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1
Aleksiayevych, H. V. "Czech borrowings in the Old Belarusian and Old Ukrainian written languages". Movoznavstvo 317, n. 2 (20 aprile 2021): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-317-2021-2-003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article assesses the role of the Old Belarusian and the Old Ukrainian languages in the development of Czech-Eastern Slavonic linguistic relations in the 14th–18th centuries. There were both direct and indirect ways of Czech language influence on the Old Belarusian and the Old Ukrainian written languages. The 15th century saw favourable conditions for military-political alliance between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Bohemia. The emergence and development of these relations was accompanied by diplomatic activity: for instance, Grand Dukes Vitovt and Svidryhailo had correspondence in Latin and Old Czech with the Czech Hussites. Contacts in the military-political, socio-religious and cultural-educational spheres contributed to the development of Czech-East Slavic language ties. Translations of the Czech written texts into Old Belarusian and Old Ukrainian («The Life of Alexei the Man of God», «The Story of Apollo of Tyre», «Lucidarius», «The Song of Songs», «The Tale of Toadal», «The Tale of the Prophetess Sibylline», «The Trojan Story»), use of the Czech legal texts in writing Galicia-Volyn letters in the 14th and early 15th centuries. The use of Czech legal texts in Galicia-Volyn monuments (Norman Statute of 1438–1439, Statutes of 1529, 1566, 1588, Lithuanian Metric Acts) contributed to the direct penetration of Bohemianisms into the Old Belarusian and Old Ukrainian writing. Although there were channels through which Czech linguistic elements could be directly borrowed into Old-Belarusian and Old-Ukrainian, the main channel for their penetration was Polish. Through the Polish mediation Bohemian loanwords were borrowed from various lexical-semantic groups, mainly from religious, military, socio-political and economic, everyday life vocabulary. The similar conditions of borrowing of Bohemianisms in Old Belarusian and Old Ukrainian are obviously the main reason why Bohemianisms in both languages are close in number and chronology of written fixation. This similarity is especially noticeable against the background of Old Russian data, where bohemisms were recorded later and in smaller numbers
2
Kopřivová, Marie, e Kateřina Šichová. "Proverbs in Contemporary Czech. Corpus Probe into Written Texts". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 74, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2023-0027.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The paper deals with the possibility of creating a paremiological optimum for students of Czech as a foreign language. The selection of proverbs should reflect the frequency, familiarity with and use of proverbs. The study focuses on the most frequent proverbs in written Czech, using contemporary idiomatically annotated corpora. On this basis, our own minimum was created. The paper compares the results with previous studies on the paremiological minima of Czech (Schindler 1993 and Čermák 2003) and shows the intersection of all three minima.
3
Engelbrecht, Wilken. "The Genesis of the Idea ‘Dutch Written Literature’ in Bohemia". Werkwinkel 11, n. 1 (1 giugno 2016): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/werk-2016-0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Since mid-19th century Dutch and Flemish literature has often been translated into Central European languages. We find authors like Conscience, Multatuli or Heijermans almost everywhere, often with the same works. Until the late 19th century translations were often made via German. Czech had a special position. Though there is not that much translated into this language as into German, until World War II Czech was the language into which was translated more than into other Central European languages. Until the 20s many translators were writers themselves. This gives rise to questions such as how the choice was made, what is the position of a particular author or his work within translated literature? How was Dutch literature defined? In this paper, we give a look how the choice was made, at the position of translators of Dutch literature in the late 19th and early 20th century in the Czech literary field, the position of Dutch in their work and how this literature was received in translation.
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Hulešová, Martina. "Development of a Framework of Reference for Sign Languages and Reference Level Descriptors for Czech Sign Language". CEFR Journal - Research and Practice 5 (31 dicembre 2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltsig.cefr5-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The CEFR is a well-known, useful, and widely exploited tool used for many European languages, as well as in some non- European language contexts. Most of the contexts where the CEFR is used concern spoken languages. However, regarding sign languages, there have only been a few attempts to explore how the CEFR might be adapted and modified. In 2019, a CEFR-related project started in the Czech Republic (as one of five key activities of a bigger project – called APIV A – that concerned inclusion of users of first languages other than Czech) with the original aim of adapting the outcomes of the ProSign project1 led by The European Centre for Modern Languages, which basically meant creating proficiency scales for the description of Czech Sign Language. However, it became clear that a mere translation or a slight adaptation is neither possible nor appropriate. Therefore, the project became much broader, and, in the end, two original comprehensive and interrelated documents were developed: a general Framework of Reference for Sign Languages and a more specific Reference Level Descriptors of Czech Sign Language. Both documents are bilingual: in written Czech and translated into Czech Sign Language. Three main topics are discussed in this article. Firstly, the content and the processes by which these two documents were planned and published are described. The rationale for their development is presented, and the approaches, including blind alleys, doubts and their solutions discussed. Secondly, challenges faced by the writing team are presented, for instance the collaboration of Deaf and hearing colleagues, the collaboration of hearing linguists with Czech Sign Language teachers with no linguistic background, terminological issues, given that sign languages in general, and the Czech sign language specifically, are so-called less-taught languages. Finally, problems and challenges related to the features of the Czech deaf community, such as the specificity of culture, language modalities, the absence of standardisation, research, and the lack of recognition of the language as a fully-fledged code, are presented.
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Bogoczová, Irena, e Małgorzata Bortliczek. "Gwara jako tworzywo tekstów literackich". Stylistyka 31 (6 febbraio 2023): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/stylistyka31.2022.9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article aims to analyse dialect stylisation of literary texts written by authors from the Czech part of Cieszyn Silesia. This analysis was grounded in linguistic (stylistic) theories of hierarchical language and text structure. The article brings definitional and terminological considerations relating to the subject of stylisation as well as the results of a study of authentic linguistic material. From the point of view of stylistic analysis, the division of local authors into members of the Polish minority and those who belong to the Czech-speaking majority is important. It turns out that the dialect in the works of Polish authors serves, among other things, as an exponent of Polishness and, in the case of Czech authors, it is a kind of advertisement for the region, hitherto rather unnoticed by Czechs from other parts of the Czech Republic.The literature under study deserves to be highlighted for its thematic originality and for its linguistic stylisation. The cultural, social or regional embedding of the plot has a unique character, resulting from the unique history of Cieszyn Silesia. This text offers a rich exemplification of the conclusions formulated by the authors whose analysis is a linguistic voice in the discussion of the specific cultural situation of the Czech part of Cieszyn Silesia.
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IZOTOV, ANDREY I., e OLGA I. CHERCHUK. "JA PANESE LOANWORDS IN THE CZECH NATIONAL CORPUS". Lomonosov Journal of Philology, n. 2, 2023 (1 maggio 2023): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2023-47-2-7.
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The article discusses some aspects of the functioning of Czech nouns of Japanese origin. Both lexical Japanisms named in the New Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Czech Language (2016) and nouns included in the Neomat electronic database in 2019, 2020 and 2021 are considered. The data of the Czech written and spoken corpora, which are constituents of the Czech National Corpus project, are used. The absolute and relative frequency of use of a particular lexeme, as well as its ARF (= Average Reduced Frequency) was determined with the help of the 4.9 billion-strong corpus of modern written Czech texts SYNv9. The WaG (= Word at a Glance) program developed within the framework of the Czech National Corpus project to determine the regional, gender, age and educational characteristics of Czech speakers using a particular lexeme was used. Russian correspondences to the Czech words of Japanese origin under consideration were given for purely auxiliary purposes, so that the principles of their graphic design were not discussed.
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Lenz, Alexandra N., Fabian Fleißner, Agnes Kim e Stefan Michael Newerkla. "give as a put verb in German – A case of German-Czech language contact?" Journal of Linguistic Geography 8, n. 2 (ottobre 2020): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2020.6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis contribution focuses on the use of geben ‘give’ as a put verb in Upper German dialects in Austria from a historical and a recent perspective. On the basis of comprehensive historical and contemporary data from German varieties and Slavic languages our analyses provide evidence for the central hypothesis that this phenomenon traces back to language contact with Czech as already suggested by various scholars in the 19th century. This assumption is also supported by the fact that Czech dát ‘give’ in put function has been accounted for since the Old Czech period as well as by its high frequency in both formal and informal Czech written texts. Moreover, our data analyses show that geben ‘give’ as a put verb has been and is still areally distributed along and spreading from the contact area of Czech and Upper German varieties.
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Rysová, Kateřina, Magdaléna Rysová, Michal Novák, Jiří Mírovský e Eva Hajičová. "EVALD – a Pioneer Application for Automated Essay Scoring in Czech". Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 113, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2019): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pralin-2019-0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In the paper, we present EVALD applications (Evaluator of Discourse) for automated essay scoring. EVALD is the first tool of this type for Czech. It evaluates texts written by both native and non-native speakers of Czech. We describe first the history and the present in the automatic essay scoring, which is illustrated by examples of systems for other languages, mainly for English. Then we focus on the methodology of creating the EVALD applications and describe datasets used for testing as well as supervised training that EVALD builds on. Furthermore, we analyze in detail a sample of newly acquired language data – texts written by non-native speakers reaching the threshold level of the Czech language acquisition required e.g. for the permanent residence in the Czech Republic – and we focus on linguistic differences between the available text levels. We present the feature set used by EVALD and – based on the analysis – we extend it with new spelling features. Finally, we evaluate the overall performance of various variants of EVALD and provide the analysis of collected results.
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Korbut, Joanna. "Językowe świadectwa przemian społeczno-kulturowych w najnowszej czeszczyźnie (na materiale Czeszczyzny 2.0.)". Studia Slavica XXV, n. 1 (ottobre 2021): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/studiaslavica.2021.25.0006.
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This dissertation focuses on characteristic of modern Czech language, reflecting the socio-cultural changes taking place in Czech society in last decades. It is obvious that new experiences require new words to refer to them clearly and efficiently, that is why cultural and social background in general and its relation to language will be considered. Attention is paid to the most important terms of the topic under study – vulgarism, cultural correctness, loanwords, economy of language, colloquialization of written and spoken Czech.
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Jarošová, Alexandra. "Prítomnosť češtiny na Slovensku a aspekt spisovnosti". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 67, n. 1 (1 giugno 2016): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2016-0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The paper aims at giving a retrospective view of the presence of Czech in Slovakia through prism of the concepts language situation, communication situations and standardness. Within the conditions of the feudal heterogeneity of the Hungarian Monarchy and without any distinct cultural and political centre of the Slovaks, in a situation of considerable dialectal variety, the Czech language fulfilled the role of a comprehensible and within the whole society (among educated Slovaks) valid and relatively unified written form of the “local language” (lingua vernacula). In the 14th and the 15th centuries this Czech got only relatively little Slovakized. During the 16th and the 17th centuries two mutually overlapping tendencies of the development of the written language of the Slovaks were being formed: 1. Slovakized Czech, or a Slovak-version Czech, and 2. Regional Variants of Cultural Slovak. Both tendencies found their place in the Catholic as well as in the Protestant environment. In the 2nd half of the 18th century, with continuation into the beginnings of the 19th century, two directions that started to be formed already in the previous period, became crystalized: 1. Under the influence of the progressing re-Catholicization, the Slovakized Czech of the Protestants undertook the direction from diglossia towards “pure” Czech (at least in the sense of an intention), and the Protestant circles unequivocally accepted it as their standard language, sometimes denoting it as reč československá (Czechoslovak language) or českoslovenčina (the Czechoslovak); 2. In the Catholic environment, the cultural Western Slovak of the southern type and called bernolákovčina (Bernolák‘s Slovak) was codified, with the status of an autonomous standard language – a development away form diglossia towards Slovak. It was a period of two standard languages to which Štúr’s codification of Slovak put an end. His codification was based on the northern Central Slovak dialects, and after its modification in the so called opravená slovenčina (“corrected Slovak”) it was accepted by the representatives of both confessions.
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Ivačić, Matija. "Dušan Karpatský a česko-chorvatské literární vztahy". Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich 13 (17 agosto 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pls.2023.13.12.
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This paper deals with the contribution of Dušan Karpatský (1935—2017) to the reception of Croatian literature in the Czech Republic, and Czech literature in Croatia since the 1960s until the present day. In his numerous translations, Karpatský worked tirelessly to introduce Czech readers to the achievements of Croatian (and Yugoslav) literature, and vice versa. By selecting texts for his translations that were as current as possible, and by meeting high aesthetic criteria, made him influential in both cultural milieus where he played the role of an intermediary. His work in lexicography, bibliography, history of literature and non-fiction is also of great importance. His research has made Croatian culture permanently indebted to him because he discovered and translated into Croatian the Prague Papers, written in Czech by the Croatian politician Stjepan Radić, and because he discovered a seven-language dictionary written by the Prague Benedictine monk Peter Loderecker, which was based on a five-language dictionary written by Faust Vrančić. Owing to all of the above, and much more, Karpatský is considered a key figure in literary and cultural communication between Croatia and the Czech Republic in the last six decades.
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Berger, Tilman. "Die älteste tschechische Übersetzung von Märchen aus Tausendundeine Nacht". Zeitschrift für Slawistik 63, n. 2 (1 giugno 2018): 212–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2018-0017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SummaryThis paper deals with a manuscript from the library of the Regional Museum in Chrudim (East Bohemia) which contains a Czech translation of some of the tales of ‘One Thousand and One Nights’. The manuscript was written at the end of the 18th century in a rather peculiar orthography and belongs to a group of manuscripts which were evidently written by a single person, the painter Josef Ceregetti (1722–1779). The language used in these manuscripts is the literary Czech of that time, with some influence from spoken language. By comparison of the French text of Galland and two contemporary German translations with the Czech text I show that the author seems to have been working with the German translation from the year 1730. The Czech translation was probably intended for a local circle of intellectuals, mainly clerics, and never reached a broader public.
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Bartoň, Josef. "Church-Slavonic Elements as a Source of the Czech Biblical Style in the Period of the Czech National Revival (Unique Attempt of František Novotný from Luže)". Slovene 7, n. 2 (2018): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.2.7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with linguistic aspects of a Czech Biblical text originating in the period of the beginning of the Czech National Revival which has until recently been entirely forgotten. The text is a Tetraevangelion written by a Catholic priest František Novotný from Luže (1768–1826), an almost forgotten contemporary and collaborator of the great representatives of the Czech National Revival Josef Dobrovský and Josef Jungmann. Novotný was an expert on Latin, Greek, Church Slavonic and old and new Czech (he was also the author of the early grammar of Czech that was published in Czech). His four Gospels in Czech, published in 1810–1811, belong to the “learning type” translations. It continues the Czech Biblical translation tradition (at the turn of the 19th century represented primarily by the translation of the New Testament and of the entire Bible by František Faustin Procházka, which followed mainly the baroque Catholic St Wenceslas Bible and the Kralice Bible of the Moravian brethren), but has many specific features. The article focuses on the phenomenon that manifested itself (during the author's research of Novotný's text lasting several years) as its main and most interesting trait, namely, a strong influence of the Church Slavonic Biblical text, which is an absolutely rare phenomenon at the beginning of the Czech National Revival. The author, confronting the previous Biblical translation tradition with Novotný’s, reveals a number of innovations that were materialised in Novotný's translation and whose origin in the Church Slavonic Bible is certain or at least very probable. The innovations concern various levels of linguistic description, mainly syntax and lexicon, but also word formation and morphology. The most interesting of Novotný’s novelties is his usage of the adjectival past participle ending with -(v)ší, since this category was introduced into literary Czech in the period of the Czech Revival. It is also important that Church Slavonic is, with high probability, the only source of the enrichment and “refreshment” of the Czech Biblical style that is written in another Slavonic language (Novotný seems not to use any living Slavonic languages).
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Benešová, Lucie, Klára Pivoňková e Martin Stluka. "Lemmatization of the DIA1900 Diachronic Corpus". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 74, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2023-0045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper focuses on the process of lemmatization of the upcoming Czech diachronic corpus of the second half of the 19th century, DIA1900. The article describes different approaches to the corpus lemmatization of synchronic written, spoken and diachronic corpora within the Czech National Corpus project, including single- and multilevel lemmatization and available tools used to link the variants.
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Mareš, Petr. "Revolt against standard language: requirements for language of literature and Jan Zábrana’s stories". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 74, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2023): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2024-0010.
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Abstract The language of literary texts is a complex and multiform phenomenon. One of the problems connected with it is the employment of non-standard linguistic varieties. This paper focuses on the especial situation in Czech culture in the 1950s. In that decade, literary critics and linguists strictly required the use of Standard Czech and the restriction of non-standard varieties in literary texts. On the other hand, various inedited works were written the language of which was based on the so-called Common Czech, colloquialisms and slangs. The main part of the paper describes the language of stories by Jan Zábrana (from the years 1954 to 1957) in relation to the official requirements. Zábrana’s stories (published posthumously in the 1990s) represent a radical denying of these requirements. Zábrana depicts spontaneous and informal spoken communication that differs from the idea of cultivated standard expression. Both the figures and the narrator consistently use nonstandard linguistic means and colloquial lexicon (including vulgarisms).
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Laputková, Adriana. "Attribute and reliability hedging devices in English, Czech and Slovak research articles". Brno studies in English, n. 2 (2023): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bse2023-2-3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper is a cross-cultural investigation into attribute and reliability hedges in research papers on applied linguistics published in journals in English, Czech and Slovak. Overall, 30 research articles have been examined using discourse and corpus analysis. Although Čmejrková et al. (1999) assert that modality and a low degree of decisiveness are more typical for Czech scientific publications than for English, the findings demonstrate that hedges are employed considerably more frequently and are more varied in the selected articles written in English than in Czech and Slovak. This could be connected with the writer's choice of vocabulary or with limited literature focusing on academic vocabulary in the Slavic languages. The wider variety of hedging expressions in the articles written in English could be the consequence of the historical impact of Latin and French on the language, which provided synonyms to the already existing Anglo-Saxon expressions.
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Timofejev, Dmitrij. "ROMANTIC NATIONALIST PARADIGM OVERCOME: THE STUDY OF THE EARLY MODERN CZECH LANGUAGE AND BOHEMIAN LITERATURE". Wiek Oświecenia, n. 38 (25 settembre 2022): 70–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0137-6942.wo.38.5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper presents the latest trends in studying the eighteenth-century written culture of the Czech lands and covers research on the history of the Czech language and Bohemian literature, its modern challenges, and prospects. The history of written culture in the eighteenth-century Czech lands is divided into two main periods. The first period dated to the beginning of the century and lasted until the early 1770s; during this time, the leading cultural institutions, especially schools and publishing houses, were owned or sponsored by Catholic orders, most notably the Jesuits. The second period commences in the mid-1770s, when, after the reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II, the Habsburg state established its cultural hegemony. Many nineteenth- and twentieth-century philologists stigmatised the earlier period as an era of „downfall” unworthy of interest but praised the last quarter of the eighteenth century as the formative years of the Czech National Revival. However, the latest research in this area proves this point of view to be distorted and, in some ways, mistaken. The paper gives a brief overview of the older approach to studying the eighteenth-century Bohemian written culture and points out its disadvantages. The central part of the paper introduces concepts developed by contemporary scholars that might also be applied to linguistic and literary studies in other Central European countries.
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Motornyi, Andrii. "UNKNOWN DOCUMENT ABOUT CZECH WRITER PETR KŘIČKA". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, n. 16(84) (22 dicembre 2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-16(84)-39-42.
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The publication presents an unknown manuscript dedicated to the work of the Czech poet, translator and teacher Petr Ladislav Křička (1884-1949). Its author is the P. L. Křička’s wife Anna Křičková. The document, written at the request of the Ukrainian Czech language literature scientist, professor of Lviv University V.A. Motornyi, tells us about individual pages of the Czech writer’s life, the beginnings of his creative biography, memories of his study years at school and at the Sorbonne University of Paris, etc. A special place in this material is given to the role of P. L. Křička’s personal contacts with famous figures of Czech culture of the first half of the 20th century, their influence on his talent as a writer.
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ŠIMEČKOVÁ, MARTA. "(DIS)KONTINUITA ČEŠTINY 16.-18. STOLETÍ NA PŘÍKLADU HLÁSKOSLOVÍ". Slavia Occidentalis, n. 77/1 (15 giugno 2020): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2020.77.9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A majority of the earlier scholarly publications (literary and linguistic) contain negative assessments of the Czech language from the 17th and 18th centuries. This valuation is in accordance with the political, social, religious and cultural developments in Bohemia after the battle of White Mountain (Bílá hora) on 8 November 1620. Following the battle, the Habsburg Monarchy was established and Bohemia was yet again subjected to the Catholic Church. The function of the Czech language was limited with German becoming the main language spoken by the Bohemian aristocracy and city dwellers. German was the official language and, along with Latin, the language of science. As a result of the functional restrictions, Czech books were printed in limited literary fields, especially religious, historical and practically-oriented texts. The language in which they were written was described as degraded, unstable and incorrect. It was connected with the decline of the standard language, deformed by dialectisms, neologisms and an enormous number of loan words from German. However, is this interpretation of the Czech language from the 17th and 18th centuries correct? I have analysed over 100 prints from the 16th to the 18th centuries, focusing on four phonological phenomena: prothetic v-, dipthongisation ú- > ou- and ý (í) > ej and the change é > í. These changes occurred in texts from the 16th century (or even earlier), then some of them were repressed (ej, í in word ending, prothetic v-) or fixed as a part of Czech print (initial ou-, v- by words stabilized with this nonetymological consonant). It is evident that 1) there was continuous development instead of discontinuity, 2) the earlier negative estimation of the Czech language after 1620 was inaccurate. It is imperative to investigate the Czech language from a historical perspective in detail, without prejudice or ideology.
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Seldeslachts, Herman, e Raf Van Rooy. "“Every fox praises its own tail”. Jan Blahoslav (1523–1571) on Slavic dialects". Zeitschrift für Slawistik 67, n. 1 (15 marzo 2022): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2022-0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Jan Blahoslav (1523–1571) was one of the first – if not the first – to devote a separate chapter to the phenomenon of vernacular diatopic variation in his Czech grammar. His pioneering attempts at making sense of this issue have thus far remained understudied, especially outside of the Czech Republic. In this contribution, we open up this important text, largely written in Czech, to a wider audience by means of an annotated English translation. In addition, we frame his interest in dialectal variation in the intellectual trends of 16th-century language study, especially within the Protestant circles in which Blahoslav was active.
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Habijanec, Siniša. "Why does the word dcéra (‘daughter’) contain a long é?" Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 72, n. 1 (1 giugno 2021): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The paper aims to explain the origin of the long é in the Slovak word dcéra ‘daughter’, which is the only word of the original lexical layer that has a long é in its root. Its length is difficult to explain by comparative Slavic accentology since relevant languages generally show a short vowel in this position. Another peculiarity of this word is the fact that é did not undergo the Central Slovak diphthongization that otherwise regularly occurs after c. The author offers a solution in the cultural influence of Czech, which Slovaks had been using as a written language for centuries. It is argued that the original Common Slavic word *dъťi had been lost in Slovak and replaced by a word *děvъka, while dcera was introduced into the Slovak vernacular through Czech religious texts. The initial Czech graphic cluster dc- had been realized as a geminated [cː] by Slovak priests, the pronunciation of which was interpreted as compensatory lengthening of the following vowel, and this length was subsequently phonologized. The lengthening of e and consequent phonologization could be linked to the spread of Czech printed books, so it must be posterior to the Central Slovak diphthongization.
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Křížová, Kateřina. "Benamingen van dieren in de Nederlandse en in de Tsjechische vaste adjectivische vergelijkingen in de spiegel van de geschreven corpora". Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 27 (9 marzo 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/8060-0716.27.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Benamingen van dieren in de Nederlandse enin de Tsjechische vaste adjectivische vergelijkingen in de spiegel van de geschreven corpora Animal names or zooappellatives constitute an important part of the idioms and proverbs in the majority of natural languages. The Dutch idioms with an animal element were described from various perspectives by Kowalska-Szubert 1996. The Czech idioms with animal names were the subject of various studies carried out e.g. by Mrhačová Mrhačová et al. 2000, Mrhačová-Kouptsevitch 2004. In this article we compare by the means of corpus research the use of animal names in the adjective-based similes in the current written Dutch and in the current written Czech. This research is based on the excerpta of the largest written corpora available for the Dutch and the Czech, namely the Corpus Contemporary Dutch and the Corpus Contemporary Czech SYN version 5.
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Kubát, Miroslav, e Xinying Chen. "Modality of verbs as stylometric feature in Czech genres". Glottometrics 55 (2023): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53482/2023_55_413.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The goal of the study is to analyze modality of verbs from the perspective of its usage in different types of Czech texts. The analysis is based on data from the Czech National Corpus, specifically the balanced corpus of contemporary written Czech SYN2020, which contains 100 million words. The proportion of modal verbs to all verbs is used to measure modality. Furthermore, different types of modality are considered: necessity and possibility. The findings reveal distinct patterns in the use of modal verbs in different genres. Thus, index of modality seems to be a promising stylometric feature. Non-fiction literature, especially administrative texts, exhibits the highest modality. In contrast fiction texts, namely poetry, has the lowest modality.
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Mánek, Bohuslav. "Domestikace v překladech z anglické literatury v českém národním obrození". AUC PHILOLOGICA 2023, n. 2 (30 maggio 2024): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/24646830.2023.21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper surveys domestication, one of the characteristic features of a number of translations in the early period of the Czech National Revival in the first decades of the nineteenth century. At that time, translations played a role of enormous cultural significance in the development of Czech literature, making up for as yet unrepresented genres and providing models to enrich the corpus. A particular set of circumstances developed due to the social and political conditions of the Czech nation: after a period of gradual decline of the Czech language following the Thirty Years’ War, the Czech language was gradually regaining the status of a language of literature and science. From the twenties onwards the rising middle-class reading public demanded entertaining belles-lettres in Czech. Many of these translations were freely adapted mainly from contemporary popular German prose without crediting the original author and at times even plagiarized, as the writer Karolina Světlá, well-read in both literatures, later recorded in her memoirs. This paper presents two typical examples of localization of English pieces of literature. In his translation of Thomas Gray’s An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, Josef Jungmann replaced the English historical figures (Hampden, Milton and Cromwell) with Czech ones (Thurn, Rokycana and Žižka), while Jan Kaška replaced the London characters and setting with Prague in his translation of a piece from Charles Dickens’s Sketches by Boz. These examples show how domesticated poems and tales typically preserved the original plot with localized characters and setting. At present we can see an increase in scholarly research of the original and translated literature of the period.
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Náplava, Jakub, Milan Straka, Jana Straková e Alexandr Rosen. "Czech Grammar Error Correction with a Large and Diverse Corpus". Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 10 (2022): 452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00470.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract We introduce a large and diverse Czech corpus annotated for grammatical error correction (GEC) with the aim to contribute to the still scarce data resources in this domain for languages other than English. The Grammar Error Correction Corpus for Czech (GECCC) offers a variety of four domains, covering error distributions ranging from high error density essays written by non-native speakers, to website texts, where errors are expected to be much less common. We compare several Czech GEC systems, including several Transformer-based ones, setting a strong baseline to future research. Finally, we meta-evaluate common GEC metrics against human judgments on our data. We make the new Czech GEC corpus publicly available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license at http://hdl.handle.net/11234/1-4639.
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Sládková, Věra, e Marie Lahodová Vališová. "Request strategies and modification devices as performed by Czech EFL learners: A focus on borrowing objects". Discourse and Interaction 15, n. 2 (19 dicembre 2022): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2022-2-128.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study presents an analysis of informal written requests from the national school-leaving exam and simulated spoken requests collected via Written Discourse Completion Task (WDCT) to describe pragmalinguistic features used by Czech EFL learners in requests for borrowing objects. In both types of data, the findings reveal strong preference for conventionally indirect strategies and external modification, but considerable underuse of softeners within head acts. The written requests show significant reiteration with a great deal of modification devices outside head acts and a higher proportion of face-threatening features, such as expectations and direct strategies realized by want statements and imperatives. The WDCT requests tend to employ more face-saving strategies but show less variability in request realization. Consequently, awareness raising activities, helping Czech EFL learners fully understand the face-threatening nature of requests, as well as explicit metapragmatic treatment, focusing on strategic use of requests constituents, are recommended.
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Nábělková, Mira. "I originally wanted to write the title Brethren, but I wrote Brotherhood... Jirásek brotherhood impressions". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 72, n. 1 (1 giugno 2021): 272–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The study, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vincent Blanár, offers a comparative Czech-Slovak view of the lexeme brother (Czech bratr – Slovak brat) in its paradigmatic relations. The analysis is based on a specific textual basis, the novel Bratrstvo (Brotherhood) by the Czech writer Alois Jirásek. The starting point of the comparison is the Czech original and two Slovak translations of this literary text, which shows a remarkably wide range of semantic concretizations of the polysemic word brother. In the Czech-Slovak comparison, various morphosyntactic, lexical-semantic, derivational and collocational differences appear. In a comparative view, the sphere of addressing is particularly interesting.
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Bogoczová, Irena, e Małgorzata Bortliczek. "Po naszymu o pasjach. Gwara zaolziańska w mediach społecznościowych". Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 29, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2022): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2022.29.2.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is a contribution to the research on the linguistic situation of the Czech part of Těšín Silesia (Zaolzie in Polish). Having written on the topic in the past, this time the authors direct their attention to the Jablunkov part of the region and to a mixed language: the so-called po naszymu. In the introduction, they reflect on what functions a dialect can fulfil today, most of which are evident in the authentic linguistic material presented which comes from three extensive interviews that have then been published online. The speech of the dialect’s speakers differs, revealing the general focus of the speaker on a particular ethnic language: Polish, Czech or Slovak. The discovery of these foreign elements is possible due to the phonetic transcription, which reveals lexical, morphological and phonetic transfers in the texts. The purpose of the analysis is to point out the differences in the po naszymu mixed language code with a differentrate of Polish, Czech or Slovak elements.
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Džunková, Katarína. "The New Testament translation by Martin Lupáč (ca. 1450): Questions of language and authorship". Slovene 10, n. 2 (2021): 41–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The New Testament translation from the mid-15th century attributed to the Utraquist priest and diplomat Martin Lupáč represents the first phase of the 4th redaction of the Old Czech Bible translation. It served as a model for the Prague Bible (1488) — the first printed Slavic Bible.The aim of the present work is to detect specific features of Lupáč’s translation method by comparing his texts with four editions of the Old Czech Bible translation. In addition we aim to verify Lupáč’s authorship of the translation, previously attributed to him on the basis of insufficient evidence, by comparing it with two Czech texts written by him. Our results show that Lupáč’s translation contains a number of grammatical innovations that were consciously used to make the Bible content more accessible to the contemporary recipients, e.g., using iterative verbs instead of disappearing imperfect tense, using compound sentences with a finite verb instead of Latin nominal constructions. We detected vocabulary specific for the 15th century (currency, units of measurement, names of feasts), additional explanatory notes, precise translations of non-specific Latin verbs, stylistic dissimilation, and German and new bohemicized Latin loanwords. In addition, in Lupáč’s translation of the Pauline Epistles we found traces of Utraquist theology. We compare the language of two Czech tractates written by Lupáč with the New Testament translation attributed to him, but the degree of similarity is not sufficient to confirm the attribution. In conclusion, Lupáč’s New Testament is a vivid and explanatory translation with unique stylistic figures. Some innovations were so unusual that they were omitted in the Prague Bible created by Utraquists 40 years later.
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Svobodová, Diana. "Assessment of Modern Loanwords by the Contemporary Czech Youth". New Educational Review 32 (2013): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/tner.13.32.2.13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with specific symptoms of formal adaptation of modern loanwords within various spheres of language and their usage and assessment by the contemporary Czech pupils and students. It is based on the results of long-term research and extensive questionnaire search concentrated on the written forms of selected Anglicisms.
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Uličný, Oldřich. "Posesivní Genitiv Redivivus". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 69, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2018): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2019-0026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In the contemporary Czech, in both spoken and especially in written form, possessive adjectives are replaced by possessive genitives, which are originally colloquial constructions only. In the last stage of this development, the postpositive genitive changes into prepositive: Klárčina maminka, maminka Klárky, Klárky maminka (‘Klárka’s mother’). The Czech language thus loses another means of inflection and gets closer to an agglutinative language type. This change (deflective tendency) is also supported by the loss of introflexion, i.e. the loss of morphophonological alternations, in our example k – č, in other cases r – ř, g – ž, ch – š, etc. (Klárčin – Klárky [‘Klárka’s’], sestra – sestřin [‘sister’s’], Olga – Olžin [‘Olga’s’] etc.).
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Žižková, Hana. "Compound Adverbs as an Issue in Machine Analysis of Czech language". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 68, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2017): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2017-0049.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Compound adverbs represent an interesting issue in terms of Automatic Morphological Analysis (AMA). The reason is that compound adverbs in Czech are expressions formed by compounding existing words that are different parts of speech without any change in their form. An indicative sign of compound adverbs is that they can always be decomposed again. Compound adverbs may be written as one word but sometimes a multiword form coexists. A word that is originally a different part of speech gains an adverbial meaning and becomes an adverb. This article presents the results of a corpus probe aimed at mapping expressions that are demonstrably compound adverbs and were not recognized by AMA or were incorrectly tagged by AMA as another part of speech. Analysis of data obtained from the Czech National Corpus (ČNK) SYN v3 show that the unrecognized and incorrectly tagged units can be divided into several groups. Based on knowledge of these groups it is possible to refine part of speech tagging by AMA. The corpus probe examined units written in accordance with the current codification as well as substandard units.
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Dovalil, Vítek. "Sprachenwahl im internationalen Tourismus. Die Situation in Tschechien und in Prag". Sociolinguistica 32, n. 1 (1 novembre 2018): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soci-2018-0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper deals with the mechanisms underlying language choices which are carried out by foreign tourists in the capital of the Czech Republic. This research draws upon the ethnographic approach. The data come from participant observations conducted in restaurants and cafés as well as from interactions with tourist agencies in the center of Prague. Additionally, short interviews with foreign tourists and employees of these tourist facilities were conducted. The results show that most of the foreign tourists and the Czech personnel expect English as a lingua franca to fulfill the basic communicative function in mutual interactions. Apart from that, various electronic tools are often used. They help to solve manifold language problems on the written basis.
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Udolph, Ludger. "Josef Štefan Kubíns Sammlung von Volkserzählungen aus dem Riesengebirgsvorland". Zeitschrift für Slawistik 63, n. 2 (1 giugno 2018): 264–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2018-0019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SummaryIn the first quarter of the 20th century, the Czech teacher J. St. Kubín collected far more than 1000 folktales of Czech countrymen, especially in the Giant Mountains. Kubín comprehended the orally passed on folktale as the genuine cultural tradition of ‘unsophisticated’ people. The narrator is the bearer of this tradition, which Kubín defends as autonomous and native against modernism and civic society. Different from Václav Tille, who claimed the literary written origin of folktales, Kubín emphasizes the oral tradition of the folktales. His rich collection shows the internationality of the types of the folktale.
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Олена Ващенко e Олена Степанюк. "UKRAINIAN AND CZECH PHRASELOGICAL UNITS WITH COLORATIVE COMPONENT "WHITE"". MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 19, n. 2 (28 novembre 2016): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2016.113744.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the functioning of an adjective “white” as a part of phraseologicalunits in Ukrainian and Czech languages. It is written that the creation of Ukrainian and Czechidioms connected with using the adjective in a formation of the meanings of phraseological unitsin both languages. It is determine d similarities and differences in the semantics of the adjective“white” in translation of the idioms from Ukrainian into Czech.
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Fidler, Masako, e Václav Cvrček. "Keymorph analysis, or how morphosyntax informs discourse". Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 15, n. 1 (27 maggio 2019): 39–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2016-0073.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper introduces keymorph analysis (KMA), a new extension of the discourse-probing technique of keyword analysis (KWA). While KWA focuses on lexicon and provides a key predominantly to textual topics and their semantic associations, KMA focuses on morphosyntactic features and captures more general characteristics of texts as wholes. Speeches by Czech(oslovak) presidents and corpus of contemporary written Czech SYN2015 are used to illustrate readers’ perception of situations and their participants in these texts. The paper also shows that different levels of morphosyntax facilitate interpretation of discourse: ideological differences can be observed with higher-level morphosyntactic features (parts of speech), while differences in speaker style are observable with lower-level morphosyntactic features (case, number, person, and their combinations).
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Petkevič, Vladimír, e Hana Skoumalová. "Annotation of Analytic Verb Forms in Czech – Complex Cases". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 74, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2023-0041.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The article deals with complex cases of determining the attribute verbtag, which contains the values of morphosyntactic categories of analytic verb forms. The latest corpora of contemporary written Czech from the SYN series are tagged with this attribute. In this paper, we focus on cases where it is difficult to identify values of verbtag categories. These include, e.g. the identification of the auxiliary verb být ‘to be’, recognition of the mood and tense of coordinated participles, or determining the number in compound forms in which the individual parts have a different morphological number. Some of the problems are of a theoretical nature, since it is not clear what the correct solution should be. Here we have arbitrarily opted for one option that was offered. Other problems are due to imperfections in the algorithms we use for annotation. The solution here is to improve these algorithms.
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Měřička, Matěj. "Vilém Gabler’s Library and Alexander the Great". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 61, n. 1-2 (1 settembre 2016): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amnpsc-2017-0021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The article is divided into three parts. The first one aims to present the figure of Vilém Gabler, a close colleague of Karel Havlíček and František Ladislav Rieger, as a person important for the beginnings of Czech–French relations and for the spread of the knowledge of the Czech language and culture in the Czech milieu. The second part is devoted to the summary of previous research and the reconstruction of the personal library of Vilém Gabler, scattered in the central collection of the National Museum Library. The last, third part discusses Gabler’s article Alexander Veliký [Alexander the Great], written in reaction to the work Alexandre le Grand from the pen of Alphonse de Lamartine and under the impression of the events of 1859. Despite its thematic focus on the ancient commander, it provides abundant information on the author’s view of the recent Austrian-Czech past as well as present. It thus shows a man with his own world of opinion and moral schemes created based on his own experience from 1848 and strongly influenced by the study of French history, especially the period after 1789.
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Pořízka, Petr. "A Corpus of Czech Essays from the Turn of the 1900s". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 72, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2021): 618–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A literary essay is an interesting unit for language analyses, as its stylistic means often exceed the boundaries of the genre of an artistic essay. The article presents a new corpus of Czech literary essays covering approximately fifty years from 1890 to 1940. Along with the characterisation of the corpus and its annotation, the paper focuses on the TxM corpus tool: In the second part of the study, we use selected texts to conduct an analysis of seven various authors through multidimensional cluster analysis, factorial correspondence analysis and a specificity score. The main parameter of the analyses was usage of parts of speech in texts by individual authors. At present, the Corpus of Czech Essays contains 40 essayist titles written by 15 authors covering various topics (music, visual arts, theatre, literature, etc.).
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Povolná, Renata. "On some persuasive strategies in technical discourse: Cross-cultural analysis of directives in English and Czech technical manuals". Topics in Linguistics 19, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2018): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2018-0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The aim of the paper is to provide a cross-cultural analysis of selected linguistic realizations of persuasion in the language of technical communication represented by the genre of technical manuals (TM) and to identify the differences and similarities between the ways persuasion is expressed in this type of specialized discourse in English and Czech. More specifically, the paper attempts to discover which linguistic realizations of directives are applied to persuade the readers of the correctness of the instructions and the necessity of reading and following them. The results demonstrate that the main lexico-grammatical devices are quite similar in all the data. There are only minor frequency differences between English and Czech manuals, which are naturally reflected in their parallel Czech and English translations. The findings indicate that the quality of written instructions, including the degree of persuasiveness, is of great importance since it can influence prospective users of particular technical devices when making a choice about what to buy.
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Spáčilová, Libuše. "Rechtstermini in der frühneuhochdeutschen Olmützer Gerichtsordnung (1550) und deren tschechischer Übersetzung (1642) : Fallstudie zur Entwicklung des Rechtsvokabulars in beiden Sprachen". Brünner Beiträge zur Germanistik und Nordistik, n. 2 (2022): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bbgn2022-2-1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study provides results of the analysis of the Early Modern High German legal terms in the Court Regulations written by the Olomouc scribe Jindřich Polan in 1550 and its two translations into Czech. The first translation is in Middle Czech dated 1642. The second translation is dated between 1593 and 1651. First of all, the focus lies on legal terms of German origin used in the mentioned document which are divided into three groups (according to semantics): the first group includes names of legal institutions, the second group includes parts of a trial and related documents and the third group includes names of persons who were active in the field of justice in that time. These terms are compared to terms used in Czech translations. The analysis of Latin terms in the German version of the Court Regulations and their appearance in Czech translations follows. Regarding the fact that one of the characteristics of German legal language had been binominal expressions since Old High German times, their occurrence in both the German and Czech versions of the Court Regulations was examined as well. Non-idiomatic expressions made of German and Latin components can be found in the German text. A part of the research is to find out how these expressions were transferred into Czech. The goal of this analysis is to prove to which extent the topical adoption of Roman procedural law and non-idiomatic expressions were reflected in the used law terminology of the mentioned versions of the Court Regulations at the time of origin of this legal document.
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Kubát, Miroslav, e Radek Čech. "Attributivity and Subjectivity in Czech Journalism and Scientific Literature". Bohemistyka 24, n. 1 (22 marzo 2024): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2024.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines two recently proposed stylometric indices, attributivity and subjectivity, in the context of Czech journalism and scientific literature. Index of attributivity is defined as the ratio of the frequency of attributes to the sum of frequencies of nouns, pronouns, and attributes. Index of subjectivity is defined as the ratio of the frequency of subjects to the sum of frequencies of predicates and subjects. The research is based on the corpus of contemporary written Czech language SYN2020. It appears that both indices of attributivity and subjectivity are sensitive to different genres, and could be used in stylometric analyses, especially those that focus on the interpretability of quantitative measures. In general, more formal texts tend to have higher values of both indices across different genres.
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Horák, Aleš, e Adam Rambousek. "Lexicographic Tools to Build New Encyclopaedia of the Czech Language". Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 106, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2016): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2016-0019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The first edition of the Encyclopaedia of the Czech Language was published in 2002 and since that time it has established as one of the basic reference books for the study of the Czech language and related linguistic disciplines. However, many new concepts and even new research areas have emerged since that publication. That is why a preparation of a complete new edition of the encyclopaedia started in 2011, rather than just re-printing the previous version with supplements. The new edition covers current research status in all concepts connected with the linguistic studies of (prevalently, but not solely) the Czech language. The project proceeded for five years and it has finished at the end of 2015, the printed edition is currently in preparation. An important innovation of the new encyclopaedia lies in the decision that the new edition will be published both as a printed book and as an electronic on-line encyclopaedia, utilizing the many advantages of electronic dictionaries.In this paper, we describe the lexicographic platform used for the Encyclopaedia preparation and the process behind the work flow consisting of more than 3,000 pages written by nearly 200 authors from all over the world. The paper covers the process of managing entry submissions, the development of tools to convert word processor files to an XML database, tools to cross-check and connect bibliography references from free text to structured bibliography entries, and the preparation of data for the printed publication.
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Marklová, Anna, Olga Buchmüller, Christoph Demian, Roland Meyer e Luka Szucsich. "Register in Czech: Designing an MDA-based experimental study". Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 9 (30 dicembre 2023): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.17016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There are no conventionalized ways to investigate the results of multidimensional analysis (MDA) from the perceptual perspective in an experimental setting. An MDA of the Czech corpus Koditex by Cvrček et al. (2020) established eight dimensions of variation based on 122 linguistic features. The first two dimensions, which explain the largest proportion of shared variance, are labeled as 1. dynamic (+)/static (-) and 2. spontaneous (+)/prepared (-). In our study, we investigated if some situational contexts of language use evoke stronger associations with the poles of the two dimensions than others. Furthermore, we aimed to explore the impact of the mode of language use and the properties of the interlocutor on the ratings.
Czech native speakers (n=107) rated various situational contexts on 7-point Likert-like scales representing the MDA-based dimensions. The items were balanced in the formality of the interlocutor’s name (Mr. or Mrs. in connection to surname/first name), the interlocutor´s gender, and the mode of language use (spoken/written). The statistical analysis uncovered a significant effect of the formality of the interlocutor's name and the mode of language use on the ratings. Using first names and spoken mode resulted in ratings closer to the positive poles of the dimensions. The comparison of individual items showed that some situations, mainly those representing the negative poles of the dimensions, are rated more consistently than others. The results of our study offer insight into how native speakers evaluate situations of language use on the scales of preparedness, subjectivity, and interactivity.
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Haug, Laura. "Introducing integrated language skills assessment at the language department of a Czech university". Language Learning in Higher Education 11, n. 1 (1 maggio 2021): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cercles-2021-2010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Integrated assessment evaluates language proficiency through tasks that require the test-taker to produce a written or spoken output based on listening or reading comprehension (reading or listening-into-writing or speaking). Since integrated assessment aims at reflecting the communicative and cognitive requirements of academic life and other professions, it is considered a means of assessment that is both authentic and valid. Examples of integrated tests can be found in high-stakes examinations at universities with English as the medium of instruction, and in the standardised high-stakes examinations offered by ETS, Pearson Education and Trinity College London. This report provides an example of integrated assessment in action by describing a currently used integrated test developed at the Language Department of the Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Since 2018, this particular integrated test has served as the entrance examination for Biological Chemistry (EEBC), a bachelor’s degree course delivered entirely in English. By detailing the rationale behind the examination and the design process, this report aims to show that integrated assessment can provide a valid alternative to independent assessment at the tertiary level.
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Kováříková, Dominika, Martin Beneš, Kamila Smejkalová e Oleg Kovářík. "The structuralist tradition meets empirical data: Corpus data enhancing the Czech Internet Language Reference Book". Word Structure 16, n. 2-3 (novembre 2023): 233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2023.0230.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper demonstrates how the corpus grammar tool GramatiKat can be used to improve and refine morphological information in the Internet Language Reference Book (ILRB), which presents complete declension paradigms for 45,632 standard Czech nouns. The paradigm tables are based mainly on morphological types, following structuralist conceptions of language as a fully articulated system. The paper discusses how to update the ILRB and provide users with empirically based grammatical information for individual word forms in each cell of the paradigm. All noun lemmas have been investigated using the GramatiKat tool for research into grammatical categories in Czech. The tool observes the distribution of word forms of a particular lexeme in comparison with the standard distribution across the whole word class. It is capable of identifying nouns that have an unusually high occurrence of a certain word form, as well as nouns with unattested word forms. GramatiKat is based on the data from two corpora of Czech written texts, SYN2015 and SYN2020 (200 million word tokens). The paper investigates the relationship between defectiveness and overabundance on one side and language variability and potentiality on the other. Based on the unique combination of data from the ILRB and GramatiKat, the paper suggests how information about unusually frequent or overabundant word forms as well as unattested ones should be pointed out, so that ILRB provides the user with accurate, empirically based data.
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Różańska, Marta. "Światło zza rzeki – kwestia tożsamości we współczesnej poezji Zaolzia". Edukacja Międzykulturowa 1, n. 3 (30 giugno 2014): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/em.2014.11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The work explores the issue of national identity based on selected texts of contemporary poetry from Zaolzie – the region on the Polish-Czech borderland. The question of nationality, a difficult subject for the inhabitants of this politically-divided land, is examined at spatial and cultural levels. The central topoi – the border, city, house, language, religion and history – are associated with the problems of national identity of the Zaolzian poets; they are intrinsically present in selected works written in Polish language and its Cieszyn dialect. Yet in the latest Zaolzian poetry language ceases to be a determinant of national identity of these authors and therefore artificial division between Polish and Czech cultural heritages disappear in the name of multilingualism and multiculturalism. This study shows a picture of culturally diverse borderland, which nowadays has departed from the traditional view of borders differentiation; the borderland poets abandon the stereotypical divisions in the name of “dialogue of cultures” and identity based on Zaolzian genius loci.
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Bocanegra, Rosalía Calle. "Codificación del movimiento por aprendices checos de españo: influencia de los patrones de pensar para hablar de la L1 en la L2". Romanica Cracoviensia 21, n. 3 (2021): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843917rc.21.024.14196.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Motion encoding by Czech learners of Spanish: Influence of L1 Thinking-for-Speaking patterns in L2 This paper studies verbal encoding of motion events by Czech advanced learners of Spanish and Spanish native speakers. Since these languages differ in terms of Talmy’s (2000) typology of motion encoding, the study aims to assess to what extent the learners acquired the Thinking-for-Speaking patterns (Slobin 1996) of the L2. To this end, written narratives by natives and learners are examined and compared. The results show that the construction “path verb + manner complement”, a typical structure for verb-framed languages such as Spanish, is used significantly less often by the learners compared with the natives. The results also indicate that L1 interference happens when expressing boundary crossing situations in Spanish by the learners, since they tend to use a Manner of motion verb.
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Čermáková, Ann, Jarmo Jantunen, Tommi Jauhiainen, John Kirk, Michal Křen, Marc Kupietz e Elaine Uí Dhonnchadha. "The International Comparable Corpus: Challenges in building multilingual spoken and written comparable corpora". Research in Corpus Linguistics 10, n. 1 (2021): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.09.01.06.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper reports on the efforts of twelve national teams in building the International Comparable Corpus (ICC; https://korpus.cz/icc) that will contain highly comparable datasets of spoken, written and electronic registers. The languages currently covered are Czech, Finnish, French, German, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Slovak, Swedish and, more recently, Chinese, as well as English, which is considered to be the pivot language. The goal of the project is to provide much-needed data for contrastive corpus-based linguistics. The ICC corpus is committed to the idea of re-using existing multilingual resources as much as possible and the design is modelled, with various adjustments, on the International Corpus of English (ICE). As such, ICC will contain approximately the same balance of forty percent of written language and 60 percent of spoken language distributed across 27 different text types and contexts. A number of issues encountered by the project teams are discussed, ranging from copyright and data sustainability to technical advances in data distribution.
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Pytlík, Petr. "Paratexte, ohne die es keine Literatur gäbe. Zur Rezeption des Werkes von Paul Celan und der Funktion von Paratexten in der totalitären Tschechoslowakei (1948–1989)". Acta Facultatis Philosophicae Universitatis Ostraviensis Studia Germanistica, n. 32 (settembre 2023): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/studiagermanistica.2023.32.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The reception of literature written in German in Czechoslovakia after the Second World War was (and still is) in a hybrid position, oscillating between aversion to historical events that still resonate in Czech culture and society, and interest due to intensive cultural contacts and exchange projects between Germany and the Czech Republic. The reception of works by Paul Celan was all the more complicated because Jewish issues were by and large considered undesirable by the communist regime. The regime was officially only anti-Zionist, but de facto, as is well known, this meant anti-Semitic. In this article, attention is drawn to a neglected aspect of the surprising history of the reception of Celan’s poems in Czechoslovakia between 1945 and 1989 (with a brief excursion into the period 1990–2020) – namely, the “mediating function” of paratexts in the totalitarian regime. The first part briefly presents a definition of the term “paratext” and outlines the function of this type of text (taking into account the specific situation in which literature found itself in socialist Czechoslovakia). The following part illustrates the “mediating function” of paratexts in the Czechoslovak and the Czech editions of Celan’s poems.