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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cyanobacterial toxins"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cyanobacterial toxins"

1

Yusof, Tengku Nadiah, Mohd Rafatullah, Rohaslinda Mohamad, Norli Ismail, Zarina Zainuddin e Japareng Lalung. "Cyanobacteria Characteristics and Methods for Isolation and Accurate Identification of Cyanotoxins: A Review Article". Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 4, n. 1 (30 giugno 2017): 10051. http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ajehe.10051.

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Cyanobacteria are bacteria found in different ecosystems, such as lakes and rocks. These bacteria, capable of photosynthesis, are important sources of oxygen. However, some cyanobacterial strains can produce toxins, which are harmful to humans and animals. Therefore, collection of epidemiological and surveillance data on cyanobacterial toxins in the environment is vital to ensure a low risk of exposure to toxins in other organisms. For presentation of accurate data on environmental cyanobacterial toxins, it is essential to understand their characteristics, including taxonomy, toxin proteins, and genomic structures, and determine their environmental effects on bacterial populations and toxin production. Taxonomy, which is the scientific classification of organisms, is important in identifying species producing toxins. The structure of toxin proteins and their stability in the environment allow researchers to detect toxins with analytical methods and discuss their limitations. Onthe other hand, identifying toxins via molecular typing enables researchers to investigate toxic cyanobacteria by detecting toxin-encoding genes and toxin gene expression. Meanwhile, environmental factors, such as nutrient level, light intensity, and biotic factors, allow researchers to predict the suitable time and location for accurate sampling. In this review, these cyanobacterial features, which are important for accurate detection of cyanobacterial toxins, will be discussed.

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2

Codd, Geoffrey A., Steven G. Bell e William P. Brooks. "Cyanobacterial Toxins in Water". Water Science and Technology 21, n. 3 (1 marzo 1989): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0071.

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Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) commonly occur in fresh- and brackish waters and may produce massive annual growths as a consequence of nutrient enrichment from natural waters, agricultural fertilizer run-off, or from domestic/industrial effluents. The cyanobacterial species which dominate these growths typically belong to the genera which produce toxins. Cyanobacterial toxins cause fatal poisonings of agricultural livestock, wild animals, birds and fish on a world-wide basis. The involvement of the toxins in human health problems has also been inferred in several countries and their presence in drinking water sources is of interest to the drinking water industry. The occurrence and properties of cyanobacterial toxins are discussed here. New methods are being developed for the purification of the toxins and for their recovery and quantification from waters. These include the use of chemical, cytotoxicity and immunological methods to complement the mouse bioassay which has hitherto been used in cyanobacterial toxin studies with laboratory cultures and water samples. Information on the regulation of cyanobacterial toxin production and on the possible biological significance of the toxins in aquatic environments is also presented. A greater awareness of cyanobacterial toxins in waters destined for human use is required.

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3

Mohamad, Rohaslinda, Mohd Rafatullah, Tengku Yusof, Yi Sim, Norli Ismail e Japareng Lalung. "Detection of Microcystin (Mcye) Gene in Recreational Lakes in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia". Current World Environment 11, n. 3 (25 dicembre 2016): 690–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.3.02.

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Toxic cyanobacteria blooms became a worldwide problems as many countries encounter the presence of the blooms in most of water bodies. As part to develop monitoring of cyanobacterial toxins in Malaysia, samples taken in twelve points in five different lakes in Miri, Sarawak. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cyanobacterial 16S rRNA were carried out to detect the presence of cyanobacteria in the water samples. Cyanobacterial 16S rRNA were detected in all the samples collected. While molecular analysis for detection of cyanobacterial toxin encoding gene were done using specific primers. PCR amplification of cyanobacterial toxin-encoding gene were carried using the combination of forward primer; mcyE-F2 and reverse primer; mcyE-R4 to amplify generic microcystin (mcyE) gene in the samples. Out of twelve samples collected, microcystin (mcyE) producing gene was detected in one of the samples tested. Presence of microcystin encoding gene indicates the risk of cyanobacterial toxins in Miri, Sarawak.

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4

Codd, G. A. "Cyanobacterial toxins: occurrence, properties and biological significance". Water Science and Technology 32, n. 4 (1 agosto 1995): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0177.

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All of the most commonly encountered genera of cyanobacteria which form blooms and scums in fresh-brackish- and marine waters include members capable of producing potent toxins. Poisonings of vertebrate and invertebrate animals following the ingestion of cyanobacterial bloom/scum material have been widely reported for many years and recognition of the adverse effects of cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins is increasing. This review considers the occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial populations and properties of the toxins themselves, of which at least 60 are now recognised. When rightfully regarded as microbial secondary metabolites, a range of possible functions for cyanobacterial toxins is presented. Whether cyanobacterial toxins contribute to the ability of cyanobacteria to dominate many eutrophic waterbodies is unknown, although understanding of the occurrence of the toxins in aquatic environments and their actions at the molecular level and with whole organisms in laboratory studies indicates that this is possible.

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5

Schwarzenberger, Anke. "Negative Effects of Cyanotoxins and Adaptative Responses of Daphnia". Toxins 14, n. 11 (7 novembre 2022): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110770.

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The plethora of cyanobacterial toxins are an enormous threat to whole ecosystems and humans. Due to eutrophication and increases in lake temperatures from global warming, changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins and selection of few highly toxic species/ strains are likely. Globally, one of the most important grazers that controls cyanobacterial blooms is Daphnia, a freshwater model organism in ecology and (eco)toxicology. Daphnia–cyanobacteria interactions have been studied extensively, often focusing on the interference of filamentous cyanobacteria with Daphnia’s filtering apparatus, or on different nutritional constraints (the lack of essential amino acids or lipids) and grazer toxicity. For a long time, this toxicity only referred to microcystins. Currently, the focus shifts toward other deleterious cyanotoxins. Still, less than 10% of the total scientific output deals with cyanotoxins that are not microcystins; although these other cyanotoxins can occur just as frequently and at similar concentrations as microcystins in surface water. This review discusses the effects of different cyanobacterial toxins (hepatotoxins, digestive inhibitors, neurotoxins, and cytotoxins) on Daphnia and provides an elaborate and up-to-date overview of specific responses and adaptations of Daphnia. Furthermore, scenarios of what we can expect for the future of Daphnia–cyanobacteria interactions are described by comprising anthropogenic threats that might further increase toxin stress in Daphnia.

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Kormas, Konstantinos Ar, e Despoina S. Lymperopoulou. "Cyanobacterial Toxin Degrading Bacteria: Who Are They?" BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/463894.

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Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in nature and are both beneficial and detrimental to humans. Benefits include being food supplements and producing bioactive compounds, like antimicrobial and anticancer substances, while their detrimental effects are evident by toxin production, causing major ecological problems at the ecosystem level. To date, there are several ways to degrade or transform these toxins by chemical methods, while the biodegradation of these compounds is understudied. In this paper, we present a meta-analysis of the currently available 16S rRNA andmlrA(microcystinase) genes diversity of isolates known to degrade cyanobacterial toxins. The available data revealed that these bacteria belong primarily to the Proteobacteria, with several strains from the sphingomonads, and one from each of theMethylobacillusandPaucibactergenera. Other strains belonged to the generaArthrobacter, Bacillus, andLactobacillus. By combining the ecological knowledge on the distribution, abundance, and ecophysiology of the bacteria that cooccur with toxic cyanobacterial blooms and newly developed molecular approaches, it is possible not only to discover more strains with cyanobacterial toxin degradation abilities, but also to reveal the genes associated with the degradation of these toxins.

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7

Codd, Geoffrey A., James S. Metcalf, Clive J. Ward, Kenneth A. Beattie, Steven G. Bell, Kunimitsu Kaya e Grace K. Poon. "Analysis of Cyanobacterial Toxins by Physicochemical and Biochemical Methods". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, n. 5 (1 settembre 2001): 1626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.5.1626.

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Abstract Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) produce a wide range of low molecular weight metabolites that include potent neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, and cytotoxins. The accumulation of such toxins in freshwaters, and in brackish and marine waters presents hazards to human and animal health by a range of exposure routes. A review is presented of developments in the detection and analysis of cyanobacterial toxins, other than bioassays, including application of physicochemical, immunoassays, and enzyme-based methods. Analytical requirements are considered with reference to recently derived guideline levels for the protection of health and to the availability, or otherwise, of purified, quantitative cyanobacterial toxin standards.

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8

Le, Kim Thien Nguyen, Eyerusalem Goitom, Hana Trigui, Sébastien Sauvé, Michèle Prévost e Sarah Dorner. "The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment". Toxins 13, n. 11 (23 ottobre 2021): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110753.

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Cyanobacterial blooms are a global concern. Chemical coagulants are used in water treatment to remove contaminants from the water column and could potentially be used in lakes and reservoirs. The aims of this study was to: 1) assess the efficiency of ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) coagulant in removing harmful cyanobacterial cells from lake water with cyanobacterial blooms on a short time scale, 2) determine whether some species of cyanobacteria can be selectively removed, and 3) determine the differential impact of coagulants on intra- and extra-cellular toxins. Our main results are: (i) more than 96% and 51% of total cyanobacterial cells were removed in mesocosms with applied doses of 35 mgFe/L and 20 mgFe/L, respectively. Significant differences in removing total cyanobacterial cells and several dominant cyanobacteria species were observed between the two applied doses; (ii) twelve microcystins, anatotoxin-a (ANA-a), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anabaenopeptin A (APA) and anabaenopeptin B (APB) were identified. Ferric sulfate effectively removed the total intracellular microcystins (greater than 97% for both applied doses). Significant removal of extracellular toxins was not observed after coagulation with both doses. Indeed, the occasional increase in extracellular toxin concentration may be related to cells lysis during the coagulation process. No significant differential impact of dosages on intra- and extra-cellular toxin removal was observed which could be relevant to source water applications where optimal dosing is difficult to achieve.

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9

Omidi, Azam, Stephan Pflugmacher, Aaron Kaplan, Young Jun Kim e Maranda Esterhuizen. "Reviewing Interspecies Interactions as a Driving Force Affecting the Community Structure in Lakes via Cyanotoxins". Microorganisms 9, n. 8 (25 luglio 2021): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081583.

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The escalating occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms worldwide is a matter of concern. Global warming and eutrophication play a major role in the regularity of cyanobacterial blooms, which has noticeably shifted towards the predomination of toxic populations. Therefore, understanding the effects of cyanobacterial toxins in aquatic ecosystems and their advantages to the producers are of growing interest. In this paper, the current literature is critically reviewed to provide further insights into the ecological contribution of cyanotoxins in the variation of the lake community diversity and structure through interspecies interplay. The most commonly detected and studied cyanobacterial toxins, namely the microcystins, anatoxins, saxitoxins, cylindrospermopsins and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, and their ecotoxicity on various trophic levels are discussed. This work addresses the environmental characterization of pure toxins, toxin-containing crude extracts and filtrates of single and mixed cultures in interspecies interactions by inducing different physiological and metabolic responses. More data on these interactions under natural conditions and laboratory-based studies using direct co-cultivation approaches will provide more substantial information on the consequences of cyanotoxins in the natural ecosystem. This review is beneficial for understanding cyanotoxin-mediated interspecies interactions, developing bloom mitigation technologies and robustly assessing the hazards posed by toxin-producing cyanobacteria to humans and other organisms.

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10

Sivonen, Kaarina. "Cyanobacterial toxins and toxin production". Phycologia 35, sup6 (novembre 1996): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-35-6s-12.1.

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Tesi sul tema "Cyanobacterial toxins"

1

Cross, David Michael. "Analytical methods for cyanobacterial toxins". Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390310.

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2

Froscio, Suzanne M. "Investigation of the mechanisms involved in cylindrospermopsin toxicity : hepatocyte culture and reticulocyte lysate studies". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf938.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 121-139. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which protein synthesis inhibition, lowered glutathione (GSH) levels and toxin metabolism contribute to the toxicity of cyclindrospermopsin. Both hepatocyte cultures and reticulocyte lysates were utilized as in vitro tools of investigation. The findings imply that the inhibition of protein synthesis by direct action of the toxin cannot be considered a primary cause of hepatocyte cell death over an acute time frame. Cytochrome P450-derived metabolites may play a crucial role in cytotoxicity, and the toxicity process does not appear to involve oxidative damage.

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3

Engelke, Clemens J. "Cyanobacterial chemical ecology". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU485501.

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This thesis reports the effect of the non-toxic cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii CYA29 and its spent medium on the cell-bound toxin levels in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7820 and Nodularia sp. PCC7804. Microcystin levels were elevated when O. agardhii or its spent medium were added to cultures of M. aeruginosa PCC7820. This effect was also observed for two nodularin variants in Nodularia PCC7804. However, growth of M. aeruginosa in its own spent medium did not lead to elevated microcystin levels. Some Gram-negative bacteria use quorum sensing, the determination of population density by pheromones, to regulate the expression of traits in a density dependent manner. The presence of the bacterial pheromones, acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), was investigated in cyanobacteria and a simple and fast synthesis for AHLs employed. No AHLs have been found in the cyanobacterial species tested, neither by Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 nor by Escherichia coli HB101 pUCD607 bioassay. No changes in dry weight or microcystin concentration were observed in M. aeruginosa PCC7820 grown in the presence of the AHL N-hexanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone. The activity of the spent medium of O. agardhii CYA29 was retained when it was heated up to 100°C for 20 min, frozen or freeze-dried. Molecular weight cut-off filtration showed the active compound to be less than 1 kD in size. The active component could not be extracted by dichloromethane or methanol, and activity was lost upon acidification. A small peptide of five amino acid moieties was isolated from an active fraction of the spent medium, four of which have been identified by 1H NMR to be serine, glycine, alanine, and the modified serine(thiazole). To my knowledge this is the first report of serine(thiazole) in natural products and the first thiazole containing peptide from O. agardhii.

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4

McElhiney, Jacqueline. "Purification, detection and biological effects of cyanobacterial toxins". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/528.

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The aesthetic beauty of a landscape is a very subjective issue: every person has their own opinions and their own idea of what beauty is. However, all people have a common evolutionary history, and, according to the Biophilia hypothesis, a genetic predisposition to liking certain types of landscapes. It is possible that this common inheritance allows us to attempt to model scenic preference for natural landscapes. The ideal type of model for such predictions is the psychophysical preference model, integrating psychological responses to landscapes with objective measurements of quantitative and qualitative landscape variables. Such models commonly predict two thirds of the variance in the predications of the general public for natural landscapes. In order to create such a model three sets of data were required: landscape photographs (surrogates of the actual landscape), landscape preference data and landscape component variable measurements. The Internet was used to run a questionnaire survey; a novel, yet flexible, environmentally friendly and simple method of data gathering, resulting in one hundred and eighty responses. A geographic information system was used to digitise ninety landscape photographs and measure their landforms (based on elevation) in terms of areas and perimeters, their colours and proxies for their complexity and coherence. Landscape preference models were created by running multiple linear regressions using normalised preference data and the landscape component variables, including mathematical transformations of these variables. The eight models created predicted over sixty percent of variance in the responses and had moderate to high correlations with a second set of landscape preference data. A common base to the models were the variables of complexity, water and mountain landform, in particular the presence or absence of water and mountains was noted as being significant in determining landscape scenic preference. In order to fully establish the utility of these models, they were further tested against: changes in weather and season; the addition of cultural structures; different photographers; alternate film types; different focal lengths; and composition. Results showed that weather and season were not significant in determining landscape preference; cultural structures increased preferences for landscapes; and photographs taken by different people did not produce consistent results from the predictive models. It was also found that film type was not significant and that changes in focal length altered preferences for landscapes.

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Williams, Philip. "Chemical investigations of marine cyanobacteria : the search for new anticancer agents from the sea /". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6878.

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Man, Kwok Wai. "The development of surfactant-medicated analytical methods for the determination of cyanobacterial toxins in natural waters /". access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-bch-b19887875a.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005.
"Submitted to Department of Biology and Chemistry in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliographical references.

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7

Lotierzo, Manuela. "Biological and artificial receptors in affinity sensor for water toxins detection". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274040.

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8

Dale, Vanessa Cordelia Meriel. "The study of cyanobacterial toxins by means of tandem mass spectroscopy". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282458.

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Coyle, Sadie Marie. "Investigations of microcystins (cyanobacterial peptide toxins) : detection, purification and analysis". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360091.

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10

Shams, Shiva. "Diversity, impact and fate of cyanobacterial toxins in freshwater ecosytems". Doctoral thesis, country:DE, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/24890.

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Massive proliferations of cyanobacteria (bloom) are common in aquatic environments worldwide. These blooms are often toxic due to the presence of hepatotoxins or neurotoxins and have become a worldwide environmental problem. Various incidents of animal and human poisonings have been attributed to these toxins. Therefore, monitoring of potentially toxic cyanobacteria and the associated toxins need to be investigated routinely in each water body. In the first part of present study, LC-MS methods were applied for identifying and quantifying cyanotoxins diversity in Lake Garda. Anatoxin-a (ATX) and microcystins (MC) were always present in this lake with a different seasonal pattern. ATX represented an early summer peak, while MC showed a typical late summer-early autumn peak.The results of toxin analysis also revealed the presence of 5 variants of MC in this lake, but the variants MC-RRdm was always dominant over the others. In another chapter of this thesis the kinetic aspects of MC transfer from Planktothrix rubescens to Daphnia magna was investigated. Models of MC accumulation obtained from this part of study differed largely as a result of the duration of exposure and initial MC concentrations used. Within the first 24 h of exposure, MC accumulation in D. magna was linear, irrespective of the initial densities of toxic P. rubescens and MC concentrations. After 48h of exposure, MC accumulation in D. magna showed an exponential pattern. In the last part of this study, the taxonomic identification of new Oscillatoriales was carried out adopting a polyphasic approach and new potential ATX producers were screened through chemical characterization and identification of specific toxins encoding genes. The analyses were made on several strains isolated from environmental samples collected in Lake Garda. The results allowed identifying a new ATX producer, Tychonema bourrellyi. This is the first discovery of a planktonic genus belonging to the Oscillatoriales able to produce ATX

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Libri sul tema "Cyanobacterial toxins"

1

Bruno, Milena. Nuove sostanze neurotossiche prodotte da alghe: La [beta]-N-metilammino-L-alanina. Roma: Istituto superiore di sanità, 2012.

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2

Sedmak, Bojan. Cyanobacteria and their toxins: What are they, where can we find them, why are they able to prevail and how do they behave? Ljubljana: National Institute of Biology, 2012.

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3

A, Codd G., e International Symposium on Detection Methods for Cyanobacterial (Blue-Green Algal) Toxins (1st : 1993 : University of Bath), a cura di. Detection methods for cyanobacterial toxins. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1994.

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Newcombe, Gayle. Optimizing conventional treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria and toxins. Denver, Colorado: Water Research Foundation, 2015.

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International Agency for Research on Cancer e World Health Organization, a cura di. Ingested nitrate and nitrite, and cyanobacterial peptide toxins. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2010.

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6

Cyanobacterial toxins of drinking water supplies: Cylindrospermopsins and microcystins. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2005.

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D, Brookes Justin, AWWA Research Foundation e Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment (Australia), a cura di. Reservoir management strategies for control and degradation of algal toxins. Denver, Colo: Awwa Research Foundation, 2008.

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Toxic: Cyanobacterial monitoring and cyanotoxin analysis. Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press, 2005.

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Meriluoto, Jussi. Liquid chromatographic analysis of cyanobacterial peptide hepatotoxins. Åbo: Åbo Akademis förlag, 1990.

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Lucentini, Luca. Cyanobacteria in water for human consumption: Guidelines for risk management. Roma: Istitutio superiore di sanità, 2013.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cyanobacterial toxins"

1

Vasconcelos, Vitor, Pedro Leão e Alexandre Campos. "Cyanobacterial toxins". In Phycotoxins, 225–38. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118500354.ch10.

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Utkilen, Hans. "Cyanobacterial Toxins". In Photosynthetic Prokaryotes, 211–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1332-9_7.

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Metcalf, J. S., e N. R. Souza. "Cyanobacterial toxins." In A handbook of environmental toxicology: human disorders and ecotoxicology, 33–48. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394675.0033.

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Chorus, Ingrid, e Martin Welker. "Cyanobacterial toxins". In Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water, 13–162. 2^a ed. Second edition. | Boca Rataon : CRC Press, an imprint of Informa, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003081449-2.

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Tischbein, Maeve, e Elijah W. Stommel. "Neurotoxic Cyanobacterial Toxins". In Handbook of Neurotoxicity, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71519-9_198-1.

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Tischbein, Maeve, e Elijah W. Stommel. "Neurotoxic Cyanobacterial Toxins". In Handbook of Neurotoxicity, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71519-9_198-2.

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Tischbein, Maeve, e Elijah W. Stommel. "Neurotoxic Cyanobacterial Toxins". In Handbook of Neurotoxicity, 1007–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15080-7_198.

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Mishra, Sonal, e Rajeshwar P. Sinha. "Isolation and Purification of Cyanobacterial Toxins". In Methods in Cyanobacterial Research, 76–79. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003398387-9.

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Vasas, Gábor. "Capillary Electrophoresis of Cyanobacterial Toxins". In Handbook of Cyanobacterial Monitoring and Cyanotoxin Analysis, 258–62. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119068761.ch24.

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Maršálek, B., e L. Bláha. "Microbiotests for cyanobacterial toxins screening". In New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring, 519–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4289-6_58.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Cyanobacterial toxins"

1

de Oliveira, Flavio Luis, Raquel Silva, João Morais, Pedro Cruz e Vitor Vasconcelos. "Cyanobacterial Toxins—An Update of Toxins from Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE-CC)". In The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014039.

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2

Teneva, Ivanka, Dzhemal Moten, Detelina Belkinova, Tsvetelina Mladenova e Balik Dzhambazov. "TOXIC POTENTIAL OF ANABAENOPSIS ELENKINII (CYANOBACTERIA) ISOLATED FROM A BLOOM IN LAKE VAYA (BULGARIA)". In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/5.1/s20.36.

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Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic organisms that under certain conditions (high temperature, eutrophication) can grow rapidly and form "cyanobacterial blooms". Very often, these blooms are accompanied by production of cyanotoxins, which in most cases are dangerous to the other organisms. Knowing the producers of cyanotoxins is of utmost importance, especially today when climate change has been shown to increase the frequency of toxic cyanobacterial blooms worldwide. The aim of the present study was to characterize the toxic potential of the cyanobacterium Anabaenopsis elenkinii V.V.Miller 1923 isolated from Lake Vaia during a cyanobacterial bloom. The isolated strain (Anabaenopsis elenkinii) was identified based on a morphological analysis using light microscopy, and its taxonomic affiliation and phylogenetic position were confirmed by applying the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method for phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA sequence. The production of cyanotoxins was analyzed by applying immunological methods (ELISA) for detection of microcystins, cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxins. The toxic potential of Anabaenopsis elenkinii was evaluated in vitro by methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) cytotoxicity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assays using HT-29 cells. Our analyzes indicated that Anabaenopsis elenkinii produces microcystins (0.42 ng/mL), cylindrospermopsin (0.10 ng/mL) and saxithixins (0.05 ng/mL). The MTT cytotoxicity assay showed that the medium, in which the cyanobacterial strain was grown, significantly reduced the viability of HT-29 cells and this effect was dose- and time-dependent. In addition, 50% inhibition of the SOD activity was also observed. This is the first report of Anabaenopsis elenkinii as a producer of cyanotoxins. Our results provide valuable information about the toxin-producing cyanobacteria. They demonstrate the potential danger of "cyanobacterial blooms" where Anabaenopsis elenkinii is a dominant species.

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O'Reilly, Andrew M., Justin L. Hobart e Jennifer N. Gifford. "TRANSPORT AND FATE OF CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS IN SOIL AND GROUNDWATER: AQUIFER RECHARGE AND HUMAN HEALTH IMPLICATIONS". In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-337989.

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Koksharova, Olga, Ivan Butenko, Olga Pobeguts, Nina Safronova e Vadim Govorun. "The Regulatory Mechanisms of Cyanotoxin β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) Action on the Key Cellular Processes in Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria". In 1st International Electronic Conference on Toxins. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iect2021-09161.

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Dzhambazov, Balik. "THE ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF TOXIN-PRODUCING CYANOBACTERIA ARE PH-DEPENDENT". In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/5.2/s20.117.

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Borges, Inês, Elisabete Dias, Rita Cordeiro e Amélia Fonseca. "Bioprospection of Toxin-Producing Cyanobacteria in the BACA Culture Collection". In The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014008.

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Wetzel, Christoph, e Bernhard Roth. "Analysis and differentiation of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacteria using Raman spectroscopy". In Photonic Technologies in Plant and Agricultural Science, a cura di Dag Heinemann e Gerrit Polder. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3023406.

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Mankiewicz-Boczek, J., K. Izyorczyk e T. Jurczak. "Risk assessment of toxic Cyanobacteria in Polish water bodies". In ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/etox060061.

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Peña, Samantha. "ADDRESSING TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA AT ZION THROUGH RESEARCH AND EDUCATION". In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-379936.

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Moreira, Cristiana, Vítor Vasconcelos e Agostinho Antunes. "Toxic Cyanobacteria Impacts on a Eutrophic and Protected Natural Ecosystem (Vela Lagoon)". In The 7th Iberian Congress on Cyanotoxins/3rd Iberoamerican Congress on Cyanotoxins. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022014007.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Cyanobacterial toxins"

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Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, Kaitlin Volk, Taylor Rycroft, Susie Wood, Tim Davis e Jim Lazorchak. Aligning research and monitoring priorities for benthic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins : a workshop summary. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41680.

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In 2018, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center partnered with the US Army Corps of Engineers–Buffalo District, the US Environmental Protection Agency, Bowling Green State University, and the Cawthron Institute to host a workshop focused on benthic and sediment-associated cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, particularly in the context of harmful algal blooms (HAB). Technical sessions on the ecology of benthic cyanobacteria in lakes and rivers; monitoring of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins; detection of benthic and sediment-bound cyanotoxins; and the fate, transport, and health risks of cyanobacteria and their associated toxins were presented. Research summaries included the buoyancy and dispersal of benthic freshwater cyanobacteria mats, the fate and quantification of cyanotoxins in lake sediments, and spatial and temporal variation of toxins in streams. In addition, summaries of remote sensing methods, omic techniques, and field sampling techniques were presented. Critical research gaps identified from this workshop include (1) ecology of benthic cyanobacteria, (2) identity, fate, transport, and risk of cyanotoxins produced by benthic cyanobacteria, (3) standardized sampling and analysis protocols, and (4) increased technical cooperation between government, academia, industry, nonprofit organizations, and other stakeholders. Conclusions from this workshop can inform monitoring and management efforts for benthic cyanobacteria and their associated toxins.

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Maycock, Barry, Cath Mulholland, Emma French e Joseph Shavila. Rapid Risk Assessment: What is the risk from microcystins in the edible flesh of fish caught from Lough Neagh? Food Standards Agency, marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.slz868.

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During the Summer and Autumn of 2023, Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland was affected by a cyanobacterial bloom. Testing of water from within the bloom reported high concentrations of one type of cyanobacterial toxin, microcystins. Samples were taken from the Lough of eels, roach, perch, pollan and bream and tested for a range of cyanobacterial toxins, including microcystins, nodularins, anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin. Each sample comprised 10 fish, and five samples were taken of each species, except for bream for which a single sample was collected. The fish were dissected and the edible flesh, intestine, liver, roe, gonad and/or gills analysed separately. Microcystins were detected at a range of concentrations in the various parts of the fish that were sampled - intestine, liver, roe and/or gills, but were not detected in the edible flesh of any of the fish samples. Averaged across the samples, the highest concentrations of microcystins were quantified in the intestine samples, followed by the liver samples, with low concentrations were detected in the gills and a small number of the samples of gonads and roe. None of the other toxins were detected in any fish sample. The initial analysis for microcystins was of free toxins only. However, there is evidence that microcystins which are covalently bound to proteins are also bioavailable and therefore 22 fish tissue samples, including nine fish flesh samples, were also sent to another laboratory where they were analysed by a method which measures the total concentrations of microcystins, free and protein-bound. The viscera tissue samples chosen for the further analysis were those with the highest concentrations of the free toxins, while the fish flesh samples included 2-3 samples each of eels, roach, pollan and perch. The concentrations of total microcystins found in viscera samples were around one order of magnitude higher than the concentrations of free microcystins that had been measured. However, microcystins were still not detected in the edible fish flesh samples. It is possible that microcystins were not present at any level in any of the fish flesh samples. However, the presence of microcystins in the edible flesh of fish has been reported in the scientific literature, albeit at lower levels than those in the gastrointestinal tract or other parts of the viscera such as liver (Testai et al., 2016). Since microcystins were detected in other parts of the fish sampled from Lough Neagh it is also possible that they were also present in the fish flesh but at levels below the limits of detection of the analytical methods. The limit of detection of the analytical method for total (free + bound) microcystins was 10 µg/kg wet weight. An upper bound dietary exposure assessment was conducted. While a lower bound exposure assessment would assume the microcystins were not present in the edible flesh, i.e. a concentration of 0 µg/kg, the upper bound approach assumed they were present at the limit of detection of 10 µg/kg. The true concentrations may be between these levels. The exposure assessments consider high consumers of fish (97.5th percentile). For eels, consumption data were used from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). For roach, perch, pollan and bream. No consumption data were available from the NDNS and consumption data for trout were used instead as a proxy. The main target organ for toxicity of the microcystins is the liver, though other organs may also be affected. The microcystin most studied toxicologically is microcystin-LR, which is one of the most common microcystins. A WHO review established a provisional tolerable daily intake (TDI) for microcystin-LR of 0.04 µg per kg bodyweight (bw). WHO recommended that exposures to total microcystins should be compared to this provisional TDI, though there is uncertainty with this as individual microcystins are likely to differ significantly in their toxic potencies. Estimated dietary exposures of total microcystins were all within the provisional TDI, indicating no health concern from consuming the edible flesh of these species. Since fish may be caught and prepared for consumption not only by food business operators but by recreational anglers, concern has been raised that evisceration may be incomplete or the edible flesh may become contaminated in the process, and therefore this was also considered in the risk assessment. This was based on the sample of fish which contained the highest concentration of total microcystins in a viscera component, which was a sample of roach with a particularly high concentration of microcystins in intestine. It was assumed that 10% of the relative proportion of intestine to flesh in the fish would be inadvertently consumed with the flesh. In this scenario, dietary exposures would be within the provisional TDI in most age groups or would marginally exceed the TDI, but this would not be toxicologically significant. In addition, since this exposure scenario used an upper bound approach to the concentration in flesh, and used the highest concentration in any viscera sample, it is not clear that there would be any exceedance of the provisional TDI in practice. Overall, it appears unlikely that consumers will substantially exceed the provisional TDI on a long-term basis due to incomplete evisceration of fish. Overall, exposure to microcystins from eating the edible flesh of the tested fish species would not be expected to cause adverse effects in consumers, including if the fish is inadequately eviscerated. Therefore, we consider the frequency of adverse reactions in the general population to be negligible, so rare that it does not merit to be included. Based on the possible levels of exposure to microcystins from fish from Lough Neagh, it is considered that any liver injury, were it to occur in consumers of fish, would result from long term exposure and be mild. Overall, we consider the severity of illness that could potentially occur as a result of exposure to microcystins from consuming edible fish flesh from Lough Neagh to be medium (i.e. moderate illness, incapacitating but not usually life-threatening and of moderate duration). We consider the level of uncertainty to be medium (i.e. there are some but no complete data available), but that this does not affect the conclusion of the risk assessment since many of the key uncertainties are addressed within the risk assessment. However, future monitoring would be useful to assess whether microcystin concentrations in the fish change over time.

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Carmichael, Wayne W. Freshwater Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae) Toxins: Isolation and Characterization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada180183.

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Kennedy, Alan, Andrew McQueen, Mark Ballentine, Brianna Fernando, Lauren May, Jonna Boyda, Christopher Williams e Michael Bortner. Sustainable harmful algal bloom mitigation by 3D printed photocatalytic oxidation devices (3D-PODs). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43980.

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The impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB), often caused by cyanobacteria (Figure 1), on water resources are increasing. Innovative solutions for treatment of HABs and their associated toxins are needed to mitigate these impacts and decrease risks without introducing persistent legacy contaminants that cause collateral ecosystem impacts. This technical note (TN) identifies novel opportunities enabled by Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, to produce high surface area advanced material composites to rapidly prototype sustainable environmental solutions for aquatic nuisance species control. This innovative research explores deployment of 3D-printable polymer composite structures containing nano-scale photocatalysts for targeted open water treatment of HABs that are customizable to the site-of-concern and also retrievable, reusable, and sustainable. The approach developed to control cyanobacteria HAB events has the potential to augment or replace broadcast, non-specific chemical controls that otherwise put non-target species and ecological resources at long-term risk. It can also augment existing UV-treatment HAB treatment control measures. The expected research outcome is a novel, effective, and sustainable HAB management tool for the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and resource managers to deploy in their HAB rapid response programs. The research will provide a framework for scale-up into other manufacturing methods (e.g., injection molding) to produce the devices in bulk (quickly and efficiently). Research for this project title “Mitigation of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins using 3D Printed Photocatalytic Materials (FY21-23)” was sponsored by the US Army Engineer Research Development Center’s (ERDC) Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program (ANSRP).

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Anderson, Donald M., Lorraine C. Backer, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Holly A. Bowers, V. Monica Bricelj, Lesley D’Anglada, Jonathan Deeds et al. Harmful Algal Research & Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS), 2024-2034. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, luglio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/69773.

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Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are a well-established and severe threat to human health, economies, and marine and freshwater ecosystems on all coasts of the United States and its inland waters. HABs can comprise microalgae, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae (seaweeds). Their impacts, intensity, and geographic range have increased over past decades due to both human-induced and natural changes. In this report, HABs refers to both marine algal and freshwater cyanobacterial events. This Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS) 2024-2034 plan builds on major accomplishments from past efforts, provides a state of the science update since the previous decadal HARRNESS plan (2005-2015), identifies key information gaps, and presents forward-thinking solutions. Major achievements on many fronts since the last HARRNESS are detailed in this report. They include improved understanding of bloom dynamics of large-scale regional HABs such as those of Pseudo-nitzschia on the west coast, Alexandrium on the east coast, Karenia brevis on the west Florida shelf, and Microcystis in Lake Erie, and advances in HAB sensor technology, allowing deployment on fixed and mobile platforms for long-term, continuous, remote HAB cell and toxin observations. New HABs and impacts have emerged. Freshwater HABs now occur in many inland waterways and their public health impacts through drinking and recreational water contamination have been characterized and new monitoring efforts have been initiated. Freshwater HAB toxins are finding their way into marine environments and contaminating seafood with unknown consequences. Blooms of Dinophysis spp., which can cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, have appeared around the US coast, but the causes are not understood. Similarly, blooms of fish- and shellfish-killing HABs are occurring in many regions and are especially threatening to aquaculture. The science, management, and decision-making necessary to manage the threat of HABs continue to involve a multidisciplinary group of scientists, managers, and agencies at various levels. The initial HARRNESS framework and the resulting National HAB Committee (NHC) have proven effective means to coordinate the academic, management, and stakeholder communities interested in national HAB issues and provide these entities with a collective voice, in part through this updated HARRNESS report. Congress and the Executive Branch have supported most of the advances achieved under HARRNESS (2005-2015) and continue to make HABs a priority. Congress has reauthorized the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act (HABHRCA) multiple times and continues to authorize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to fund and conduct HAB research and response, has given new roles to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and required an Interagency Working Group on HABHRCA (IWG HABHRCA). These efforts have been instrumental in coordinating HAB responses by federal and state agencies. Initial appropriations for NOAA HAB research and response decreased after 2005, but have increased substantially in the last few years, leading to many advances in HAB management in marine coastal and Great Lakes regions. With no specific funding for HABs, the US EPA has provided funding to states through existing laws, such as the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and to members of the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, to assist states and tribes in addressing issues related to HAB toxins and hypoxia. The US EPA has also worked towards fulfilling its mandate by providing tools and resources to states, territories, and local governments to help manage HABs and cyanotoxins, to effectively communicate the risks of cyanotoxins and to assist public water systems and water managers to manage HABs. These tools and resources include documents to assist with adopting recommended recreational criteria and/or swimming advisories, recommendations for public water systems to choose to apply health advisories for cyanotoxins, risk communication templates, videos and toolkits, monitoring guidance, and drinking water treatment optimization documents. Beginning in 2018, Congress has directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop a HAB research initiative to deliver scalable HAB prevention, detection, and management technologies intended to reduce the frequency and severity of HAB impacts to our Nation’s freshwater resources. Since the initial HARRNESS report, other federal agencies have become increasingly engaged in addressing HABs, a trend likely to continue given the evolution of regulations(e.g., US EPA drinking water health advisories and recreational water quality criteria for two cyanotoxins), and new understanding of risks associated with freshwater HABs. The NSF/NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program has contributed substantially to our understanding of HABs. The US Geological Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Aeronautics Space Administration also contribute to HAB-related activities. In the preparation of this report, input was sought early on from a wide range of stakeholders, including participants from academia, industry, and government. The aim of this interdisciplinary effort is to provide summary information that will guide future research and management of HABs and inform policy development at the agency and congressional levels. As a result of this information gathering effort, four major HAB focus/programmatic areas were identified: 1) Observing systems, modeling, and forecasting; 2) Detection and ecological impacts, including genetics and bloom ecology; 3) HAB management including prevention, control, and mitigation, and 4) Human dimensions, including public health, socio-economics, outreach, and education. Focus groups were tasked with addressing a) our current understanding based on advances since HARRNESS 2005-2015, b) identification of critical information gaps and opportunities, and c) proposed recommendations for the future. The vision statement for HARRNESS 2024-2034 has been updated, as follows: “Over the next decade, in the context of global climate change projections, HARRNESS will define the magnitude, scope, and diversity of the HAB problem in US marine, brackish and freshwaters; strengthen coordination among agencies, stakeholders, and partners; advance the development of effective research and management solutions; and build resilience to address the broad range of US HAB problems impacting vulnerable communities and ecosystems.” This will guide federal, state, local and tribal agencies and nations, researchers, industry, and other organizations over the next decade to collectively work to address HAB problems in the United States.

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Calomeni, Alyssa, Andrew McQueen, Ciera Kinley-Baird e Gerard Clyde. Identification and preventative treatment of overwintering cyanobacteria in sediments : a literature review. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), agosto 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45063.

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Freshwaters can experience growths of toxin-producing cyanobacteria or harmful algal blooms (HABs). HAB-producing cyanobacteria can develop akinetes, which are thick-enveloped quiescent cells akin to seeds in vascular plants or quiescent colonies that overwinter in sediment. Overwintering cells produce viable “seed beds” for HAB resurgences and preventative treatments may diminish HAB intensity. The purpose of this literature review was to identify (1) environmental factors triggering germination and growth of overwintering cells, (2) sampling, identification, and enumeration methods, and (3) feasibility of preventative algaecide treatments. Conditions triggering akinete germination (light ≥0.5 μmol m-2s-1, temperature 22-27℃) differ from conditions triggering overwintering Microcystis growth (temperature 15-30℃, nutrients, mixing). Corers or dredges are used to collect surficial (0-2 cm) sediment layers containing overwintering cells. Identification and enumeration via microscopy are aided by dilution, sieving, or density separation of sediment. Grow-out studies simulate environmental conditions triggering cell growth and provide evidence of overwintering cell viability. Lines of evidence supporting algaecide efficacy for preventative treatments include (1) field studies demonstrating scalability and efficacy of algaecides against benthic algae, (2) data suggesting similar sensitivities of overwintering and planktonic Microcystis cells to a peroxide algaecide, and (3) a mesocosm study demonstrating a decrease in HAB severity following preventative treatments. This review informs data needs, monitoring techniques, and potential efficacy of algaecides for preventative treatments of overwintering cells.

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Butler, Afrachanna, Catherine Thomas, Alyssa Calomeni, Andrew McQueen e William Slack. Microseira wollei (M. wollei) blooms in freshwater ecosystems in Lake St. Clair (Michigan, USA)–impacts and possible management approaches. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47648.

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The proliferation and shoreline accumulation of the filamentous biphasic cyanobacterium, Microseira wollei (M. wollei) (previously classified as Lyngbya wollei), have become an increasing problem in the Great Lakes, both for aesthetic reasons and its potential to harbor harmful bacteria and pathogens (Vijayavel et al. 2013). Occurrences have been reported and studies have also been conducted in the southeastern US where M. wollei has become a nuisance in recent years and is known to produce toxins (Hudon et al. 2014). Reports of M. wollei proliferations in the eastern US have been identified in the Manitoba lakes (Macbeth 2004), in Lake Erie from Maumee Bay (Bridgeman and Penamon 2010), in Lake St. Clair near Detroit (Vijayavel et al. 2013), and throughout the St Lawrence River (Vis et al. 2008; Lévesque et al. 2012). M. wollei has become a serious nuisance for marinas, public beaches, and lakefront property owners. In addition, M. wollei appears to have the ability to produce a wide range of toxins, but the conditions promoting their production, type, and concentration are poorly known (Hudon et al. 2014). Occurrences of large algal mats matching characteristics of M. wollei have been observed along the northwest shore and nearshore waters of the beach at Lake St. Clair dating back to 2010. To date, a comprehensive study detailing the potential impacts M. wollei has on freshwater ecosystems in the Great Lakes River, particularly Lake St. Clair is lacking. Further, management solutions are not well understood. This technical note (TN) reviews the potential causes of M. wollei blooms and their ecological impacts on aquatic systems and assesses the management options available to eliminate or minimize the impacts of these blooms.

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Chapter A7. Section 7.5. Cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs: Toxin And taste-and-odor sampling guidelines. US Geological Survey, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/twri09a7.5.

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