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1
Rennie, Bryan D. "Detection and identification of antigens from Mycobacterium bovis culture filtrate with immune sera from Mycobacterium bovis sensitized or infected cattle". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, infects approximately 50 million cattle worldwide and is diagnosed by the tuberculin skin test (TST). The purpose of this thesis was to characterise the culture filtrate proteins (CFP) of M. bovis PPD tuberculin and to compare the antibody response of M. bovis infected versus M. bovis sensitized cattle. Sterile filtered PPD tuberculin (SF-PPD) resolved into approximately 200 discrete spots using two-dimensional PAGE. While 2D Western blot analysis of both M. bovis sensitized and M. bovis infected cattle sera demonstrated an antibody boost following comparative intradermal TSTs, M. bovis sensitized cattle responded with greater intensity to additional SF-PPD antigens as compared to M. bovis infected cattle at seven weeks post infection/sensitization. In conclusion M. bovis sensitized cattle generated a more intense antibody response and recognized additional SF-PPD antigens as compared to M. bovis infected cattle within the first two months post infection/sensitization.
2
Kanu, S., e Dakora FD. "Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of lumichrome, riboflavin and indole acetic acid in cell-free culture filtrate ofPsoralea nodule bacteria grown at different pH, salinity and temperature regimes". Symbiosis, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001481.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract
Using thin-layer chromatography, 16 bacterial isolates from root nodules of 8 different Psoralea species were quantitatively
assessed for their exudation of the metabolites lumichrome, riboflavin and IAA in response to pH, salinity and temperature.
Our data showed that the bacterial strains tested differed in their levels of secretion of the three metabolites. For example,
strain AS2 produced significantly greater amounts of lumichrome at both pH 5.1 and 8.1, while strains RTl and PI
produced more lumichrome per cell at only pH 8.1. Strains API and RP2 also produced more riboflavin at pH 5.1 than at pH
8.1; conversely strain RTl secreted more riboflavin at pH 8.1 than at pH 5.1. Two P. repens strains (RPI and RP2) isolated
from very saline environments close to the Indian Ocean produced significant levels of lumichrome and riboflavin at both
low and high salinity treatments. However, strains ACI and Ll (from P. aculeata and P. laxa) even produced greater
amounts of lumichrome and riboflavin at higher salinity (i.e. 34.2 mM NaCl) and probably originated from naturally saline
soils. In this study, high acidity and high temperature induced the synthesis and release of high levels of IAA by bacterial
cells. In contrast, there was greater strain secretion of lumichrome at lower temperature (10°C) than at high temperature
(30°C). The variations in the secretion of lumichrome, riboflavin and IAA by bacterial strains exposed to different pH,
salinity and temperature regimes suggest that genes encoding these metabolites are regulated differently by the imposed
environmental factors. The data from this study also suggest that natural changes of pH, salinity and/or temperature in plant
rhizospheres could potentially elevate the concentrations of lumichrome, riboflavin and IAA in soils. An accumulation of
these molecules in the rhizosphere would have consequences for ecosystem functioning as both lumichrome and riboflavin
have been reported to act as developmental signals that affect species in all three plant, animal, and microbial kingdoms.
3
Kanu, S., e FD Dakora. "Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of lumichrome, riboflavin and indole acetic acid in cell-free culture filtrate ofPsoralea nodule bacteria grown at different pH, salinity and temperature regimes". Balaban, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001676.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract
Using thin-layer chromatography, 16 bacterial isolates from root nodules of 8 different Psoralea species were quantitatively
assessed for their exudation of the metabolites lumichrome, riboflavin and IAA in response to pH, salinity and temperature.
Our data showed that the bacterial strains tested differed in their levels of secretion of the three metabolites. For example,
strain AS2 produced significantly greater amounts of lumichrome at both pH 5.1 and 8.1, while strains RTl and PI
produced more lumichrome per cell at only pH 8.1. Strains API and RP2 also produced more riboflavin at pH 5.1 than at pH
8.1; conversely strain RTl secreted more riboflavin at pH 8.1 than at pH 5.1. Two P. repens strains (RPI and RP2) isolated
from very saline environments close to the Indian Ocean produced significant levels of lumichrome and riboflavin at both
low and high salinity treatments. However, strains ACI and Ll (from P. aculeata and P. laxa) even produced greater
amounts of lumichrome and riboflavin at higher salinity (i.e. 34.2 mM NaCl) and probably originated from naturally saline
soils. In this study, high acidity and high temperature induced the synthesis and release of high levels of IAA by bacterial
cells. In contrast, there was greater strain secretion of lumichrome at lower temperature (10°C) than at high temperature
(30°C). The variations in the secretion of lumichrome, riboflavin and IAA by bacterial strains exposed to different pH,
salinity and temperature regimes suggest that genes encoding these metabolites are regulated differently by the imposed
environmental factors. The data from this study also suggest that natural changes of pH, salinity and/or temperature in plant
rhizospheres could potentially elevate the concentrations of lumichrome, riboflavin and IAA in soils. An accumulation of
these molecules in the rhizosphere would have consequences for ecosystem functioning as both lumichrome and riboflavin
have been reported to act as developmental signals that affect species in all three plant, animal, and microbial kingdoms.
4
Pijut, Paula M. "Effects of culture filtrates of Ceratocystis ulmi on growth and ultrastructure of in vitro cultured Ulmus Americana /". The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148759742413622.
Testo completo
5
Spiassi, Ariane. "Aleopatia de fungos fitopatogênicos sobre plantas invasoras das culturas de soja e milho". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/422.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2011-12-12Invasive plants can cause problems to the exploitation of agriculture worldwide. The chemical control of these plants has generated several environmental problems, such as the contamination of natural resources, the compromising the food quality, the poisoning of farmers, the development of the weed s resistance, among others. An alternative to reduce the use of pesticides is the use of biological control, using pathogenic fungi that produce a variety of secondary compounds in culture medium, which exhibit phytotoxicity. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the allelopathic activity of culture filtrate produced by pathogenic fungi that attack soybeans (Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina) and maize (Fusarium graminearum, Diplodia maydis). We evaluated the effects of fungal filtrates at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20% on seed germination and on the developments of both radicle and hypocotyl of Canadian horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.) broomstick (Bidens pilosa L.) and milkweed (Euphorbia heterophylla L.). Such effects were also tested on cultivated plants (soy and corn). The design of the experiment was completely randomized, with six treatments and four replications. The results indicate that the filtered solution of the Fusarium solani culture presented negative effect on Canadian horseweed, broomstick and milkweed without affecting the soy negatively. Diplodia maydis provided the reduction of growth of horseweed and milkweed without causing damage to the maize culture. Finally, the one of Macrophomina phaseolina decreased the growth of milkweed plantules without affecting the maize negatively, suggesting that these filtered solutions can be used for controlling invasive plants, being an ecologically friendly alternative for the reduction of the herbicides use and for protecting the environment
Plantas invasoras causam problemas à exploração da agricultura mundial, e o controle químico dessas plantas tem gerado diversos problemas ambientais, como contaminação de recursos naturais, comprometimento da qualidade de alimentos, intoxicação de agricultores, resistência de plantas invasoras, entre outros desequilíbrios. Uma das alternativas para reduzir o uso de agrotóxicos é a utilização do controle alternativo, empregando fungos fitopatogênicos que produzem uma variedade de compostos secundários em meio de cultivo, os quais exibem atividade fitotóxica. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a atividade alelopática do filtrado de cultura produzido por fungos fitopatogênicos que atacam a soja (Fusarium solani e Macrophomina phaseolina) e o milho (Fusarium graminearum e Diplodia maydis). Foram avaliados os efeitos in vitro dos filtrados fúngicos, nas concentrações de 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 e 20%, sobre a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de radícula e hipocótilo de buva (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.), picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.) e amendoim bravo (Euphorbia heterophylla L.). Também foi testado este efeito sobre as plantas cultivadas (soja e milho). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com vinte e um tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão polinomial. Os resultados indicaram que o filtrado de cultura de Fusarium solani apresentou efeitos negativos sobre buva, picão-preto e amendoim bravo sem afetar negativamente a soja. Diplodia maydis proporcionou redução de crescimento de buva e amendoim bravo sem causar prejuízo à cultura do milho. Finalmente, o filtrado de Macrophomina phaseolina diminuiu o crescimento de plântulas de amendoim bravo sem afetar negativamente o milho, sugerindo que esses filtrados possam ser utilizados para controle das plantas invasoras em questão como alternativa ecologicamente correta na redução do consumo de herbicidas e na proteção ao ambiente
6
Murayama, Takako. "Suppressive effects of Aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrates on human alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes". Kyoto University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202229.
Testo completo
7
Becerra-Celis, Giuliana Isambert Arsène. "Proposition de stratégies de commande pour la culture de microalgue dans un photobioréacteur continu". S. l. : Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://theses.abes.fr/2009ECAP0014.
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8
Lévesque, Vicky. "Potentiel des marais filtrants à traiter les effluents de serre issus d'une culture de tomate". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28453/28453.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce projet vise à améliorer l’efficacité des marais à éliminer les éléments minéraux présents dans les effluents provenant de cultures de tomates hors sol. Selon nos résultats, les ssh végétalisés de Typha latifolia et combinés avec un apport en carbone ont rendu plus efficace le traitement des effluents de cultures en serre. De plus, parmi les trois types de marais à l’étude (ssh, ssv et sh), les ssh semblent être les mieux adaptés pour traiter des effluents très chargés en éléments minéraux. Toutefois, les émissions de GES ne sont pas à négliger dans les ssh. Afin d’accroître la performance de traitement en terme de charge polluante ionique, des marais en série devraient être utilisés. Selon l’un de nos essais, le traitement des effluents par trois ssv en série a éliminé efficacement les différents minéraux en dessous de la limite permise au Québec.
9
Pelletier, François. "Mise au point d'observateurs d'état pour le suivi de cultures de cellules animales". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL135N.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’objectif de ce travail est l'élaboration d'outils d'estimation d'état simples d'emploi pour l'évaluation de la composition des milieux de culture cellulaires. La première partie concerne le développement d'un nouvel estimateur appelé observateur à base de bilans de matière construit sur le principe de l'observateur asymptotique. Il peut être appliqué à n'importe quel type de culture. Il ne nécessite aucun réglage. La possibilité de prendre en compte certaines lois cinétiques connues permet de le faire fonctionner avec un nombre restreint de mesures. La seconde partie traite de la mise au point d'une nouvelle variante du filtre de Kalman, le filtre de Kalman auto-ajustable. Le réglage du filtre de Kalman est délicat et peut conduire à des problèmes de stabilité de l'erreur d'estimation et de convergence des valeurs estimées vers les valeurs réelles. Le filtre de Kalman auto-ajustable assura la stabilité des erreurs d'estimations avec un nombre réduit de réglages. Les deux nouveaux observateurs ont été appliqués à trois cultures d'hybridomes productrices d'anticorps monoclonaux. À partir de deux mesures expérimentales (glucose et lactate déshydrogénase ou ammoniaque et lactate déshydrogénase), la composition du milieu de culture est évaluée par les deux techniques. L’observateur à base de bilans de matière a donné de bons résultats et ceux obtenus avec le filtre de Kalman auto-ajustable sont acceptables tant que l'on ne sort pas du domaine de validité du modèle
10
Dildey, Omari Dangelo Forlin. "Indução de resistência a antracnose do feijoeiro por frações de filtrato de cultura e extrato de micélio de Trichoderma longibrachiatum". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3197.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study aimed to purify by chromatography elicitors from Trichoderma longibrachiatum culture filtrate and mycelium extract and to test them in phytoalexin phaseolin inducing and resistance induced to anthracnose in common bean. The sodium phosphate buffer at 0.05 M (SPB) was used as the control treatment and the ASM (Acibenzolar-S-Metil) was used as the standard induction treatment. Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC) and Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC) were performed to separate fractions with eliciting power from the culture filtrate (CF) and T. longibrachiatum mycelium extract (TME). For the purification of elicitors by IEC, from GFC, it were obtained one glycidic and five glycoproteins fractions, totaling six fractions. For purification from TME, it were obtained three protein, one glycidic and two glycoproteins fractions, totaling six fractions. In both, were obtained twelve fractions from IEC. These, in turn, were purified in GFC, being obtained a total of thirty seven fractions. Among these, there were fourteen fractions of TME were classified according to their nature, being three proteins, two glycogen and nine glycoproteins. There were twenty-three fractions from TME, wich were classified according to their nature, being four proteins, nine glycogen and ten glycoproteins. Of the fractions purified in CFG from FTC and TME, eight presented phaseolin inducer potential (F17, F23, F25, F27, F31, F38 and F46). The 10 treatments consisted of the eight fractions and two controls: ASM and control (TAP). Treatments were applied in one of the primary leaves (treated leaf (TL)), and the other primary leaf was not treated (untreated leaf (UL)) to verify the systemic effect. Three leaf samples were taken for determination of enzymatic activity: before applying the fractions, after application of the fractions and after the pathogen inoculation. The defense enzyme analysis was performed for Peroxidase (POX), Polyphenoloxidase (PFO), Catalase (CAT), Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and β-1,3-glucanase (β-GASE). At the end, it was performed an evaluation of severity in the primary leaf of common bean, on the fifth day after inoculation. The in vivo test data were subjected to analysis of variance. The purification of samples from FTC and EXM of T. longibrachiatum, from IEC and GFC indicated fractions with the presence of eliciting molecules. The fractions F17, F23 and F25 from FTC and F27, F29, F31, F38 and F46 from EXM were able to induce phaseolin synthesis in common bean hypocotyls. The POX, PFO and β-GASE Increased when applied in the TL after application of the fractions and after inoculation of the pathogen. The fractions did not alter CAT and FAL enzymatic activity. The fractions F17, F23 and F27 reduced the anthracnose severity in the local effect.
O trabalho teve por objetivo purificar por cromatografia moléculas eliciadoras a partir de filtrado de cultura e extrato de micélio de Trichoderma longibrachiatum e testá-las na indução de fitoalexina faseolina e com potencial indutor de resistência contra antracnose no feijoeiro. O tampão fosfato de sódio 0,05 M (TAP) foi utilizado como tratamento controle e ASM (Acibenzolar-S-Metil) foi utilizado como tratamento padrão de indução. Cromatografia de troca iônica (CTI) e cromatografia de filtração em gel (CFG) foram realizadas para separar frações com poder eliciador a partir de filtrado de cultura (FTC) e extrato de micélio (EXM) de T. longibrachiatum. Para a purificação de eliciadores por CTI, a partir de FTC, foram obtidos uma fração glicídica e cinco glicoproteicas, total de seis frações. Para a purificação a partir de EXM, forma obtidos três frações proteicas, uma glicídica e duas glicoproteicas, total de seis frações, em ambos foi totalizado doze frações obtidas por CTI. Estas, por sua vez, foram purificadas em CFG, sendo obtidos um total de trinta e sete frações. Entre essas, quatorze frações para FTC, as mesmas foram classificadas de acordo com sua natureza, sendo três proteicas, duas glicídicas e nove glicoproteicas. E vinte e três frações para EXM, as mesmas foram classificadas com sua natureza, sendo quatro proteicas, nove glicídicas e dez glicoproteicas. Das frações purificadas na CFG a partir de FTC e EXM, oito apresentaram potencial indutor de faseolina (F17, F23, F25, F27, F31, F38 e F46. Os 10 tratamentos constituíram de oito frações e dois controles: ASM e controle (TAP). Foram aplicados os tratamentos em uma das folhas primária (folha tratada (FT)), sendo que outra folha primária não recebeu tratamento (folha não tratada (FNT)) para verificar o efeito sistêmico. Foram realizadas três coletas de folhas para determinação da atividade enzimática, antes da aplicação das frações, depois da aplicação das frações e coleta após a inoculação do patógeno. Foi realizada análise enzimática (peroxidase (POX), polifenoloxidase (PFO), catalase (CAT), fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL) e β-1,3-glucanase (β-GASE)) e ao final, realizada avaliação de severidade no quinto dia após a inoculação da folha primária de feijoeiro. A purificação de amostras provenientes de FTC e EXM de T. longibrachiatum, por CTI e CFG indicaram frações com presença de moléculas eliciadoras. As frações F17, F23 e F25 de origem FTC e F27, F29, F31, F38 e F46 de origem EXM foram capazes de induzir a síntese de faseolina em hipocótilos de feijoeiro. A atividade de POX, PFO e β-GASE aumentou quando aplicado na FT após a aplicação das frações e após a inoculação do patógeno. As frações não alteraram a atividade enzimática de CAT e FAL. As frações F17, F23 e F27 reduziram a severidade da antracnose no efeito local.
11
Flores, Patrícia Silva. "Filtrado de culturas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae e ácido fusárico na seleção in vitro de maracujazeiro amarelo". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2008. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7890.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Apesar de o Brasil ser o maior produtor mundial de maracujá, a produtividade nacional é muito baixa. A incidência de várias doenças nos pomares de maracujá, aliada à inexistência de cultivares resistentes, tem contribuído para a redução da área plantada. Dentre as doenças que afetam a cultura, destaca-se a murcha de Fusarium que é causada pelo fungo Fusarium oxysporum. A seleção in vitro de plantas resistentes a espécies de Fusarium utilizando toxinas fúngicas como agentes seletivos tem sido descrita com êxito para várias espécies. Assim, no presente trabalho foram realizadas adaptações das metodologias de seleção in vitro utilizadas em outras espécies para obtenção de plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo insensíveis à fusariose. Para tanto, foram estabelecidos protocolos para a micropropagação de plantas do maracujazeiro-amarelo através de explantes de segmentos nodais utilizando-se doses de BAP (1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mg L-1) e água de coco (0, 5 e 10 % v/v) suplementados ao meio de cultura MS. Foram avaliados os efeitos de doses de ácido fusárico na germinação de sementes (0; 0,10; 0,20; 0,30 e 0,40 mM) e no desenvolvimento de plantas (0,0; 0,10; 0,20 e 0,30 mM), in vitro. As plantas insensíveis ao ácido fusárico selecionadas foram então submetidas a doses do filtrado de um isolado do fungo (0, 20, 30, 40 ou 50 % (v/v)) para verificação da correlação das reações das plantas aos dois agentes seletivos. Após, as plantas selecionadas foram transferidas para substrato composto de areia autoclavada contendo a suspensão de esporos do fungo e mantidas em câmara de crescimento para avaliação da resistência das plantas in vivo. Foram testadas também doses de radiação gama (0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45 e 60 Gy) para obtenção de variantes em segmentos nodais de P. edulis f. flavicarpa sob condições in vitro e analisados os efeitos da radiação sobre o incremento da resistência de P. edulis f. flavicarpa ao fungo. O meio de cultura suplementado com 1 mgL-1 de BAP foi o mais adequado para a micropropagação de plantas de Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa a partir de explantes de segmentos nodais. O ácido fusárico e o filtrado da cultura fúngica foram eficientes na seleção de genótipos de maracujazeiro-amarelo insensíveis ao fungo. Recomenda-se a dose de radiação gama de 20 Gy para obtenção de variantes mutantes de maracujazeiro-amarelo a partir de segmentos nodais. Através da radiação com raios gama foi possível obter plantas de maracujazeiro-amarelo insensíveis às toxinas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae, in vitro.
Although Brazil is the largest producer of passionfruit in world, the national productivity is very low. The incidence of several diseases in the passion fruit orchards, as well as the inexistence of resistant cultivars have been contributing for reduction in the planted area. Among the diseases affecting the crop, the Fusarium wilting caused by the Fusarium oxysporum fungus is distinguished. The in vitro selection of plants that are resistant to Fusarium species, by using fungous toxins as selective agents has been successfully described for several species. So, some adaptations were accomplished in the in vitro selection methodologies used in other species for obtainment of the yellow passionfruit plants that are tolerant to fusariosis. So, protocols for the micropropagation of the yellow passionfruit plants through explants of nodal segments, by using some BAP doses (1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mg L-1) and coconut water (0, 5 and 10% v/v) supplemented to the MS culture medium. The effects of the fusaric acid doses (0,0; 0,10; 0,20 and 0,30mM) were evaluated either on seed germination and the plant development in vitro. Then, the selected plants that were tolerant to the fusaric acid were submitted to filtrate doses of one isolate of the fungus (0, 20, 30, 40 or 50% (v/v)) in order to verify the correlation of the plant reactions to both selective agents. Following, the selected plants were transferred to the substratum composed by autoclaved sand containing the suspension of the fungus spores and were kept in growth chamber for evaluation of the resistance of the plants in vivo. The gamma-radiation doses (0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45 and 60 Gy) were also tested for obtaining the variants in nodal segments of P. edulis f. flavicarpa under in vitro conditions, and the effects from radiation on the increase of the P. edulis f. flavicarpa resistance to the fungus. The culture medium supplemented with 1 mgL-1 BAP was most appropriate to micropropagation of the Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa plants from the explants of nodal segments. The fusaric acid and the fungus culture filtrate were efficient in selecting the yellow passionfruit genotypes that were insensible to the fungus. The gamma radiation dose of 20 Gy is recommended for obtaining the mutants of the yellow passionfruit mutants from the nodal segments. Through radiation with gamma rays, it was possible to obtaining in vitro the yellow passionfruit plants that were insensible to the toxins of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae.
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Rocha, Jéssica Raimundo da. "Estudo da evolução metabólica do filtrado da cultura e 5-metilmeleina em micélio do fungo endofítico Phomopsis sp". Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/2565.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Endophytic microorganisms are important sources of bioactive compounds and have been widely studied due to the properties that their metabolites have. Compared to the host plants are easier handling in the laboratory. From the Phomopsis sp fungus genus have been isolated compounds with different biological activities. The investigation of the metabolites, whether primary or secondary, present in the filtrate of culture is of utmost importance. The metabolomic study of Phomopsis sp can lead to understanding of the production pathways of the metabolites of interest. The objective of the present work was to trace the metabolic profile of the filtrate from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp., An isolate of Syzygium jambolanum DC, through the consumption of dextrose as a source of carbon and energy for 6 weeks of culture using the 1H NMR With water signal suppression by NOESY 1D. In addition, liquid column chromatography and thin layer chromatography were performed in order to isolate compounds from organic mycelium extract. The analyzes had the help of MatLab® software
for data normalization. Thus, it was possible to trace the metabolic profile of Phomopsis sp., cultivated under conditions of hypoxia, and verify the occurrence of reductive routes such as alcoholic fermentation and reductive Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle. It was also possible to observe the intensification of yellow pigmentation, characteristic of this genus of fungus, from the fourth week of cultivation, which is the period most of the primary metabolites are no longer present. By means of NMR experiments it was possible to elucidate a structure of a substance isolated from the chloroform extract of the fungus dry mycelium, 5-methylmethane. Based on these results, it can be inferred that, under these conditions, the microorganism studied performs alcoholic fermentation throughout the culture. It was also verified the occurrence of the reductive Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in the cytosol until the third week of culture and, after this period, from the fourth week the secondary metabolism is intensified. It is the first time that the
secondary metabolite 5-methylmeleina is isolated from this genus of endophytic.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Microrganismos endofíticos, que são importantes fontes de compostos bioativos, vêm sendo amplamente estudados devido às propriedades que seus metabólitos apresentam e, em comparação com as plantas hospedeiras, são de mais fácil manipulação em laboratório. Visto que do gênero de fungo endofítico Phomopsis já foram isolados compostos com diferentes atividades biológicas, a investigação dos metabólitos, sejam eles primários ou secundários, presentes no filtrado de sua cultura é de extrema importância. O estudo metabolômico de Phomopsis sp. pode levar ao entendimento das vias de produção dos metabólitos de interesse. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo traçar o perfil metabólico do filtrado da cultura do fungo endofítico Phomopsis sp., um isolado de Syzygium jambolanum DC, através do consumo da dextrose como fonte de carbono e energia durante 6 semanas de cultivo utilizando a técnica de RMN 1H com supressão do sinal da água por NOESY 1D. O enfoque do estudo é. Além disso, foram realizadas cromatografia líquida em coluna e cromatografia em camada delgada com o intuito de isolar compostos a partir de extrato orgânico do micélio. As análises estatísticas tiveram o auxílio dos softwares MatLab® para normalização e quantificação relativa dos dados. Assim, foi possível traçar o perfil metabólico de Phomopsis sp, cultivado em condições de hipóxia, e constatar a ocorrência de rotas redutivas, tais como fermentação alcoólica e Ciclo dos Ácidos Tricarboxílicos redutivo. Também foi possível observar a intensificação da pigmentação amarela, característica desse gênero de fungo, a partir da quarta semana de cultivo, período este que a maioria dos metabólitos primários já não se fazem mais presentes. Através de experimentos de RMN foi possível elucidar a estrutura de uma substância isolada do extrato em clorofórmio do micélio seco do fungo, a 5-metilmeleina. Com base nesses resultados, pode-se inferir que, sob estas condições, o microrganismo estudado realiza fermentação alcoólica durante todo o cultivo. Também foi verificada a ocorrência do Ciclo dos Ácidos Tricarboxílicos redutivo no citosol até a terceira semana de cultivo e, após esse período, a partir da quarta semana o metabolismo secundário é intensificado. É a primeira vez que o metabólito secundário 5-metilmeleina é isolado desse gênero de endofítico.
13
Hasson-Mouchel, Virginie. "Étude des impacts toxicologiques d'émissions de moteur Diesel en cycle réglementaire : influence de la régénération du filtre à particules et de la qualité du carburant". Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La qualité de l'air est en plein cœur des préoccupations des populations en termes de santé et d'environnement. Le trafic automobile est une des principales sources d'émission de polluants d'origine anthropique. Pour diminuer l'impact sanitaire et environnemental, différentes réglementations ont été mises en place (norme Euro, incorporation de biocarburant…). Les constructeurs ont donc développé différentes stratégies de post-traitement et notamment le filtre à particule. Cependant ce filtre va progressivement s'obstruer, il est alors nécessaire de le nettoyer par la combustion des suies : c’est la phase de régénération. Notre travail a donc consisté à développer un outil biologique capable d'évaluer en cycle réglementaire (NEDC) l'impact biologique d'émissions Diesel et notamment l'impact de la phase de régénération mais également de l'incorporation d'un biocarburant. Nos expériences réalisées sur des émissions issues d'un carburant homologué et d'un biocarburant en présence ou non d'une phase de régénération n'ont pas permis d'observer de différences d'émissions au niveau des polluants réglementés et non réglementés. Cependant le profil de réponse biologique varie en fonction du carburant utilisé et en présence ou non d'une phase de régénération d'un filtre à particules. Le carburant homologué induit un impact toxique limité tandis que le carburant alternatif induit un impact oxydant modéré. La présence d'une phase de régénération ne modifie pas le profil de réponse avec le carburant homologué tandis qu'avec le carburant alternatif nous avons observé un stress oxydant majeur ainsi qu'une perte de viabilité. In vivo, avec le carburant alternatif en présence ou non d'une phase de régénération les défenses anti-oxydantes ont permis de compenser les agressions, il n'a pas été observé de différence de réponses en présence ou non d'une phase de régénération. En conclusion, nous avons développé un outil discriminant capable d'évaluer l'impact biologique des émissions à l'échappement en cycle réglementaire. Nos résultats montrent que la seule mesure des polluants réglementés ne permet pas d'appréhender pleinement l'impact sanitaire des atmosphères complexesThe quality of air is right in the centre of population concerns in terms of health and environment. Motorized traffic is one of the main production sources of anthropogenic origin of atmospheric pollution. To reduce health and environmental impact different regulations were set up (Euro norms, biodiesel blending). To answer these norms the constructors developed different strategies and notably some post-treatment systems among which we can name the Diesel particle filter. However this filter is progressively going to become obstructed, it is necessary to clean it by the soot combustion : it's the regeneration. Therefore, our work consisted in developing a biological tool for assessing in regulation cycle (NEDC) the toxicological impact of Diesel and particularly the impact of regeneration but also the of a biodiesel. Our experiments accomplished on Diesel exhaust of an approved Diesel and a biodiesel in presence with or without regeneration did not allow to notice difference of the pollutant level : regulated and not regulated pollutants. However the biological answer varies according to used Diesel and with or without regeneration of Diesel particulate filter. Approved Diesel exhausts induce a restricted toxic impact while biodiesel leads to a moderate oxidative stress. The presence of regeneration does not change the answer with approved combustible while biodiesel we noticed a major oxidative stress as well as a loss of viability. In vivo, with biodiesel in presence or not of regeneration anti-oxidizing defences allowed to compensate attacks, it was not noticed difference of answers in presence or not of regeneration. To conclude, we developed a discriminating tool able of assessing the biological impact of Diesel exhaust in regulation cycle. Our results show that the only one measure of regulated pollutants do not allow to understand completely the health impact of complex atmosphere
14
Mailly, Emmanuel. "Culture d'hybridomes en réacteur agité : études cinétiques, modélisation et estimateurs mathématiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL014N.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Avec l'objectif général d'optimiser et de contrôler les procédés de culture de cellules animales, une étude de culture d'hybridomes en réacteurs agités a été réalisée en trois étapes : 1) Des études cinétiques permettant de caractériser les grands traits du métabolisme cellulaire dont l'influence de l'osmolarité et l'utilisation de marqueurs physiologiques, et procurant des données quantitatives sur la souche utilisée ont été effectuées. 2) Un modèle cinétique décrivant l'évolution de la composition du milieu et de la densité cellulaire applicable aux modes continu et discontinu a été réalisée. 3) L’évaluation de la composition du milieu et de la densité cellulaire a été effectuée en couplant ce modèle à des techniques d'estimation mathématique telles que le Filtre de Kalman Etendu. L'application des méthodes ainsi développées constitue une étape indispensable pour le développement futur des stratégies de commande et d'optimisation des réacteurs de cellules animalesWith the general objective of animal cell culture processes improvement, a study of hybridoma cultures in stirred bioreactor is realized following three steps : 1)Kinetic studies allowing the determination of the main metabolic schemes including the osmolality influence and the use of LDH as a cellular death physiological marker are made to give quantitative data on the studied strain. 2) A kinetic model describing medium composition and cell density evolutions usable in batch and continuous cultures is determined. 3) Medium composition and cell density evaluations from the measurement of one or two variables are realized coupling the model to mathematical estimation techniques like Extended Kalman Filter. The application of such methods is a prerequisite for further development of animal cell culture command strategies and reactor optimization
15
Candido, Camila. "Cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris em vinhaça convencional e biodigerida tratadas : uma abordagem ecofisiológica". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Vinasse is a waste of sugarcane industry and, due to the presence of organic matter and mineral nutrients, it has been used for the irrigation of the sugarcane crops. However, its composition limits such application due to soil salinization. The anaerobic fermentation of vinasse generates biogas that is used as energy source in the sugarcane industry itself. The fermented vinasse results in biodigested vinasse. The development of techniques for residue use can contribute to cleaner production systems. In this research, we evaluated treated conventional and biodigested vinasses for the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. The treatment consisted of filtering the vinasses through smectite clay and activated carbon, or centrifugation. Concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% of treated vinasses were tested. Cell density, absorbance at 570 nm, pH and electrolyte conductivity were quantified daily in a six day experiment. Based in cell density, specific growth rates were calculated. Growth rates higher than the controls were obtained in 60% conventional filtered vinasse and 10% conventional centrifuged one, as well as in 80% biodigested filtered vinasse and 20% biodigested centrifuged vinasse. In general, the filtered vinasse was superior in relation to the centrifuged one regarding higher residue concentration that supported microalgae growth. After microalgae acclimation we evaluated the photosynthetic performance of C. vulgaris in the best vinasses conditions and the biochemical composition of the biomass present in the vinasse, which besides the microalgae contained other microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, since it was not sterilized. Specific growth rate for C. vulgaris in 60% filtered conventional vinasse was 1.6 d-1 and 1.5 d-1 in the 80% filtered biodigested vinasse, representing increases of up to 84 x in cell density compared to the initial. In the LC Oligo control the growth rate was ~ 0.9 d-1 and in the BG11 it was 1,1 d-1. Although the better C. vulgaris growth in the treated vinasses, photosynthetic efficiency and its related parameters were better in the control than in the vinasses. These results together with those of chlorophyll a concentration suggest that the microalgae have possibly used a mixotrophic metabolism while in the vinasses. We observed higher biomass accumulation in the vinasses than in the controls. A reduction of total dissolved organic carbon and dissolved mineral elements up to 50%, as well as bacteria and fungi, were detected in the vinasse after microalgae growth. This study is a contribution to the knowledge of microalgae physiology in a residue and to the development of cleaner ethanol production system.
A vinhaça é um resíduo da indústria sucroalcooleira que, devido à presença de matéria orgânica e nutrientes minerais, tem sido utilizada para fertirrigação das próprias culturas de cana-deaçúcar. Porém, a composição desse resíduo limita sua aplicação no solo, pois pode levá-lo à salinização. A fermentação anaeróbia da vinhaça gera biogás que é usado como fonte de energia para a própria usina. Essa fermentação resulta na vinhaça biodigerida. Técnicas que permitam utilizar as vinhaças, convencionais ou biodigeridas, contribuem para um sistema de produção mais limpo e rentável. Propusemos nesta pesquisa, avaliar o uso de vinhaça tratada. Para tanto usamos vinhaça convencional e biodigerida, filtradas em argila esmectita e carvão ativado, ou centrifugadas. Nelas cultivamos Chlorella vulgaris (BEYERINCK, 1890). As vinhaças tratadas foram testadas em concentrações de 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 100%. Avaliamos diariamente a densidade celular, absorbância em 570 nm, pH e condutividade eletrolítica ao longo de seis dias. Com os resultados de densidade celular, calculamos as taxas de crescimento para cada tratamento. Os melhores crescimentos se deram em vinhaça convencional filtrada 60% e centrifugada 10% e, em vinhaça biodigerida filtrada 80% e centrifugada 20%. Em geral, as vinhaças filtradas suportaram o crescimento das microalgas em concentrações superiores em relação às centrifugadas. A produção de biomassa foi maior nos filtrados em comparação com centrifugados. Após aclimatação da microalga em vinhaça avaliaram-se os parâmetros fotossintéticos e bioquímicos da biomassa produzida em vinhaça biodigerida filtrada 80% e em vinhaça convencional centrifugada 60%. Taxas de crescimento específicas de C. vulgaris de 1,6 d-1 foram obtidas na vinhaça filtrada convencional 60% e 1,5 d-1 na biodigerida filtrada 80%, representando aumentos de até 84 x nas densidades celulares em relação às iniciais. No controle LC Oligo esse valor foi de 0,9 d-1 e no BG11 foi de 1,1 d-1. Apesar do melhor crescimento algal nas vinhaças, a eficiência fotossintética e os parâmetros relacionados foram melhores no controle do que nas vinhaças. Esses resultados sugerem que a microalga na vinhaça possa ter utilizado a via mixotrófica como fonte de carbono. Observou-se que houve maior acúmulo de biomassa nos cultivos em vinhaça do que nos controles. Houve redução do conteúdo de carbono orgânico total dissolvido e de elementos minerais na vinhaça em até 50%, bem como da contaminação por fungos e bactérias ao final dos cultivos. Este estudo é uma contribuição para o conhecimento da fisiologia de microalgas em resíduos e para o desenvolvimento de uma produção de etanol mais sustentável.
16
Lucena, Sérgio. "Commande non linéaire d'un réacteur biologique semi-continu de production de levures". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL143N.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La principale motivation de ce travail est l'étude de l'application de la commande non linéaire géométrique à un réacteur biologique pour la production de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ce procédé conduit en mode semi-continu possède un comportement extrêmement non linéaire. Pour l'application de la commande, un modèle mathématique du procédé est nécessaire ; dans ce but, on utilise un modèle physiologique pour la croissance de la levure. Le modèle décrit les trois phases de production de la biomasse qui sont: la fermentation du glucose, la respiration de l'éthanol et la respiration du glucose. Le procédé fonctionne d'abord en mode discontinu, en boucle ouverte, puis en mode semi-continu, en boucle fermée. Les deux techniques de commande non linéaire géométrique, la linéarisation exacte entrée/sortie et la linéarisation exacte entrée/état, ont été appliquées à la poursuite d'une trajectoire de référence. La sortie considérée est la concentration en glucose dans le réacteur. Ces techniques de commande sont basées sur la connaissance de toutes les variables d'état du procédé. Dans notre cas, tous les états ne sont pas disponibles comme mesures et l'utilisation d'un observateur d'état a été indispensable. Le filtre de Kalman étendu (EKF) a été utilisé dans sa version continue/discrète. Pour l'application de l'EKF, trois stratégies ont été développées pour tenir compte de différentes périodes d'échantillonnage et de retards des variables de mesures disponibles. Les résultats ont été obtenus par simulation et par expérimentation. L’implantation sur un bioréacteur pilote a été effectuée et la technique de commande non linéaire a montré en général d'excellents résultats
17
Becerra-Celis, Giuliana. "Proposition de stratégies de commande pour la culture de microalgues dans un photobioréacteur continu". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426695.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse porte sur la commande d'un photobioréacteur continu pour la culture des microalgues. La modélisation du système et l'identification des paramètres du modèle ont été particulièrement abordées. Les paramètres cinétiques et de transfert de l'énergie lumineuse ont été obtenus à partir des données acquises le long de la phase exponentielle de la culture de Porphyridium purpureum en mode batch sous différentes conditions expérimentales dans un photobioréacteur de 2,5 litres. La concentration en biomasse est la quantité physique la plus importante à réguler. Puisque elle n'est pas toujours facile à mesurer en ligne, un capteur logiciel permettant d'estimer la quantité de biomasse produite à partir des mesures en ligne est proposé. Il s'agit d'un filtre de Kalman étendu (EKF) qui combine le modèle du système avec la mesure de la concentration du carbone inorganique total et d'autres variables physiques (pH, intensité lumineuse,...) afin d'estimer en ligne la concentration de la biomasse. Ce capteur logiciel a été validé expérimentalement en utilisant un nouveau photobioréacteur de 9,6 litres de type colonne à bulles, équipé de plusieurs dispositifs destinés à mettre en place un système de commande et de régulation, et de techniques de mesure permettant d'accéder à l'évolution des principales variables. Plusieurs démarches pour la commande de la culture de microalgues ont été également proposées : commande non-linéaire et linéaire, régulation par PID, commande par modèle générique GMC, commande linéarisante par retour d'état et commande prédictive non-linéaire. Ces différentes commandes ont été mises oeuvre en simulation ce qui nous a permis de choisir les stratégies les plus performantes et de les valider sur le photobioréacteur instrumenté.
18
Becerra-Celis, Giuliana. "Proposition de stratégies de commande pour la culture de microalgue dans un photobioréacteur continu". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0014/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse porte sur la commande d’un photobioréacteur continu pour la culture des microalgues. La modélisation du système et l’identification des paramètres du modèle ont été particulièrement abordées. Les paramètres cinétiques et de transfert de l’énergie lumineuse ont été obtenus à partir des données acquises le long de la phase exponentielle de la culture de Porphyridium purpureum en mode batch sous différentes conditions expérimentales dans un photobioréacteur de 2,5 litres. La concentration en biomasse est la quantité physique la plus importante à réguler. Puisque elle n’est pas toujours facile à mesurer en ligne, un capteur logiciel permettant d’estimer la quantité de biomasse produite à partir des mesures en ligne est proposé. Il s’agit d’un filtre de Kalman étendu (EKF) qui combine le modèle du système avec la mesure de la concentration du carbone inorganique total et d’autres variables physiques (pH, intensité lumineuse,…) afin d’estimer en ligne la concentration de la biomasse. Ce capteur logiciel a été validé expérimentalement en utilisant un nouveau photobioréacteur de 9,6 litres de type colonne à bulles, équipé de plusieurs dispositifs destinés à mettre en place un système de commande et de régulation, et de techniques de mesure permettant d’accéder à l’évolution des principales variables. Plusieurs démarches pour la commande de la culture de microalgues ont été également proposées : commande non-linéaire et linéaire, régulation par PID, commande par modèle générique GMC, commande linéarisante par retour d’état et commande prédictive non-linéaire. Ces différentes commandes ont été mises oeuvre en simulation ce qui nous a permis de choisir les stratégies les plus performantes et de les valider sur le photobioréacteur instrumentéThis thesis deals with the control of closed microalgal photobioreactor. Mathematical modeling and model parameters identification are particularly approached. The kinetics and light transfer model parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental data acquired along the exponential phase of batch cultivation of Porphyridium purpureum under different conditions in the photobioreactor (2.5 liters). Biomass is one of the most valuable variables to control. Because biomass concentration is very difficult to measure on-line, a software sensor for its estimation is proposed. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is developed, based on a dynamic process model in combination with total inorganic carbon measurement within an algorithm of state observation. This software sensor leads to good results and was experimentally validated in a new bubble column photobioreactor (9.6 liters) which carried different probes and sensors necessary to implement a control system. Several control strategies for microalgae culture were also proposed: non-linear and linear controllers, PID controller, generic model controller (GMC), input-output linerarizing controller and non-linear predictive controller. We illustrated our approaches with numerical simulations which allowed us to choose the most successful strategies and to validate them on the instrumented photobioreactor
19
Daboussy, Moemen. "Modélisation et estimation d'une culture de Chlamydomonas reinhardtii en photobioréacteur en vue de commande pour la production d'hydrogène". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le travail porte sur l’analyse d’un modèle de croissance d’une culture de microalgue Chlamydomonas reinhardtii en vue de l’estimation pour la commande d’un photobioréacteur pour de la production d’hydrogène. Le modèle permet de prédire efficacement l’évolution de la culture dans des conditions menant à la production d’hydrogène et il est adapté à une stratégie d’estimation et de commande. Dans un premier temps, une étude d’identifiabilité pratique des paramètres a été menée en mettant en oeuvre les fonctions de sensibilité, afin de définir les paramètres ayant une influence prépondérante sur le modèle de croissance. Les paramètres les plus influents obtenus lors de la première étape ont été identifiés à partir d’une base de données expérimentale ; le modèle ainsi obtenu a été ensuite validé. Dans un deuxième temps, une étude d’observabilité a été menée, suivie par la mise en oeuvre d’un filtre de Kalman étendu, couplant le modèle à une mesure indirecte de biomasse, obtenue à partir des mesures en lignes disponibles, à savoir le débit et la composition du gaz (CO2 et O2) en sortie du photobioréacteur. Une validation expérimentale du capteur logiciel a été réalisée sur un photobioréacteur torique. Enfin, des perspectives de commande ont été proposéesThis work deals with the mathematical analysis of a growth model for the culture of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in photobioreactor, with the view to control the hydrogen production. The model is able to predict accurately the evolution of the culture therefore it is appropriate for estimation and control strategies. First, a study on the practical identifiability of the model parameters was performed by implementing the sensitivity functions in order to define the parameters that preponderantly influence the growth model. The most significant parameters obtained during the first stage have been identified on an experimental data base, and then the model has been experimentally validated. In the second phase, an observability analysis has been carried out, followed by the implementation of an extended Kalman filter, coupling the model with indirect measurement of the biomass concentration from available on-line data: flow rate and gas composition (i. E. O2 and CO2) at the outlet of the photobioreactor. An experimental validation of the software sensor was performed in a torus photobioreactor. At the end, perspective control strategies aiming to regulate the relevant variables of the process have been proposed
20
Ogusuku, Soraya. "Avaliação da resposta linfoproliferativa de pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose e indivíduos curados a antígenos de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis: filtrado de cultura, gp43 e gp43 tratada com metaperiodato". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-29042009-145526/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A Paracoccidioidomicose é micose sistêmica causada pelo fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, endêmico na América Latina, especialmente Brasil. Para melhor avaliarmos a resposta imune celular frente a diferentes componentes do fungo, como gp43, considerada o antígeno imunodominante de P. brasiliensis, filtrado de cultura livre de gp43 (Filtrado), e gp43 tratada com metaperiodato (meta), utilizamos os ensaios de linfoproliferação e ELISA para detecção das citocinas IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 e IFN-. Os resultados com relação à gp43 corroboram dados da literatura e de nosso laboratório demonstrando que gp43 é o antígeno imunodominante do fungo e pode estar envolvido no mecanismo de anergia dos linfócitos T de pacientes com a micose ativa. Com o Filtrado observamos respostas linfoproliferativas positivas, porém menores que com gp43, também evidenciando a anergia de linfócitos T de pacientes, e a indução de IL-10 em células de controles curados, podendo representar assim um mecanismo de imunossupressão. Com relação à meta, esta não induziu resposta linfoproliferativa nem a síntese de citocinas, sugerindo não ser um antígeno apropriado para esse tipo de avaliação.Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, endemic in latin América, specially Brazil. To better understand the cellular immune responses to different components of the yeast, such as gp43, considered the immunodominant antigen, a culture filtrate free of gp43 (CF), and gp43 treated with metaperiodate, we used lymphoproliferative assays and ELISA to detect the cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 e IFN-. The results with gp43 were consistent with the literature and previous with data from our Laboratory showing that gp43 is the immunodominant antigen of P. brasiliensis and is likely involved with the anergy of T-cells from patients. With CF we observed positive, but weaker, proliferative responses. It also evidenced the T-cell anergy of patients and the preferential induction of IL-10 in cells from cured controls. The latter can represent a mechanism of anergy induction. With meta, we observed that neither induce proliferative responses nor cytokine secretion, being apparently an inappropriate antigen for use in cellular immunoassays.
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VASCONCELOS, JUNIOR Arioldo Carvalho. "Análise da resposta imune celular de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar ativa contra os antígenos recombinantes MPT-51, GLcB, ESAT-6, Ag 85A e a proteína do filtrado de cultura (CFP) de mycobacterium tuberculosis". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1818.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-21This work characterized the specific cellular immune response of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes against recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the Hospital Anuar Auad, Goiania Brazil, and constituted of two experimental groups: 1) 22 active TB patients with positive acid fast aputum, X-ray indicative of tuberculosis, smear culture positive for M. tuberculosis and HIV negative. 2) 15 sex and age matched healthy controls, tuberculin skin test and HIV negative. Venous blood was drawn and processed to obtain PBMC that were cultivated for 96 hours with the specific antigens (1mg/106 cells). TCD8 and TCD4 cells were analyzed by flow citometry for IL-10 and IFN-g production. In general, the percentage of positive TCD4 and TCD8 cells for IFN-g and IL-10 were superior among the TB patients. Additionally, TCD4+IFNg+ (5,63±2,43) and IL-10+ (5,83± 2,19) cells were significantly higher in TB patients than in healthy controls (TCD4+IFNg+ =1,75±0,71 and IL-10+ =1,47±0,90), (p<0,01). Regarding the percentage of TCD8 cells, a higher percentage of IFNg+ (4,33±1,45) and IL-10+ (4,01±1,14) among TB patients than controls (TCD8+IFNg+ = 1,49±0,42 and IL- 10+ 1,62±0,59) was observed (p<0,01). TB treatment did not alter the response to the tested antigens immediately after the treatment initiation. In conclusion, the recombinant antigens MPT-51, ESAT-6, GLcB, Ag85A were recognized by the specific immune response of active TB patients. Key words: Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Recombinant antigens, Cellular immune response. to the tested antigens immediately after the treatment initiation. In conclusion, the recombinant antigens MPT-51, ESAT-6, GLcB, Ag85A were recognized by the specific immune response of active TB patients.
Este trabalho avaliou a resposta imune celular dos linfócitos TCD4 e TCD8 de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar ativa antes e após o tratamento, contra os antígenos recombinantes MPT-51, ESAT-6, GLcB, Ag85A e o Filtrado Protéico de Cultura (CFP) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis atendidos no Hospital de Doenças Tropicais Anuar Auad. A população de estudo, composta de 37 indivíduos, foi dividida em dois grupos experimentais. 1) 22 pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar, selecionados de acordo com idade, diagnóstico confirmado por baciloscopia (BAAR), radiografia evidente de tuberculose, HIV1/2 negativos. 2) 15 controles saudáveis negativos para prova tuberculinica (PT) e HIV1/2, pareados por faixa etária e sexo aos pacientes selecionados. Coletou-se aproximadamente 20 ml de sangue com heparina. O sangue total foi processado e cultivado por 96 horas na presença dos antígenos recombinantes e os linfócitos TCD4 e TCD8 foram analisados quanto à positividade para as citocinas IL-10 e IFN-g por citometria de fluxo. As porcentagens de linfócitos responsivos aos diversos antígenos de M. tuberculosis apresentaram-se em geral superiores aos controles. A porcentagem dos linfócitos TCD4+IFNg+ (5,63±2,43) e IL-10+ (5,83±2,19) foram maiores em pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar ativa em comparação com os linfócitos TCD4+IFNg+ (1,75±0,71) e IL-10+ (1,47±0,90) dos controles (p<0,01). Também, as porcentagens dos linfócitos TCD8+IFNg+ (4,33±1,45) e IL-10+ (4,01 ±1,14) dos pacientes foram maiores que os linfócitos TCD8+IFNg+ (1,49±0,42) e IL-10+ (1,62±0,59) dos controles (p<0,01). Não houve diferença significativa antes (5,63±2,43) e após (5,0±2,0) o tratamento nas populações celulares TCD4+ e TCD8+ positivas para IFN-g e IL-10 quando estimuladas com o painel de antígenos (p>0,05). Com estes resultados podemos considerar que todos os antígenos testados (MPT-51, ESAT-6, GLcB, Ag85A) são reconhecidos pelos linfócitos TCD4+ e TCD8+ de pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar ativa.
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Deborah, Hilda. "Towards spectral mathematical morphology". Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2328/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En fournissant en plus de l'information spatiale une mesure spectrale en fonction des longueurs d'ondes, l'imagerie hyperspectrale s'enorgueillie d'atteindre une précision bien plus importante que l'imagerie couleur. Grâce à cela, elle a été utilisée en contrôle qualité, inspection de matériaux,… Cependant, pour exploiter pleinement ce potentiel, il est important de traiter la donnée spectrale comme une mesure, d'où la nécessité de la métrologie, pour laquelle exactitude, incertitude et biais doivent être maitrisés à tous les niveaux de traitement.Face à cet objectif, nous avons choisi de développer une approche non-linéaire, basée sur la morphologie mathématique et de l'étendre au domaine spectral par le biais d'une relation d'ordre spectral basée sur les fonctions de distance. Une nouvelle fonction de distance spectrale et une nouvelle relation d'ordonnancement sont ainsi proposées. De plus, un nouvel outil d'analyse du basé sur les histogrammes de différences spectrales a été développé.Afin d'assurer la validité des opérateurs, une validation théorique rigoureuse et une évaluation métrologique ont été mises en œuvre à chaque étage de développement. Des protocoles d'évaluation de la qualité des traitements morphologiques sont proposés, exploitant des jeux de données artificielles pour la validation théorique, des ensembles de données dont certaines caractéristiques sont connues pour évaluer la robustesse et la stabilité et des jeux de données de cas réel pour prouver l'intérêt des approches en contexte applicatif. Les applications sont développées dans le contexte du patrimoine culturel pour l'analyse de peintures et pigmentsProviding not only spatial information but also spectral measure as a function of wavelength, hyperspectral imaging boasts a much greater gain in accuracy than the traditional color imaging. And for this capability, hyperspectral imaging has been employed for quality control, inspection of materials in various fields. However, to fully exploit this potential, it is important to process the spectral data as a measure. This induces the need of metrology where accuracy, uncertainty, and bias are managed at every level of processing.Aiming at developing a metrological image processing framework for spectral data, we select to develop a nonlinear approach using the mathematical morphology framework and extended it to the spectral domain by means of a distance-based ordering relation. A novel spectral distance function and spectral ordering relation are proposed, in addition of a new analysis tools based on spectral differences. To ensure the validity of the spectral mathematical morphology framework, rigorous theoretical validation and metrological assessment are carried out at each development stages. So, protocols for quality assessment of spectral image processing tools are developed. These protocols consist of artificial datasets to validate completely the theoretical requirements, datasets with known characteristics to assess the robustness and stability, and datasets from real cases to proof the usefulness of the framework on applicative context. The application tasks themselves are within the cultural heritage domain, where the target images come from pigments and paintings
Hyperspektral avbildning muliggjør mye mer nøyaktige målinger enn tradisjonelle gråskala og fargebilder, gjennom både høy romlig og spektral oppløsning (funksjon av bølgelengde). På grunn av dette har hyperspektral avbildning blitt anvendt i økende grad ulike applikasjoner som kvalitetskontroll og inspeksjon av materialer. Men for å fullt ut utnytte sitt potensiale, er det viktig å være i stand til å behandle spektrale bildedata som målinger på en gyldig måte. Dette induserer behovet for metrologi, der nøyaktighet, usikkerhet og skjevhet blir adressert og kontrollert på alle nivå av bildebehandlingen.Med sikte på å utvikle et metrologisk rammeverk for spektral bildebehandling valgte vi en ikke-lineær metodikk basert på det etablerte matematisk morfologi-rammeverket. Vi har utvidet dette rammeverket til det spektrale domenet ved hjelp av en avstandsbasert sorteringsrelasjon. En ny spektral avstandsfunksjon og nye spektrale sorteringsrelasjoner ble foreslått, samt nye verktøy for spektral bildeanalyse basert på histogrammer av spektrale forskjeller.For å sikre gyldigheten av det nye spektrale rammeverket for matematisk morfologi, har vi utført en grundig teoretisk validering og metrologisk vurde-ring på hvert trinn i utviklingen. Dermed er og-så nye protokoller for kvalitetsvurdering av spektrale bildebehandlingsverktøy utviklet. Disse protokollene består av kunstige datasett for å validere de teoretiske måletekniske kravene, bildedatasett med kjente egenskaper for å vurdere robustheten og stabiliteten, og datasett fra reelle anvendelser for å bevise nytten av rammeverket i en anvendt sammenheng. De valgte anvendelsene er innenfor kulturminnefeltet, hvor de analyserte bildene er av pigmenter og malerier
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Cho, Donghee. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis culture filtrate antigens". 2006. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
Testo completo
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Liu, Yi-Chung, e 劉益忠. "Microencapsulation of lao-chao culture filtrate". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89348594902873658487.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
博士國立臺灣大學
畜產學研究所
90
Microencapsulation of lao-chao culture filtrate by Liu, Yi-Chung ABSTRACT Lao-chao is a traditional Chinese fermented rice product with a sweet and fruity flavor, containing high levels of glucose, a little alcohol and milk-clotting characteristics. In order to optimize commercial production of lao-chao, Rhizopus javanicus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected as the mold and yeast starter, respectively. A commercial mixed starter (chiu-yao) was used as control. Fermentation of the experimental combination revealed a sharp drop in pH (to 4) on the fourth day, remaining constant thereafter. Content of reducing sugars gradually decreased throughout the entire fermentation period. Of the free amino acids, higher quantities of alanine, leucine, proline, glutamic acid, glutamine and NH3 were noted. For sugars, glucose revealed the highest concentration, while organic acid levels, including those for oxalic, lactic, citric and pyroglutamic acid, increased throughout the fermentation period. Twenty one volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography from aroma concentrates of the lao-chao culture filtrate, prepared using the headspace method. For the flavor components, higher quantities of ethanol, fusel oil and ester were determined in both culture filtrates. Moreover, the study was conducted to comprehend the factors affecting the microencapsulation of the culture filtrates from lao-chao. An attempt of selecting pure culture was made, Rhi. javanicus and S. cerevisiae was chosen as a mold and yeast starter for production of lao-chao. The wall materials of the microencapsulation system were maltodextrin and gum Arabic in the ratio of 3 to 2. Light and white index of microcapsules gradually decreased throughout the inlet temperature from 90 to 110℃. The retention of microcapsules increased and particle size decreased throughout the wall material concentrations from 30 to 60%. In the ratio of four wall materials to one core, they maintained the best flavor retention rate of microcapsules. A response surface design was used for studying the optimum producing models of lao-chao culture filtrate microcapsules. Results indicated that the best retention 74.13% of microcapsules could be obtained by the inlet temperature 101.4℃, wall material concentrations 54% and in a ratio of four wall materials to one core. As for milk curd, we had studied the effects of lao-chao culture filtrate microcapsules added on the curd firmness, viscosity, and syneresis. Results indicated that the addition of 10% microcapsules was proper for the curd. As a result, it is achievable to develop a flavor reagent with microencapsulated lao-chao culture filtrate and to provide the point of reference for a curd product. In fact, we still study to produce a good yield of lao-chao culture filtrate microcapsules to be used for systematic production.
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Su, Lieh-Chi, e 蘇烈頎. "Characterization of curd made with lao-chao culture filtrate and probiotics". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64741022310004264679.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
博士國立臺灣大學
畜產學研究所
93
The purpose of the study is to combine the physiological functionality of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum) and the milk-clotting activity of culture filtrate from lao-chao to develop a new dairy product which was different from the commercial yogurt. Rhizopus javanicus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were chosen as a mold and yeast starter for production of culture filtrate. The probiotics of this dairy product grows well. The increase of β-galactosidase activity, lactic acid and acetic acid content accompany long incubation time. The more incubation time prolonged, the more curd firmness and syneresis increased. It is especially prominent when incubating time more than 2 hours. Storage results showed both L. acidophilus and B. longum exhibited excellent stability for 14 days at 4℃ in curd made with lao-chao culture filtrate. The suggested percentage of culture filtrate is 8-10% which has better effectiveness on the flavor and texture of this product. Microencapsulation of probiotics and culture filtrates from lao-chao by spray-drying was also examined. The effect of moisture, water activity, particle density, encapsulated product size distribution, microencapsulation efficiency, milk-clotting activity, structure of the powders and viability of microencapsulated probiotics were studied. Among the various outlet air temperatures, probiotics showed the higher survival after drying in the lower outlet air temperatures. The survival of probiotics in simulated gastric juice and 0.3% oxgall was good since microencapsulation preventing probiotics from acid and oxgall damage. The milk-clotting activity has no significant differences during 5-week storage period. The survival percentage of 4℃ microcapsules is higher than 25℃ group. Among varied antioxidant activity examined, yogurt has the highest inhibition of ascorbate autoxidation. The reducing activities among different treatments were 29.19-80.31%. The chelating effects of various treatments on ferrous ion showed that lao-chao culture filtrate, curd made with lao-chao culture filtrate, and yogurt were 88.88, 92.18, and 80.58% respectively. The rehydration of microcapsules made with various outlet air temperatures exert higher scavenging effects on superoxide anion. This study intents to develop a new oriental flavor dairy product and provide consumer multi-choices. This product is full of nutrition and meets the increasing health needs across the globe.
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Tsai, Yen-Hui, e 蔡雁暉. "Antioxidant properties of filtrate and polysaccharide from Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24359553582053768519.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
90
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the antioxidant properties of six polysaccharides that extracted from Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture (ACSC) using Chang liver cells. Polysaccharide extracts were prepared from filtrate (PEF) and mycelia of ACSC. The mycelia of ACSC were extracted with cold and hot water to obtain the polysaccharide PEMC and PEMH, respectively. PEMC, PEMH and PEF were dialyzed (MW cut off =12 KD) to obtain large MW polysaccharides (h-PEMC, h-PEMH and h-PEF). To estimate antioxidant properties of those polysaccharides, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was used. To determine DNA protective effects on H2O2-treated (50 M) Chang liver cells, six polysaccharides were pre-incubated with cells for 5h and then treated with H2O2 for the further 30 min. On the other hand, a reverse treatment order of polysaccharides and H2O2, as mention above, were also employed in DNA repair study. DNA damage was monitored with comet assay and 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG) formation. As to antioxidant mechanisms confirming, we determined the antioxidant defense system (glutathione peroxidase, GPx; glutathione reductase, GRd; Glutathione S-transferase, GST; and both reduced and oxidized form of glutathione, GSH & GSSG) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in polysaccharides per-incubated Chang liver cells (ultimately treat with H2O2). PEMH and h-PEMH was the top two polysaccharides with an ORAC value about 3.4 M trolox equivalent. In addition to antioxidant property, PEMH and h-PEMH (200 g/ml) pre-incubated with Chang liver cells could reduce the DNA damage induced by following H2O2 treatment (% tail DNA reduced from 43 to 8%). In the same experimental conditions, the 8-OHdG content was diminished than control in Chang liver cells that had been pre-incubated with all the six polysaccharides. In the DNA repair study, all the six polysaccharides repaired DNA damage (% tail DNA reduced from 41% to a range between 15-25%) and reduced 8-OHdG content completely in H2O2-treated Chang liver cells. These results indicated that polysaccharides extract from ACSC might protect and repair DNA damage in oxidative treat cells (depend on treatment orders). When Chang liver cells pre-incubated with those polysaccharides and H2O2 in order, the GST activity in h-PEMC, PEMH and PEF were increased (1.62, 1.50, and 1.49 times, respectively). On the contrary, GPx and GRd activity were decreased. The GSH/GSSG ratio, however, raised under the same experimental condition. This result revealed that the protective and reparative effects of polysaccharides extracted from ACSC might be associated with GST activity increasing and the Chang of intracellular antioxidant status. Finally, we purified and analyzed the sugar constituents of high MW polysaccharides. In the whole chromatographic condition, h-PEMH showed only one peak and it was a polysaccharides-protein complex; h-PEMC showed two peaks and one of which bound with protein (h-PEMC-1), but the other was not (h-PEMC-2); and the last h-PEF showed two peaks which were all pure polysaccharides. The main sugar component of the six polysaccharides was glucose, and moreover, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose were the else. In conclusion, polysaccharides extracts from ASCS is able to protect cell oxidative damage of cell induced by H2O2. The possible mechanisms may involve in GST activity raising, intracellular antioxidant status altering.
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Suchen-Wang e 王素蓁. "Effect of Rices as Carbon Source of Culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Intracellular Trehalose Content and Functional Evalution of Culture Filtrate". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83123594471761635460.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士大葉大學
生物科技碩士在職學位學程
103
Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar, which exist in various living organism. It possess multiple functions such as moisture, thermal stability, antifreeze, anti-drying protective effect of biological macromolecules to make organism be self-protection in harsh environmental conditions. Previously, we have completed the optimization of adversity fermentation conditions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to effectively improve the extraction rate of intracellular trehalose. In this study we plan to use different enzyme (i.e. Lysozyme, Lyticase and Trypsin). The result shows that as pretreatment method to break down the cell wall at 30-50 ℃ for 15-60 min, the enzyme pretreatment strategy did not give significant improvement on intracellular trehalose extraction rate. After different extraction methods, the highest intracellular trehalose accumulation amount (74.8±9.14 mg/g) was obtained by high-temperature extraction which is at least 35 % higher than that of boiling extraction method. The natural starch products such as yam flour, glutinous rice flour and rice flour will be used to replace the carbon source of commercial culture medium. The effect of different culture medium on intracellular accumulation of trehalose and the physiological activity (such as anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial, whitening and lowering blood pressure) of secondary metabolites of fermentation were analyzed and discussed. The normal fermentation and reverse fermentation of commercial medium secondary metabolite that experiments result of antioxidant analysis was 16.1 ± 0.8% and 15.3 ± 0.3%, respectively. In comparison with commercial media, the lowest antioxidant capcity (3.2±1.8%) was obtained by rice flour, whereas other gave good radical scavenging ability. For the tyrosinase inhibition rate, the results of normal fermentation and stress fermentation of rice flour were 61.0 ± 2.7% and 58.9 ± 1.8%, respectively, which is at least 30% higher than the that of normal fermentation of yam powder. Such process not only can reduce the accumulation of waste generated after stress fermentation, and also the development of new functional products, which effectively to promote their production and application. Key Words : Culture broth, Saccharomyces cescerevisiae, Stress fermentation,Trehalose
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Shin-Yun, Hsu, e 許馨云. "Selection of disease resistant plantlets of Oryza sativa var. Japonica Taiken 9 induced with culture filtrate of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54808613468933670588.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立屏東科技大學
植物保護系所
95
The purposes of this study were to select the bacterial leaf blight- resistant plants of rice, to develop the technologies of disease-resistant selection and callus induction of Oryza sativa var. Japonica Taiken 9 through plant tissue culture. In the technique of disease-resistant selection, added 108 cfu/ml X. oryzae pv. oryzae in 100 ml YPDA liquid medium and the culture filtrate of X. oryzae pv. oryzae cultured for 72 hours as the selection agent provided the best selection result. The callus, little than 2 mm in diameter, were treated with the agent, added 1.5 g callus in 20 ml culture filtrate of X. oryzae pv. oryzae 6 days after selection, which could result in the browning index of callus about 72.83-79.93%. In the culture conditions of the callus induction of Oryza sativa var. Japonica Taiken 9, CS-1 medium containing 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 2.8 g/l proline, at 5600-6200 lux light intensity for 45 days had the best result in callus formation. The fresh weight of callus per seed about 0.214 g，and this method could induced nodular callus. In order to select the bacterial leaf blight-resistant plants of rice, using the culture filtrate of X. oryzae pv. oryzae as the selection agent, and the selection method was to select with the crude culture filtrate of X. oryzae pv. oryzae twice (the first and second selection) and then selected with concentrated one fold culture filtrate of X. oryzae pv. oryzae once (the third selection). The resistant callus lines and nonresistant callus lines were 23.21% and 76.79% in the first selection, the second selection were 15.04% and 84.96%, and the third selection were 4.75% and 95.25%. The plantlets regeneration rate of the resistant callus lines and nonresistant callus lines were 1.20% and 8.17% in the first selection, the second selection were 8.24% and 0%, and there were not regenerated any plantlets all of them in the third selection. Inoculated 5 plants regenerated from the resistant callus lines (browning level 0), 35 plants (browning level 1) and 19 plants (browning level 2-3) regenerated from the nonresistant callus lines and 47 plants of Oryza sativa var. Japonica Taiken 9 with X. oryzae pv. oryzae, respectively. The disease-resistant plants obtained from these inoculated plants were 2 plants (40%), 14 plants (48.57%) and 5 plants (26.32%), on the contrary, all the plants of Oryza sativa var. Japonica Taiken 9 were sensitivity to X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Inoculated the self-pollinated progeny (cfXoo-1-1 F1 and cfXoo-1-6 F1) of bacterial leaf blight-resistant plants and Oryza sativa var. Japonica Taiken 9 with X. oryzae pv. oryzae to detect the inheritance of resistibility. The disease-resistant plants obtained from these inoculated plants were 8 plants (42.1%), 15 plants (35.7%), and all the plants of Oryza sativa var. Japonica Taiken 9 with X. oryzae pv. oryzae were sensible.
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Hitchick, Nola. "Tuberculosis: Prospects for an Oral Vaccine Using Novel Antigens and Adjuvants". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/25001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In spite of vaccine and treatment strategies, Mycobacterium tuberculosis kills more than 3 people per minute. The emergence of drug-resistant strains makes treating the disease complicated and expensive for government health departments, and unpleasant and laborious for patients. The current vaccine, parenterally administered BCG, is only 50% effective. Oral vaccination has the advantage of targeting the mucosal immune system, which acts at the direct site of initial exposure to the infecting airborne pathogen. In addition, oral vaccines are cheaper and safer to administer than parenteral vaccines. This dissertation provides a conceptual framework for the prevention of the disease by means of oral vaccination and outlines methods that were developed for the production of concentrated purified somatic and extracellular antigens. Immune responses to somatic antigens were also examined in conjunction with established and novel adjuvants. The role of Propionibacterium jensenii 702 as a suitable mucosal adjuvant was supported by the results obtained.Masters Thesis
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Hitchick, Nola. "Tuberculosis: Prospects for an Oral Vaccine Using Novel Antigens and Adjuvants". 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/25001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In spite of vaccine and treatment strategies, Mycobacterium tuberculosis kills more than 3 people per minute. The emergence of drug-resistant strains makes treating the disease complicated and expensive for government health departments, and unpleasant and laborious for patients. The current vaccine, parenterally administered BCG, is only 50% effective. Oral vaccination has the advantage of targeting the mucosal immune system, which acts at the direct site of initial exposure to the infecting airborne pathogen. In addition, oral vaccines are cheaper and safer to administer than parenteral vaccines. This dissertation provides a conceptual framework for the prevention of the disease by means of oral vaccination and outlines methods that were developed for the production of concentrated purified somatic and extracellular antigens. Immune responses to somatic antigens were also examined in conjunction with established and novel adjuvants. The role of Propionibacterium jensenii 702 as a suitable mucosal adjuvant was supported by the results obtained.Masters Thesis
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Chen, Ying-Ju, e 陳盈如. "Application of Mild Strain for Cross Protection and Culture Filtrate Derived from Soil Microorganisms on Management of Disease Caused by Cucumber mosaic virus". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49663826949124118974.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣大學
植物醫學碩士學位學程
104
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is an economically important plant viruses with a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range. We aim to use two strategies to manage disease caused by CMV on crops. One is to develop cross protection by utilization of mild strain virus and the other is to induce plant resistance in plant by treatment of culture filtrate derived from fungi (NTU1F8) isolated from soil. We first conducted our strategies on Nicotiana benthamiana. The result showed that 2b gene-partial deleted CMV induced only mild symptom on N. benthamiana and protect plant from infection by different severe strains of CMV. In addition, the treatment of culture filtrate of NTU1F8, can obviously decrease infection rate, delay symptom development and decrease virus accumulation. We also found pretreatment of N. benthamiana and Brassica juncea with culture filtrate of NTU1F8 following inoculation of Turnip mosaic virus could also decrease the infection rate and disease severity.
32
Shih, Ru-Yan, e 施如妍. "Effects of combinations of pure cultures and adding broth filtrate from traditional kombucha on the kombucha". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58913738453032660385.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
87
The tea fungus (commonly named as “kombucha”) is a symbiotic culture of having acetic acid bacteria and yeasts as two major microorganisms. The tea fungus is composed of two portions, a floating cellulose pellicle layer and the sour liquid broth. Acetic acid, ethanol, and gluconic acid, are the major components found in the liquid broth. The fermentation is traditionally carried out by transplanting a symbiotic culture, accompanied with the product cellulose, into a freshly prepared, sucrose-containing black tea under aerobic conditions for 7-10 days. Until now only little literature was available on physiology and metabolic pathway of tea fungus. In last year, we examined possibility of preparing the tea fungus by pure culture method of using acetic acid bacteria and yeast isolates as starter. It was found that the metabolism rate of microorganisms in the tea fungus by the pure culture method was slower than that of the traditional one； however, if the former was enriched with a tea fungus broth, not only was the metabolism rate of the microorganisms markedly enhanced, but also was the product profile different from the traditional one. In this study, the influences of different cultivation methods including a pure culture method, pure culture methods but enriched with a sterile tea fungus broth or metabolite such as the mesoinositol, glycerol from yeast, and the traditional one, on the chemical composition and microbial activity of the tea fungus were investigated. The substance that facilitated the symbiosis between the bacteria and yeast was determined in this study. In the study of using the pure cultures of Pichia membranaefaciens YL-01, Acetobacter xylinum AL-01 and Acetobacter aceti AL-02 as starters, it was found that if the culture was enriched with a traditional tea fungus broth, the metabolism rate of the microorganisms was faster than that of traditional one, but the production of cellulose was lower. In addition, the metabolism rate was not increased by adding 0.5﹪inositol to the pure culture. Therefore, inositol was probably not responsible forstimulating the metabolic activity in the tea fungus. Schizosaccharomyces pombe K-2 was more suitable than Pichia membranaefaciensYL-01 did in the preparation of the tea fungus by pure cultures. The sucrose utilization rate in pure cultures depended upon yeast strains used, the rate was higher when ever S. pombe K-2 and traditional tea fungus broth were used. The utilization of sugars and alcohol production of S. pombe K-2 alone were better than those of P. membranaefaciensYL-01. The stimulating effect exerted by the addition of traditional culture broth to pure cultures of tea fungus was effective to broth acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. For yeasts, both sugar utilization and alcohol production were enhanced. For acetic acid bacteria, productions of both acetic acid and cellulose of A. xylinum AL-01 were increased; while only the production of gluconic acid by A. aceti AL-02 was stimulated. The production of both acetic acid and gluconic acid by pure culture were similar to that of adding traditional culture both if 0.5~1.0﹪glycerol or 0.5﹪acetic acid was added to pure cultures; however, the effect due to the addition of 0.5﹪gluconic acid was indiscernible.
33
Razaki, Ryad Adebola. "C.A.M.E.L.E.O. : a cultural adaptation methodology for E-learning environment optimization". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7223.
Testo completo
34
Valentis, Georgios. "Épuration par cultures fixées sur support géotextile". Phd thesis, 1988. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00574109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les travaux présentés relatent la mise au point d'un procédé d'épuration aérobie en lit immergé par bactéries fixées sur support géotextile. Ce matériau facilite la réalisation et l'exploitation des installations par rapport aux lits immergés granulaires. La bibliographie et les expériences préliminaires menées sur différents géotextiles démontrent que les critères de choix pour les matériaux de fixation sont indissociables de leur mise en œuvre. Pour la suite de cette étude le géotextile ENKAMAT est utilisé. La colonisation du support sélectionné est réalisée dans un pilote industriel à l'intérieur duquel le matériau est disposé en nappes. La méthodologie du suivi consiste à faire varier la charge polluante en agissant sur le débit d'eau et le dopage de l'effluent, voire les deux. Les performances du procédé sont étudiées en mesurant régulièrement les paramètres classiques de pollution. Les caractéristiques hydrauliques du lit se déduisent de la distribution du temps de séjour, évaluée par traçage. La chromatographie en phase gazeuse permet de quantifier le transfert de l'oxygène. Le procédé fonctionne par cycles de 2 à 12 jours entrecoupés de lavages air-eau. La capacité maximale, mesurée en charge volumique appliquée, est d'environ 7 kg DCO/m3/j pour une durée de fonctionnement de 3-4 jours, satisfaisant le niveau de rejet e (norme française : MES 30 mg/1, DBO5 30 mg/1, DCO 90 mg/1). La modélisation des phénomènes de l'épuration révèle que : - la cinétique d'élimination du substrat organique est d'ordre 1, - la charge particulaire de l'eau épurée dépend à la fois du décrochage du biofilm, fonction de la vitesse de l'eau, et de la croissance des bactéries libres, - la durée du cycle est liée à l'accumulation de la biomasse fixée, - et que la diffusion du substrat organique contrôle l'épuration. De plus, cette modélisation a permis l'élaboration d'abaques de dimensionnement de lit immergé sur géotextile.
35
Jerbi, Ahmed. "Effet de l’irrigation par l’eau usée sur la biomasse aérienne et souterraine d’une culture intensive de saules en courtes rotations". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11221.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le but de cette étude est de comprendre l’effet d’une irrigation par les eaux usées et /ou de la fertilisation par les engrais chimiques sur la productivité aérienne et souterraine d’une plantation de saule Salix miyabeana SX67 en CICR dans un contexte de filtre végétal. Nous avons d’une part évalué l’impact de diverses doses d’eau usées et/ou de la fertilisation minérale sur les rendements en biomasse ligneuse d’une culture de saules au cours d’un cycle de croissance de deux ans. D’autre part et pour la même période nous avons comparé le développement racinaire (biomasse, morphologie et distribution dans le sol) suite aux divers traitements. Les résultats ont montré qu’au terme de deux ans de croissance, les traitements par les eaux usées aussi bien que celle par les engrais a permis l’augmentation des rendements de la biomasse aérienne de notre culture de saules avec un effet plus prononcé suite au traitements des eaux usées qu’à celui du fertilisant chimique. Nous avons mesuré des productivités en biomasse aussi élevées que 39,4 Mg ha-1 et 54,7 Mg ha-1 et ce pour les parcelles qui ont reçu la plus grande quantité d'eaux usées, respectivement pour les saules non fertilisé et fertilisé (D3-NF et D3-F). La majeure partie du système racinaire était en superficie avec 92-96% des racines (racine fine et racine grosse) concentrées dans les premiers 40 cm de sol et nous avons trouvé que la biomasse des racines fines était comprise entre 1,01 et 1,99 Mg ha-1. Généralement la fertilisation chimique n’a pas eu d’effet sur les rendements en biomasse des racines totales et/ou fines. Bien que l’irrigation par les eaux usées ait entraîné une réduction statistiquement significative de la biomasse racinaire, néanmoins cette réduction n'était pas linéaire (avec une réduction de la biomasse de D0 à D1, une augmentation de D1 à D2 pour réduire de nouveau de D2 à D3). Cette tendance porte à penser qu'au-delà d'une certaine quantité d'eau et de nutriments (suite à l’irrigation par les eaux usées), le développement du système racinaire des saules est affecté négativement, et bien que la biomasse aérienne soit restée élevée sous le traitement D3, nous pensons que le développement de la plante a été quelque peu déséquilibré. Aucun changement significatif n'a été constaté dans les traits morphologiques liés à l'irrigation par les eaux usées.The aim of this study was to understand the effect of both wastewater and/or mineral fertilisation on above- and belowground biomass of a Salix miyabeana SX67 willow SRC in a filter vegetation context. We firstly assessed the impact of various doses of wastewater and/or mineral fertilization on biomass yield after two season growth. On the other hand and during the same period we estimated root production and assessed vertical root distribution and roots morphology in response to various treatments doses. The results showed that after two years of growth both mineral fertilization and wastewater sewage fertilization enhanced willow aboveground biomass yields, with a more accurate effect due to wastewater irrigation than the mineral fertilization. We recorded high biomass yields such as 39.4 Mg ha-1 and 54.7 Mg ha-1 respectively for unfertilized and fertilized plants plots which benefits with the largest amount of wastewater (D3-NF and D3-F). We found that most of the roots were contained in top soil layers with 92-96% of the total roots (including fine and coarse roots) concentrated within the first 40 cm of soil depth, fine root biomass ranged between 1.01 and 1, 99 Mg ha-1. Neither mineral fertilization nor wastewater sewage irrigation showed an effect on total or fine roots biomass yields. Although we found a statistically significant decrease prior to wastewater treatments, this reduction was not linear (with a decrease of the biomass from D0 to D1, increased from D1 to D2 to go down again from D2 to D3). This pattern suggests that beyond a certain amount of water and nutrients (due to irrigation with wastewater) the development of the willow root system is negatively affected, and although the aboveground biomass remained high in the D3 treatment, we believe that the development of the plant was somewhat unbalanced. No significant changes were found in the deep morphological traits related to irrigation with sewage wastewater.