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Vinnakota, Tirumala Rao, Faisal L. Kadri, Simon Grant, Ludmila Malinova, Peter Davd Tuddenham e Santiago Garcia. "Multiple perspectives on the terms “cyberneticist” versus “cybernetician”". Kybernetes 43, n. 9/10 (3 novembre 2014): 1425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2014-0146.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate and clarify possible distinctions between the terms “cyberneticist” and “cybernetician” with the intention of helping the growth of the cybernetics discipline in new directions. Design/methodology/approach – After the American Society for Cybernetics ALU 2013 conference in Bolton, a small group of conference participants continued the conversations they had begun during the event, focusing on the comparison of the terms “cyberneticist” vs “cybernetician”. The group felt the need for clearer distinctions drawn (or designed) between the terms, in order to sustain the discipline of cybernetics and to support its growth. The aim of providing these distinctions is that theory should feed into practice and practice should feed into theory, forming a cybernetic loop, so that the discipline of cybernetics is sustained while growing. The conference participants had conversations between themselves, and came up with multiple perspectives on the distinction between “cyberneticist” vs “cybernetician”. The distinctions drawn mirror the distinctions between Science and Design: the science of cybernetics contrasted with the design of cybernetics. Findings – The findings of this paper consist of recommendations to understand and act differently in the field of the discipline of cybernetics. In particular, a clear distinction is suggested between the terms “cyberneticist” and “cybernetician”. It is also suggested that in order for cybernetics to grow and be sustained, there should be a constant flow of developments in theory of cybernetics into the practice of cybernetics and vice-versa. Originality/value – The authors believe that some people (called “cyberneticists”) should work on the science side of cybernetics, making strong contributions to the understanding and development of cybernetics theory. Others, (called “cyberneticians”) should work on the design side of cybernetics, to contribute through their actions and through the development of cybernetics practice. The result of this will be a self-organization that evolves naturally between theory and practice of cybernetics, leading to better learning of cybernetics, and in the process, sustaining it through continued growth. In this direction, the paper proposes several radical suggestions that may not be to the liking of traditionalists, but may be better received by the scientists and designers of cybernetics who can make a difference to the growth of the discipline of cybernetics.
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Pao, Lea. "Ways of Cybernetic Thinking". New Literary History 54, n. 2 (marzo 2023): 1271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2023.a907173.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract: Cataloging cybernetic thinking shows how the space between what one might think of as "pure" cybernetic application and the study of cybernetics offers a useful path toward understanding how literary studies can engage with cybernetics as a philosophical and intellectual model. This vertical approach folds metadiscourses into more direct engagements with cybernetic ideas and problems and resists the drive for a conceptually and technically unified theory of cybernetic thinking in favor of a multidimensional approach to literary cybernetics. This essay outlines four ways of thinking that have shaped work in literary studies and cybernetics: 1) the analysis of the historical field of cybernetics, 2) transhistorical approaches to cybernetics, 3) the study of cybernetic concepts, methods, and vocabulary, and 4) a focus on epistemologies of failure.
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Kline, Ronald. "How disunity matters to the history of cybernetics in the human sciences in the United States, 1940–80". History of the Human Sciences 33, n. 1 (febbraio 2020): 12–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119872111.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rather than assume a unitary cybernetics, I ask how its disunity mattered to the history of the human sciences in the United States from about 1940 to 1980. I compare the work of four prominent social scientists – Herbert Simon, George Miller, Karl Deutsch, and Talcott Parsons – who created cybernetic models in psychology, economics, political science, and sociology with the work of anthropologist Gregory Bateson, and relate their interpretations of cybernetics to those of such well-known cyberneticians as Norbert Wiener, Warren McCulloch, W. Ross Ashby, and Heinz von Foerster. I argue that viewing cybernetics through the lens of disunity – asking what was at stake in choosing a specific cybernetic model – shows the complexity of the relationship between first-order cybernetics and the postwar human sciences, and helps us rethink the history of second-order cybernetics.
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Lawler, K., A. O. Moscardini, T. Vlasova e D. Mubarak. "ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, n. 208 (2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2020/208-1/3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper begins with a consideration of the work of Leijonhufvud, who, in the 1960’s, introduced what he termed “cybernetics” to correct many of the perceived weaknesses in macroeconomic theory. The authors use current advances in systems thinking to develop their own definition of Cybernetics and provide an example to illustrate how this definition of cybernetics can produce meaningful economic questions. The paper concludes with a synthesis of economic and cybernetic ideas which is termed “Economic Cybernetics”. This term is common in the former Soviet countries but is unfamiliar to western audiences.
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Vidal Rúa, Cristian Alejandre. "La cibernética jurídica y los contratos cibernéticos". Internaciones, n. 25 (30 giugno 2023): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/in.vi25.7258.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
El teletrabajo ha sido una herramienta fundamental en los últimos años, el derecho intenta cubrir todas las necesidades y una herramienta funda-mental han sido los contratos por Internet y más específico los contratos de adhesión, donde dentro de ellos no existen términos ni contraofertas, son meras adhesiones a las plataformas virtuales. Si bien legalmente ha existido un gran debate entre los alcances sociales que las plataformas pueden tener tanto para los trabajadores como los usuarios, una de las herramientas con-temporáneas que los legisladores usan es la cibernética jurídica, que pretende dar concepto y guía a todas estas nuevas tecnologías que surgen con el advenimiento de las TIC.
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Medici, Piero. "Autonomous Houses and Architecture of Cybernetics in the 1970s: Towards Limits and Undeveloped Potentials of the Sustainable". Sustainability 14, n. 10 (17 maggio 2022): 6073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106073.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1969, English researcher Gordon Pask published an article named “The Architectural Relevance of Cybernetics”, defining a theoretical framework concerning a cybernetic theory of architecture. Throughout the 1970s, the Cambridge Research Group designed the Autonomous House, a self-sufficient dwelling in terms of energy and food. Part of the Cambridge group approach relates to cybernetics. However, the group did not regard several aspects of cybernetics described in the theoretical framework of Pask. Through a literature review primarily focused on 1970s architectural magazines, this paper analyses which cybernetic aspects were not regarded in the Cambridge Autonomous House and other similar houses as case studies. Through an innovative analytical method, it demonstrates that some limitations of the house design, such as the main focus on costs and technologies, could have been reduced if aspects of cybernetics had been more incorporated. Using cybernetics as a lens represents a method which can be beneficial also in analysing today’s examples of sustainable and autonomous architecture.
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Drott, Eric. "Music and the Cybernetic Mundane". Resonance 2, n. 4 (2021): 578–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/res.2021.2.4.578.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Few intellectual movements have been as influential as cybernetics was in the 1950s and ’60s. Fewer still have seen their stock fall so precipitously in the years since. Despite the growing body of literature that has reassessed this postwar “cybernetics moment” (Hayles, Kline, Pickering, Medina, et al.), its far-reaching impact remains curiously underappreciated, especially as regards music. This article seeks to redress this neglect, by focusing not on works and practices that spectacularize cybernetics (the “cybernetic sublime”), but instead on those activities, discourses, and projects that so thoroughly internalized and normalized the cybernetic ethos that it eludes notice (the “cybernetic mundane”). A first case study considers the little-known role played by information theory and cybernetics in the design of the RCA Synthesizer, one of the first instruments of its ilk to be developed. Among other things, I contend that cybernetic thinking pervaded the instrument’s conception to such an extent that it paradoxically contributed to the subsequent erasure of its influence from accounts of the instrument’s development and subsequent implementation as part of the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center. The second case concerns more recent applications of cybernetic ideals to digital music distribution, exemplified by the platform Spotify, whose routinization of these ideals has ensured not just their persistence, but their persistent misrecognition.
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Jeon, Won. "Second-Order Recursions of First-Order Cybernetics: An “Experimental Epistemology”". Open Philosophy 5, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2022-0207.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This article examines central tensions in cybernetics, defined as the study of self-organization, communication, automated feedback in organisms, and other distributed informational networks, from its wartime beginnings to its contemporary adaptations. By examining aspects of both first- and second-order cybernetics, the article introduces an epistemological standpoint that highlights the tension between its definition as a theory of recursion and a theory of control, prediction, and actionability. I begin by examining the historical outcomes of the Macy Conferences (1946–1954) to provide a context for cybernetics’ initial development for scientific epistemology, ethics, and socio-political thought. I draw extensively from Norbert Wiener, Heinz von Foerster, Ross Ashby, and Gregory Bateson, key figures of this movement. I then elaborate upon certain premises of cybernetics (Ashby’s coupling mechanism, Bateson’s notion of the myth of power) to further elucidate an intellectual history from which to begin to construct a cybernetic epistemology. I conclude by offering the second-order cybernetic concept of recursivity as a model and method for ethico-epistemological questioning that can account for both the constructive potential and the limitations of cybernetics in science and society.
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Доценко, Серій Ілліч. "УРОКИ КРИЗИ КЛАСИЧНОЇ КІБЕРНЕТИКИ. ПРИЧИНИ ТА СУТНІСТЬ". RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, n. 4 (20 dicembre 2018): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2018.4.01.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is performed an analysis of the causes and consequences of the crisis of classical cybernetics, created by N. Wiener and W. R. Anby. N. Viener has shown that the basis of the crisis is the exclusion from the consideration of the process of forming the goal of activity for physiological and cybernetic systems. However, the study of the crisis of classical cybernetics is conducted from the historical point of view. N. Wiener's opinion on the role of the goal of the cybernetic system in management processes is not taken into account. The main focus is on the study of information management and transfer processes. The main direction of the development of classical cybernetics is determined by the further development of computer science, as well as new cybernetics. In the study of the crisis of classical cybernetics, an analysis of its initial hypotheses is not conducted in the formation of the principles of organisation and self-organization. Therefore, in the article the formation of the content of these concepts was made and on their basis an attempt was made to form initial hypotheses of the organization of physiological and cybernetic systems in their "existence", as well as self-organization in their "activities". It is shown that for the principle of organization and for the principle of self-organization in classical cybernetics, there is no unambiguous content. It is also shown that the crisis of classical cybernetics is due to the crisis of the methodology of the general theory of systems. The main lesson of the crisis of classical cybernetics is that the very purpose of the activity, the mechanism of formation of which was derived outside the cybernetic system, proved to be a fundamental factor both for the formation of the principle of organization of the system in its existence and for the formulation of the principle of its self-organization in its activities. Therefore, classical cybernetics should go to the research of information-open systems. To know the mechanism of the formation of the purpose of the activity, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of the formation of heuristics in the model of the natural neural network by analogy with the problem of self-organization on the basis of heuristics for the model of the Rosenblatt perceptron, which was considered by A. G. Ivakhnenko. To know the mechanism of the change of the sign of feedback it is necessary to study the architecture of the functional system in accordance with the theory of functional systems of Academician P. K. Anokhin
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Dixon, Steve. "Cybernetic Sparks and Philosophical Feedback Loops". Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 19, n. 8 (dicembre 2021): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54808/jsci.19.08.39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Gregory Bateson observed that cybernetics is not essentially about "exchanging information across lines of discipline, but in discovering patterns common to many disciplines" (Bateson, 1971, p. 23). This paper adopts his line of thought to join the dots between cybernetics and the philosophy of Existentialism, and then interconnect both with contemporary art. It demonstrates that while terminologies may differ, many of the three fields' primary concerns closely cohere. The world's most ground-breaking artists are found to apply and fuse cybernetic paradigms and Existentialist themes, from Robert Rauschenberg and Marina Abramović to Damien Hirst, Stelarc and Anish Kapoor. The research offers the first detailed comparison between cybernetics and Existentialism, and reveals surprising commonalities. Feedback loops, circular causality and negative entropy are not only central tenets of cybernetics, but also of Existentialism. Autonomy, autopoiesis and interactivity equally unite both fields, and each is visionary and forward looking in seeking radical change and transformations. Both explored artistic endeavours, with Existentialists Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus equally renowned for their powerful novels and plays as their philosophical works, while cybernetic art became a major phenomenon in the 1960s following the landmark exhibition Cybernetic Serendipity: the Computer in the Arts (1968), and influenced artistic practices thereafter.
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Dixon, Steve. "Discovering Patterns across Disciplines: Cybernetics, Existentialism and Contemporary Arts". Journal of Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics 19, n. 9 (dicembre 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54808/jsci.19.09.18.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Gregory Bateson observed that cybernetics is not essentially about "exchanging information across lines of discipline, but in discovering patterns common to many disciplines". This paper adopts his line of thought to join the dots between cybernetics and the philosophy of Existentialism, and then interconnect both with contemporary art. It demonstrates that while terminologies may differ, many of the three fields' primary concerns closely cohere. The world's most ground-breaking artists are found to apply and fuse cybernetic paradigms and Existentialist themes, from Robert Rauschenberg and Marina Abramović to Damien Hirst, Stelarc and Anish Kapoor. The research offers the first detailed comparison between cybernetics and Existentialism, and reveals surprising commonalities. Feedback loops, circular causality and negative entropy are not only central tenets of cybernetics, but also of Existentialism. Autonomy, autopoiesis and interactivity equally unite both fields, and each is visionary and forward looking in seeking radical change and transformations. Both explored artistic endeavours, with Existentialists Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus equally renowned for their powerful novels and plays as their philosophical works, while cybernetic art became a major phenomenon in the 1960s following the landmark exhibition <em>Cybernetic Serendipity: the Computer in the Arts</em> (1968), and influenced artistic practices thereafter.
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Lepskiy, Vladimir. "Evolution of cybernetics: philosophical and methodological analysis". Kybernetes 47, n. 2 (5 febbraio 2018): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-03-2017-0120.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The aim of this paper is to elaborate the connection between the evolution of cybernetics and the development of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical, post-non-classical) and to emphasize the relevance of the formation of post-non-classical cybernetics for self-developing reflexive-active environment (the third-order cybernetics). Design/methodology/approach This paper includes interdisciplinary analysis of the evolution of cybernetics and possible directions of its development. Findings A connection between the types of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical) and the stages of the development cybernetics is presented. Classical rationality is first-order cybernetics dealing with observed systems (an external observer). Non-classical rationality is second-order cybernetics dealing with observing systems (built-in observer). Post-non-classical rationality is third-order cybernetics dealing with the self-developing reflexive-active environment (distributed observer). Research limitations/implications This is an initial theoretical conceptualization, which needs a broader assessment and case studies. Practical implications This proposed direction for the analysis of cybernetics opens new approaches to social control on the basis of the subject-focused models and integration of traditional cybernetic tools. Social implications Third-order cybernetics will promote the development of civil society. Direct democracy receives new tools for development. Originality/value The value of this research is in the interdisciplinary analysis of the cybernetics evolution and in new possible directions for its development.
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Lee, JeongHyun. "Algorithmic Uses of Cybernetic Memory: Google Photos and a Genealogy of Algorithmically Generated “Memory”". Social Media + Society 6, n. 4 (ottobre 2020): 205630512097896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120978968.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When algorithmic media are becoming more independent in their ability to select, organize, and create what and how we remember daily life, this article examines the genealogical pre-condition of algorithmically generated “memory” through a case study of Google Photos. I argue that the algorithmic conceptualization of memory is rooted in the history of cybernetics, which is a contrast to the socially constructed memory. I first investigate older phenomenological questions around “memory” in the science of cybernetics and then examine a genealogy of cybernetic memory. Finally, I illustrate how cybernetic memory is animated in Google Photos. This article historically examines what “memory” is understood to be in algorithmic media and how the science of cybernetics has integrated our current understanding of memory into algorithmic memory practices—the socio-technical imaginary of the past.
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Loktionov, Mikhail V. "A Modern Look at Self-referential Systems. Cybernetics of the Second-Order". Voprosy Filosofii, n. 8 (2022): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2022-8-206-210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Considering the current state of system theory, the theory of self-organization and autopoiesis, we come to the conclusion that, first of all, we must identify what would determine the essence of cybernetics for us. Among the reasons why it is difficult to reveal the essence of cybernetics is the presence of numerous directions of this system theory, which are mutually overlapping. Despite the fact that due to this breadth the active development of cybernetics is ensured, it also causes the lack of certainty. Such a lack of certainty in some cases is perceived as inconsistency. The analysis mentioned in this article is not focused on streamlining the categories, concepts related to cybernetics. It seems necessary only to present the key features inherent in the cybernetic approach. Nor can we bypass what is usually called cybernetics 2.0, second-order cybernetics, or cybernetics of self-referential or self-observing systems. The emergence of second-order cybernetics is associated with the interpretation of the system and its environment in relation to an infinite sequence of discrimination processes carried out by the observer. The observation of events that occur in the field of observation is referred to as first-order observation. In the case of second-order observation, the observer does not see what he does not see. This observation is an observation of an observation. In the works of Heinz von Förster, we see that as a response to the negative assessment by humanists of the main object of cybernetic research – the machine – he distinguishes two types of machines: machines that are trivial, and machines that are not among them, that is, non-trivial. And it is the study of non-trivial machines that constitutes the content of self-referential cybernetics.
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Farkhari, Fateme. "Uncertainty and Cybernetics". Review of European Studies 8, n. 3 (4 agosto 2016): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n3p269.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<p>Cybernetics is an interdisciplinary science that explores the way of control and relation in machines and animals. The relation is the largest and most key element in cybernetic systems without which monitoring and feedback will be meaningless. Information is the key element of relation. Thus, addressing the concept of information, information flow, and its influencing factors are the most important issues in cybernetics. This study aims to investigate the lack and deficiency in the information or the uncertainty from the perspective of cybernetics. It should be noted that risk increases positive entropy, system instability, leads it towards the maximum chaos and destruction. To avoid it, it needs to use the negative entropy or adding information to the network.</p>
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Kozlov, Mikhail. "Transition trends towards socio-economic cybernetics". Вестник Пермского университета. Математика. Механика. Информатика, n. 1(52) (2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1993-0550-2021-1-61-69.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article examines modern socio-economic relations from the standpoint of the cybernetic approach. When analyzing the problem, we used works on the general theory of systems founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, the concept of the philosopher, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vyacheslav Stepin on post-nonclassical rationality, work on synergetics and predicting the behavior of complex systems, the work of a psychologist, Professor Vladimir Lepsky and his colleagues on control systems. and the formation of third-order cybernetics on the basis of selfdeveloping active environments, and the work on Decision-making theory, Political Science, Sociology and Behavioral Economics was also taken into account. It is proposed to consider socioeconomic cybernetics as the development of social cybernetics and third order cybernetics.
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Buys, Pieter. "Integrated Management Cybernetics as a Foundation for Organizational Resilience". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia 66, n. 3 (5 dicembre 2021): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2021.3.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The 4th Industrial Revolution introduced a highly automated and connected business environment. Nevertheless, many organizations are reeling in the wake of the speed and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic's impact, catching many unawares, and placing their sustainability in question. Given the connectedness promulgated by the 4th Industrial Revolution, one might expect organizational resilience to be a given - only time will tell whether this was the case. This article considers the concept of cybernetics as contributing to systems-thinking, which may enable resilience strategies to come to fruition. Cybernetics is a goal-driven approach in which constant feedback is analyzed and applied in correcting the current course. We reflect on the roots and principles of the cybernetic concept, developing it into a management cybernetics concept. We take a non-technological approach in acknowledging organizations as systems. Management theories such as stakeholder and stewardship theories are systems components that can play a crucial role in effectively communicating management information within the cybernetic loop. We conclude that an integrative and cooperative relationship with legitimate stakeholders can play an essential role in an organization's preparedness. Key terms: Business performance; management cybernetics; organizational sustainability; organizational resilience, turbulent events
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Mayer, R. V. "Some aspects of the development of information-cybernetic thinking in pedagogical university students when studying the basics of cybernetics". Informatics and education 37, n. 3 (22 agosto 2022): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32517/0234-0453-2022-37-3-65-73.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The rapid development of various information-cybernetic systems and their introduction into all spheres of human life and activity necessitate a deeper study of the foundations of informatics and cybernetics in schools and pedagogical universities. Conducting an analysis of the features of the formation of information-cybernetic thinking of students of pedagogical universities and the development of training tasks that contribute to a deeper mastery of the basic provisions of cybernetics are key aspects for the teacher. At the same time, the method of analyzing educational and scientific-methodical literature, methods of programming and computer modeling, as well as mathematical methods are used. The main types of educational tasks that contribute to the development of informationcybernetic thinking of students are selected: 1) explanation of the principles of cybernetics and their justification on the example of specific technical systems; 2) explanation of the general principles of functioning of various types of information-cybernetic systems; 3) explanation of the operation of specific automatic control systems (ACS) and their individual components; 4) the invention of “new” control systems with desired properties; 5) creation of technical control systems and experimental study of their work; 6) creation of computer models of control systems and transmission links. Solutions of educational problems involving computer modeling of automatic control systems and various transmission links in the Pascal ABC environment are discussed. The proposed elements of the methodology can be used in any university when teaching students the basics of cybernetics.
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Lafontaine, Céline. "The Cybernetic Matrix of `French Theory'". Theory, Culture & Society 24, n. 5 (settembre 2007): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276407084637.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article aims to draw a portrait of the influence of cybernetics on soft science. To this end, structuralism, post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy will be successively analyzed in a perspective based on importing concepts stemming from the cybernetic paradigm (information, feedback, entropy, complexity, etc.). By focusing more specifically on the American postwar context, we intend to remind the audience that many soft science specialists were involved in the elaboration of this ‘new science’. We will then retrace the influence of the cybernetic paradigm on structuralism. Starting with the historic meeting between Roman Jakobson and Claude Lévi-Strauss, we will illustrate that structural phonology is directly inspired by discoveries stemming from the informational model. In the same perspective, the conceptual borrowings of psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan from cybernetics will be identified and analyzed. Then, we will address the matter of the relationship between postmodern theories and the cybernetic paradigm. The philosophical movement towards deconstruction, as well as Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy, will be analyzed based on how they relate to this paradigm. We will also insist on the fact that the philosophy of Jean- François Lyotard’s La Condition postmoderne is fully in line with the epistemological revolution launched by cybernetics.
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Izaguirre, José G. "Reckoning with Tlatelolco: Arturo Rosenblueth and a Cybernetic Rhetoric". Rhetoric and Public Affairs 25, n. 2 (1 giugno 2022): 57–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/rhetpublaffa.25.2.0057.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This essay examines the cybernetic rhetoric of Dr. Arturo Rosenblueth, a cybernetician and prominent Mexican intellectual. Published in a journal reaffirming Mexico's political image in the aftermath of the Tlatelolco Massacre in 1968, his essay offered a counter to one of the government's rationales for the violence enacted against the movimiento estudiantil at Tlatelolco—the influence of el extranjero. Rosenblueth's essay evinced a mediating path between complete disavowal of Mexico's statist tendencies and support for the Mexican state in post-Tlatelolco Mexico. Yet, in invoking cybernetics as a rhetoric for public intervention in this moment of crisis, I argue that Rosenblueth's use of cybernetics both empowered his proposals calling for an adjustment to perceptions of el extranjero and supported the survival of a strong Mexican state enacting violence against it. I conclude from my reading of Rosenblueth's essay that the political possibilities of cybernetic rhetoric lie not only on the cybernetician's ideological commitments or political context(s) but by a plasticity constitutive of cybernetics.
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Sow, Amadou Korbinian. "On Reaching a Crime Scene Ahead of the Criminal: Dreams of Police and Technology from the 1970s to Today". German Law Journal 23, n. 4 (maggio 2022): 597–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2022.40.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article examines the history of technological policing in Germany from the 1970s to today. Combining perspectives from intellectual history and legal theory, it explores the ideas and practices of Horst Herold, former President of the German Federal Criminal Police Agency. Herold’s thought was both deeply influenced by cybernetics, a form of techno-utopian thought developed during World War II as well as the basis on which technological policing was first put to the test in Germany. The article illustrates Herold’s hopes for a cybernetic transformation of police, law, and society. It locates Herold’s cybernetic legal theory within a broader context of shifting legal paradigms of German public law towards the so-called preventive state in the 1970s and 80s. Crucially, an anti-legal affect is revealed to lie at the center of Herold’s ideas. His concept of cybernetics ultimately serves to supplant the rule of law. In the concluding part, the article assesses Herold’s legacy and attempts to both critique it and point towards a productive way forward by invoking modern, second-order order cybernetics. The article argues—perhaps counterintuitively—that Herold’s ultimate failure was not adapting cybernetics but rather not staying with it all the way, supplanting its weaknesses, and drawing on its strengths.
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Herr, Christiane M. "Cybernetic exchanges in online events: Seven types of conversation in the ASC2020 Global Conversation". Technoetic Arts 19, n. 1-2 (1 giugno 2021): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00048_1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As the first large online event of the American Society for Cybernetics, the ASC2020 Global Conversation offered an opportunity to develop new online types of cybernetic conversations on cybernetics, in cybernetic formats. This article discusses the design decisions that led to a particular organizational structure of the event, and observations on how the event unfolded from this organizational structure. Based on observations made throughout the event as well as its preparation stage, the article maps seven different types of conversations taking place before and during the event and discusses opportunities and constraints encountered in relation to each identified type. As online conferences have proliferated exponentially due to the impact of COVID-19, this article aims to contribute a cybernetic perspective to the broader discourse on scholarly international exchange in online media, and offers a new perspective on how such conversations might be designed in a cybernetic manner.
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Leeds, Adam E. "Dreams in Cybernetic Fugue". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 46, n. 5 (1 novembre 2016): 633–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2016.46.5.633.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article positions the vogue for cybernetics as a key driver of the transformation of the institutional structures and epistemic order of Soviet technoscience that occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. Inseparable from the rapid growth of Soviet military science, Soviet cybernetics was both the result and medium of surprising recombinations of different forms of scientific and engineering expertise to create novel military technologies. Military computing was the point of entry for cybernetics, while its focal tasks—the bomb, rocketry, and radar—in turn shaped cybernetic understandings. The rapid growth and cyberneticization of these new areas of militarily driven science caused a tectonic transformation of the Stalinist articulation of science, technology, and politics. A crucial moment of these latter shifts, the article further suggests, was the transformation of Soviet economics into a properly mathematical economics. In a series of analogical transfers, mathematicians and engineers derived a radical vision of cybernetic communism from their specific military engineering tasks. Their encounter with reformist economics, mediated by computational utopias, enabled the transfer of advanced mathematical techniques, metaphors, and personnel from military science to the social sciences. This complex process constituted Soviet mathematical economics. Soviet cybernetics’ challenge to the Stalinist order of knowledge and its attendant institutional reconfigurations thus opened up a critical space for political reflection for the Cold War era “scientific-technical intelligentsia” at the heart of the party-state.
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Fischer, Thomas. "Narratives of exploration: from “Failure is not an Option” to “Try again. Fail again. Fail better.”". Kybernetes 49, n. 8 (20 maggio 2020): 2091–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2019-0502.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose To trace a shift in attitudes towards control since the mid-twentieth century, as reflected in a shift in rhetoric that accompanied the extension from first- to second-order cybernetics. Design/methodology/approach Narratives of exploration that have emerged from NASA’s lunar programme and recent design cybernetics are juxtaposed to show a transition away from the legitimisation of goal-oriented decision-making and control towards advocacy of partial control avoidance and accommodation of the unanticipated. Findings Contemporary cybernetic theory recognises the importance of both the partial presence and the partial absence of control in creative epistemic practice. It is thus unsurprising that, according to historical records, NASA’s journey to the moon was enabled not only by the assurance of control but also by lapses of control. However, NASA’s rhetorical posture during the race to the moon focused on predictable control and goal orientation, differing notably from the recent design-cybernetic openness towards uncertainty, error, and serendipity. This difference is encapsulated by the “Failure is not an option” dictum that was associated with NASA’s lunar programme and the “Try Again. Fail Again. Fail Better” equivalent associated with design cybernetics. Recognition of the more recent cybernetic perspective is impeded by its continuing omission from narratives of earlier cybernetic accomplishments. Research limitations/implications To the extent that narratives examined in this paper refer to exceptional initiatives and spontaneous events, the repeatability and generalisability of the presented argument are limited. Originality/value The paper highlights changing cybernetic narratives of creative invention by examining how spontaneous changes in variety were reported to have been addressed in NASA’s lunar programme, and how recent cybernetic design theory suggests they should be addressed.
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Waterson, Patrick, Chris Baber, David Golightly, Peter Hancock, Thierry Morineau, Stephen J. Guastello, Travis J. Wiltshire, Waldemar Karwowski e Colin G. Drury. "The Cybernetic Return in Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE)". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, n. 1 (novembre 2019): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631328.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The last few years have seen resurgence in interest within human factors/ergonomics (HFE) in cybernetics. HFE has a long association with cybernetics (e.g., the influence of signal detection and control theory on studies of vigilance, visual search and human-machine systems). The panel will discuss more recent applications of cybernetics and focus on the ‘messy complexity’ and dynamic properties of 21st Century systems and a variety of issues associated with the ‘cybernetic return’ in HFE, which include: the use of communication theory to probe deeper into how specific state of minds are formed, in this case deception and recent examples of ‘fake news’ (Hancock); the integration of artificial intelligence and systems and cognitive agents (Karwowski); the control of degrees of freedom in loosely coupled work systems (e.g., emergency care – Morineau); and team dynamics, performance and coordination in complex sociotechnical systems (Guastello, Wiltshire). The panel concludes with some reflections on the past, present and future of cybernetics within HFE (Drury).
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Slater, Avery. ""Hermenautics": Toward a Disinformation Theory". New Literary History 54, n. 2 (marzo 2023): 1257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.2023.a907171.
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Abstract: This essay tracks cybernetic approaches to the task of hermeneutics. From the first paradigm of cybernetics through its development within contemporary lines of research, the question of information processing evokes problems of interpretation shared by humans and machines. The article discusses Friedrich Kittler's notion of "hermenautics" in the context of disinformation and contemporary politics. This argument draws out connections between scientist Heinz Von Foerster's writings on the ethics of second-order cybernetics and Hannah Arendt's reporting on the trial of Adolf Eichmann. Regimes of disinformation, working to blunt the task of interpretation, are only intensified by the information age. The study of cybernetics can prepare us for the task of adapting hermeneutics to an age of digital dissemination, reading (with) machines.
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Sweeting, Ben. "From Experimental Epistemology to Experimental Architecture". Architectural Design 94, n. 2 (marzo 2024): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.3032.
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AbstractA life‐long beacon for Lebbeus Woods was his understanding of the ideas of second‐order cybernetics and attempts to assimilate them into his architectural projects. An introduction to this discourse was provided in Urbana‐Champaign in the early 1960s by his most important intellectual mentor, cyberneticist Heinz von Foerster. Poised at the intersection of architecture and cybernetics, Ben Sweeting charts some of the lines of their interactions and friendship.
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Jackson, Michael C. "Bogdanov, Pragmatism, and the Future of Systems Thinking and Cybernetics". Voprosy Filosofii, n. 10 (2022): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2022-10-204-207.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper considers general system theory, cybernetics, and other systems approaches and argues that later systems thinking and cybernetics (systems/cybernetics) can be seen as a part of the same tradition of thought. There is a prima facie case, therefore, the philosophy of Bogdanov and the Pragmatists can bring unity to the systems movement. Further, it can equip systems thinkers to participate more fully in the major intellectual debates of today. The paper shows the resonance of Bogdanov’s ideas with the basic philosophical foundations for the formation and development of systems thinking and cybernetics. Wiener, usually seen as representative of first-order cybernetics, reaffirmed the importance of Bogdanov’s concept of the biregulator. In terms of second-order cybernetics, there is a similarity between Bogdanov’s thinking and “constructivism”. Bogdanov’s work is also associated with the concepts of autopoiesis and self-organization. Lepskiy’s proposed paradigm of third-order cybernetics, with its emphasis on social values in a self-developing environment, is in tune with the writings of Bogdanov and Dewey. Bogdanov, in his Tectology aimed to demonstrate how the most complicated organizational questions faced by humankind could be answered. The paper concludes that the self-conscious embrace of that philosophical tradition, together with its own methodologies and models, can help of the cybernetic movement turn the vague aspirations into the reality of a better future on Earth.
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Larsen, Torben. "Economics as a common interdisciplinary platform–a cybernetic approach". Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry 15, n. 1 (13 febbraio 2024): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jpcpy.2024.15.00760.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cybernetics is the study of communication and control processes in biological, mechanical, and electronic systems and as such more relevant to the study of human behavior than simple paradigms, for instance Bounded Rationality (BR). Cybernetic Economics has like other cybernetic systems three levels: Economics aims to maximize the utility of goods and services Relevant Feedback is QALY-effects, for instance: 1) Eco effects, 2) Human relations and 3) Personal income System Management: Ad 1: A carbon neutral economy by a global CO2-emission Tariff (ET) Ad 2: Operation of the Big5 by Neuroeconomic Model (NeM) Ad 1-2: Informal bottom-up support of tripartite management (3P) Ad 3a: Market-based economic growth Ad 3b: Equalization of the market-based income by Universal Basic Income (UBI) Conclusion: A test course indicates that Cybernetic Economics can be disseminated to laymen. The major dissemination challenge is to give specialized researchers an introduction course in Cybernetics. Dissemination of Cybernetic Economics should have top-priority, because it's critical to better democratic guidance of Mankind towards the best possible QALY
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Espejo, Raul, e Vladimir Lepskiy. "Ontological Cybernetics as an Integrator of Organizational Systems in Hybrid Reality Environments". Voprosy Filosofii, n. 10 (2022): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2022-10-213-217.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Our purpose in this paper is to clarify ontological approaches to the development of cybernetics based on epistemological and methodological propositions grounded in the concepts of scientific classical, non-classical, post-non-classical rationality – as proposed by V.S. Stepin (2005). We need to increase our understanding of the subject-oriented approach to the analysis of cybernetic interactions: “subject – object” in first-order cybernetics, “subject – subject” in second-order cybernetics and “subject – metasubject” in the cybernetics of self-developing reflexive-active environments, third-order cybernetics. The ideas of three orders of cybernetics, first, second and third have the potential of integrating a strong ontological approach to the social sciences. For this integration we propose Beer’s Viable System Model (VSM), Espejo’s Viplan Methodology and Lepskiy’s self-developing reflexive-active environments. This ontological cybernetics corresponds to the development of the philosophical and methodological foundations of cybernetics and systems towards subject-oriented approaches, grounded on Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety. We expect them to contribute to achieving adequate responses to the challenges of the 21st century at all structural levels. They should be focused on adequate performance to achieve desirable outcomes for sustainability and viability on the grounds of socio-humanitarian innovative criteria, using today’s digital technologies, converging with the increasingly powerful ontologies of artificial intelligence. We are offering ontologies for organizing hybrid reality environments. Our aim through this paper is creating new ontologies adequate to the effective use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence to improve the control and communication mechanisms of social systems.
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Lee, Taek-Gwang. "French Theory and Cybernetics". Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 29, n. 1 (29 febbraio 2024): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2024.29.1.149.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper aims to identify the relationship between cybernetics and the post-war French philosophies or theories known and embraced as structuralism, poststructuralism, and postmodernism. Recent research has shown that cybernetics was closely associated with Lévi-Strauss’s structuralism, which was the cool of the new French theory, and that poststructuralism or postmodernism was a response to the technologies of control represented by cybernetics. From this perspective, the misconceptions and prejudices surrounding French theory must be confronted with an understanding of the historical context that gave rise to the phenomenon of postmodernism. This paper looks at French theory as an intellectual movement that emerged out of the reflection on cybernetic technologies in the post-war period centred on the Maginot Line and revisits its theoretical context through the keyword cybernetics. This new examination will allow us to rewrite the genealogy of French theories that emerged after 1950 as a response to cybernetics, whether postmodernism is interpreted as a cultural logic of late capitalism, as an extension of modernism, or as a new epistemology inevitably resulting from the decline of modernity. From this perspective, this paper argues that French theory and its effect, postmodernism, should not be buried in the annals of history as relics of a bygone era but should be recognized as a historical legacy shaping our present reality and should be re-examined.
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Chiolerio, Alessandro. "Liquid Cybernetic Systems: The Fourth‐Order Cybernetics". Advanced Intelligent Systems 2, n. 12 (20 ottobre 2020): 2000120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000120.
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Malapi-Nelson, Alcibiades. "Classical Cybernetics and Transhumanism: A Reply to Richmond’s Review of The Nature of the Machine and the Collapse of Cybernetics". Philosophy of the Social Sciences 49, n. 1 (26 novembre 2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393118811308.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sheldon Richmond has written an insightful and exhaustive review of my book The Nature of the Machine and the Collapse of Cybernetics: A Transhumanist Lesson for Emerging Technologies (Palgrave Macmillan 2017). Richmond voices concerns regarding some suggestions I made about the future of humanity vis-à-vis a contemporary cybernetic reinstantiation in the form of Emerging Technologies. He suggests that future cybernetically rooted sciences (and the transhumanist technologies that come along with them) can pose peril for the human condition. This reply is intended to clarify certain points that Richmond brings up, by means of (a) responding to his suggestion that cybernetics and transhumanism could be independently understood, and (b) unveiling a metaphysical and ethical stance, shared by Richmond, critical to the observations I made regarding a “cybernetically organized mankind” made possible by Emerging Technologies. I identify Richmond’s position as (a) precautionary in nature, (b) for reasons perhaps more ethical than epistemological, somewhat out of sync with the cybernetic ethos.
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Yolles, Maurice. "Sustainability development: part 1 - from the cybernetic of cybernetics to the cybernetics of development". International Journal of Markets and Business Systems 3, n. 3 (2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmabs.2018.093309.
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Yolles, Maurice. "Sustainability development: part 1 - from the cybernetic of cybernetics to the cybernetics of development". International Journal of Markets and Business Systems 3, n. 3 (2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmabs.2018.10014428.
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Kanygina, O. V., e G. Ya Grevtsevа. "CYBERNETIC APPROACH TO FORMING ECONOMIC LITERACY OF STUDENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL SPECIALTIES". Современная высшая школа инновационный аспект, n. 3 (2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7442/2071-9620-2020-12-3-139-146.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the modern global world, based on market relations and high consumer activity, the most important task is to form the economic literacy of an individual, which allows each person to freely navigate the economic sphere. In the market economy conditions financial and economic literacy have special importance. The concepts of "economic literacy", "cybernetics" are clarified, the importance of the cybernetic approach in the formation of economic literacy of students of architectural specialties is noted. The principles of the integrative approach and cybernetics are highlighted in relation to didactic systems. The effective methods and techniques for the formation of economic literacy of students of architectural specialties are determined.
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Haliniak, Marek. "Filozoficzne aspekty modelowania cybernetycznego w metodologii działań politycznych w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju". Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 1, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2003): 367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2003.1.1.23.
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The article deals with the experience and results of attempts aimed at using cybernetic system methods for modeling the policy of sustainable development. The analysis is made from the ecophilosophical perspective. The cybernetics is presented as the sub-philosophical, general, and inter-disciplinary science with a high level of influence on the process of policy-making and policy-makers. However, the barriers of philosophy and cybernetics in that respect are strictly connected with the limits of philosophy. The question concerns the problem of transferring the ideas into practice by the method of cybernetic modeling. Whereas the conceptual model should reflect the objective reality it should be based on some general, politically accepted ideas. This necessity is obvious because of the link between the basic axioms of a given model with the general results generated by it. The author analyses the possibility of appliance the Sage-Michnowski model as the instrument for planning the sustainable development policy as the interrelated social, economic, and ecological system.
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Tilak, Shantanu, Michael Glassman, Irina Kuznetcova e G. Logan Pelfrey. "Applications of cybernetics to psychological theory: Historical and conceptual explorations". Theory & Psychology 32, n. 2 (28 ottobre 2021): 298–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09593543211053804.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article outlines links between cybernetics and psychology through the black box metaphor using a tripartite narrative. The first part explores first-order cybernetic approaches to opening the black box. These developments run parallel to the decline of radical behaviorism and advancements in information processing theory and neuropsychology. We then describe how cybernetics migrates towards a second-order approach (expanding and questioning features of first-order inquiry), understanding applications of rule-based tools to sociocultural phenomena and dynamic mental models, inspiring radical constructivism, and also accepting social constructivism. Psychology, however, enters the cognitive revolution, adhering to the computer metaphor of first-order cyberneticians to streamline human consciousness. The article concludes by outlining how second-order cybernetic approaches emerging in the 1990s may provide cues to psychologists to adopt mixed methods, and bioecological models in the information age, uniting understandings of observable human activity, inner perceptions, and physiological processes across contexts to understand consciousness.
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Dixon, Steve. "Cybernetic-Existentialism in Performance Art". Leonardo 52, n. 3 (giugno 2019): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01544.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A theory of Cybernetic-Existentialism is proposed to offer a new critical perspective on technological performance art. Case studies of Wafaa Bilal, Stelarc and Steve Mann are used to demonstrate how core ideas and themes from both cybernetics and existentialism are increasingly converging in contemporary arts.
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Letiche, Hugo. "Researcher reflexivity: what it is and what it can be". Kybernetes 46, n. 9 (2 ottobre 2017): 1555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-09-2016-0239.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Second-order cybernetics is explored here as a learning intervention strategy. Researcher reflexivity, both the student’s and the professor’s, that is asserted is crucial to achieving a liberatory learning experience. But as Lacan has revealed, the “symbolic” (written, represented and studied) has a complex relationship to the “real”, which needs the “imaginary” to be active and creative. The aim of this paper is to investigate the complexity of these relationships and their import for reflexive learning, as it is grounded in second-order cybernetics. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper, comparing second-order cybernetics to current insights into researcher reflexivity, especially as grounded in Lacan and as it has been translated into an intervention strategy by Zizek and applied by the author. Supervision of MBA theses is examined as an exemplar. Findings A theory of researcher reflexivity is outlined with practical potential, which was demonstrated at the ASC 2016 conference. Research limitations/implications Exemplary learning is demonstrated and guidelines of practical significance are indicated, but these are not here further empirically researched. Practical implications The complexity of the “imaginary–symbolic–real” model and its value for reflexive learning is investigated. The application value of the model to learning and second-order cybernetics is developed. Social/implications A reflexive intervention is demonstrated in how one sees student/professor supervision and interaction. Originality/value Building on Glanville, it is shown that multiple reflexivities are needed to be put into play for second-order cybernetics to productively inform university practice. A difference of differences is needed to complexify feedback processes for cybernetic interventions to (best) succeed. The import of current theoretical debates from Lacan and Zizek to cybernetics is indicated.
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Romero, Aldemaro. "Hypogean Communities as Cybernetic Systems: Implications for the Evolution of Cave Biotas". Diversity 12, n. 11 (29 ottobre 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12110413.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ramón Margalef proposed in 1968 that ecosystems could be better understood if they were viewed as cybernetic systems. I tested this hypothesis in the case of hypogean ecosystems using available pieces of evidence. I looked on how information on feedbacks, stability, succession, organization, diversity, and energy flows in the hypogean environment fit the cybernetics hypothesis. The results were that there are convincing arguments that the application of the concept of cybernetics in biospeleology can be beneficial to broadening our understanding of cave biota in terms of their structure. I also make the case that this approach can provide more clarity about how cave biota has evolved through time and the implications for their conservation.
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Epuré, Sherban. "An Artist's Journey in Art and Science: From behind the Iron Curtain to Present-Day America". Leonardo 39, n. 5 (ottobre 2006): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2006.39.5.402.
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The artist traces his work from its beginnings behind the Iron Curtain in 1967, when cybernetics became the driving force of his creative process, to the present day. Given the scarcity of information and the absence of access to Western experimental work in Romania, this step was the unlikely result of a purely personal train of thought. He went on to lecture and write extensively to promote cybernetics and explain his approach to art, which was highly unconventional in the context of the times. Two directions emerged and remain the focus of his work today: the S-Band, an interactive art machine, and the Meta-Phorm, a behavioral geometry articulated by cybernetic mechanisms.
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Persianov, V., e A. Kurbatova. "Problematic issues of using the toolkit of economic cybernetics". Upravlenie 7, n. 3 (21 ottobre 2019): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2019-3-94-102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Arange of issues, related to the use of cybernetics in economic research, technological development and educational programs for training specialists of management, has been considered. A large contribution of this science to the space exploration, designing counting machines, etc., – has been noticed. At the same time, focusing on management in systems, it did not pay enough attention to many important functions and specifics of socio-economic processes. Cybernetics tried to change some traditional ideas about the possibilities and methods of goal-setting in management of economic processes in the centrally planned Soviet economy, but these attempts were ineffective. More so, cybernetics was unable to affect the spiritual and moral sphere of human life and society, the content and development of such sciences as philosophy, sociology, political economy, etc.It has been shown, that the tendency to revise the fundamental provisions of the Humanities can lead and often leads to false conclusions, believing, that the qualitative differences between the system objects are insignificant. Agreeing, that setting limits to the possibilities of computer modeling in advance is impossible, it must be recognized, that the machines created by cybernetics, remain only an objectification – a “truncated” (incomplete) form of any kind of human activity, including management (purposing, selection of criteria, decision-making, etc.).The goal setting requires at least a normal human intelligence. At the same time, “individual survival” is not the main universal task: in natural selection, the survival of the species is often achieved by the death of a significant part of specimens.The article pays considerable attention to the cybernetic approach to the study of socio-economic processes. It is noted, that the thesis about cybernetically expedient functioning of any social systems (this point of view is shared by some specialists in cybernetics) contradicts common sense. Capitalism would have to be seen as a planned system, alien to the anarchy of production, and in fact as a system, which solves pre-set tasks corresponding to the interests of society. Therefore, according to the authors, the concept of self-governing system in the cybernetic sense is not applicable to a society with a market economy.
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Reynolds, Martin. "Triple-loop learning and conversing with reality". Kybernetes 43, n. 9/10 (3 novembre 2014): 1381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2014-0158.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – Three levels of learning developed by Gregory Bateson in the tradition of second-order cybernetics have in-part been translated in terms of double-loop and triple-loop learning (TLL), particularly in the tradition of systems thinking. Learning III and TLL have gained less popularity since they deal with less tangible issues regarding virtues of wisdom and justice, respectively. The purpose of this paper is to provide a learning device – the systems thinking in practice (STiP) heuristic – which helps to retrieve the cybernetic concern for wisdom in association with an often forgotten systems concern for real-world power relations. Design/methodology/approach – Using “conversation” as a metaphor the heuristic is introduced based on three orders of conversation. Drawing on ideas of systemic triangulation, another heuristic device – the systemic triangulator – is used to surface issues of power in the three orders of conversation. Some manifestations in using the STiP heuristic for supporting postgraduate systems learning are demonstrated. Findings – Some key complementarities between conventionally opaque cybernetic issues of wisdom and systems issues of power are revealed, and used proactively to explore more effective coaching of STiP. Research limitations/implications – Cybernetics and systems thinking may benefit from being grounded more in understanding, engaging with, and transforming social realities. The heuristics provide practical experiential and meaningful learning through conversation, and more social premium for the study of cybernetics and systems thinking. Originality/value – The heuristics – STiP, and the systemic triangulator – provides an innovative cyber-systemic space for learning and action.
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Yolles, Maurice. "Metacybernetics: Towards a General Theory of Higher Order Cybernetics". Systems 9, n. 2 (11 maggio 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9020034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Metacybernetics refers to the higher cybernetic orders that arise in living system agencies. Agencies are complex, and for them to be viable and hence survive, they require both stability and uncertainty reduction. Metacybernetics is defined through a metasystem hierarchy, and is mostly known through 1st and 2nd order cybernetics. In this exploratory paper the purpose is to create a framework that can underpin metacybernetics and explain the relationship between different cybernetic orders. The framework is built on agency theory which has both substructural and superstructural dimensions. Substructure has an interest in stability, is concerned with the generation of higher cybernetic orders, and is serviced by horizontal recursion. Superstructure is concerned with uncertainty reduction by uncovering hidden material or regulatory relationships, and is serviced by vertical recursion. Philosophical aspects to the framework are discussed, making distinction between global rationality through critical realism, and local rationality that relates to different cybernetic orders that correspond to bounding paradigms like positivism and constructivism.
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Inkol, Cecilia. "TOWARDS A METHODOLOGY FOR INTERPRETING VISUAL IMAGES AS CYBERNETIC SYSTEM: LACAN AND DELEUZE". Culture Crossroads 22 (13 settembre 2023): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol22.437.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This exposition endeavors to outline a theoretical framework for a methodology to interpret visual images that draws on cybernetics, semiotics, psychoanalysis and philosophical ideas. Using images, aesthetics and artistic practices as a means of generating new understanding requires translating, deciphering and interpreting those artistic products and/or processes. How can one decipher the system of visual language that underlies artistic productions? I suggest that cybernetics is requisite for such an endeavor. Cybernetic theory is the science of relations within a system, taking as its problematic the relation between a system and its productions or output; in some instances, it studies how the productions of a system influence the system itself. This exposition endeavors to articulate aesthetics or artistic works in terms of a visual language and as a cybernetic enterprise in the context of art-based research by drawing on the ideas of Lacan and Deleuze. For Lacan, aesthetics exists as a primary mode of discourse for the articulations of the unconscious, as evidenced in images in dreams, art and fantasy. Lacan is renowned for his dictum that the unconscious and its productions are structured like a language, but the kind of structure of meaning at work in the unconscious is less related to the structural grammar of a natural language than the syntax of mathematics and cybernetics. Drawing on Lacanian dream analysis, I evince how such an approach could be applied to aesthetic phenomena. Deleuze presents a semiotic theory, a theory of signs which evinces the generation of novel meaning in the unconscious; it can be said to be cybernetic in the way that it exists in a state of continual evolution, the output produced by the system engendering transformation in the system itself. Deleuze offers a framework for how the work of art or aesthetic phenomenon can be translated into new knowledge through the process of entrainment with signs.
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Zahedi, Mehboob, e Abhishek Das. "Cybernetics: A Transformative Platform in Achieving G20 SDS". MET Management Review 10, n. 02 (2023): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34047/mmr.2020.10205.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This century has faced many modern problems i.e. how to fulfil the quality food, how to secure the data, how to increase the food productivity, how to reduce the labor cost, how to improve technological enhancement with less interference etc. Thus we need some technology which can be operated by self or give solution by itself. These may be considered as some kind of Autonomous technology for Sustainable Development Sectors (SDSs). Following this path, a model has been proposed which is based on mathematical approach, theoretical system like controlling some devices, named as Cybernetics. It is used in many different fields like: military, aerospace, robotics, medical, vehicles etc. Cybernetic is able to adapt the human control over the device such that it can consummate good feedback by getting robustness and good performance of the system. There are several modern applications available in the current times but Cybernetics will still carry forward for the next decade. This paper is about the control and necessity of cybernetics that how it gives us the electronic facilities in an efficient way. It is also used for detecting, scanning and analyzing the system as well. The essence of the Cybernetics approach is to understand the functions and processes of systems capable of receiving storing and processing information and then using it for its own control.
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Baron, Philip. "Overcoming obstacles in learning cybernetic psychology". Kybernetes 43, n. 9/10 (3 novembre 2014): 1301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2014-0150.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – When reviewing the prospectus of mainstream universities that offer psychology majors, one would be hard-pressed to find any cybernetic approaches included in their course material. This is an unfortunate observation as most psychological problems arise in a relational context. Reasons for this status quo are presented. The purpose of this paper is to reduce obstacles for prospective learners in cybernetic psychology, with the hope that cybernetic psychology may be assimilated and seen as an equal footing paradigm in mainstream psychology teachings. Design/methodology/approach – A popular cybernetics web site is often used by students who are learning cybernetic psychology. Using the responses from students who frequent the online resource, solutions are presented based on the questions that students have asked the author of the site. Findings – Students are taught different therapy paradigms in terms of models; the psychodynamic model, the medical model, the person-centred model; the systems model and so forth. Their position to the model is external and they can critically evaluate the different models and apply each model in an interpretation and analysis of various psychology case studies. Cybernetic psychology becomes problematic when that line of thinking is used. Practical implications – Cybernetic psychology stands as an ethical choice for therapy. Reducing the boundaries for cybernetic therapies to be assimilated in the mainstream context, especially if offered by universities as an equal footing paradigm, which would be in keeping with the WHO's call for responsible ethical therapy interventions. Originality/value – There is limited information on how to perform cybernetic psychology. This is understandable owing to the nature of cybernetics; however, reliable and stable approaches should still be available for students who are new to this epistemology. There needs to be an entering point into this way of thinking so that cybernetic psychology remains accessible to newcomers.
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Salupere, Silvi. "The Cybernetic Layer of Juri Lotman’s Metalanguage". Recherches sémiotiques 35, n. 1 (20 agosto 2018): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050987ar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most accounts of Juri Lotman’s legacy note his interest in information theory and cybernetics which is closely tied to his desire to use exact methods in the humanities. However, this connection itself has hardly been studied. This article focuses on a pair of terms with cybernetic origins found throughout Lotman’s works : “mechanism” and “ustrojstvo”. I try to show that these terms and the way they are used are not accidental but belong to an important strand in Lotman’s thought. An overview is presented of Lotman’s direct contacts with cybernetics and cyberneticians, and how the terms “ustrojstvo” and “mechanism” found their way into his metalanguage. The main focus is on exploring how Lotman understands this pair of terms. Translation problems related to them are also discussed.
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Chen, Shuqi. "Artificial Intelligence in Democracy: Unraveling the Influence of Social Bots in Brexit through Cybernetics". Transactions on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 6 (22 marzo 2024): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/kvkf1r94.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper delves into the implications of AI on the democratic process, particularly concerning the manipulation of information flows via cybernetic mechanisms. Through the lens of cybernetics, AI orchestrates information dissemination on web platforms, notably through Social Bots, autonomous programs simulating human behavior to sway public discourse. This study examines how AI's manipulation of information, exemplified by the case of Social Bots in the 2016 UK Brexit referendum, influences democratic participation and election outcomes. Amidst a regulatory landscape characterized by lax oversight, understanding the intricate interplay between AI, cybernetics, and democratic processes is imperative for addressing ethical concerns and safeguarding democratic integrity. This paper underscores the urgency of establishing industry benchmarks to regulate AI's role in shaping public discourse and its consequential impact on democratic decision-making.