Bibliografie tematiche / Cycle de Stirling

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cycle de Stirling"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cycle de Stirling":

1

Wang, Shulin, Baiao Liu, Gang Xiao e Mingjiang Ni. "A Potential Method to Predict Performance of Positive Stirling Cycles Based on Reverse Ones". Energies 14, n. 21 (27 ottobre 2021): 7040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217040.

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There are two kinds of working mechanisms for the Stirling cycle, i.e., the positive and the reverse cycles, and a Stirling engine (SE) can be operated as a Stirling refrigerator (SR). This indicates that a probable practical method for evaluating the performance of a Stirling engine is to run it as a refrigerator, which is much easier to operate. For this purpose, an improved Simple model for both the positive and the reverse Stirling cycles, considering the various loss mechanisms and actual operating conditions, is proposed and verified by a self-designed Stirling engine. As to the positive cycle with helium and nitrogen at 2.8 MPa, the model errors range from 5.4–11.3% for the indicated power, and 1–10.2% for the cycle efficiency. As to the reverse cycle with helium and nitrogen, the errors of the predicted input power range from 7.9–15.3% and from 2.5–10.9%, respectively. The experimental cooling temperatures can reach −92.2 and −53.6 °C, respectively, for the reverse cycle with the helium and nitrogen at 2.8 MPa. This Stirling-cycle analysis model shows a good adaptability for both the positive and the reverse cycles. In addition, the p-V maps of the positive and reverse cycles are compared in terms of “pressure ratio” and “curve shape”. The pressure ratio of the reverse cycle is significantly higher than that of the positive one at the same mean pressure. A method is proposed to predict the indicated work of the positive Stirling cycles using the reverse ones. A mathematical model to predict the indicated power of the positive Stirling cycles based on the reverse ones is proposed: Wheat2−Wcool1=A·(Tge2−Tgc2Tgc1−Tge1)B. The most critical issue with this method is to establish an associated model of the temperatures of the expansion and the compression space. This model shows a good adaptability for both the positive and the reverse cycles and can provide detailed information for deep discussion between the positive and the reverse cycles.
2

Pandit, Tanmoy, Pritam Chattopadhyay e Goutam Paul. "Non-commutative space engine: A boost to thermodynamic processes". Modern Physics Letters A 36, n. 24 (10 agosto 2021): 2150174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321501741.

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We introduce quantum heat engines that perform quantum Otto cycle and the quantum Stirling cycle by using a coupled pair of harmonic oscillator as its working substance. In the quantum regime, different working medium is considered for the analysis of the engine models to boost the efficiency of the cycles. In this work, we present Otto and Stirling cycle in the quantum realm where the phase space is non-commutative in nature. By using the notion of quantum thermodynamics, we develop the thermodynamic variables in non-commutative phase space. We encounter a catalytic effect (boost) on the efficiency of the engine in non-commutative space (i.e. we encounter that the Stirling cycle reaches near to the efficiency of the ideal cycle) when compared with the commutative space. Moreover, we obtained a notion that the working medium is much more effective for the analysis of the Stirling cycle than that of the Otto cycle.
3

Paul, Raphael, e Karl Heinz Hoffmann. "Optimizing the Piston Paths of Stirling Cycle Cryocoolers". Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 47, n. 2 (9 febbraio 2022): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2021-0073.

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Abstract The ideal Stirling cycle provides a clear control strategy for the piston paths of ideal representations of Stirling cycle machines. For non-equilibrium Stirling cycle machines however, piston paths aiming to emulate the ideal cycle’s four strokes will not necessarily yield best performance. In this contribution, we ask the question: What are the COP-optimal piston paths for specific non-equilibrium Stirling cryocoolers? To this end, we consider a low-effort Stirling cryocooler model that consists of a set of coupled ordinary differential equations and takes several loss phenomena into account. For this model and an exemplary parameter set, piston path optimizations are done with an indirect iterative gradient method based on optimal control theory. The optimizations are repeated for two different kinds of volume constraints for the working spaces: one representing an alpha-Stirling configuration, the other a beta-Stirling configuration. Compared to harmonic piston paths, the optimal piston paths lead to significant improvements in COP of ca. 88 % for the alpha-Stirling and ca. 117 % for the beta-Stirling at the maximum-COP operational frequency. Additionally—and even though the optimizations were performed for maximum COP—cooling power was increased with even lager ratios.
4

Davey, G., e A. H. Orlowska. "Miniature stirling cycle cooler". Cryogenics 27, n. 3 (marzo 1987): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(87)90071-3.

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5

Shaw, John E. "Comparing Carnot, Stirling, Otto, Brayton and Diesel Cycles". Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science 42, n. 2008 (1 gennaio 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30956/0544-540x-42.2008.1.

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Comparing the efficiencies of the Carnot, Stirling, Otto, Brayton and Diesel cycles can be a frustrating experience for the student. The efficiency of Carnot and Stirling cycles depends only on the ratio of the temperature extremes whereas the efficiency of Otto and Brayton cycles depends only on the compression ratio. The efficiency of a Diesel cycle is generally expressed in terms of the temperatures at the four turning points of the cycle or the volumes at these turning points. How does one actually compare the efficiencies of these thermodynamic cycles? To compare the cycles, an expression for the efficiency of the Diesel cycle will be obtained in terms of the compression ratio and the ratio of the temperature extremes of the cycle. It is found that for a fixed temperature ratio that the efficiency increases with compression ratio for the Otto, Brayton and Diesel cycles until their efficiency is the same as that of the corresponding Carnot cycle. This occurs at the point where the heat input to the cycles is zero. For a fixed compression ratio the efficiency increases with temperature ratio for the Carnot and Stirling cycles but decreases for the Diesel cycle. This is an important factor in understanding how a Diesel cycle can be made to be more efficient than an Otto cycle.
6

Morrison, Gale. "Stirling Renewal". Mechanical Engineering 121, n. 05 (1 maggio 1999): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-may-4.

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This article presents an analysis that shows refrigerators and generators that use an alternative thermodynamic cycle are a green engineering hotbed. Developers say that designs based on the Stirling cycle offer significant efficiencies, and Stirling-based refrigeration systems need no fluorocarbons. Stirling engines are being investigated for distributed electric power generation. That's because many see more efficient generation right where the user wants it, as an alternative to building more fossil fuel-burning plants and then constructing miles and miles of grid lines for transmission. According to experts, free-piston Stirling refrigeration has advantages over conventional Rankine refrigeration systems. Free-piston Stirling coolers operate efficiently at all levels of demand because they can modulate their capacity to match any requirement. Compared to actual average home refrigerators, the Global Cooling Stirling system can be expected to improve energy efficiency by more than 70 percent. One of the significant benefits that Stirling cycle engines hold over an internal combustion counterpart is their quieter operation.
7

Červenka, Libor. "Idealization of The Real Stirling Cycle". Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 14, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2016): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2016-0011.

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Abstract The paper presents a potential idealization of the real Stirling cycle. This idealization is performed by modifying the piston movement corresponding to the ideal Stirling cycle. The focus is on the cycle thermodynamics with respect to the indicated efficiency and indicated power. A detailed 1-D simulation model of a Stirling engine is used as a tool for this assessment. The model includes real non-zero volumes of heater, regenerator, cooler and connecting pipe. The model is created in the GT Power commercial simulation software.
8

Lin, Chen, Xian Zhou Wang, Xi Chen e Zhi Guo Zhang. "Improve the Free-Piston Stirling Engine Design with High Order Analysis Method". Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (dicembre 2010): 1991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1991.

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Stirling engine is a heat engine which is enclosed a fixed quantity of permanently gaseous fluid as the working fluid. The free-piston Stirling engine is noted for its high efficiency, quiet operation, long life without maintenance in ten years and the ease with which it can use almost any heat source. Stirling cycle analysis method has been successfully applied to improve the free-piston Stirling engine design by its step-by-step development on order. This study presents the development and application of Stirling cycle analysis method. Discussions about use of multi-dimension CFD software simulating free piston Stirling engine when there’s not any available experimental data for its design will provide. Since it needs less computing resource and time to get 1D simulation results with some accuracy, the application of multi-dimension CFD could be very helpful to improve accuracy of 1D result with the details of the different simplified model parameters used in 1D model. The research demonstrates that with the combination of high order Stirling cycle analysis method, the design of the free-piston Stirling engine with the aid of numerical method could be much more effectively and accurately.
9

ISHIKAWA, Masaaki, Tetsuo HIRATA, Konosuke FUJIMOTO e Manabu YAMADA. "Cogeneration System with Stirling Cycle". Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2002.39 (2002): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2002.39.365.

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ISHIKAWA, Masaaki, Kounosuke FUJIMOTO e Tetsuo HIRATA. "Cogeneration System with Stirling Cycle". Proceedings of the Symposium on Stirlling Cycle 2002.6 (2002): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmessc.2002.6.43.

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Articoli di riviste Tesi Libri

Tesi sul tema "Cycle de Stirling":

1

Ozbay, Sercan. "Thermal Analysis Of Stirling Cycle Regenerators". Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613541/index.pdf.

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Stirling cycle cryocoolers are used widely in military applications. The regenerator is the key element of Stirling cycle cryocoolers. It is known that performance of the regenerator directly affects the cryocooler performance. Therefore, any improvement on the regenerator will lead to a more efficient cryocooler. Thus, it is essential to have an idea about regenerator parameters and their effects on the system. In this study Stirling engine regenerator, which is constructed by wire mesh screens, is accepted as a porous medium. Using energy balance and continuity equation, matrix and fluid thermal equations are derived. Simplified versions of these equations are obtained for not only the ideal case, but also two other cases which take into account the effects of longitudinal conduction and the effects of regenerator wall. A computer code is developed in Matlab to solve these equations using finite difference method. The developed code is validated by using Sage. Afterwards, effects of all regenerator parameters on regenerator performance are investigated in detail and results are presented. To make this investigation easier, a graphical user interface is also built (in Matlab) and used.
2

Wills, James Alexander. "Exergy analysis of a Stirling cycle". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26865.

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In this dissertation the analysis of the Stirling engine is presented, this research topic falls within the category of thermal energy conversion. The research that was conducted is presented in three chapters of which the topics are: the effects of allocation of volume on engine performance, the GPU-3 (Ground Power Unit - developed by GM) Stirling engine analysis, and the optimisation of a 1000 cm³ Stirling engine with finite heat capacity rates at the source and the sink. The Stirling engine has many advantages over other heat engines, as it is extremely quiet, has multi-fuel capabilities and is highly efficient. There is also significant interest in using Stirling engines in low to medium temperature solar thermal applications, and for waste heat recovery. To develop high-performance engines that are also economically viable, advanced mathematical models that accurately predict performance and give insight into the different loss mechanisms are required. This work aims to use and adapt such a model to analyse the effects of different engine parameters and to show how such a model can be used for engine optimisation using the Implicit Filtering algorithm. In the various analyses that are presented, the dynamic second order adiabatic numerical model is used and is coupled to equations that describe the heat and mass transfer in the engine. The analysis shows that the allocation of volume has a significant effect on engine performance. It is shown that in high-temperature difference (HTD) engines, increasing dead-volume ratio increases efficiency and decreases specific work output. In the case of low-temperature difference (LTD) and medium-temperature difference (MTD) engines, there is an optimal dead-volume ratio that gives maximum specific work output. It was also found that there are optimal swept volume ratios and that the allocation of heat exchanger volume has a negligible effect on engine performance - so long as the dead-volume ratio is optimal. The second order model with irreversibilities included was used to perform an exergy analysis of the GPU-3 Stirling engine. This model compared well with experimental results and the results from other models found in the literature. The results of the study show the two different approaches in modelling the engine losses and the effect that the various engine parameters have on the GPU-3 power output and efficiency. The optimisation of the 1000 cm³ Stirling engine was performed using a model with finite heat capacity rates at the source and the sink, fixed number of heater and cooler tubes, and four different regenerator mesh types. The engine geometry was optimised for maximum work output using the implicit filtering algorithm, and the results show the dominant effect that the regenerator has on engine performance and the geometry that gives maximum work output. The critical insights obtained from this research are the importance of the dead-volume ratio in engine analysis, the merits of the novel Second law Stirling engine model, and the importance of regenerator mesh choice and geometry. The Implicit filtering algorithm is also shown to be a suitable choice of optimisation algorithm to use with Stirling engine mathematical models.
3

Liang, Hua. "Viability of stirling-based combined cycle distributed power generation". Ohio : Ohio University, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176484842.

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4

Blaha, Josef. "Stirlingův motor". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228037.

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This dissertation discusses Stirling’s cycle and its contribution using different approaches. There are calculation of Schmidt’s theory and distinctiveness between ideal and real cycle described. Based on my previous research, this work provides a detailed summary of different methods which are used to stimulate Stirling’s cycles as well as the motor as a whole. Attention is particularly dedicated to current utilization of this machine which is not broadly known within general public.
5

Hugh, Mark A. "The effects of regenerator porosity on the performance of a high capacity stirling cycle cryocooler". Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175707790.

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6

Pfeiffer, Jens [Verfasser]. "Unsteady Analytical Model for Appendix Gap Losses in Stirling Cycle Machines / Jens Pfeiffer". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/109781811X/34.

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7

Marin, Andreea. "Optimizarea exergoeconimică a unei centrale solare termice". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100054.

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Dans le contexte économique et énergétique actuel, la mise en œuvre de technologies à l'aide de l'énergie renouvelable comme source de chauffage offre un double avantage: la réduction de la pollution et des coûts de carburant. Il y a un besoin de promouvoir les sources renouvelables d'énergie comme les sources significatives de production d'énergie pour les systèmes décentralisés. Une première étude bibliographique a été fait sur les technologies existantes pour la production d'énergie électrique à partir du solaire. Cette étude consiste dans la recherche d’une nouvelle solution de conversion de l’énergie solaire pour la production d’électricité de faible puissance. L'un des objectifs de cette thèse a été la construction d'un moteur Stirling de type gamma fonctionnant à basse différence de température, adapté à un circuit solaire (capteur plan). Le moteur Stirling a été testé en vue de comparer les résultats expérimentales avec les résultats d’un model Schmidt, fait dans le logiciel, Matlab. Un autre cycle thermodynamique étais étudie dans cette travail, le Cycle Organique Rankine (ORC). Un modèle mathématique a été développé et vérifie dans les logiciels, Thermoptim et EES (Engineering Equation Solver) avec les résultats expérimentaux pour étudier les performances d'installation avec des différentes températures de fonctionnement. La méthode exergétique et la méthode du Pincement sont utilisée pour évaluer les performances du système comme irréversibilité, destruction d’exergie et phénomènes qui se produisent dans toutes les composantes du système ORC pour améliorer son fonctionnement
In the current economic and energy context, implementation of technologies using renewable energy as heat source has two advantages: reducing pollution and fuel costs. There is a need to promote renewable energy sources such as significant sources of power generation for decentralized systems. In the first part, it was made a literature review on existing technologies for the production of electricity with solar energy. One of the objectives of this thesis was to build a Stirling engine gamma type suitable to use solar energy (flat plate collator). The Stirling engine was tested to compare the experimental results with the results of Schmidt model, realized in the software, Matlab. Another thermodynamic cycle was studied in this work, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). A mathematical model was developed and verified in software, Thermoptim and EES (Engineering Equation Solver) with experimental results to study the installation performance function of different operating temperatures. The entire system and each subsystem are analyzed according to the first and the second law of thermodynamics. The exergy method and Pinch analysis are used to evaluate the performance of the system like irreversibility and exergy destruction, phenomenon that occurs in all components of the ORC system. This analysis is to improve the operation
8

Seres, Sandu. "Life cycle assessment of hybrid systems for rural electrification in Bolivia". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299637.

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Bolivia is a developing country in South America. Many rural communities still lack access to electricity. The extension of the National Grid System to all rural communities is not feasible due to economic and topographic challenges as well as the environmental problems that may arise. To tackle these problems, Off-grid solutions are implemented. Photovoltaic (PV) panels combined with batteries are a viable option for areas located close to the equator and high altitudes such as Bolivia. Almost always a controlled source of energy such as Diesel generators must complement the PV system due to the stochastic nature of solar energy. The use of fossil fuel can be detrimental to the environment and more environmentally friendly solutions are being investigated. The use of wood pellets in Stirling engines is a viable replacement for Diesel generators.  The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the environmental impacts caused by two Off-grid hybrid systems. The first one is composed of a Diesel generator, PV panels, and batteries. The second one is composed of a Stirling engine, PV panels, and batteries. The study area chosen for this work is the community El Carmen, Pando, in Bolivia. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model is carried out for the systems according to the 4 phases of the LCA methodology. First, individual LCA models for all midpoint impact categories are generated. Secondly, a comparative LCA between the two systems, both at midpoint and endpoint, is created. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the robustness of the models.  The individual midpoint analysis of both systems showed that the controlled part of the electricity production (i.e., the Diesel generator and the Stirling engine) generated the greatest impact in the categories Global warming, Stratospheric ozone depletion, Ionizing radiation, Ozone formation, Fine particulate matter formation, Terrestrial acidification, Human carcinogenic toxicity, Land use, Fossil fuel scarcity, and Water consumption. All the processes related to the PV panels generated a greater impact in all Ecotoxicity categories (terrestrial, marine, and freshwater), Eutrophication (freshwater and marine), and Human non-carcinogenic toxicity.  The midpoint results of the comparative LCA are inconclusive. Each system received higher scores in certain categories and lower scores in others. No firm conclusion could be drawn regarding the identification of the more environmentally friendly alternative. The Diesel/PV/Batteries system dominated the Global warming, Tropospheric ozone formation, Fine particulate matter formation, Terrestrial acidification, and Fossil resource scarcity categories. The Stirling/PV/Batteries system showed a greater impact on Stratospheric ozone depletion, Ecotoxicity, Eutrophication, Human carcinogenic toxicity, Human non- carcinogenic toxicity, and Mineral resource scarcity.  The endpoint damage assessment showed that the emissions and midpoint categories described had a greater impact on Human health and Resource scarcity in the case of the Diesel/PV/Batteries system. On the other hand, the Stirling/PV/Batteries system caused greater damage to the Ecosystem category.  The sensitivity analysis was conducted in two scenarios for each system. In the first scenario, alteration of fuel transport distance, no significant changes were detected in all endpoint categories. In the second scenario, alteration of Diesel/Stirling Contribution, the model showed an increasing trend (~30% for the first system and ~25% for the second one) in all categories when the contribution of the controlled part of the electricity production was increased.
Bolivia är ett utvecklingsland i Sydamerika där många landsbygdssamhällen fortfarande saknar tillgång till elektricitet. En anslutning till det nationella kraftsystemet är inte genomförbar på grund av de ekonomiska och topografiska svårigheterna samt miljöproblemen som kan uppstå. För att ta itu med problemet måste decentraliserade lösningar hittas. Solcellspaneler i kombination med batterier utgör ett möjligt alternativ för avlägsna områden som befinner sig nära ekvatorn och vid höga höjder. Ett sådant system behöver dock ytterligare en kontrollerad energikälla för att tillgodose efterfrågan på grund av den ojämna tillgången på solenergi. Det vanligaste alternativet är dieselgeneratorer. Men förbränning av fossila bränslen påverkar klimatet och mer miljövänliga lösningar undersöks. Stirlingmotorer som använder träpellets skulle kunna ersätta dieselgeneratorn i kampen för en bättre miljö.  Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och jämföra miljöpåverkan av två hybridsystem. Det ena systemet består av en dieselgenerator, PV-paneler och batterier medan det andra systemet består av en Stirlingmotor, PV-paneler och batterier. Det utvalda studieområdet är samhället El Carmen, Pando, i Bolivia. En livscykelanalys (LCA) utförs för de två systemen enligt LCA-metodiken. Först, utförs individuella LCA för vardera system för alla påverkanskategorier vid midpoint. Sedan utförs en jämförande LCA mellan de två systemen för alla påverkanskategorier både vid midpoint och endpoint. Slutligen, utförs en känslighetsanalys för att testa systemens robusthet.  Den individuella analysen vid midpoint för båda systemen påvisade att den kontrollerade delen av elproduktion, det vill säga dieselgeneratorn och Stirlingmotorn, genererade den största miljöpåverkan i kategorierna Global uppvärmning, Uttunning av ozonskiktet, Joniserande strålning, Bildning av marknära ozon, Bildning av partiklar, Försurning, Cancerframkallande humantoxicitet, Landanvändning, Brist på fossila resurser och Vattenförbrukning. Alla processerna kopplade till PV-elproduktionen genererade en större miljöpåverkan i kategorierna Ecotoxicitet (mark, söt- och havsvatten), Övergödning (såväl söt- som havsvatten) och Icke cancerframkallande humantoxicitet.  Resultaten vid midpoint för den jämförande LCA är inte övertygande. Vardera system fick högre poäng i vissa kategorier men lägre poäng i andra. Ingen tydlig slutsats kunde dras angående identifieringen av det mer miljövänliga alternativet. Diesel/PV/Batteri-systemet dominerar kategorierna Global uppvärmning, Bildning av marknära ozon, Bildning av partiklar, Försurning och Brist på fossila bränslen medan Stirling/PV/Batteri-systemet påvisade större miljöpåverkan i kategorierna Uttunning av ozonskiktet, Ekotoxicitet, Övergödning, Cancerframkallande humantoxicitet och Brist på mineraltillgångar.  Skadebedömningen vid endpoint påvisade att de redovisade utsläppen och midpoint- katergorierna har en större påverkan på människors hälsa och resursbrist i Diesel/PV/Batteris fall. Däremot påvisade det Stirling/PV/Batteri-systemet en större påverkan på ekosystemet.  Känslighetsanalysen utfördes i två scenarier. I det första scenariot ändrades avståndet för bränsletransport. Ingen signifikant skillnad påvisades i någon av de tre endpoint- kategorierna. I det andra scenariot, Diesel/Stirling insats, påvisades en ökande trend (~30% för första systemet och ~25% för det andra) i alla endpoint-kategorier med ökandet av insatsen från den kontrollade delen av elproduktion.
9

Diallo, Alpha Dassimou. "Contribution à la conception et à la réalisation d'une micro-machine thermique à cycle de Stirling". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD035.

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En France, on estime que plus de 27 TWh de chaleur à une température comprise entre 100 et 200°C sont perdus chaque année. La récupération de cette chaleur perdue est donc un enjeu important pour réduire la consommation globale d'énergie. La récupération de la chaleur peut se faire à l'aide de machines de Stirling, qui sont des machines thermodynamiques réversibles convertissant la chaleur en mouvement mécanique - lequel pourrait ensuite être converti en électricité - à partir de deux sources de température suffisamment différentes. La récupération de la chaleur produite par les systèmes électroniques pourrait être faite avec une machine de Stirling miniaturisée capable de produire de l'électricité à partir de n'importe quelle source de chaleur. Une telle micro-machine peut aussi fonctionner en mode "réfrigérateur" (transport de la chaleur d'une source chaude vers une source froide grâce à un travail mécanique) et pourrait être utilisée pour refroidir des composants électroniques. Le rendement énergétique des machines Stirling peut atteindre 38% (avec une source chaude à 200°C) et leur entretien est réputé être minimal. Cependant, aucune machine Stirling n'a encore été démontrée avec un volume inférieur à un centimètre cube. En 2015, une architecture de micromachine Stirling triphasée pouvant être miniaturisée grâce aux technologies MEMS a été proposée et testée avec succès en macro-volume (avec une taille d'une vingtaine de centimètres). Le présent travail de thèse a été consacré à la miniaturisation de ce nouveau concept de micromachine Stirling pour la récupération de chaleur entre 50 et 200°C, en utilisant les technologies MEMS. Cette approche permettrait la production simultanée de grandes quantités de micro-machines et donc la création éventuelle de réseaux de micromachines à faible coût par watt d'électricité produite. Les micromachines sont constituées d'un empilement de tranches de silicium et de verre. Leurs défis de conception ont été étudiés en détail et leur puissance mécanique de sortie attendue a été estimée. Les procédés de fabrication nécessaires ont été développés et la caractérisation de chaque élément a été effectuée avant l'assemblage. Elles comportent notamment des membranes hybrides de 5 mm de diamètre et de 200 microns d'épaisseur qui jouent le rôle des pistons en micro-volumes et sont des éléments clés de la micro-machine. Ces membranes sont constituées de pièces en silicium (spirales et disques) noyées dans une membrane souple en élastomère de silicone dont les propriétés mécaniques ont donc été étudiées en détail. Des simulations numériques du comportement mécanique et dynamique de ces membranes hybrides ont été présentées. L'accord entre les simulations numériques et les caractérisations a été considéré comme très satisfaisant. Ces membranes se sont révélées très robustes et le déplacement de leur centre peut atteindre 1 à 2 mm sans dommage. Leurs fréquences de résonance vont de 850 Hz à 2800 Hz et il a été montré qu'elles peuvent fonctionner à 200°C sans vieillissement. De plus, l'optimisation d'un procédé d'assemblage par thermocompression d'or (Au) a permis d’obtenir des contraintes de rupture en traction d'environ 20 à 30 MPa, parmi les meilleures rapportées dans la littérature. Des prototypes de micromachines triphasées de 20x20x8mm ont été assemblés, mais leur fonctionnement en mode moteur n'a pas pu être observé, même pour une différence de température de 100 °C. Cependant, en insérant des aimants pour provoquer le déplacement des membranes par excitation électromagnétique, il a été possible d'observer un effet de refroidissement encourageant. Grâce aux travaux réalisés, les principaux éléments de base sont maintenant disponibles et devraient permettre des optimisations ultérieures dans des conditions beaucoup plus favorables
In France, it is estimated that more than 27 TWh of heat at a temperature between 100 and 200°C is lost each year. The recovery of this lost heat is therefore an important issue in reducing overall energy consumption. Heat recovery can be done using Stirling machines, which are reversible thermodynamic machines that convert heat into mechanical motion, which could then be converted into electricity from two sufficiently different temperature sources. The recovery of the heat produced by electronic systems could be done with a miniaturized Stirling machine capable of producing electricity from any heat source. Such a micro-machine can also operate in "refrigerator" mode (transporting heat from a hot source to a cold source through mechanical work) and could be used to cool electronic components. The energy efficiency of Stirling machines can reach 38% (with a hot source at 200°C) and their maintenance is considered minimal. However, no Stirling machine has yet been demonstrated with a volume of less than one cubic centimeter. In 2015, a three-phase Stirling micromachine architecture that can be miniaturized using MEMS technologies has been proposed and successfully tested in macro-volume (with a size of about twenty centimeters). The present thesis work was devoted to the miniaturization of this new Stirling micromachine concept for heat recovery between 50 and 200°C, using MEMS technologies. This approach would allow the simultaneous fabrication of large quantities of micro-machines and thus the possible creation of micromachine networks at low cost per watt of electricity produced. The studied micromachines are made up of a stack of silicon and glass wafers. Their design challenges have been studied in detail and their expected mechanical output power has been estimated. The necessary manufacturing processes were developed and the characterization of each element was carried out prior to assembly. In particular, they include hybrid membranes 5 mm in diameter and 200 microns thick that act as micro-volume pistons and are key elements of the machine. These membranes are made up of silicon parts (spirals and discs) embedded in a flexible silicone elastomer membrane whose mechanical properties have therefore been studied in detail. Numerical simulations of the mechanical and dynamic behavior of these hybrid membranes were presented. The agreement between the numerical simulations and the characterizations was considered to be very satisfactory. These membranes proved to be very robust and the displacement of their center can reach 1 to 2 mm without damage. Their resonance frequencies range from 850 Hz to 2800 Hz and it was shown that they can operate at 200°C without aging. In addition, the optimization of a gold thermocompression assembly process has resulted in tensile breaking stresses of about 20-30 MPa, among the best reported in the literature. Prototype of 20x20x8mm three-phase micromachines were assembled, but their operation in motor mode could not be observed, even for a temperature difference of 100°C. However, when magnets were inserted to induce the displacement of the membranes by electromagnetic excitation, it was possible to observe an encouraging cooling effect. As a result of the work carried out, the main basic elements are now available and should allow further optimization under much more favorable conditions
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Cruz, Vinicius Guimarães da. "Desenvolvimento experimental de um motor stirling tipo gama". Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5341.

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The current paper develops an experimental Stirling engine Gama type. Different settings of this type of engine are presented (alpha, beta and gamma), along with the Stirling Cycle Definition and the mathematical modeling for each setting. It´s been Proceed a mathematical analysis based on the Stirling Theory, which is the method based upon the isothermical compression and expansion of an ideal gas, put to analysis by a computer software, determining the dependency between the engine s construction and functioning parameters. Bibliography used takes over the main Stirling engine settings and various working conditions, fed by a numerous types of fuels. The experimental part of the paper is assembling of a Stirling engine gamma type containing no regenerator, therefore, having the air as its working fluid, using electrical resistances as heat source, also a water jet at ambiance temperature to cool down the compression and heat exchanger. Engine tests were performed at atmospheric pressure, temperatures from 100 to 600 °C, 100 to 400 rpm rotations. The results are presented in graphics and are questioned.
O presente trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento experimental de um motor Stirling tipo gama. São apresentadas inicialmente as diferentes configurações deste tipo de motor (alfa, gama e beta), a definição do ciclo de Stirling e a modelagem matemática para cada configuração. Uma análise matemática é feita através da teoria de Schmidt, que é um método baseado na compressão e expansão isotérmica de um gás ideal, implementada em programa computacional permitindo determinar a dependência entre os parâmetros construtivos e de funcionamento do motor. A revisão bibliográfica contempla as principais configurações de motores Stirling e várias condições de funcionamento, alimentados por diversos tipos de combustíveis. A parte experimental do trabalho é a montagem de um protótipo de motor Stirling tipo gama sem regenerador tendo o ar como fluido de trabalho, utilizando resistências elétricas como fonte de calor e um fluxo de água a temperatura ambiente para o resfriamento do trocador de calor de compressão. Os testes do motor serão realizados a pressão atmosférica, para temperaturas de 100 a 600 °C e rotações de 100 a 400 rpm, os resultados são apresentados em gráficos e discutidos.
Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Cycle de Stirling":

1

Organ, Allan J. Stirling Cycle Engines. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118818428.

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Hall, C. Multidimensional computer simulation of Stirling cycle engines. Pittsburgh, PA: Institute for Computational Mathematics and Applications, Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, 1992.

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3

Tew, Roy C. Progress of Stirling cycle analysis and loss mechanism characterization. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Gingery, David J. Build a two cylinder Stirling cycle engine. [Springfield, MO: D.J. Gingery, 1990.

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Hughes, William O. Vibration testing of an operating Stirling convertor. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2000.

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K, Shaltens Richard, United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Vehicle and Engine Research and Development. e Lewis Research Center, a cura di. Automotive Stirling summary and overview. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administation, Lewis Research Center, 1985.

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7

Organ, Allan J. Thermodynamics and gas dynamics of the Stirling cycle machine. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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8

Organ, Allan J. Thermodynamics and gas dynamics of the stirling cycle machine. Birmingham: University ofBirmingham, 1994.

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9

United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Vehicle and Engine Research and Development. e Lewis Research Center, a cura di. Stirling engine supporting research and technology. [Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1985.

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10

V, Lorenz Gary, e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. RE-1000 free-piston Stirling engine sensitivity test results. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cycle de Stirling":

1

Narayankhedkar, K. G. "Exergy Analysis of Stirling Cycle Cryogenerator". In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1863–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9047-4_235.

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Colgate, Stirling A., e Albert G. Petschek. "Regenerator Optimization for Stirling Cycle Refrigeration". In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1351–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_166.

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Colgate, S. A. "Regenerator Optimization for Stirling Cycle Refrigeration, II". In Cryocoolers 8, 247–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9888-3_25.

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Cook, E. L., J. Hackett, James R. Drummond, G. S. Mand e L. Burriesci. "MOPITT Stirling Cycle Cooler Vibration Performance Results". In Cryocoolers 9, 711–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5869-9_82.

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Mand, G. S., J. R. Drummond, D. Henry e J. Hackett. "MOPITT On-Orbit Stirling Cycle Cooler Performance". In Cryocoolers 11, 759–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47112-4_92.

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Clappier, Robert R., e Robert J. Kline-Schoder. "Precision Temperature Control of Stirling-Cycle Cryocoolers". In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1177–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_144.

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Sun, Z. F., e C. G. Carrington. "Oscillating Flow Modelling of a Stirling Cycle Cryocooler". In A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication, 1543–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0373-2_194.

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Bradshaw, T. W., J. Delderfield, S. T. Werrett e G. Davey. "Performance of the Oxford Miniature Stirling Cycle Refrigerator". In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 801–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_90.

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Collins, S. A., A. H. Flotow e J. D. Paduano. "Adaptive Vibration Cancellation for Split-Cycle Stirling Cryocoolers". In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 1375–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_169.

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Mon, G. R., G. T. Smedley, D. L. Johnson e R. G. Ross. "Vibration Characteristics of Stirling Cycle Cryocoolers for Space Application". In Cryocoolers 8, 197–208. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9888-3_20.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Cycle de Stirling":

1

Penswick, L. Barry. "Small Stirling Cycle Convertors". In SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INT.FORUM-STAIF 2005: Conf.Thermophys in Micrograv;Conf Comm/Civil Next Gen.Space Transp; 22nd Symp Space Nucl.Powr Propuls.;Conf.Human/Robotic Techn.Nat'l Vision Space Expl.; 3rd Symp Space Colon.; 2nd Symp.New Frontiers. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1867154.

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"Two stage Stirling cycle cryogenic cooler". In Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-4181.

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Smith, Joseph L., John H. Lienhard, Alexander K. Tziranis e Yung Ho. "M.I.T. Stirling-Cycle Heat Transfer Apparatus". In 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (1992). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/929465.

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Pande, G. V., e H. Narayanamurthy. "Computer Analysis of Stirling Cycle Cryocooler". In International Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951720.

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Vaccarella, Annino, Robert Sharp, Robert Boz, Michael Ellis, Andrew Bish, David Adams, David Chandler et al. "Stirling cycle cryocooler exported vibration analysis". In Adaptive Optics Systems VI, a cura di Dirk Schmidt, Laura Schreiber e Laird M. Close. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2313024.

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Carlqvist, Stig G., e Roy Kamo. "Combined Cycle Diesel-Stirling Heat Engine". In 1985 SAE International Off-Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/851521.

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Welty, Stephen. "Hybrid Stirling/Otto Cycle for CCHP". In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49048.

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Abstract (sommario):
The use of a novel thermodynamic cycle combined with a high efficiency expander and compressor provides a unique product opportunity for residential, commercial and industrial Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) applications. The cycle can be described as a combination between a Stirling Cycle and an Otto Cycle with isothermal compression followed by constant volume heat addition then by isentropic expansion with the final process being heat addition or heat reject in either a constant volume or constant pressure process. The cycle can be run in an open cycle or a closed cycle with the closed cycle providing a more compact device for a given capacity while the open cycle provides an opportunity to get rid of one of the heat exchangers and cool or heat the air directly.
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Clappier, Robert R., e Robert J. Kline-Schoder. "Precision temperature control of Stirling-cycle cryocoolers". In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, a cura di James B. Heaney e Lawrence G. Burriesci. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.178598.

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Kobayashi, Y., M. Matsuo, N. Isshiki e W. Ishida. "Elastic heat exchanger in Stirling cycle machines". In ENERGY 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus070081.

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Cullen, Barry, e Jim McGovern. "Proposed Otto Cycle/Stirling Cycle Hybrid Engine Based Power Generation System". In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60039.

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The generation of electrical and thermal power is a matter of critical importance to the modern world. Considerable quantities of both power types are required in all sectors of society; industrial, domestic and leisure, with the future prosperity of both developed and developing societies being dependant on generation of both a sufficient quantity and quality of power. Central to this discussion on the international front is the topic of fossil fuel usage. Despite considerable advances in renewable energy conversion technologies, the human race remains dependant on fossil fuels as a primary energy source. With increasing demand for these finite resources giving rise to strained international relations and economic uncertainty, emphasis has fallen on optimization of usage patterns. The area of power plant efficiency is essential to this optimization. This paper proposes a method for increasing the efficiency of an Otto cycle engine based plant as is typically used in CHP and other Distributed Generation scenarios. The method proposed is to utilise a Stirling cycle engine as a heat recovery device on the exhaust stream of the Otto engine. Thermal energy that may otherwise be lost would thereby be recovered and used to generate additional electrical power. In this manner energy is effectively diverted from the exhaust flow of the engine and converted to mechanical work by way of the Stirling cycle engine. It is postulated that this combined cycle will yield higher plant efficiency than the Otto engine alone. This paper introduces work completed to date and an experimental plan for the project. The project was initiated at undergraduate level as a feasibility study for application of the hybrid engine in automotive circumstances. The study suggested that the combination of the engines in the proposed manner was indeed feasible, with significant power gains possible. However, it proved unlikely that automotive application was the best use of the system unless certain constraints were addressed. Therefore, it was decided to pursue the concept in terms of a stationary generation system. The advantages of the stationary system over the automotive system are addressed briefly, with the constraints of the automotive scenario analysed and their relevance to the stationary generation situation examined. The central areas under investigation are detailed, including thermodynamic theory pertaining to the Otto cycle and Stirling cycle engines, and the combined cycles. Possible limiting factors to the design are discussed also.

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Cycle de Stirling":

1

Bloomfield, H. S. A reliability and mass perspective of SP-100 Stirling cycle lunar-base powerplant designs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5289985.

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