Articoli di riviste sul tema "Czech language – usage"
Segui questo link per vedere altri tipi di pubblicazioni sul tema: Czech language – usage.
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 articoli di riviste per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Czech language – usage".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi gli articoli di riviste di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
1
Leech, Robin. "WORD CLONES, OR BALL WORDS, IN ENGLISH USAGE". Canadian Entomologist 126, n. 3 (giugno 1994): 921–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent126921-3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Except for emphasis (as in “. . .very, very good”), it is usual in languages that every following word in a sentence is different. The preceding sentence, this sentence, and the following sentence, are examples of this.Chinese has double, triple, and quadruple juxtaposed characters, most often for emphasis, but also for changing the meanings (G.-C. Lo, T. Mah, J. Yu, pers. comm.; Fig. la, b, c, and d). The Czech, Slovak, and German languages (M. Pospisil, pers. comm.), and the Ukrainian language each have at least one pair of juxtaposed identical words (see below).
2
Chen, Helen. "The Effects of Mandarin Chinese and Czech Negative Transfers on English Language Acquisition". Communications in Humanities Research 9, n. 1 (31 ottobre 2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/9/20231091.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
English has become the most studied second language around the world. Regardless of nationality, speakers of another native language other than English face challenges in acquiring English due to their fixed linguistic habits. This is a phenomenon called negative transfer. Mandarin and Czech are completely unrelated in terms of language family; thus, they can be used in this study to prove that the interference of the mother tongue with English happens inevitably and usually shares common areas of negative transfers. Since the author is a native speaker of Mandarin and Czech, her knowledge of the lexical, phonological, morphological and syntactic characteristics of these languages is used to demonstrate why native speakers of these two languages are prone to making specific English mistakes. At the same time, it relies heavily on first-hand accounts of common English errors gathered by other researchers to improve the studys dependability. The finding of this study argues that the negative transfer occurs because Mandarin and Czech lack the corresponding linguistic qualities of English. Native speakers of these two languages frequently struggle to remember English collocations, non-existent phonemes cannot be accurately pronounced, and similarly incompatible English tenses are used with errors. The absence of articles and the tendency for random word order also cause them to frequently go wrong in English usage. This research can be used as a resource for Chinese and Czech English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers to improve the quality of their classes.
3
Janík, Miroslav, e Věra Janíková. "Unterricht des Deutschen als zweite Fremdsprache aus der Perspektive der Sprachenpolitik und der Schüler*innen". Acta Facultatis Philosophicae Universitatis Ostraviensis Studia Germanistica, n. 31 (febbraio 2023): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/studiagermanistica.2022.31.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Our study focuses on expiring relationships between language policy in the educational context and the users of foreign languages (i.e. pupils). The theoretical part of the study introduces the term language policy and indicates its development in the Czech Republic over the recent years. The empirical part aims to describe how the pupils perceive the German language. Methodologically, we use qualitative analysis of language portraits and interviews. The research sample consists of 25 students (8th grade). Our results show the instrumentalized function of the German language and focus on the usage of the German language. Based on our results, we suggest some changes in language policy that would better fit pupils’ perceptions of languages.
4
SACHROVÁ, Kateřina. "Authentic Literature in Textbooks of Czech as a Foreign Language". Bohemistyka, n. 4 (3 novembre 2021): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2021.4.7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Usage of the literary style is an important part of teaching and learning Czech as a native or foreign language. The literary style, or more exactly, the style of literature, drama and poetry, is an important way of that representing the culture at the basis of the taught language. In this paper, we provide a short outline of the problem of authenticity in textbooks of Czech as a foreign language. The aim of this article is to present some of the aspects of using authentic literary texts in modern communicative textbooks. The study is based on analysis of the textual content of contemporary teaching materials.
5
Králík, Jan, e Michal Šulc. "The Representativeness of Czech corpora". International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 10, n. 3 (1 settembre 2005): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.10.3.04kra.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The attempt to balance corpora with respect to their future usage led to the introduction of the termexpectations(Králík 2001b). On the bases of several statistical inquiries of such expectations, the textual structure ofSYN2000,which is the synchronic part of the Czech National Corpus (CNC), was proposed and realised. The present article explains the original composition briefly and discusses two new inquiries concerning expectations(A-2001andC-2001).Important corrections for future work on the CNC are suggested. The expectations concerning newspapers changed radically during 1996–2001. Within the same period, an obvious rise of interest in fiction can be detected. The reasons for these developments can be traced to trends in Czech society. Thus, we have proposed a considerable reduction in the proportion of newspaper texts and a large increase in the proportion of fiction texts. According to new searches, more detailed percentages for specific subject areas are suggested.
6
Klimek-Jankowska, Dorota. "Variation in Aspect Usage in General-Factual Contexts: New Quantitative Data from Polish, Czech, and Russian". Languages 7, n. 2 (7 giugno 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020146.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aims to account for the variation in aspect choices in factual imperfective contexts in Polish, Czech, and Russian. A series of online questionnaires were conducted wherein the native speakers of the tested languages were asked to fill in the missing verbs for two types of existential contexts (neutral and resultative) and four types of presuppositional factual contexts (weakly and strongly resultative with a focus on the initiator or the result state of the past event). We show that neutral existential factual contexts generally elicited significantly more imperfective choices than resultative existential factual contexts. Additionally, there was a trend towards a higher usage of imperfective in weakly resultative presuppositional contexts as compared to strongly resultative presuppositional contexts, suggesting that the less emphasis is placed on the result state the more likely the choice of imperfective aspect is for the expression of the temporal indefiniteness of factual contexts. Russian showed a significantly higher proportion of imperfective uses than Polish and Czech, with Czech being intermediate. We argue that these observations result from the fact that in all types of factual contexts (both existential and presuppositional) there is an interaction between two types of TEMPORAL (IN)DEFINITENESS of the past event: (i) temporal (in)definiteness at the micro-level (first phase syntax-vP) (depending on the position of the time variable within the temporal event of the past complex event) and (ii) (in)definiteness of the past event at the macro-level (second phase syntax–AspP and TP) (related to the position of the past event relative to the utterance time). We show that both discourse-level information and verb-level information interact in determining these two types of (in)definiteness, and they do it differently in Polish, Czech, and Russian.
7
Svobodová, Diana. "Assessment of Modern Loanwords by the Contemporary Czech Youth". New Educational Review 32 (2013): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/tner.13.32.2.13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with specific symptoms of formal adaptation of modern loanwords within various spheres of language and their usage and assessment by the contemporary Czech pupils and students. It is based on the results of long-term research and extensive questionnaire search concentrated on the written forms of selected Anglicisms.
8
Horák, Aleš, Vít Baisa, Adam Rambousek e Vít Suchomel. "A New Approach for Semi-Automatic Building and Extending a Multilingual Terminology Thesaurus". International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 28, n. 02 (marzo 2019): 1950008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213019500088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper describes a new system for semi-automatically building, extending and managing a terminological thesaurus — a multilingual terminology dictionary enriched with relationships between the terms themselves to form a thesaurus. The system allows to radically enhance the workow of current terminology expert groups, where most of the editing decisions still come from introspection. The presented system supplements the lexicographic process with natural language processing techniques, which are seamlessly integrated to the thesaurus editing environment. The system’s methodology and the resulting thesaurus are closely connected to new domain corpora in the six languages involved. They are used for term usage examples as well as for the automatic extraction of new candidate terms. The terminological thesaurus is now accessible via a web-based application, which (a) presents rich detailed information on each term, (b) visualizes term relations, and (c) displays real-life usage examples of the term in the domain-related documents and in the context-based similar terms. Furthermore, the specialized corpora are used to detect candidate translations of terms from the central language (Czech) to the other languages (English, French, German, Russian and Slovak) as well as to detect broader Czech terms, which help to place new terms in the actual thesaurus hierarchy. This project has been realized as a terminological thesaurus of land surveying, but the presented tools and methodology are reusable for other terminology domains.
9
Kubát, Miroslav, e Xinying Chen. "Modality of verbs as stylometric feature in Czech genres". Glottometrics 55 (2023): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53482/2023_55_413.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The goal of the study is to analyze modality of verbs from the perspective of its usage in different types of Czech texts. The analysis is based on data from the Czech National Corpus, specifically the balanced corpus of contemporary written Czech SYN2020, which contains 100 million words. The proportion of modal verbs to all verbs is used to measure modality. Furthermore, different types of modality are considered: necessity and possibility. The findings reveal distinct patterns in the use of modal verbs in different genres. Thus, index of modality seems to be a promising stylometric feature. Non-fiction literature, especially administrative texts, exhibits the highest modality. In contrast fiction texts, namely poetry, has the lowest modality.
10
Höppnerová, Věra. "Zur morphologisch-syntaktischen Charakteristik der Handelskorrespondenz". Fachsprache 35, n. 3-4 (29 maggio 2017): 118–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v35i3-4.1325.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with morphological and syntactic phenomena of German business correspondence. The surveyed phenomena are quantified; the reasons of their frequent or lessfrequent occurrence in business correspondence and their purpose are examined. The results are contrasted to usage patterns in Czech business correspondence.
11
Zasina, Adran Jan. "Corpus approach to teaching Czech as a foreign language in university courses". Bohemistyka, n. 3 (22 dicembre 2022): 435–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The corpus approach to teaching Czech as a foreign language has not gained its stable place in academic language teaching practice in spite of growing interest in the last years. A comprehensive framework of corpus-based exercises usage and their influence on students' language development is still missing. This article aims to verify the data-driven learning (DDL) method in teaching Czech at university level. The analysis was based on an experiment in which an experimental group using the corpus approach was examined in comparison with a control group. The research was conducted in the form of a one-semester course for Polish students of Czech studies. The results have proven that thanks to DDL activities, students accomplished positive outcomes and, in several areas, had even better results in comparison with control group. They substantially improved in terms of grammatical gender, vocalisation of prepositions, and genitive singular and plural. For these three language phenomena concrete application of corpus exercises was presented. The study confirmed that the clear and systematic procedure presented in the corpus approach to teaching contributed to the fixation of taught material. Employment of DDL methods in university language courses has a chance to become a permanent means used by teachers and students in language discovery in the future.
12
Schillová, Aksana. "On corpus-driven research of complex adverbial prepositions with spatial meaning in Czech". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 72, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2021): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0039.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Complex adverbial prepositions with spatial meaning have not been sufficiently studied so far in Czech. To establish a set of these expressions in their actual usage, the resources of the Czech National Corpus were used in this study. The research has shown that the SYN2020 corpus is a relevant tool for searching for two-word expressions with a LOCATIVE ADVERB – SIMPLE PREPOSITION structure that have the same function as a one-word locative preposition. The article describes a method for the extraction of these expressions from the corpus, as well as a method for the collection of their quantitative data using corpus tools. As a result of the research, a list of expressions that are presumably complex prepositions is provided.
13
Ivanová, Martina, e Miroslava Kyseľová. "Attitudes Towards Gender-Inclusive Language Among Slovak, Czech, and Polish Speakers". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 73, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2022): 395–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2023-0015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In this paper, the various arguments that have been presented with respect to usage of generic masculine forms and pair/feminine forms are discussed and analysed. The source of the data is provided by a questionnaire carried out in October 2019, including a sample of answers and comments from Slovak, Czech and Polish respondents. In the study, two dominant views on generic masculine forms, arbitrary and semantic, are introduced and discussed against empirical findings from many experiments and studies. The material from the questionnaire is qualitatively analysed with respect to the axiological reactions of the respondents. The language attitudes are further classified into eight categories: representation, offensiveness, addressing, economy, textual qualities, language naturalness, tradition and ideological markedness. The attitudes of participants from both “camps” are quoted to illustrate the argumentation process yielding to the acceptance or rejection of forms substantiating gender-inclusive language.
14
Pořízka, Petr. "A Corpus of Czech Essays from the Turn of the 1900s". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 72, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2021): 618–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A literary essay is an interesting unit for language analyses, as its stylistic means often exceed the boundaries of the genre of an artistic essay. The article presents a new corpus of Czech literary essays covering approximately fifty years from 1890 to 1940. Along with the characterisation of the corpus and its annotation, the paper focuses on the TxM corpus tool: In the second part of the study, we use selected texts to conduct an analysis of seven various authors through multidimensional cluster analysis, factorial correspondence analysis and a specificity score. The main parameter of the analyses was usage of parts of speech in texts by individual authors. At present, the Corpus of Czech Essays contains 40 essayist titles written by 15 authors covering various topics (music, visual arts, theatre, literature, etc.).
15
Bartoň, Josef. "Church-Slavonic Elements as a Source of the Czech Biblical Style in the Period of the Czech National Revival (Unique Attempt of František Novotný from Luže)". Slovene 7, n. 2 (2018): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2018.7.2.7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with linguistic aspects of a Czech Biblical text originating in the period of the beginning of the Czech National Revival which has until recently been entirely forgotten. The text is a Tetraevangelion written by a Catholic priest František Novotný from Luže (1768–1826), an almost forgotten contemporary and collaborator of the great representatives of the Czech National Revival Josef Dobrovský and Josef Jungmann. Novotný was an expert on Latin, Greek, Church Slavonic and old and new Czech (he was also the author of the early grammar of Czech that was published in Czech). His four Gospels in Czech, published in 1810–1811, belong to the “learning type” translations. It continues the Czech Biblical translation tradition (at the turn of the 19th century represented primarily by the translation of the New Testament and of the entire Bible by František Faustin Procházka, which followed mainly the baroque Catholic St Wenceslas Bible and the Kralice Bible of the Moravian brethren), but has many specific features. The article focuses on the phenomenon that manifested itself (during the author's research of Novotný's text lasting several years) as its main and most interesting trait, namely, a strong influence of the Church Slavonic Biblical text, which is an absolutely rare phenomenon at the beginning of the Czech National Revival. The author, confronting the previous Biblical translation tradition with Novotný’s, reveals a number of innovations that were materialised in Novotný's translation and whose origin in the Church Slavonic Bible is certain or at least very probable. The innovations concern various levels of linguistic description, mainly syntax and lexicon, but also word formation and morphology. The most interesting of Novotný’s novelties is his usage of the adjectival past participle ending with -(v)ší, since this category was introduced into literary Czech in the period of the Czech Revival. It is also important that Church Slavonic is, with high probability, the only source of the enrichment and “refreshment” of the Czech Biblical style that is written in another Slavonic language (Novotný seems not to use any living Slavonic languages).
16
Koutová, Marta. "The Use of Verb Tenses in Subordinate Content Clauses in Czech". Bohemistyka, n. 3 (22 dicembre 2022): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research on the use of verb tenses in Czech subordinate clauses is based on the notions of absolute and relative tense and on the distinction between content and adjunct clauses. It is generally agreed that absolute tenses are used in adjunct clauses, whereas relative tenses are typically used in content clauses. Based on an analysis from the Czech National Corpus, I will demonstrate that, in addition to the assumed use of tenses and in contrast to their usage in English, there are also variations in their use: in content clauses, even tenses selected from the speaker’s perspective are used in certain cases, and in certain adjunct clauses relative tenses may also be used.
17
Ellis, Nick C., Matthew B. O’Donnell e Ute Römer. "Second language verb-argument constructions are sensitive to form, function, frequency, contingency, and prototypicality". Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4, n. 4 (8 dicembre 2014): 405–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.4.4.01ell.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We used free association tasks to investigate second language (L2) verb-argument constructions (VACs) and the ways in which their access is sensitive to statistical patterns of usage (verb type-token frequency distribution, VAC-verb contingency, verb-VAC semantic prototypicality). 131 German, 131 Spanish, and 131 Czech advanced L2 learners of English generated the first word that came to mind to fill the V slot in 40 sparse VAC frames such as ‘he __ across the …’, ‘it __ of the …’, etc. For each VAC, we compared these results with corpus analyses of verb selection preferences in 100 million words of usage and with the semantic network structure of the verbs in these VACs. For all language groups, multiple regression analyses predicting the frequencies of verb types generated for each VAC show independent contributions of (i) verb frequency in the VAC, (ii) VAC-verb contingency, and (iii) verb prototypicality in terms of centrality within the VAC semantic network. L2 VAC processing involves rich associations, tuned by verb type and token frequencies and their contingencies of usage, which interface syntax, lexis, and semantics.
18
Chen, Amber Xuqian, e Helene H. Fung. "THE EFFECT OF LANGUAGE ON PREPARATION FOR OLD AGE: EVIDENCE FROM CROSS-CULTURAL SURVEY AND TWITTER DATA". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (novembre 2019): S976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3536.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract We aimed to further investigate the linguistic-savings hypothesis (Chen, 2013) in the field of aging, which maintains that when languages grammatically divide the future and the present (e.g. English and Czech), speakers tend to behave less future-oriented than those speaking languages that do not mark future tense (e.g. German and Chinese). In the 2018 wave of Aging as Future Project, 2,042 participants from the United States, Germany, Czech Republic, Hong Kong and Taiwan (18-93 year, Mean age= 55.47, 55.61% female) completed online questionnaires. The results supported the hypothesis that people speaking future-less languages tended to perceive the timing of preparation for old age closer to the present in terms of finance, living arrangement, nursing care, and loneliness, they also took action earlier and performed more relevant activities. Furthermore, the association between language and preparation timing was more salient in older adults than younger counterparts. And path analysis revealed that time discounting was a significant predictor (P=0.049) for the future-oriented behavior. Hence, speakers of futureless languages will view the future as temporally closer to the present, causing them to discount the future less and prepare for old age actively. Using LIWC 2017, we then analyzed community-level of future orientation with 80 million Tweets across countries and replicated our principal result through that usage of future-oriented languages partly predicted prevalence of health behaviors. The findings indicate that language not only shape people's own future-oriented outcomes, through decreasing time discounting, but also influence population health as a whole.
19
Seliverstova, Elena. "Nikolai Leskov in the aspect of translation: language game and phraseology". Bohemistyka, n. 1 (8 maggio 2019): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2019.1.8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The continuing interest in the artistic word reveals all the new aspects of the study of the writers’ language, the methods of usage of the linguistic units in their works. This article brings together in one focus several problems: the study of the language creativity of N.S. Leskov, manifested in the creation of unforgettable speech portraits of characters, who, in search of expressiveness, realize their creative abilities, using already known words and expressions or creating the new ones. Occasional expressions, used to achieve maximum expressiveness and intensity of the transmitted value, can be read in the same text in different ways. The multiple transformation of stable expressions is especially typical for the writer, therefore it is difficult not only to interpret the author’s phraseology in Leskov’s works, but also to translate. The Czech translators using the principle of functional similarity try to keep ways of usage of the units created by the author and to inform the reader of expressivity, emotional sounding and esthetic functions of the original.
20
f, f. "The Factors of the Distribution of Grammatical Categories and Phenomena in Contemporary Czech". Korean Association of Slavic Languages 29, n. 1 (30 aprile 2024): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30530/jsl.2024.29.1.21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As to the application of the grammar within communication, we distinguish between two contingencies: a) grammatical categories which attach to the objective reality (verbal tenses, number, gender etc.), b) those which do not (in Czech for example the category of case). The relation between grammar and objective reality is not naturally rectilinear and troublefree. It could be complicated by various factors - not only the different type of language but also actualization which we comprehend as the unusual application of a grammatical form (often in order to gain more expressive term) - for example the sentence in the future tense Budeš psát (You will write) functions as that in the stressed imperative mood. To speakers with the advanced knowledge of Czech it is possible to present also special unmarked grammatical categories where a respective grammatical form can have more than one meaning. In the sentence Studuje český a německý jazyk (He studies Czech and German languages) the word jazyk (language) has the form of singular but the meaning of plural. There are many factors which influence the adequate choice of a grammatical category. In this respect the semantics are applied to a large extend and in various ways. The important role can be also played by number and so-called signal words which need the usage of a concrete morphological category (for example after the adverb včera (yesterday) must the preterite tense follow). From the linguo-didactic point of view this theme is very important and it is necessary to go on working it out.
21
Janečka, Martin, e Tereza Kouklíková. "KE KONKURENCI GENITIVU POSESIVNÍHO A INDIVIDUÁLNĚ POSESIVNÍCH ADJEKTIV V SOUČASNÉ MLUVENÉ ČEŠTINĚ". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 71, n. 1 (1 giugno 2020): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2020-0012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This article deals with the linguistic competition of the possessive genitive and possessive adjectives in contemporary spoken Czech language. It focuses on the differences between the constructions of the type Barbořin byt (Barbora’s flat), byt (naší) Barbory (the flat of (our) Barbora) and (naší) Barbory byt ((our) Barbora’s flat). The paper’s aimis to find out which of the possessive structures are preferred by speakers (and alternatively for what reason) or whether the frequency of their usage is equal. At first, both ways of expressing the possession with all their restrictions are described from the theoretical point of view. Moreover, the semantic relation of possessivity is specified. The next section suggests the influences which may govern the preference of the speaker. Within empirical research, data from the corpus of spoken Czech (ORALv1) are examined and it is seeked for explanation of factors that influence the choice of the structure. This also demonstrates whether one of the possessive structures has a dominant position or whether they occur in similar numbers.
22
Kafoněk, Richard. "Competence: Focus on a term as a prerequisite for understanding of the Strategic Competence Management concept". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, n. 2 (2012): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260020499.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Strategic Competence Management is a new interesting managerial concept which describes ways how firms should develop their competencies in a systematic way to get sustainable competitive advantage at the market. But the meaning of the term Competence varies significantly among different – not only managerial – disciplines. To be able to work with the concept of the Strategic Competence Management, the sense of the term Competence must be necessarily clarified. This paper describes different meanings of the term Competence and builds prerequisites for it’s usage especially regarding the Strategic Competence Management in a Czech language environment.
23
DANYLENKO, Liudmyla. "MEMORY FROM A LINGUISTIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE". MOVOZNAVSTVO 334, n. 1 (17 marzo 2024): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-334-2024-1-003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article explores the linguistic characteristics of the concept of memory as one of the key cultural concepts among other meaningful ones — person, life, language, word. The starting point was the position that memory is a psychological category that is verbalized in different ways by linguistic means, models synonymous series, mental image forms. It is noted that the word-concept memory correlates with the words consciousness, memory, imagination, mind, knowledge through the prism of individual and collective experience of the past, and acts as a tool for evaluating human existence. In a comparative aspect, the semantics of the Ukrainian verb to remember and the Czech zapomnět, as well as the related nouns nezabudka and pomněnka, are considered. Verbs, having at first glance a similar grammatical structure, are characterized by antonymic meanings in modern literary languages. The factors that led the original semantic feature of the root pomn- (memor- [пам’ят-]) — «to remember» — to develop to the opposite meaning in the Czech verb zapomnět «to forget / not to remember something» are analyzed. It was noted that under the influence of other Slavic languages, the parallel use in the XVI–XVII c. in the Ukrainian language, two words — «пам’ятати / помнити» — led to the fact that the word to remember displaced the word to remember from usage. The semantics of ʽmemory’ in the interpretation of figurative means — metaphors and phraseology, which show signs of high semantic stability, reproducibility in the language from memory, and thus have the status of collective memories. The evidence presented in the article shows that the conceptual field of memory is structured by concepts that are relevant both for the individual and for the whole human community in a particular time dimension and have a high axiological potential.
24
Větrovská Zemánková, Alžběta. "Studie verbální produkce předškolních dětí s vývojovou dysfázií". E-psychologie 14, n. 3 (29 ottobre 2020): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29364/epsy.377.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aims to analyse a range of the productive vocabulary and quality of verbal expression in Czech monolingual specific-language-impaired (SLI) preschool children. SLI children´s production was also compared to a verbal production of typically developing (age-matched) peers. An assessment tool was developed to measure the range and the quality of children´s production of nouns, verbs and adjectives. Both aspects of verbal production (the range and the quality) were also proved to be closely correlated. Research results reveal statistically significant differences between the SLI and a comparison group at both range and the quality of verbal expression. A more detailed examination shows that the differences between SLI and typically developing children´s production manifest themselves in the usage of adjectives the most and the least in the usage of nouns.
25
Touš, Radek. "Pojem secese v české literární vědě". Stylistyka 31 (6 febbraio 2023): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/stylistyka31.2022.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The presented study deals with the concept of Art Nouveau in Czech literary studies. In the first part, we try to outline the meaning that literary critics assigned to the term Art Nouveau at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when this term first began to appear in the Czech language environment. In the second part, we introduce the basic approaches to the term Art Nouveau, which numerous literary historians have applied in their works in many variations over the years. The aim of the paper is to point out the ambiguity of the term Art Nouveau, the core of which lies in the insufficient distinction between the original meaning of the term(from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries) and the later meanings that literary historians began to ascribe to it. The aim of the thesis is also to infer criteria from the presented analyses and interpretations, the observance of which would lead to a clearer usage of the term Art Nouveau and, consequently, to its introduction as a justified literary-historical category
26
Konečná, Kristýna, e Kristýna Vaňkátová. "A database of semantic features for chosen concepts (Attested in 8- to 10-year-old Czech pupils)". Topics in Linguistics 18, n. 1 (27 giugno 2017): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/topling-2017-0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In this paper, a database of semantic features is presented. 104 nominal concepts from 13 semantic categories were described by young Czech school children. They were asked to respond to the question “what is it, what does it mean?” by listing different kinds of properties for concepts in writing. Their responses were broken down into semantic features and the database was prepared using a set of pre-established rules. The method of database design, with an emphasis on the way features were recorded, is described in detail within this article. The data were statistically analysed and interpreted and the results along with database usage methodologies are discussed. The goal of this research is to produce a complex database to be used in future research relating to semantic features and therefore it has been published online for use by the wider academic community. At present, databases have been published based on data gathered from adult English and Czech speakers; however participation in this study was limited specifically to young Czech-speaking children. Thus, this database is characteristically unique as it provides important insight into this specific age and language group’s conceptual knowledge. The research is inspired primarily by research papers concerning semantic feature production obtained from adult English speakers (McRae, de Sa, and Seidenberg, 1997; McRae, Cree, Seidenberg, and McNorgan, 2005; Vinson and Vigliocco, 2008).
27
Márton, Szabolcs. "Tapping Into Unknown Musical Areas Analysis of a Medieval Bohemian Musical Manuscript". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 68, Sp.Iss. 2 (10 agosto 2023): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2023.spiss2.15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
"This research presents a medieval musical manuscript that has not yet been analyzed in detail. Catalogued under the name of Graduale Latino-Bohemicum, and currently held in the Batthyaneum Library of Alba Iulia, it has many peculiarities in comparison with other similar codices from the Transylvanian area, hence also compared with other Czech manuscripts. We offer analysis around the date of its creation, then debate different naming options. To create the proper context of understanding for the analysis, we present a brief historical background of the time and place in question, that is the turbulent 15th and 16th century of Europe, with special focus on Transylvania. We continue with the physical aspects of the manuscript that guide us through the colorful world of medieval codices. From a structural standpoint the work has two delimited parts. The bilingual manuscript starts with chants written in Czech and finishes with melodies in Latin. The existence of the Czech language, as well as many other clues govern us to set up hypotheses regarding its provenance. During the content analysis we dedicate a subchapter to the later page inserts that contain additional notes for the chants, wherefrom we can further conclude theories about the usage of the codex, authors of the later annotations, and so forth. We offer a more in-depth analysis of the musical notation where aspects like rhythm, staff, neumes used and special solutions are shown. Finally, we conclude all major, raised questions related to the name, origin, and genre. Keywords: Graduale Latino-Bohemicum, musical manuscript, codex, medieval, paleography, Gradual, Cancional, Antifonal, Hussite, Czech, Latin, Gregorian, unison, polyphony."
28
Berková, Kateřina, e Lenka Holečková. "Attitudes of Employers and University Students to the Requirements for Accountants in the Czech Republic". Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science 15, n. 1 (22 marzo 2022): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/eriesj.2022.150106.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the study is to verify employers and university students’ perception of the importance of professional and soft competencies that is placed on the position of financial accountant in the Czech Republic. The study is based on the international knowledge oriented to the difference between university students and employers in perception of the importance of professional and soft competencies. The research is focused on Czech companies from two regions and students of Accounting and Finance attending universities from two different regions. The research was conducted with the help of advertisement analysis and a questionnaire survey in the first quarter of 2020. In the advertisements, mainly the information literacy and usage of English language in accounting appeared. The perception of employers is not in accordance with the importance of competencies perceived by students who would like to work in the accounting profession. Responsibility, reliability, accuracy, and independence are important for students. Differences in the perception of competencies importance were not found. This study contributes to the identification of the competency’s importance regarding employers and students. It will be necessary to innovate teaching methods with the emphasis on the effective readiness of graduates for the accounting profession.
29
Klabal, Ondrej. "Synonyms as a Challenge in Legal Translation Training". Białostockie Studia Prawnicze 27, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2022): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2022.27.04.05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Even though it is sometimes argued that synonymy is undesirable in legal language, legal language is not devoid of it. In fact, legal language involves cases of syntactical synonymy and lexical synonymy as well as cases of absolute and partial synonymy. Therefore synonymy must be addressed in a legal translation classroom to make trainees aware of all the issues that it may involve, as well as of the fact that terms that may be perceived as synonymous by laypeople are not actually synonymous to lawyers (e.g. murder, homicide, manslaughter). What also needs to be addressed in a legal translation classroom are situations of near-synonyms, whose usage is governed by collocational or contextual restrictions (e.g. breach, violate, infringe) and sometimes involves slight nuances in meaning (e.g. liability v. responsibility, or unlawful, illegal, illicit, etc.). This article introduces a step-by-step approach designed to introduce legal translation trainees to a variety of issues related to (non-)synonymy in legal language, and presents a series of exercises that have been prepared to this end in line with the scaffolding approach. Although the exercises are designed for the English–Czech language pair, they are easily transferable to any teaching context involving English.
30
Poledňová, Ivana, Denisa Kuchtová, Zdenka Stránská e František Baumgartner. "ICT Technologies in the Education of Elementary School Pupils in the Czech Republic". International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies 9, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3220.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper deals with the state of implementation and usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the education of elementary school pupils in the Czech Republic. The aim of the research is to find out the opinions of teachers on the use of ICT in teaching and the extent to which these teachers use ICT technology in teaching, how, for what purpose and how, the use of ICT technologies is related to subjects and other relevant variables in the school context. The questionnaire survey was conducted among 103 primary school teachers in several primary schools. Respondents were selected on the basis of their willingness and voluntariness to participate anonymously in the research survey. The results of the research showed that the competencies of primary school teachers using ICT in teaching were relatively developed. We found that teachers use ICT not only in the teaching process, but also for communication with students, colleagues and parents. Our assumption was confirmed that ICT technologies were used significantly more in science than in humanities (except language subjects). According to teachers, the reaction of pupils to the use of ICT in teaching was positive.
31
Fried, Mirjam. "Constructing grammatical meaning". Studies in Language 31, n. 4 (14 agosto 2007): 721–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.31.4.02fri.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a usage-based analysis of four syntactic reflexives in Czech, this paper examines the question of representing speakers’ knowledge of polyfunctional grammatical categories. I argue that the reflexives form a prototype-based network of partially overlapping grammatical patterns, organized by the pragmatic concept of unexpected referential status in agent–patient relations. This concept is manifested in four distinct communicative functions: marking referential identity between agent and patient roles; distancing discourse participants from their involvement in the reported event; recasting a transitive event as a spontaneous change of state; expressing an attitude toward the reported event. Each function is shown to conventionally co-occur with a set of properties involving various combinations of the following: preferences in aspect and transitivity; semantic and/or pragmatic constraints on agents and patients; verb semantics; shifts in modality and pragmatic force; morphosyntactic constraints. Overall, the analysis supports the view that grammatical categories cannot be properly defined outside of broader grammatical context, thus arguing for a constructional approach to linguistic structure and for re-interpreting the principle of isomorphism in terms of ‘constructions’ in the sense of Construction Grammar.
32
Balowska, Grażyna. "Agresywne zachowania językowe w sytuacji granicznej". Bohemistyka, n. 3 (22 dicembre 2022): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2022.3.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject of the analysis are aggressive linguistic behaviours constituting a part of the pandemic discourse. We are interested in verbal aggression in a borderline situation, for which we consider the COVID-19 disease as the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The research material comes from the discussion forums of the Czech internet portal Novinky.cz. It was collected in the period from July 2021 to August 2022. The researched comments are an example of so-called written conversation, because they reflect the nature of spontaneous communication, the texts are unprepared, created with the usage of the language of everyday communication (běžná mluva), colloquialisms, slangisms, the obecná čeština, with a clear presence of expressive vocabulary. The article discusses manifestations of verbal aggression in a lexical-pragmatic perspective, while verbal aggression is understood as any deliberate linguistic behavior that causes harm to another person, inflicts psychological discomfort, presents them in a bad light, depreciates, mocks or ridicules them. The analysis focuses on such aggressive linguistic behaviour as threats, curses, insults, ridicule, accusations.
33
Zagorodniuk, Igor. "«Ssavtsi» (Mammalia): the story of a 100-year-old term". Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, n. 39 (11 novembre 2023): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2023.39.151-160.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of the Ukrainian word «ssavtsi» (= «suctorial») and its synonym «zviri» (= «beasts») to designate the class Mammalia is considered. It is shown that the word «zviri» is traditional, but over time the share of publications with the term «ssavtsi» increases, an in general there are twice as many of them. The similar meaning of these terms is conditional, and the author adheres to the usage of «ssavtsi» for the class Mammalia and «zviri» for the subclass Theria (= «placental»). The analysis of previous literature sources showed that the term «ssavtsi» appeared in scientific circulation only in 1910, in the textbook «Zoology» by I. Verkhratsky, and precisely as a plural noun with an iotized «i» («ssavtsї»). The author explains the latter as underlining the emphasis of the syllable, in contrast to predecessor terms, which were participles. This format was later changed to an iotless «i» with the appearance of writing the nomen in singular («ssavets»). There is a number of words based on the verb «ssaty» (= «to suck»), in particular «ssushchi», «ssachi», and «ssawchi in the prehistory of the appearance of the term «ssavtsi». The latter variant is not found in Ukrainian-language sources, but it was coined in the Polish language by M. Novytsky, a native of Galicia and Podolia, who after defending his thesis (in Lviv in 1863) became a professor at the Jagiellonian University, where he published a series of textbooks changing the meaning of «ssące» («zwierzęta ssące») and the noun «ssąwce» (the modern form is «ssaki»). An analogous term was present in the Czech language («ssawci» modernised as «savci»), from which textbooks were translated by activists of the Ruthenian movements. Thanks to the educational activities of the Ukrainian Scientific Society (USS), it was included in textbooks and reference books (written by I. Rakovsky, M. Charlemagne, and I. Verkhratsky in 1919–1922). One of its first popularisers was V. Hnatiuk, the compiler of the ethnographic collection «Animal Epic» (1916), who listed the articles according to systematics and used the nomen «Ssavtsi» (Mammals) for the title of the section. The further distribution of this term can also be explained by the fact that the monosyllabic form has become fixed in all the neighbouring languages: Czech «savci», Polish «ssaki», Slovak «cicavce» and others. To some extent, it was also the answer to the Latin composite name Mammalia (mamma = «mammary gland», -alia = «the one possesses»), and the suffix «-ets» in Ukrainian is a completely corresponding formant.
34
Menshikova, E. R. "Justification of meanness, or The method of the cynic (digitalization of Cortez)". Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), n. 11 (26 novembre 2021): 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-2111-03.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The violentia that Caesar confessed and applied to the Gallic (and others) tribes, and that he conducted as a principle of human existence, and that was not introduced in usage by him into use and was successfully applied in the historical specifics of the “origin of the species” before him, but he only invented a way to justify such violent paradigm — “eyewitness notes”, in which violence was rooted in the ordinariness of the language, accustomed to act rather than explain, expanding the subject-shaped series, Roman Latin retained, dissolving the body of their verbs of directional action in languages Indo-European group (English, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Czech, etc.), changing the principle of thinking, survived like a virus, preparing the ground for the accession of Christian ideology: depriving freedom of comprehension and introducing a system of subordination, the aggressive code becomes the summumbonum that will swaddle the whole world, promising universal happiness, which is always relative, but legitimizing the pirate lifestyle as a guarantee of instability and incredible prosperity, and as a systemic Chaos that is controlled, shows its vitality, like virulence, to the new millennium. The unfolded concept of "Trojan terrorism" testifies that the Idea, having acquired the Image of the Сoncept: capture as a formality, owns society as a sovereign, establishing its Principle, demonstrating not only quasi and ultra anarchic freedom of will (as dogma and credo) of everyone, but also quite Martian chronicles of existence in every state on the planet, wills and completely the Martian chronicles of existence, relying on the 'multiple unity' of Consciousness in the context of total human (humanistic) impoverishment.
35
Menshikova, E. R. "Justification of meanness, or The method of the cynic (digitalization of Cortez)". Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), n. 10 (1 ottobre 2021): 892–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-2110-04.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The violentia that Caesar confessed and applied to the Gallic (and others) tribes, and that he conducted as a principle of human existence, and that was not introduced in usage by him into use and was successfully applied in the historical specifics of the “origin of the species” before him, but he only invented a way to justify such violent paradigm — “eyewitness notes”, in which violence was rooted in the ordinariness of the language, accustomed to act rather than explain, expanding the subject-shaped series, Roman Latin retained, dissolving the body of their verbs of directional action in languages Indo-European group (English, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Italian, Czech, etc.), changing the principle of thinking, survived like a virus, preparing the ground for the accession of Christian ideology: depriving freedom of comprehension and introducing a system of subordination, the aggressive code becomes the summumbonum that will swaddle the whole world, promising universal happiness, which is always relative, but legitimizing the pirate lifestyle as a guarantee of instability and incredible prosperity, and as a systemic Chaos that is controlled, shows its vitality, like virulence, to the new millennium. The unfolded concept of "Trojan terrorism" testifies that the Idea, having acquired the Image of the Сoncept: capture as a formality, owns society as a sovereign, establishing its Principle, demonstrating not only quasi and ultra anarchic freedom of will (as dogma and credo) of everyone, but also quite Martian chronicles of existence in every state on the planet, wills and completely the Martian chronicles of existence, relying on the 'multiple unity' of Consciousness in the context of total human (humanistic) impoverishment.
36
Шміхер, Тарас. "Book Review". East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 5, n. 2 (28 dicembre 2018): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2018.5.2.shm.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION WORKSHOP IN PRIASHIV
Ukrajinský jazyk a kultúra v umeleckom a odbornom preklade v stredoeurópskom priestore : Zbornik príspevkov z medzinárodného vedeckého seminára, ktorý sa konal dňa 27.9.2017 na Katedre ukrajinistiky Inštitutu ukrajinistiky a stredoeurópskych štúdií Filozofickej fakulty Prešovskej univerzity / Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove ; ed.: Jarmila Kredátusová. Prešov: Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove, 2018. 216 p. (Opera Translatologica; 6/2018).
Ukrainian modern academic traditions in the Western Transcarpathian area of Priashiv (Presov in Slovak) go back to the 19-century intellectual institutions of the Ukrainian Catholic Church of the Byzantine Rite. After WW2, the main centre of Ukrainian education was the Pegagogical College which was later transformed into a separate university. This university helps the local Ukrainians maintain and develop their rich traditions of learning and research. It is no surprise that the very university hosted the International academic workshop “The Ukrainian Language and Culture in the Literary and Sci-Tech Translation of Middle European Space” (27 September 2017). The workshop brought together specialists in Ukrainian Studies from Ukraine, Slovakia, Czechia and Poland. One year later the conference volume was finalized and published.
The first part of the book contains the historical and bibliographical essays which record the history of Ukrainian-Slovak and Ukrainian-Czech literary translation. Jarmila Kredátusová’s task was to present the outline of Slovak-Ukrainian and Ukrainian-Slovak translation which started progressing rather dynamically only after WW2. She presents its history divided into decades and discusses specific features and some statistical data from each period. In the end, she also describes today’s hardships of this translation in Slovakia (relations with readership, translation criticism, professional qualification) which are similar to ones in Ukraine. The history of Ukrainian-Czech translation is longer and richer. The existing extended papers cover the pre-1989 time rather well, that is why Rita Lyons Kindlerová and Iryna Zabiyaka dedicated their articles to the editions and tendencies of the recent decades. Rita Lyons Kindlerová offers the analysis of translated literature from Ukrainian into Czech and pinpoints the turning moment of the year 2001 when Ukrainian literature started reentering Czech society and have promising prospects among readers. Conversely, Iryna Zabiyaka studies the literary presentation of Czechia in Ukraine and considers the most important translations and main tendencies. She also designs a list of Czech authors whose writings are worth translating into Ukrainian. At the same time, she characterizes the pitfalls of Ukraine’s translation market from the viewpoint of these translations. Since we lack translation bibliographies and insightful translation monographs, the above articles contribute to a larger possible publication in future which will reveal more sociological dimensions of Ukrainian-Slovak and Ukrainian-Czech translation.
Papers in the second part focus on literary translation. Liudmyla Siryk outlined similarities in the translation theories of Mykola Zerov and Maksym Rylskyi. Thus, she has proven that Rylskyi’s views were the further progress of Zerov’s ones, and we have to remember it may be a gesture of respect or substitution: Zerov was murdered in 1937, and Rylskyi fulfilled his duty to preserve and develop the fundamental ideas of his friend and colleague. Anna Choma-Suwała explored the facets of literary interpretations and connections between Oleh Olzhych (Kandyba) and Józef Łobodowski. Łobodowski’s translations did not only discover the intellectual poetry by Oleh Olzhych, but they are also a contribution to the Polish-Ukrainian cultural contacts and cooperation. Yuliya Yusyp-Yakymovych addresses to verse translation by investigating the specific features of rendering intonation, rhythm, meter, repetitions, onomatopoeia and aesthetic norms in translation. Adriana Amir’s contribution deals with the Slovak-language translation of Vasyl Shkliar’s historical novel ‘The Black Raven’ (done by Vladimír Čerevka) and tackles the issues of reflecting lexical means for showing the real historical context which border on the shaky axiological limits of political correctness. The main aesthetic form of contemporary writing is the usage of non-standard language which is abundant in modern Ukrainian literature. That is why Veronika Dadajová regarded incorrect figures of the literary sociolect as a topical point of literary translation nowadays. Meanwhile, Viera Žemberová interprets Yuriy Andrukhovych’s literary and aesthetic experience for Slovak readers by analyzing his novel ‘Recreations’ whose Slovak translation was published in Priashiv in 2003.
Sci-tech translation is focused on in the third part containing articles on rendering terms and grammatical problems of interlingual translation. The paper by Mária Čižmárová will serve as a practical tool for Ukrainian-Slovak translators and interpreters who will have to render idioms with the floristic component. Similarly practical are the contributions covering two branches of Ukrainian-Slovak specialized translation: commercial translation (by Lesia Budnikova and Valeriya Chernak) and legal translation (by Jarmila Kredátusová and Valeriya Chernak). The study of loan words is the topic of the paper by Jana Kesselová which offers the complex view of loan processes in today’s Slovak. However, it would be desirable to discuss Ukrainian sources as well. It is rather a rare case when one volume consists of papers discussing both literary translation and sci-tech translation, but in the presented book, this amalgamation is quite natural and shows the multifacetedness of Ukrainian translation in Slovakia.
The informational contents of all the papers are rather high, and they will be useful for practical research by scholars, translators and critics. The good balance of early ‘classical’ and recent publications creates a complete picture both of the coverage of the topic in the chronological dynamics and the presentation of the academic traditions of institutions where the papers were produced.
This conference volume is an important contribution to Ukrainian Translation Studies in the area of Priashiv which has been shaped and developed by the publications in the literary magazine ‘Dukla’ (published since 1953), the proceedings of the Cultural Union of Ukrainian Workers (‘Naukovi zapysky KSUT’ in the 1980s to the early 1990s) and other editions of the Ukrainian Division of the Slovak Pedagogical Publishing House. The book will be useful for really wide readership in academic, literary and professional communities.
37
Balandina, Nadiya. "The Common and the Specific in the Translation of Pragmatic Clichés". Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 47, n. 2 (10 luglio 2020): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.482.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The object of the analysis is pragmatic clichés. Their linguistic behavioral nature serves as an example to demonstrate subtleties of Czech-Ukrainian translation and is based on the differentiation of the common and the specific, systemizing the specific which causes most translation difficulties. Among the common features we can specify are: the presence of explicit or implicit performatives in the structure of clichés; speech act specificity; the connection with stereotypical communicative situations and culturally defined standards of behavior; perception of communicative success in different spheres and at different stages; retranslation of ethical and cultural meanings; the obligatory nature of the recipient’s reaction, at least, in the form of ‘received’. The specific is presented as a set of attributes different from the attributes of an analogous unit of the target language; it should demonstrate quantitative and qualitative definiteness. The study shows the way the specific can cause interest, occasionally cognitive dissonance, and cases when it can hinder full-fledged communication. The specific has been described in the context of issues of translation equivalence and adequacy. It has been proved that the vocabulary significative equivalent is only one possibility among the abundance of reference variants connected with specific contexts. Taking verbs as an example, the paper offers possible approaches to rendering grammatical meanings which are abstract by their nature and require taking into consideration different nuances and subtleties, including frequency of usage. Zero equivalence is presented as the highest degree of expressing the specific. This idea is proved using the translations of wishes which include the lexemes рушник (lit. ‘towel/ cloth’) and доля (lit. ‘fate’) in the Ukrainian language. The common and the specific are characteristic for both the linguistic model and the communicative model of translating pragmatic clichés. But it is the specific which offers most resistance in the process of rendering linguistic units.
38
Juríková, Tűnde, Ildikó Viczayová, Jiří Mlček, Jiří Sochor, Katarína Fatrcová-Šramková, Marianna Schwarzová e Alžbeta Hegedűsová. "The comparative study of medicinal plants utilization as herbal antibiotics by college students". Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, n. 1 (28 settembre 2019): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1153.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The medicinal plant utilization has become more and more popular and increasing number of consumers prefer alternative medicine to synthetic antibiotic. Research dealing with evaluation of medicinal plant usage as herbal antibiotics including the sample of 584 quizzed college students aged 19 – 25 years (337 women, 217 men) originated from Slovak Republic (n = 338), Czech Republic (n = 112) and Hungary (n = 134). According to university and the study programme the following groups were evaluated: Constantine the Philosopher University CPU (PEES – Pre-school and elementary education in Slovak language, PEEH – Pre-school and elementary education in Hungarian language, BI – Biology, RT – Regional Tourism), Mendel University in Brno MU (H – Horticulture), Slovak University of Agriculture SUA (H – Horticulture), University of Pécs UP (PE – Physical education), Comenius University CU (PE – Physical education). The study was aimed at the evaluation of the significance of the country and the study programme for the use of the most commonly used herbs: plantain, elderberry, stinging nettle, ginger and coneflower (Echinacea). Our results showed that the choice of preferred medicinal plants as herbal antibiotics during illness had not been clearly influenced by country or field of study programme. Plantain was the most frequently used herb by students of UP/PE (51.5%), CPU/PEES and CPU/PEEH (47.9%; 41.1%). Elderberry was the most popular herb among the students CPU/BI (52.9%), CPU/RT and SUA/H (37.8%). Stinging nettle was preferred as the most popular herb in groups of CPU/RT (46%). The significantly lower consumption of Echinacea was noticed in MU/H 4.5% in comparison with groups, CU/PE 26.4% (p <0.05), CPU/PEEH 27.4% (p <0.01), UP/PE 17.2% (p <0.05) and CPU/RT 28% (p <0.05). Regularly, all the year round the highest utilization of Echinacea was evident in CPU/BI 30.0%. The highest percentage formed respondent’s utilized Echinacea only during illness. Otherwise, the differences between the frequencies of Echinacea usage cannot be considered as statistically significant. Generally, a significantly higher level of ginger usage was assayed within groups SUA/H 80.0% (p <0.001), CPU/PEEH 66.3% (p <0.001), UP/PE 36.6% (p <0.001), CPU/BI 58.8% (p <0.001), CPU/RT 56.0% (p <0.001), MU/H 78.6% (p <0.001) and CPU/PEES 77.1% (p <0.001) in comparison with the rest of the groups. Daily the respondents from CU/PE 20.8% consumed ginger significantly more often than students belonging to CPU/BI 0.0% (p <0.05) and MU/H 0.0% (p <0.05). Respondents from CPU/PEEH consumed statistically significantly more ginger once a week in comparison with students belonged to MU/H 0.9% (p <0.05). To sum up the research results, we can claim that state or study programme had no clear statistically significant evidence on the regular consumption of medicinal plants as herbal antibiotics.
39
Sitnicki, Maksym, e Iryna Netreba. "INTERDEPENDENCE ASSESSING FOR NETWORKED READINESS INDEX ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INFORMATIVE FACTORS*". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, n. 2 (15 maggio 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-2-47-53.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the paper is to identify the common factors and their influence on features of NRI and, as a result, the impact on the competitiveness and well-being of Ukraine. The most influential economic indicators for the similar economic changes in the European countries are determined. Exploratory factor analysis has been used to uncover the underlying structure of relationships between measured variables that constructs the value of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI). Methodology. This research is based on a materials for the Eastern European countries, including Ukraine, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania, which have been used for the numerical evaluation of the data. The selection criterion for these countries is in many respects a similar evolutionary path of market economy development. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to investigate possible relationships between variables that are unique factors and NRI. In this case, EFA is used to analyze the relationship between Environment subindex (Political and regulatory environment with Business and innovation environment), Readiness subindex (Infrastructure, Affordability and Skills), Usage subindex (Individual usage, Business usage, and Government usage) and Impact subindex (Economic impacts and Social impacts) or observable variables and how it is affected by total summary NRI. As the predefined structure has not been set, EFA is used to measure the underlying factors that affect the variables in the data structure. Selecting factors and variables so as to avoid too much similarity of characteristics is also important. The set of subindexes values is divided on 31 variables corresponding to the reports' data. EFA has been carried out on R programming language for statistical computing by using environment and graphics supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing (GNU project). Results. Data dependency estimation for the macroeconomically significant Network Readiness Index has been implemented. It is proposed to construct a space of constituent parameters. Eigenvectors have been obtained for an array of data for the economies of eight European countries, which allow us to estimate the general development trends for macroeconomic decision-making problems. In particular, three complex factors are identified. Practical implications. The vectors determine change of the constructs of the value of the Networked Readiness Index of countries. EFA with dataset rawfl, method is maximum likelihood, diagonals of the correlation matrix are equal to squared multiple correlations. PA test is carried out to compute the eigenvalues for the correlation matrix. The study also made it possible to forecast the pace of development of information technology under the influence of the global viral pandemic COVID 19, which will launch a global economic and social recession. Value/originality. The algorithm proposed in this research is proved improving of discriminating between indicators in construct of the value the Networked Readiness Index.
40
Kováčová, Viera. "Biblical phraseology in intra-/interlinguistic Slovak and Czech Context II". Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 68, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2017): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2018-0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper presents the results of the conducted sociolinguistic research of the knowledge of biblical phraseology in the Slovak-Czech context. On the sample of 80 phrasemes of the biblical origin (their equivalents in Slovak and Czech languages) we reflect on the level of their knowledge and communicative usage by the representatives of the contemporary generationally diversified (seniors – middle generation – young generation) users of Slovak and Czech languages. The comparative Slovak-Czech dimension enables to register the convergent as well as divergent reactions of the users of two culturally and linguistically closely related communities which come to the forefront in both the intragenerational and crossgenerational aspect. In the last part of the paper, the results of the respondents’ phraseological competency in the field of biblical phraseology (knowledge and usage) are confronted with the results of the respondents’ cultural competency exemplified (based on their background knowledge and broader cultural understanding) by their ability to identify the biblical origins of the discussed phrasemes.
41
Talabirchuk, Oksana Yu. "SPECIFIC TRAITS OF HUNGARIAN-UKRAINIAN POETRY TRANSLATION (BASED ON YURII SHKROBYNETS’ TRANSLATIONS)". Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 1, n. 27 (3 giugno 2024): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2024-1-27-22.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article addresses matters related to the peculiarities of Hungarian-Ukrainian poetic translation. It was noted that the quality, complexity and overall mastery of literary translation largely depend on the translator’s artistic personality, i.e., their knowledge, skills, and creativity. In our opinion, Yurii Shkrobynets was the one to perform the highest quality poetry translations in the field of poetic Hungarian-Ukrainian translation. During half a century of translation experience, he performed translations from Old Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, German, Hungarian, Ossetian and Komi languages into Ukrainian, as well as from Ukrainian into Hungarian. The most significant portion of his translation heritage consists of translations of belletristic from Hungarian into Ukrainian, particularly these are 24 separate editions of both prose and poetic texts, and numerous poems, printed in periodic magazines and collections. Ukrainian translations of poetry by Yurii Shkrobynets are distinguished by linguistic richness and stylistic mastery, which can be seen in the way how all the structural features of the original work were preserved. The article’s topicality is determined by the insufficient research of both the theoretical issues of Hungarian-Ukrainian poetic translation, which require more thorough coverage within the framework of the partial theories of translation (in particular, it is of high importance to identify and describe different types of equivalents at the lexical, grammatical, and stylistic levels), and the translation principles and the translation concept by Yurii Shkrobynets. This [research] will contribute to the development of knowledge, skills and abilities that are necessary for a today’s Hungarian-Ukrainian translator. The purpose of the article is to trace and analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of poetic Hungarian-Ukrainian translation based on the literary translations by Yurii Shkrobynets. In order to achieve this purpose, the following objectives were set: 1) to outline the principal cultural and worldview patterns of Yurii Shkrobynets’ artistic personality; 2) to trace the distinguishing linguistic and stylistic differences between the Hungarian and Ukrainian languages and the difficulties they cause in terms of literary translation; 3) to identify and analyze the translation principles of Yurii Shkrobynets in order to highlight his individual style of poetic translation; 4) to find and examine the lexical-grammatical transformations used by Yurii Shkrobynets within the literary translation framework, using Janos Arany’s poem Toldi″ in his translation as an example. In addition to general scientific methods of analysis, the following methods of analysis are used: synthesis and generalization of the material, the cultural-historical method, the method of comparative analysis of original and translated texts, and linguo-poetic analysis. It was proved that, despite the significant differences between the Hungarian and Ukrainian languages, it is possible to make such a professional literary translation can indeed reproduce the original work’s system of images and associations in full. Neither significant language differences nor national versification systems and related rhyming features become an obstacle, if the translator is well knowledgeable of them. The article investigates that the creative personality of Yurii Shkrobynets was formed under the influence of both Ukrainian and Hungarian cultures, the synthesis of which constitutes a part of the translator’s worldview. The profound understanding of cultural peculiarities and literary traditions that form both Ukrainian and Hungarian belletristic, as well as a perfect command of two languages contributed to the development and skills sharpening of Yurii’s talent for translation. It was proved that the translator had his own aesthetic preferences, and therefore, he introduced works into the Ukrainian cultural polysystem that primarily resonated with his own worldview and cultural values. The translation concept of Yurii Shkrobynets was formulated by himself in his article “My duelling with Toldi”, which became a resume of the following main ideas of his translation activity: 1) to translate exclusively from the original; 2) to keep faith in the original in such a way that the translated text affects a reader in the same way as the original; 3) as close as possible to deliver both content and formal components of the work in such a way that the adherence to the form does not cause damage to the contents; 4) to select the appropriate means of the Ukrainian language for the linguistic and stylistic features of the original text. A comparative analysis of the Hungarian poem “Toldi” by J. Aran and the translation performed by Yurii Shkrobynets, which is considered one of his best achievements, showed the translator’s strict adherence to his own translation concept. Despite the fact that the Hungarian language is not related to the Ukrainian language and there are significant lexical and grammatical differences, Yurii Shkrobynets managed to produce such professional translations of Hungarian poetry into Ukrainian that they were barely recognized as translations. The translator selects such kinds of expressions, phrases and lexicons which fully reflect and depict the cultural concepts of the Ukrainian language. However, it does not damage the original because the translator saves the key elements of the Hungarian linguistic culture. Yurii Shkrobynets, in his translation, uses a dialectal vocabulary of the Ukrainian language, tropes (namely, epithets, comparisons, metaphors), and phraseological units, which are primarily attributed to Ukrainian folklore. By means of lexical transformations, he transfers the meaning of the original text in such a way that the translation does not lose its essence, as far as the situation described by the original author and the translator is identical and is different only by means of its expression. We believe that the translation transformations applied by Yurii Shkrobynets, like full and partial replacement of word forms, complete reconstruction, rearrangement, omission, concretization, generalization, and transcoding of proper names and titles are well founded and caused primarily by the syntactic features of Hungarian and Ukrainian languages, as well as significant grammatical differences in general. Additionally, the translator could not manage to reproduce the poetic imagery of the original work and preserve its rhyming features without the usage of complex both lexical and grammatical transformations. Furthermore, the translator’s own poetic talent is worthy of being noted as it is expressed in neologisms and creative artistic translation of the individual original author’s features of the source text. Yurii Shkrobynets skillfully reproduces the features of the Hungarian versification and successfully matches with the equivalents to phraseological units and non-equivalent vocabulary. Altogether, these principles lead to the formation of a high-quality and adequate literary translation.
42
Andrianova, Darya V. "Czech Phraseological Parallels to the Russian Dialect Idioms (Based on the Materials of the Complete Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects)". Philology 18, n. 9 (2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-9-19-26.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article provides a comparative analysis of Czech and Russian literary and dialectal phraseological units that characterize a wealthy person and prosperous life. Contemporary studies mostly deal with literal and colloquial idioms, whereas dialectal phraseology is rarely used for the comparative studies. It may stem from the fact that there are no large dictionaries of Russian dialectal phraseology. For this article, we used the materials for the Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, which is being prepared under the supervision of prof. V. M. Mokienko. The Russian part of the research is represented by approximately 250 idioms, the Czech part totals about 150 units. Czech and Russian phraseological units were grouped together according to their common internal image,the themes of components, similar syntactic models, or similar logical motivations. As an example in the group that combines Czech and Russian phraseological units with a similar figurative basis, we show the model 'animal or bird refuses to eat any kind of food' known in different languages. There are different variants of the model known to Czech and Russian dialects, which represent different animals and birds, and different types of food. The analysis of the idioms grouped together on the basis of the themes of their components have led to the conclusion that in Czech and Russian idioms, the image of wealth is often interpreted through the images of money, storage, satiety, food (mostly fat-heavy and also sweet – in Russian idioms), fantastic abundance, etc. For the Russian dialect phraseology, we describe one characteristic syntactic model, which marks a rich person: one cannot be reached / hurt with any tool. This model was not found in Czech idioms. A comparative analysis showed that in Russian dialect phraseology, which characterizes a comfortable life, one often observes tautological constructions with the lexeme ‘live’. In the Czech part of the materials, there was no tautology. Thanks to the dialectal phraseology the materials for the comparative study of the Czech and Russian idioms have qualitatively and quantitatively grown. Because of these dialectal units, parallels in the semantics and syntactic structure of many phraseological phrases in the studied languages have been made obvious. We have also managed to identify several Czech-Russian phraseological internationalisms, further historical and etymological study of which seems to bring us closer to the issue of the typological or genetic similarity of these idioms in two Slavic languages. Usage of dialect phraseology also lets us reveal several syntactic features typical only for Russian phraseology.
43
Luraghi, Silvia, Chiara Naccarato e Erica Pinelli. "The u+gen construction in Modern Standard Russian". Cognitive Linguistics 31, n. 1 (25 febbraio 2020): 149–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2018-0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn Modern Standard Russian (MSR), the prefix/preposition pair u-/u is peculiar with respect to other similar pairs, due to the meaning mismatch between the two. While the prefix u- has an ablative meaning, as shown when it is prefixed to motion verbs, the prepositional phrase u+gen occurs in locative constructions, and other related constructions, such as predicative possession that is expressed via the cross-linguistically common Locative Schema. Etymological considerations show that the meaning preserved by the prefix is older. The only type of occurrence which, according to the literature, preserves the ablative meaning for the u+gen construction is found with verbs of requesting, removing, and buying. Notably, however, in other Slavic languages putative ablative contexts are limited to verbs of requesting. Data from MSR, Old Church Slavic, Polish and Czech lead to the conclusion that the extension of the u+gen construction to verbs of removing in MSR is based on its use for the encoding of predicative possession. Extension to verbs of buying is better explained through the locative meaning of the construction. As a result of different developments, the u+gen construction has become part of the argument structure of a group of verbs including verbs of asking and requesting, verbs of removing, and verbs of buying, which are characterized by the common feature of taking human non-recipient third arguments. We argue that the different usages of the u+gen construction in MSR constitute an instance of constructionalization based on the merger of originally different constructions. We further argue that accounting for this development in constructional terms offers better insights in the relation among the various different usages of u+gen than simply focusing on the meaning of the preposition and its polysemy pattern.
44
Lamanauskas, Vincentas, Violeta Šlekienė, Loreta Ragulienė, Dragos Iordache, Costin Pribeanu, Martin Bilek, Bulent Cavas e Tatyana Mazurok. "SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS". Problems of Education in the 21st Century 57, n. 1 (25 dicembre 2013): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/13.57.61.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of social networking websites is becoming increasingly popular. While there are many reasons for this, the rapid spread of ICT is one of the most determining factors. New technologies provide various possibilities for education and in relation to social networking websites it is worth emphasizing their diverse possibilities. The functionality of social networking websites is increasing, and this, in its own way, opens many possibilities for the consumers, a factor encouraging the usage of social networking sites. This research relates to the usage of social networking websites. The purpose of the research is to ascertain how university students from a range of European countries (Lithuania, Romania, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Turkey) use social networking websites; how they value them; what opinion they have about various social networking websites; what they know about them. A questionnaire, Social Networks, with 16 questions was used in the research. The breakdown of the questions is as follows: 3 questions were allotted to establishing the characteristics of the respondents and 5 open ended type questions were to possible advantages and disadvantages of SNW. The 6th question was assigned to evaluate the frequency of social networking website usage. A list of 23 main networking websites was presented. The 8th question was to evaluate the functions of social networking websites (e.g., communication, advertisement, friend search, information exchange and so on). In addition, the questionnaire also presented 26 various type statements about social networking websites and respondents were asked to evaluate these by applying the interval Likert scale (from “Completely agree” to “Completely disagree”). The original questionnaire was translated into the national languages by the local researchers involved in the study. This education research was carried out in 2012-2013, recognizing that it is especially important to understand the essential motives of using social networking websites, to analyze their probable advantages and disadvantages, to make some comparisons among students from the different countries. The findings illustrated that the respondents knew a lot of social networking websites, with the most frequently visited and most popular being: You Tube, Facebook and Google+. The most important functions put forward by the university students were: communication, learning and exchanging information, texting. Gender differences were noted in the case of valuing social networking websites. The university students pointed out the following SN website advantages: (a) the possibility to communicate with many people at one time, (b) to get in touch with the people seen long ago also with the friends and relatives living abroad, (c) the possibility to find proper information and share it, etc. The respondents also noted that SN website had disadvantages. They indicated: lack of information publicity, a lack of privacy, insecurity in presented data, possible lies, deceptions, etc. Key words: comparative analysis, ICT, social networking websites, university students.
45
Josephson, Folke. "Old Irish and Slavic Prefixed Verbs and the Function of Prefixes". Studia Celto-Slavica 1 (2006): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54586/tcfq6560.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The long chain of verbal prefixes which is common in the Old Irish glosses is a phenomenon which has parallels in Slavic. The normal order of Old Irish prefixes is known. Violations of that order can be observed. The prefixes are homonymous with prepositions and thus have a local meaning. The exact function of the prefixes in the chain is, however, not always obvious. Some prefixes are telic and have a weakened local meaning. The reason for the order in which the prefixes occur has not been well explained. It is often difficult to determine where a certain prefix was placed when it was added to a preexisting shorter group of prefixes. Ro, con and ad can be infixed (in some cases prefixed) to indicate that an act or a state is seen as completed (perfective or perfect) or where ro and con indicate possibility or ability. The question can arise whether a certain prefix is of local or ‘aspectual’ nature. Doubling of prefixes occurs as in comtherchomracc ‘assembly’. In do·é-com-nacht ‘has bestowed’ ‘perfectivizing’ con- has been infixed into a pre-existing do·ind-naig. In·r-úa-lad ‘I have entered’ shows a similar process but with the ‘perfectivizing’ ro- in a different position. -r-ind·úa-lad (Ml 93cl4) ‘thou hast entered’ shows that this is not the only possible order. Multiple prefixes in Slavic were recently discussed by Filip (2003) who drew attention to the problematic nature of the function of prefixes as grammatical (inflexional) markers of perfective aspect. She also discussed their behaviour as directional prefixes. Most of her examples are from Czech and contain two (or three) prefixes. We shall draw attention to the prefixed verbs of Bulgarian which has longer chains of prefixes. It will therefore be interesting to compare Bulgarian with Old Irish. Many questions concerning these chains are similar to those that arise in the analysis of the OI chains of prefixes both in regard to function and position in the chain. The different position of 'aspectual' prefixes in Slavic and Irish should be observed. In this paper I shall mainly treat the functional properties of the prefixes. Bulgarian pridobivam is not too difficult to analyze. Izpoprebivam is more complicated as it shows actional iz- and the likewise actional po- in the initial position which is natural for such prefixes in Slavic languages. Izponaprikàzvam shows four prefixes though the very common combined prefix izpo- has been analyzed as being one entity. Nevertheless, po- seems to have kept its distributive meaning. Doubling of prefixes is found in Bulgarian. Filip (2003) considers the prefixes to be derivational morphemes, but does not see them as formal markers of perfectivity. The action of a prefixed verb may be quantized, telic or bounded. Böttger (2004) discusses grammatical and lexical derivation, grammaticalization and the Russian prefixes po-, zu- and ot- in a diachronical perspective. We shall discuss these theories and their applicability to OI and Bulgarian. The “directional and measurement usages” of Slavic and Irish prefixes will finally be compared with the functions of the Hittite enclitic directional particles.
46
Filippová, Eva, e Andrea Hudáková. "Czech Sign Language in contemporary Czech society". International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2016, n. 238 (1 gennaio 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2015-0046.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractCzech Sign Language (CzSL) is a vital means of communication used in the Czech Deaf community; it constitutes an essential communication tool for a minority population in the Czech sociolinguistic space. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the usage of CzSL in contemporary Czech society, to sketch a brief history of its formative stages and to list the challenges the Czech Deaf face nowadays. An emphasis is placed on the question of bilingualism of the CzSL users. Our special focus is on the questions of language socialization and social-cognitive development, as the early years set the stage for a Deaf child’s and the Deaf community’s subsequent advancement. Real world implications for the healthy and uncompromised development resonate throughout the discussion of the Czech education system and the place of the Deaf in it. CzSL represents an irrefutable part of the identity of the Czech Deaf population and, as such, merits a critical consideration in the context of the minority languages in the present day Czech society.
47
Mandysova, Petra, e Keela Herr. "Psychometric Evaluation of the Revised Iowa Pain Thermometer-Czech for Patients with Stroke". Journal of Nursing Measurement, 13 settembre 2021, JNM—D—20–00094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnm-d-20-00094.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and PurposePain is a frequent yet underdiagnosed problem in patients with stroke due to stroke-related cognitive limitations that may hamper effective usage of pain tools. The Revised Iowa Pain Thermometer-Czech (IPT-R-CZ) is a linguistically validated translation of an English-language self-report pain instrument; however, the psychometric properties of the Czech version are unknown. This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the IPT-R-CZ in cognitively intact and impaired Czech-speaking patients with stroke.MethodsFifty-four patients rated their pain intensity using the IPT-R-CZ, the Faces Pain Scale-Revised, and the Numerical Rating Scale, ranking them in terms of usability.ResultsCorrelations among pain scores across the tools were very strong. The IPTR-CZ ranked first in terms of usability.ConclusionConvergent validity, test-retest reliability, and usability of the IPT-R-CZ in Czech-speaking cooperative patients with stroke were acceptable.
48
Bermel, Neil, Luděk Knittl, Martin Alldrick e Alexandre Nikolaev. "Ideal and real paradigms: language users, reference works and corpora". Cognitive Linguistics, 7 marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2023-0032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This article approaches defective and overabundant paradigm cells as an opportunity and pitfall for usage-based linguistics. Through reference to two production tasks involving native speakers of Czech, we show how definitions of these two categories are problematized when multiple forms per context are entrenched, or when pre-emption seems to occur in the absence of entrenchment: in other words, pre-emption occurs via entrenchment of uncertainty. We explain the results by adopting a broader, usage-based perspective. We examine the relationship between frequency (as proxy for exposure) and reference-work information (as proxy for a priori structure) to assess their connection with our experimental results. We assign a role to frequency as helping to form perceptions of “suitable” and “unsuitable” forms, but also note places where non-frequency factors predominate. “Structure” as represented by reference-work recommendations appears to have no significant connection to our experimental results; we discuss reasons for this.
49
Lee, Chanyoung, Gyu-Ho Shin e Boo Kyung Jung. "How ‘good-enough’ is second language comprehension? Morphological causative and suffixal passive constructions in Korean". Applied Linguistics Review, 17 ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2022-0152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The ‘good-enough’ processing account argues that, given the parallel activation of two parsing routes—algorithmic and heuristic parsing, the processor prefers heuristics over algorithms when unfolding incoming input. Literature on L2 ‘good-enough’ processing conjoins with this argument, also claiming that various factors may modulate how the L2 processor adjusts its way to heuristic or algorithmic parsing. The present study investigates how L2 learners with contrastive L1 backgrounds (Czech; English) achieve ‘good-enough’ comprehension in Korean, a popular L2 target but understudied for this topic. We focus on morphological causative and suffixal passive constructions, which differ in terms of the alignment between thematic roles and case-marking and the interpretive computation that verbal morphology invites. Participants joined acceptability judgement and self-paced reading tasks, with manipulation of word order (verb-final vs. verb-initial). Results from these tasks suggest two aspects of L2 comprehension. First, L1 and L2 comprehension do not qualitatively differ regarding ‘good-enough’ processing: the L2 processor utilises both parsing routes to reduce the burden of work at hand at the earliest opportunity. Second, the divergence of L1 and L2 processing behaviours during comprehension may originate from various factors surrounding L2 learners (e.g., L2 usage, L1–L2 interface, task types), anchoring the noisy representations of L2 knowledge.
50
Vilela-Jones, Camille. "South American Joyce". Journal of Global Postcolonial Studies 10, n. 1 (7 dicembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/jgps.2022.1002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Several translations of the novel Ulysses by James Joyce exist in a variety of languages, even, recently, Chinese. It was published in 1922 and it was thereupon translated to German, French, and even Polish and Czech. One might be surprised to learn that three translations of the Irish novel have appeared in Brazilian Portuguese, with a fourth one planned to be published later this year. Unfortunately, the circumstances and the translators behind these publications have scarcely been considered outside of Brazil. Discussing these aspects highlights this marginalized country’s perceptions and contributions to the divulgation of Ulysses to Brazil along the years. I, thus, analyze the three Brazilian translations of the novel and their usage of polysemic words and vulgar language as I investigate them according to Lawrence Venuti’s concepts of domesticating and foreignizing translations. Analyzing the three Brazilian translations in terms of their foreignizing and domesticating traits is to address current transnational concerns in the fields of modernism, postcolonial literature, and translation, as a dialogue is brought to the forefront concerning possible connections and bridges the translators might have established between the two cultures and languages. This transnational trait is specifically important to marginalized cultures in order to highlight their contributions to Western novels, furthering, thus, the necessity and importance of understanding other perceptions of literary movements, in this case, modernism.