level of economic activity, there would be a workable and practical system for indebted consumers to obtain debt relief. Paradoxically, Nigeria boasts of a bankruptcy practice system that is comatose and non-existent. Laws regulating bankruptcy in Nigeria have been in existence in Nigeria since 1979 and are entrenched in the Bankruptcy Act. However, the nation is yet to record a successful case of bankruptcy through the available legal channels. A plethora of problems are responsible for the dire state of insolvency practice in Nigeria. These problems include the present legislative frame work, problems of obsolete laws, judicial attitudes, problems of enforcement, challenge of overburdened courts, to mention but a few. The Bankruptcy Act provides for bankruptcy proceedings as a major debt relief measure available to a consumer debtor and composition and re-arrangement as alternative debt relief measures to bankruptcy. These debt relief measures are said to be cumbersome in nature as the Bankruptcy Act provides that debt must first be judicially established in a separate proceeding before bankruptcy proceedings can be instituted against a debtor. Also, the Bankruptcy Act does not provide for adequate debt relief measures for consumer debtors. For instance, in New Zealand, England and Wales, there is a debt relief measure for debtor’s that do not have assets or income that is the No Income No Assets (NINA) debtors. Provision for this category of debtors is not available in Nigeria. This work is a comparative study of consumer debt relief measures in South Africa, Denmark and New Zealand and is intended to highlight the strengths of these systems so that Nigeria can learn from them and fashion out a better debt relief system from the findings made. This work seeks to make recommendations and propose reforms for a better debt relief system principally through the amendment of the present Bankruptcy Act. Also that the Nigerian system must provide for a comprehensive and unified bankruptcy legislation that makes provision for non-judicial and viable alternative debt relief measures other than bankruptcy proceedings. This would give a consumer debtor the opportunity to choose the most appropriate procedure that would grant relief from indebtedness. These non-judicial procedures would also help solve the problem of over burdening of the courts, enhance speedy adjudication of bankruptcy matters and make debt relief measures available to a consumer debtor at little or no cost. Furthermore, the work also incorporates recommendations from the International Association of Restructuring, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Professionals (INSOL International) Consumer Debt Report and the World Bank report on ―The treatment of the insolvency of natural persons‖. These recommendations propose policy guidelines for insolvency reforms in nations of the world and gives practical suggestions on how to make these procedures less cumbersome and readily available for debtors.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Mercantile Law
LLM
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Williams, Thomas Cephis. "Long-term oil warrants--an application to Venezuelan debt relief". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27974.

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Masilela, David Davi. "Discharge as a component of debt relief in South Africa". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43172.

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Vopařilová, Radka. "Is Debt Cancellation a Good Way to go?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1013.

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The issue of the high levels of external debt in the poorest nations has become an increasing matter of concern for the industrialized nations due to the difficulties that heavily indebted nations have with sustaining economic growth. In 2005 the Group of Eight pledged to cancel the debt of the world?s most indebted countries that are eligible for the relief under the Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative. Based on this pledge, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund approved the debt cancellation in March 2006, with debt cancellation commencing on June 1, 2006. As a reaction, this thesis provides an overview of arguments in favor of debt cancellation as well as against debt cancellation as they are introduced in economic literature. After presenting and taking all the points of view into consideration this thesis comes to the conclusion whether the debt cancellation is a good way to go.

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Hepp, Ralf H. "Effects of debt relief on foreign aid, growth and health expenditures /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Udagawa, Mitsuhiro. "Debt relief in international society : international responses to the debt problem of the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435633.

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Tengstam, Sven. "Essays on smallholder diversification, industry location, debt relief, and disability and utility /". Göteborg : Dept. of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Univ., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/18846.

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Larnemark, Martin. "The Incentive Effects from Debt Relief : A Theoretical Analysis of Two Opposing Views". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6394.

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This thesis seeks to provide an extensive theoretical framework for the potential incentive

effects from debt relief. The objective is achieved by integrating the positive incentive

model by Krugman with a negative incentive framework developed by drawing on the

theories of a soft budget constraint. The analysis shows that the existence of bailouts

offers the possibility that debt relief can produce negative incentives for the debtor

instead of positive incentives for improved performance. Taking on a game theoretical

perspective suggests that strategic behavior in the interaction between the debtor and the

creditor can increase the likelihood of a specific incentive effect to prevail. Such an

interactive game also highlights the importance for the creditor to obtain reliable

information about the behavior of the debtor.

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Libri sul tema "Debt relief"

Hayri, Aydin. Debt relief. Coventry: Warwick University, Department of Economics, 1996.

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Hayri, Aydin. Debt relief. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1997.

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Friedman, Benjamin M. Debt restructuring. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Mistry, Percy S. The evolving debt strategy & foreign debt negotiations. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Estudos Avançados, 1992.

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Chauvin, Nicolas Depetris. Who gets debt relief ? [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.

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Daniel, Cohen. Debt, debt relief, and growth: A bargaining approach. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): International Economics Dept., The World Bank, 1991.

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Claessens, Stijn. Conditionality and debt relief. Washington, DC (1818 H St. NW, Washington 20433): International Economics Dept., World Bank, 1989.

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Arslanalp, Serkan. Is debt relief efficient? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Berthélemy, Jean-Claude. Debt relief and growth. Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1994.

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Arslanalp, Serkan. Is debt relief efficient? Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Debt relief"

Dimitriu, Cristian. "Debt Relief". In Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 228–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_27.

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Czerkawski, Chris. "Debt Relief Techniques". In Theoretical and Policy-Oriented Aspects of the External Debt Economics, 107–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84549-9_7.

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Abbott, George C. "Britain’s Debt Relief Programme". In Economic Development and World Debt, 309–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20044-3_24.

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Oshewolo, Roseline, e Segun Oshewolo. "Debt Crisis, Structural Reforms and Debt Relief". In Nigerian Politics, 259–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50509-7_13.

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Wang, Xiaojing, e Anne Marie Ward. "Debt Relief Systems: Equitable Allocation". In Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_54-1.

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Wang, Xiaojing, e Anne Marie Ward. "Debt Relief Systems: Equitable Allocation". In Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management, 1100–1104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25984-5_54.

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Addison, Tony, Henrik Hansen e Finn Tarp. "Introduction". In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 3–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_1.

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Heltberg, Rasmus, Kenneth Simler e Finn Tarp. "Public Spending and Poverty in Mozambique". In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 209–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_10.

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Dabla-Norris, Era, John M. Matovu e Paul R. Wade. "Debt Relief, Demand for Education and Poverty". In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 241–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_11.

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Morrissey, Oliver. "Making Debt Relief Conditionality Pro-Poor". In Debt Relief for Poor Countries, 267–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522329_12.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Debt relief"

Kromková, Júlia. "Uzbek-Russian Relations: Debt Relief (Case Study)". In EDAMBA 2023: 26th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. Bratislava: University of Economics in Bratislava, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2023.9788022551274.116-127.

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The purpose of this article is to explore the dynamics of Uzbek-Russian bilateral relations. The topic is covered in the context of historical development but also with respect to current issues that shape international agenda. The paper identifies areas of existing cooperation and defines potential areas for improvement and future developments. We also examine limits and threats to deepening bilateral cooperation. This article employs also a case study approach to examine the impact of the debt relief program with Russia, which was agreed upon in 2014. The case study was conducted using a range of sources, including a review of official documents and news reports to provide a comprehensive analysis. In the article, we point out that Uzbek-Russian relations have been complex over time, with Uzbekistan pursuing a pragmatic approach based on the tradition of political realism. The relations are still dynamically changing and updating due to the need to protect and promote national interests in uncertain times, updates of the country’s foreign policy priorities, or global trends reflected by the state leaders also at the bilateral level.

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Gao, Ming, e Ravi Krishnamurthy. "Investigate Performance of Current In-Line Inspection Technologies for Dents and Dent Associated With Metal Loss Damage Detection". In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31409.

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Integrity management of dent and dent associated with metal loss requires knowledge of in-line inspection (ILI) technologies, government regulations and industry codes, prescriptive requirements, and most importantly assessment models to estimate severity of the mechanical damage. The assessment models have greatly relied on the assumed capabilities of current ILI technologies to detect, discriminate and size the mechanical damage. Therefore, an investigation of the current ILI technologies and validation of their capabilities are practically important. In this paper, the current status of ILI technologies for dent and dent with metal loss is reviewed. Validation data provided by ILI inspection vendors and pipeline operators are analyzed in terms of probability of detection (POD), probability of identification (POI), probability of false call (POFC), and sizing accuracy using binomial probability distribution and confidence interval methods. Linear regression analysis is also performed to determine sizing error bands. High resolution pull test data validated with LaserScan 3-D mapping technology is used to demonstrate a better evaluation of ILI performance with minimized in-ditch measurement errors and the effect of change in dent geometry and dimension due to re-bounding and re-rounding. Issues associated with field measurement and improvement are discussed.

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Albuquerque, Danyllo, Ferdinandy Chagas, Everton Guimaraes, Graziela Tonin, Mirko Perkusich, Hyggo Almeida e Angelo Perkusich. "Shedding Light on How Intelligent Techniques can Support Technical Debt Management and Influence Software Quality Attributes". In Workshop Brasileiro de Engenharia de Software Inteligente. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ise.2022.227051.

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Technical Debt (TD) is a consequence of decision-making in the development process that can negatively impact Software Quality Attributes (SQA) in the long term. Technical Debt Management (TDM) is a complex task to minimize TD that relies on a decision process based on multiple and heterogeneous data that are not straightforward to synthesize. Recent studies show that Intelligent Techniques can be a promising opportunity to support TDM activities since they explore data for knowledge discovery, reasoning, learning, or supporting decision-making. Although these techniques can improve TDM activities, there is a need to identify and analyze solutions based on Intelligent Techniques to support TDM activities and their impact on SQA. For doing so, a Systematic Mapping Study was performed, covering publications between 2010 and 2020. From 2276 extracted studies, we selected 111 unique studies. We found a positive trend in applying Intelligent Techniques to support TDM activities being Machine Learning and Reasoning Under Uncertainty the most recurrent ones. Design and Code were the most frequently investigated TD types. TDM activities supported by intelligent techniques impact different characteristics of SQA, mainly Maintainability, Reliability, and Security. Although the research area is up-and-coming, it is still in its infancy, and this study provides a baseline for future research.

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Kainat, Muntaseer, Amandeep Virk, Nader Yoosef-Ghodsi e Steven Bott. "Implementation of API 1183 Recommended Practice for Reliability-Based Assessment of Dents in Liquid Pipelines". In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87320.

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Abstract Prior to the publication of API 1183 (Recommended Practice for Assessment and Management of Pipeline Dents) in 2020, there was no industry consensus on one method to evaluate the Fitness for Purpose for dents to be implemented in integrity management programs. Regulations in Canada and the United States regarding the repair of dents are primarily based on depth and interaction with stress risers. API 1183 has put forth specific methodologies for screening and detailed assessment of dents which consider both strain-based and fatigue-based failure mechanisms. Enbridge Liquid Pipelines had previously presented a framework to support systemwide dent assessment with an efficient reliability-based approach. Following the publication of API 1183, this approach has been further modified to comply with the API recommendations for dent assessment. Both the screening and detailed analyses within this framework account for the properties of the pipe, dent, and interacting features, the operating condition and history of the line, restraint condition, and associated uncertainties. These analysis techniques combine inline inspection results and engineering analysis with their uncertainties, providing a means for quantitative assessment of dents. This paper demonstrates the alignment of Enbridge’s dent management framework with API 1183 recommendations, and discusses the modifications made for probabilistic assessment of dents. In the absence of specific guidelines for probabilistic assessment in API 1183, Enbridge relied on relevant publications and industry best practices for considering uncertainties within the probabilistic assessment. This framework has been implemented for systemwide analysis with over 5,000 geometric anomalies assessed to date. From this implementation experience, the challenges with probabilistic analysis and potential areas of further improvement have been identified and discussed in detail in this paper. In particular, the recommendations in API 1183 regarding dent fatigue assessment, and the fatigue life reduction factor due to weld interaction are observed to be overly conservative. Overall, the reliability-based dent management framework following API 1183 recommendations have proven to be effective, but inefficient due to being overly conservative. Efforts have been made to validate, and where possible, to calibrate the techniques through comparison to experimental results, field findings, and historical failures. These efforts have enabled Enbridge to tackle the over-conservatism of the models for certain combinations and ranges of operating parameters through novel techniques, which are described in this paper.

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Sager, Ryan, Fernando Curiel e Chris Holliday. "Key Considerations for Elastic Finite-Element Modeling of Pipeline Dents for Fatigue Assessments". In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87142.

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Abstract The assessment of the remaining life of dents in pipelines generally relies on characterizing the structural response to pressure loading and combining a known pressure history with S-N curves to determine a fatigue life. A robust method for determining the structural response of a dent to pressure loading is through the determination of a Stress-Concentration Factor (SCF) derived from the modelling of the dent using Finite-Element Analysis (FEA). For simplicity, most SCF assessments rely on the use of unrestrained models derived directly from deflection data recorded by ILI or laser scan; however, this application can lead to overly high predictions of SCF values when evaluating restrained dents. Explicit modelling of restraint using bespoke indenter profiles and elastic-plastic material models can be used to derive more appropriate SCF values for restrained dents; however, this requires significantly more analytical effort and can sacrifice the fidelity of the shape for complex geometry. An approach that utilizes the efficient modeling and high fidelity of unrestrained elastic models would provide the industry with a reliable and repeatable process for evaluating the fatigue response of restrained dents. The methodology presented within this paper will seek to validate reasonable bounds for unrestrained elastic models that can be applied to cases where restrained dents are indicated. This paper will investigate the feasibility of a plasticity-restraint correction factor that could be applied to elastic SCFs and discuss the implications for dent fatigue assessments. The response of restrained elastic-plastic models will be compared to the response to elastic models for a range of indenter shapes to show the feasibility of this correction factor.

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Zhou, Qianyu, e Jiong Tang. "Part Surface Inspection Through Semi-Supervised Learning to Overcome Limited Data Challenge". In ASME 2023 18th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2023-105105.

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Abstract Surface inspection plays an important role in manufacturing of parts with complicated geometry. Specifically, the timely detection of minor defects, e.g., dent and scratches, in small-sized parts such as engine blades before acceptance is usually the final step of quality assurance. Current practice, however, mainly relies on human decision which is subjective and labor intense. In this research we propose an automated, image-based inspection system that utilizes robotic automation to acquire images of a part being inspected and employs machine learning to facilitate decision making. The data acquisition aims at high-resolution images that can thoroughly reflect the surface features of parts. While deep learning is leveraged, a series of advancements are designed to overcome the challenges of limited data and especially limited number of labels (i.e., parts with defects) during the initial training process. We synthesize a semi-supervised learning framework, building upon the residual neural network (ResNet) as well as the deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN), to extract features from the ground truth data and synthetic data. The performance boost of synthetic samples is investigated with different dataset sizes and validated.

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Hadžić, Faruk, e Nebojša Savanović. "FISCAL POLICY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - AN INSTRUMENT FOR FASTER GROWTH OR ECONOMIC STAGNATION?" In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0008.

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The paper investigates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth, foreign direct investment and employment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The focus of research is fiscal policy, which as a lever of economic policy that affects economic growth and development. The aim of the research is to determine the impact of fiscal policy on the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and propose solutions for higher growth and development, a higher degree of foreign direct investment and reducing the unemployment rate. The results of the research show that the fiscal policy for the years that are the subject of the research, has affected the public debt of the state. High taxes and contributions have contributed to the spread of the gray economy, fiscal discipline is at a low level due to the management in this way of this lever of economic policy. Public financial management should be one of the key macroeconomic goals, with special emphasis on fiscal policy. The research went in the direction of analyzing current trends and proposals for improving the situation. The research aims to show the current statistical impact of variables on gross domestic product, on growth and development and the impact after the application of expansionary fiscal policy on the same variables. It is recommended that economic policy be conducted in the direction of releasing additional funds through the redistribution of taxes in favor of workers, in the direction of capital investments that will repay themselves, to reduce the rate of taxes and contributions on wages and with incentives for investors, to go towards stimulating production and tax reliefs for export-oriented activities with an effort to try to produce products whose production is possible in our conditions, and all this is mostly possible with the implementation of an expansive fiscal policy.

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Futch, David B., Chantz Denowh e Josh Wilson. "A Comprehensive New Look at Type B Sleeves". In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87078.

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Abstract Type B full encirclement steel sleeves have been used for the past fifty-plus years as a viable repair method for most, if not all, features encountered on a pipeline. A Type B sleeve includes an in-service weld at both ends of the sleeve. The science behind performing these welds in a safe manner has greatly evolved over the past 20+ years. However, many of the original concepts regarding the design and application of a steel sleeve have not been further examined since the original research on the subject. This paper investigates a series of sleeve circumstances to better understand the long-term integrity of the common repair method. The circumstances examined within this paper include: the effect of a fabricated sleeve vs split pipe, the influence of the Bauschinger effect on fabricated sleeve properties, the effect of filler material applied within a dent, the effect of steel sleeve fit-up, and the influence of a mill groove relief for a longitudinal backing strip. All test configurations examined confirm the long-term integrity of a Type B sleeve, however, the information presented in this paper from the above tests can be used when utilizing a Type B sleeve as a permanent repair. A combination of sub-scale and full-scale tests were performed to fully investigate the circumstances mentioned above. Sub-scale tests were performed to evaluate the Bauschinger effect, which indicated minimal effect from the fabrication processes of the sleeve. Full-scale tests were performed for the remaining circumstances. Through a series of one-for-one comparison tests, a fabricated steel sleeve performed in an equivalent manner to split pipe. The application of filler material, and the application of a suitable filler material, had a large effect on the load sharing of the repair. During this test protocol, tight fitting sleeves resulted in a life approximately 3.5 times longer than one installed in a loose manner. While a mill groove did not affect the life of the sleeve, it does result in a tighter fitting sleeve, shown to have a significant benefit if the sleeve becomes pressurized.

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Grueso Hierro, Alicia. "Conferencias performativas (1923-2020): del Circo de Ramón Gómez de la Serna al Circo Interior Bruto". In V Congreso Internacional de Investigacion en Artes Visuales ANIAV 2022. RE/DES Conectar. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav2022.2022.15569.

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Los discursos de Ramón Gómez de la Serna han sido hasta la fecha poco estudiados, sin embargo, sabemos que constituyen uno de los pilares de creación más fecundos e innovadores del artista. Durante más de treinta años, Ramón cultivó una forma de habla como soporte plástico, haciendo una escritura viva deudora de una filosofía por el objeto y la imagen sonora. Sus conferencias pueden hoy leerse con una óptica actualizada, siendo ejemplos tempranos de la llamada Conferencia Performativa. A lo largo de la historia del arte y en concreto a partir de los años cincuenta del s. XX, observamos piezas escénicas que continúan la estela ramoniana, desarrollando una tipología de oralidad, cómica, política y estética, íntimamente asociada a la del escritor vanguardista. La vía que apunta Ramón y que conecta con el interés de las artes futuras es un imperativo carnal. La nueva literatura que el autor defiende es un ESTADO DEL CUERPO, como él mismo escribe, con mayúsculas. Son las prácticas orales en escena continuadas por artistas como La Ribot, Los Torreznos, Esther Ferrer o Juan Dominguez, donde podremos ver su resonancia y la confluencia de un modo particular de concebir el diálogo con la audiencia. Dentro del género Conferencia Performance, Ramón debe ser mencionado como gran precursor y conector de eventos que distan cien años, pero cuya influencia permite releer bajo el mismo paraguas conceptual las acciones de toda una generación postmoderna en España. El trabajo constatará la supervivencia del orador performativo a través del tiempo. El objetivo será interpretar la nueva oralidad con ejemplos que continúan las características metaoratorias que prefiguró con múltiples intervenciones en directo, Ramón Gómez de la Serna.

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Reepmeyer, Oskar, Per Lothe, Sverre Valsgard, Marion Erdelen-Peppler e Gerhard Knauf. "Full Scale Gas Leak Test at a Large Diameter X-80 DSAW Pipe". In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10005.

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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an emerging marine transportation technology for natural gas. Knutsen OAS Shipping’s Pressurized Natural Gas (PNG®) System is one of several concepts. PNG® provides sufficient pipeline gas storage volume by pressurizing at ambient temperature without any additional gas treatment. One ship classification society published rules and two other developed guidelines for the approval and classification of this new technology. The idea is already more than some decades old, but today in applying state of the art pipeline technology instead of traditional pressure vessel codes, this technology has become economically viable. The main difference to a pipeline is that the cylinder’s main design criterion is not burst but fatigue due to the frequent charging and discharging process in the transportation chain. For PNG, EUROPIPE supplies assembled cargo tank cylinders. Several successful hydraulic full scale fatigue tests have been carried out in the accordance with the requirements in Det Norske Veritas rules for CNG Carriers. The result was always that a fatigue crack penetrated the cylinder wall creating a leak without break in excess of the required lifetime limits. This local failure mode enables gas detection and safe pressure relief of an effected cargo tank cylinder in operation on a ship. The integrity of a cargo tank cylinder under gas pressure in presence of a gas leak was not investigated during these tests. Due to the leak, gas escapes from the cylinder and the pressure decay leads to a temperature drop due to the Joule-Thomson Effect. It should be determined that a fatigue crack of certain maximum size does not become unstable due to the temperature drop and deterioration of the toughness properties of the material which would lead to rupture of the cylinder. The leak before failure diagrams available to evaluate a critical crack length for a given load were verified in a real environment with decreasing temperature of the escaping gas and the cylinder material. The temperature measurements were used to verify models to determine the temperature profile of the gas and the cylinder material resulting from the Joule-Thomson Effect during blow down. Also the impact of the escaping gas on a cylinder placed adjacent to the leaking cylinder at the same distance as in a ship was measured. This test is not only of interest for CNG cylinders onboard ships, but the results are also of high interest for pipelines transporting natural gas under higher pressure.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Debt relief"

Arslanalp, Serkan, e Peter Blair Henry. Debt Relief. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maggio 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12187.

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Arslanalp, Serkan, e Peter Blair Henry. Is Debt Relief Efficient? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, gennaio 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10217.

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Edwards, Sebastian. Debt Relief and Fiscal Sustainability. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maggio 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8939.

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Sachs, Jeffrey. Conditionality, Debt Relief, and the Developing Country Debt Crisis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luglio 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2644.

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Vergara, Rodrigo, e Sebastián Edwards. Fiscal Sustainability, Debt Dynamics and Debt Relief: The Cases of Nicaragua and Honduras. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009172.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between fiscal policy, aggregate public sector debt sustainability, and debt relief. In particular, we develop a methodology to compute the fiscal policy path that is compatible with aggregate debt sustainability in the post-HIPC era (Highly Indebted Poor Countries relief initiative). This model explicitly considers the role of domestic debt, and quantifies the extent to which future debt sustainability depends on the availability of concessional loans at subsidized interest rates. The working of the model is illustrated for the cases of Honduras and Nicaragua. Both countries differ markedly in terms of the burdens of their external and internal debts. The results from our simulation analysis indicate that unless Nicaragua receives substantial concessional aid in the future, its public sector debt is likely to become unsustainable. In the case of Honduras, our simulation exercise shows that under reasonable parameters the country's fiscal stance as of 2001 is sustainable.

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Arslanalp, Serkan, e Peter Blair Henry. Debt Relief: What Do the Markets Think? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, dicembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9369.

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Gluzmann, Pablo, Martin Guzman e Joseph Stiglitz. An Analysis of Puerto Rico's Debt Relief Needs to Restore Debt Sustainability. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25256.

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Reinhart, Carmen, e Christoph Trebesch. A Distant Mirror of Debt, Default, and Relief. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, ottobre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20577.

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Dhar, Biswajit. Why G20’s debt-relief strategy is failing. A cura di Bharat Bhushan. Monash University, settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/111c-7970.

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Piskorski, Tomasz, e Amit Seru. Debt Relief and Slow Recovery: A Decade after Lehman. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, dicembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25403.

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