Tesi sul tema "Culture archéologique"
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Tinteroff, Gil Vanessa. "De Paracas à Nasca sur la côte du sud du Pérou : archéologie d'une mutation culturelle". Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040039.
On the south coast of the Peru, after the decline of the Chavin civilisation, Paracas culture is slowly making way for Nasca culture. Dated between 200 BC and 100 AD, this period, commonly called "the Paracas – Nasca transition" on the south coast, is the one of numerous cultural changes. Through the study of different archaeological contexts of this region, particularly of Necrópolis in the Paracas peninsula and of Cahuachi in the Nasca valley, the purpose of this thesis is to define the causes, the sociocultural mechanisms and the cultural players of the changes occuring in the south coast during this turning point in the prehispanic Peru history. This thesis offers a definition of Paracas, Topará and Nasca cultures, of their origins, their development and their cultural, geographical and chronogical relations
Minotti, Mathilde. "La parure prédynastique en contexte funéraire : technique et usage : le cas d’Adaïma". Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01957778.
The study of the cycle of manufacture and use of predynastic ornaments from Adaïma provides an approach to different societal domains : technical, aesthetic and functional. Each of these three socially entangled domains reveals an absence of standardization in the making, composition and use of ornaments. There could be several explanations for this observation. Factors might distort the picture given by the results of the analysis: for example, uncertainty over duration of each chronological phase identified by ceramic typology. On the other hand, a small community open to influences from the Nagadian centres and the neighbouring Nubian region certainly experienced phenomena of cultural recombination. The inhabitants re-appropriate outside references: they innovate. At Adaima, such innovation in ornamentation seems essentially to serve to individualise the deceased
Kazanski, Michel. "Les Goths en Europe orientale à l'époque hunnique (375-454) : documentation archéologique : la phase finale de la culture de Černjahov". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010638.
Nayrolles, Jean. "Roman et néo-roman : de l'invention du passé dans la culture archéologique et dans l'art du XIXe siecle français". Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20054.
Renou, Julie. "Le pouvoir des anneaux : essais sur la parure digitale du haut Moyen Âge : approche archéologique des objets du sud-ouest de la Gaule". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30068.
The subject-matter is the finger ornaments discovered in archaeological contexts, dating from the 5th to the 9th century. The geographical area ranges from the Loire to the Pyrenees, and from the Atlantic coast to the west of the Rhône. The chronological period, which is quite broad, makes it possible to approach the question of the ancient heritage of the fifth century, which is particularly important in romanised regions. The 9th century corresponds to a sharp decrease in funeral deposits, which are the main contexts for the discovery of ornaments. Studies on rings have so far essentially consisted in the development of a typochronology, whether for Roman Gaul or for the northern Merovingian kingdoms. For this doctoral study a catalogue has been elaborated, it includes more than 300 artifacts for which a classification has been proposed. The uniqueness of this work is based on the analysis of social practices using artifacts from the Southwest. As precious objects, the wearing of rings remains the prerogative of the elite; they are an important marker of social identities, family memory and economic exchanges. In order to fully address this theme, the study is divided into four parts. The first two are devoted to the implementation of the methodology, paying particular attention to the historiographical heritage in which the study is placed. The last two parts are devoted to the inscription of these jewels in the social space of the early Middle Ages. From their manufacture to their reception and transmission, it is a question of documenting the manipulations to which they have been subjected and which have given them their value, up to their burial
Ene, Răducu-Viorel. "Le moulin à vent dans le contexte archéologique de l'habitation Loyola en Guyane française". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20797.
Lejars, Thierry. "Les fourreaux d'épées du sanctuaire gaulois de Gournay-sur-Aronde, Oise : analyse morphologique et archéologique". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010618.
The sword is the arm which best defines the celtic warrior. Many archaeological finds have testified to its importance. The scabbard, its essential companion, skilfully formed and often decorated, underlines the prestige which surrounds the sword. The recent discovery of large sanctuaries in the north of france and the documentation of many funeral objects have allowed us to reopen this subject, partly explored during work carried out about twenty years ago on the arms from the swiss site of la tène. The period under consideration, the third and second centuries before J. C. , corresponds to the time when activities where flourishing at the sanctuary. During this period, those scabbards which we will fellow each stage of their morphological evolution, were continuously introduced into the place of cult. Over a long period of time, these consecrated arms were abandoned in ditch surrounding the settlement. The regularity and frequency with which these objects were abandoned, as well as the quantity of arms, make this site, more than any other, particulary well adapted for the study of weapons of this period
Ababneh, Abdelkader. "Gestion, protection et présentation des sites archéologiques : étude de cas : le site archéologique de Jarash en Jordanie". Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE2002.
This study presents an analysis of the state of the Jordanian archaeological heritage and more particularly of the archeological site of Jarash in the North of Jordan. It has for objective the evaluation of the actions led for its development. How communities and the Jordanian State insures the integrity, the accessibility and the conservation of this remarkable site by the application of adequate measures of management, protection and touristic development. To reach this objective and to conceive a model of applicable evaluation in the Jordanian context and facilitating the archaeological development of sites, it was necessary to develop two areas of research. The first one allows examining the procedures of development of the historical heritage on an international scale and at the national level. The second axis corresponds to a case study, which express the acts of development of the archeological site of Jarash and the essential stages of the development regarding with the cultural and tourist development of the site of Jarash. The qualitative approach contributes, as for it to question the responsibility of the local public actors. A particular field study is based on interviews with the actors participating in the development and in the protection of the site. Two essential questions arise: -What is the importance granted to this magnificent romano-byzantine archeological site of Jarash by the local and governmental authorities in an essentially Muslim country? -How is this architectural heritage integrated into the cultural transmission between Jordanians' diverse generation. To answer, the observation of process of management of the site by means of index cards (forms) of analysis and the study of a photographic corpus allow to conceive approach, so quantitative as qualitative of the measures taken by communities and the Jordanian State. Theoretical propositions and pragmatic prescriptions conclude this research
Perra, Mauro. "Une société en mouvement : la transformation du paysage et la construction de la société nuragique (Sardaigne) du XVIIe siècle au VIIIe siècle avant J.-C". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0576.
The core of my reflection is focused on the evolution of Sardinian Archaeology. Through this analysis I found that the nuragic world is a "work in progress" and that a specific traditional model which can characterize it and explain it does not exist. It was then necessary to built a brand new paradigm. It is a study of "longue durée" which analyzes the Sardinian Prehistory beginning from the Neolithic Age until the Early Iron Age through a perspective of landscape archaeology. This process mirrors the deep socio-economic and political transformations of the nuragic community. Finally, we can outline , in my opinion, a society in movement. It is a dynamic and a multifaceted society inscribed in a complex but non linear historical process in which a large number of models of development co-exist
El, Marzoke Halima. "Le patrimoine culturel de la Libye entre identité sociale et culturelle". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0132/document.
As part of this research, we worked on the construction of a social identity through cultural heritage. We have tried to highlight the importance of the role of heritage in a person’s social life. After presenting the cultural heritage in Libyan society, not only based on buildings of Greco-Roman Antiquity or the Arab world but also museums, folklore and theaters, we conducted a public survey in the city of Tripoli in order to know the people’s opinion on this issue.Through their answers, we noted the importance they give to their heritage and their fear to see their past being destroyed or plundered by war. The people of Libya are proud of this cultural heritage. This research has allowed us to understand that when a country has such a tradition, the social and cultural identity necessarily requires the recognition of its cultural and artistic heritage
Díaz, Arriola Luisa Esther. "Le territoire Ychsma et ses différences culturelles pendant l'intermédiaire récent sur la côte centrale péruvienne". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010520.
Dausse, Lucie. "Études des déformations crâniennes intentionnelles dans la culture Paracas (800 avant-100 après J.C) : les contextes funéraires de Cerro Colorado, côte Sud du Pérou". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010628.
The Paracas society established itself on the southern coast of the central Peruvian Andean area, around the 9th century B.C. until the decline around the 2th century A.C. The site of Cerro Colorado, localized in the Paracas peninsula, discovered and excavated from 1925 to 1930 by Tello, delivered the biggest amount of Paracas cultural material until today. The study of body treatments of the deceased buried in these funerary contexts is central to this research, beacause it specifically documents the different traditions of the Paracas body modifications, ephemeral and irrevable, during life and after death. The reassessment of 311 bodies buried in these tombs, cavers and in the necropolis of Wari Kayan at Cerro Colorado, reveals unprecedented data on the corporal practices during Late Paracas (400 B.C -100 A.C.), then compared to testimonies from previous periods. The observation of anthropomorphic representations on ceramics and textiles allows addressing the evolution of the body conception during the entire Paracas chronology. This research presents the importance of aesthetics for the Paracas through the diversity of body modifications such as head modelling, ear piercing, body paintings and tattoos, different hairstyles and numerous sets of jewels. In this ancient Peruvian society, the body was hence perceived as an identity support in which the head has a symbolical place
Lasheb, Ramdane. "Archéologie et éducation au patrimoine culturel : le sacré et le profane dans un chantier de fouilles archéologiques : Entretiens avec quatre bénévoles". Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU1053.
In this study, the author proposes an alternative education to a cultural heritage, which is carried out through archaeological excavations from volunteers (sacred space and profane space). He first explores the context in which to realize it. Then, he is interested in the conceptual theoretical aspects "experiential learning" and the "sacred/profane." Relying on the content analysis of four in-depth interviews, the author tries in a first step, identify technical learning (surveys, excavations... technical) and socio-cultural (universal values) gain volunteers of Archaeology in the experience of the excavations. In a second time, he is working to show the confrontation to the sacred and the profane induced in volunteers, a change, a transformation and evolution towards universality of the representations. Finally, it strives to show the impact of learning by referring to the involvement of hunters in the protection and conservation of cultural heritage. This study aims to show that education to cultural heritage through the experience of archaeological excavations goes on both by the confrontation to the sacred and profane and reflexive return on the personal experience of the volunteer excavators
Beauvais, Pierre Antoine. "Les subdivisions du Tardiglaciaire rhodanien à l’épreuve de l’analyse relationnelle des industries lithiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2022. https://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/s/fr/item/32288.
The classical vision of prehistoric societies has been developed in the discipline from the concept of culture borrowed from social anthropology. In southeastern France, this term is used to describe a cultural mosaic for the Late Upper Palaeolithic, whose entities are perceived as differentiated technical traditions, mainly through lithic industries. The Rhône Valley is a crossroads of influences and a limit to the geographical extension of the recognised cultural groups from east to west. For the Late Glacial, this "frontier" is estimated as a zone of contact and transfers between western Provence and eastern Languedoc. At the same time, a significant documentary gap for the Late Upper Palaeolithic and research territories dependent on regional historiography limit the investigation. The study of several archaeological sites in the Ardèche and Gard departments on the basis of lithic industries, carried out within the framework of this work, enables us to respond to this call for documentation. These data, based mainly on an archaeological sequence in the Ardèche gorges (the rock shelter of Colombier II), allow us to address several aspects: The stratigraphic and chronological integrity of the assemblages is discussed in order to provide a favourable documentary basis for addressing the cultural dynamics of human societies. Technical scenarios interpreted as globalisation phenomena or to the contrary in terms of their diversity for the Late Glacial are described through this study. From this point of view, the technical identity of the industries is a pivotal point for discussion, allowing the lithic ensembles to be related to a macro-regional scale. A model of the spaces linked to the acquisition of mineral resources is proposed for the Late Glacial period on the basis of a petroarchaeological study of the lithic industries. This approach makes it possible to link the siliceous raw material supply space of the Late Glacial sites on the right bank of the Rhône to a material circulation network between the Massif Central and the southern Alps. This study ultimately allows us to address the relationship between archaeological assemblages and the cultural dynamics of human societies, with an emphasis on the epistemology of the terms. The approach applied here proposes to abandon the presuppositions of essentialization of the societies of Prehistory to concentrate on the relationship between objects; this aspect is approached on the methodological aspect, at the end of the study, through a qualitative network analysis based on the technical similarity of lithic industries. In the long term, it is a question of rediscussing the scales of reading archaeological facts and of proposing a combined structural approach, between the distribution of the technical fact and the networks of places
Plutniak, Sébastien. "L’opération archéologique. Sociologie historique d’une discipline aux prises avec l’automatique et les mathématiques. France, Espagne, Italie, 2e moitié du XXe siècle". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0045.
During the second half of the 20th century, attempts were made to operationally redefine various social activities, including those related to science, the military, administration and industry. These attempts were aided by scientific and technical innovations developed in the Second World War, and subsequently by the increase in use of automation in various domains. This Ph.D. thesis addresses these attempts from a sociohistorical perspective, focusing on the specific case of archaeology. During this period, the domain of archaeology underwent a process of disciplinarisation and professionalisation. The same occurred in applied mathematics and then computer science: this thesis focuses on the relationships between these three domains. In France, during the 1950's and 1960's, there were significant methodological and conceptual innovations. Their subsequent scientific recognition, was, however, relatively minor. In archaeology, innovations related to applied mathematics and automatics did not lead to the emergence of an archaeological speciality based on computation. This situation was in striking contrast to what happened in other scientific domains and in archaeology in other countries, where new theoretical and methodological Anglophone definitions in ‘New Archaeology’ were spreading worldwide.This thesis explores three collective attempts to redefine the conceptual and methodological basis of archaeology, led by Georges Laplace, Jean-Claude Gardin and Jean Lesage, across France, Spain and Italy. These cases are completed by other people who had significant careers in both engineering and archaeology. In general, this thesis studies a scientific activity by investigating the cognitive and social aspects of peoples’ methodological contributions. Three models of the relationships between experts in a scientific domain and experts in an applied science (here mathematics and computing) are empirically identified and described. The effects of introducing mathematical and automation procedures on the division of labour and the distribution of recognition are analysed. The success or failure of the methodological propositions are discussed with reference to several factors and models of scientific innovation. This thesis generates new information on the development of rescue and preventive archaeology and on the use of digital technologies in human sciences.The analysis draws on 82 interviews, 23 archives and several bibliometric datasets (extracted from pre-existing databases or constructed for the purpose of this research). Mirroring the archaeological propositions under study, this research also intends to illustrate the possible use of computing and formalised procedures in social sciences. The documentation and demonstrative principles underlying this work, implemented by using Wiki, the methods of literate programming and reproducible research, are themselves analysed
Feizi, Mahsa. "Le paysage culturel de la plaine de Sultāniyya durant la période islamique". Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2106.
The environmental potential of the Sultāniyya plain have emerged as powerful baseline for the formation and development of settlements during a long time. In addition, it is geographically located in a kind of corridor linking central Iran to its northwest. The interest of this region lies not only the archaeological evidence from the Paleolithic to the present day, but also in the considerable amount of written and illustrated sources in which various aspects of the landscape of the Sultāniyya plain have been discussed. However, there is no in-depth archaeological study of the plain. The aim of this dissertation is to demonstrate the interaction of human and environment in the plain during the Islamic period. The study of written and archeological sources shows that in the early Islamic centuries and before the construction of the city of Sultāniyya, in the center and north of the plain, population concentration depended on agricultural potential and therefore on water resources. The 16th century is a turning point in the history of the region. The attention paid by the Ilkānid to the plain has led to the expansion of agricultural and industrial infrastructures, extensive water exploitation and expansion of the agricultural zone. As a result, the population has focused mainly on the central and southern regions on the groundwater table. The decline of the city in the early 16th century turned it into a prestigious village. It led to a general slowdown in trans-regional trade between Sultāniyya and other centers of Iran. But the continued use of the region's water infrastructure and the role of the former urban center of Sultāniyya in the regional economic system has helped to maintain the maximum population concentration in the central and southern areas along the ancient routes
Woldeyohannes, Hiluf Berhe. "Aksoum (Ethiopia) : an inquiry into the state of documentation and preservation of the archaeological and heritage sites and monuments". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20126/document.
Aksum is the capital of ancient Aksumite Kingdom and one of the most important archaeological site in Ethiopia. It has been registered on World Heritage List in 1980. Its archaeological and cultural heritage continues to be a victim of urbanization, development, erosion and deposition. Despite increased awareness and issues within the field of archaeology, the destruction of archaeological and cultural heritage sites of Aksum has been staggering. Although considered as an outstanding universal heritage site, very little focused cultural heritage management has been undertaken in Aksum. All archaeological excavations conducted thus far in Aksum focused on unearthing elite tombs and palaces. Both acts of destruction are relevant to current research on the cultural heritage management aspect in Aksum in general. This research provides an analysis of the destruction of the archaeological and heritage sites and monuments in Aksum based on ancient documents, archaeological excavations and field observation. It examines the extent the sites have been excavated, documented and preserved. Three sites have been selected for case study for the present research. The research revealed that the archaeological and heritage sites in Aksum have been deeply affected by urbanization in general. Evidently, the absence of integrated development planning by the municipality, lack of professionals in the field of archaeology and lack of public education have contributed significantly to the loss of the archaeological record. This thesis attempts to evaluate the current state of documentation and preservation of the cultural heritage resource in Aksum
Woldeyohannes, Hiluf Berhe. "Aksoum (Ethiopia) : an inquiry into the state of documentation and preservation of the archaeological and heritage sites and monuments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20126.
Aksum is the capital of ancient Aksumite Kingdom and one of the most important archaeological site in Ethiopia. It has been registered on World Heritage List in 1980. Its archaeological and cultural heritage continues to be a victim of urbanization, development, erosion and deposition. Despite increased awareness and issues within the field of archaeology, the destruction of archaeological and cultural heritage sites of Aksum has been staggering. Although considered as an outstanding universal heritage site, very little focused cultural heritage management has been undertaken in Aksum. All archaeological excavations conducted thus far in Aksum focused on unearthing elite tombs and palaces. Both acts of destruction are relevant to current research on the cultural heritage management aspect in Aksum in general. This research provides an analysis of the destruction of the archaeological and heritage sites and monuments in Aksum based on ancient documents, archaeological excavations and field observation. It examines the extent the sites have been excavated, documented and preserved. Three sites have been selected for case study for the present research. The research revealed that the archaeological and heritage sites in Aksum have been deeply affected by urbanization in general. Evidently, the absence of integrated development planning by the municipality, lack of professionals in the field of archaeology and lack of public education have contributed significantly to the loss of the archaeological record. This thesis attempts to evaluate the current state of documentation and preservation of the cultural heritage resource in Aksum
Zaina, Federico. "Stratigraphy, chronology and architecture of the earliest phases at kish in Central Mesopotamia : from the Jemdet Nasr to the Ur III period (3100-2000 BC)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010706.
The city of Kiš was one of the most important centersof Mesopotamia between the 4 th and 1st millenium BC The excavations carried out between 1923 and 1933 by the expedition from the University and the Field Museum of Chicago have largely explored the site, but despite significant results, the inadequate methods of excavation have negatively affected the archaeological interpretation produced in publications. The goal of this project is that of contributing to fill these gaps in knowledge, reconstructing archaelogical and historical phases searched to Kiš dating from the period Jemdet Nasr and the Ur III. The first aim was to understand the planning of Kiš between the 4th and the end of the first half of the 2nd millenium BC. To this aim I reconstructed the stratigraphic and architectural contexts discovered in some areas of the site. New sections and plans of each area and a general map of Kiš was produced. These were used as tools to interpret the development of urban and architectural development of Kiš. Beside the analysis of strcutural remains, there has been the study of layered materials. Careful selection of objects keps in deposits and university museums, will be made. In addition, radiocarbon analysis of selected samples was undertaken to provide more information on the site chronology. Finally, the materials were associated with their original context
Denolle, Alice. "L'accès à la propriété des biens archéologiques. Etude de droit comparé, France, Etats-Unis". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA111006.
France and the United States have both recognized the importance of preserving archaeological resources against any damage or destruction through legal protection so that their use by present generations and their transfer to future generations may be ensured. This importance is reflected through the existence of a public interest in the preservation ofarchaeological resources. The public interest is rooted in different values which are assigned to archaeological resources and which may be referred to as the cognitive value, the identity value, the aesthetic value and the economic value. In both countries the cognitive value appears to be the cornerstone of protective legislation.Even though the United States and France recognize that there is a public interest in preserving archaeological resources, the ownership of archaeological resources is still deeply governed by common law rules, according to which archaeological resources are seen as mere property. This dichotomy proves to be a source of tension between two competing interests:the public interest which lies in archaeological resources protection on the one hand, and the private interest, expressed through ownership, on the other hand.The legal definition of protected archaeological resources lies therefore at the forefront of the issue. In both countries, there is no uniform status of archaeological resources. However, protective legislation recognizes the very specificity of these resources, developing therefore specific protective schemes. The two legal systems tend to favor public ownership, the state being seen has the most suitable owner capable of ensuring preservation. But private ownership appears to be a strong opposition public ownership has to face. However, private ownership of archaeological resources does not necessarily equal lack of protection.No special property status has thus been implemented in either countries. Conflicts arising between preservation and ownership of archaeological resources in the current protective systems could therefore be resolved by drawing the consequences of the specificity of archaeological resources into the protective schemes
Gandreau, David. "Patrimoines archéologiques en terre et développement local : enjeux interdisciplinaires et perspectives de formation". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH024/document.
Very present on archaeological sites, the vestiges of earthen architecture are arousing a growing interest, for the scientific community, for the authorities in charge of heritage protection, for the local populations and for the general public, fan of cultural tourism. More and more projects for study, conservation and enhancement of earthen architecture in archaeological context are emerging in the world, with a view to contributing to local and territorial development. These projects involve multiple skills, borrowing in particular from the disciplines of archeology, of architecture, of heritage conservation, and from the field of heritage valorisation. Specialists in each field are invited to collaborate on projects that are more numerous and more complex, integrating the inputs and expectations of very diverse stakeholders, in a holistic and contextualized approach to heritage management (Agnew, Bridgland 2006).The conditions governing these new collaborations are studied in depth in this thesis, in order to analyze the interdisciplinary challenges and the resulting training issues. We make the hypothesis that the links between the various actors involved in the archaeological heritage generate more specific training prospects, and even the emergence of new trades at the crossroads and interfaces of the disciplines, which would better meet current expectations with regard to this heritage.The research is based on field surveys and stakeholder meetings realized over the long term (fifteen years of scientific and professional practice), at five main sites and twelve reference sites, mainly in Asia, but also in Africa and in Latin America. An analysis grid allows to compare the practices observed on the field with the international recommendations in terms of study, conservation and valorisation of the archaeological heritage built with earth. These recommendations are based on a corpus of reference publications, international charters and declarations, conferences on earthen architecture and international programs on this theme. The results of the comparative analysis lead us to make methodological proposals and to formulate guidelines for more specific training programs. In this way, we wish to contribute to the new research and training dynamics that are set up around the earthen archaeological heritage and its contribution to local development
Bas, Jean-Arnaud. "Essai sur l'État et le patrimoine archéologique : l'exemple de la France". Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STETT040.
In this study, we have developed how has been realised the constitution of archeological patrimony. The first stage is caracteristed by the simple attention to the archeological objects who denoted the birth of a public preoccupation with often a political mental reserve. The second stage appears at the end of the XIXth century with the decline of the liberal ideology : the simple attention is replaced by a public intervention. We have established that the archeological patrimony is incorporated in the large notion of "historical heritage" until the 27 september 1941's law about archeological excavations. After the Second World War, it continues to be up to the state to protect and to conserve the archeological patrimony. We have showed that, under the Ve republic, the public intervention is reinforced by the consecration of the cultural interest. At this evolution's end, we have developed how the public power intervenes into the archeological patrimony's domain. Through the conservation, we have established that the intervention has two complemental aspects; indeed, the conservation includes the ideas of gestion and protection. Beyond the classical constraints of gestion and protection, some new constaints exist now in connexion with the territory parcelling out and the supranational dimension of the archeological patrimony
Boullier, Claire. "Recherches méthodologiques sur la sculpture en terre cuite africaine : application à un corpus de sculptures archéologiques - en contexte et hors contexte - de la culture Nok (Nigéria)". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010591.
Mahoudeau, Julien. "Hypermédias et patrimoine archéologique : la médiation numérique du patrimoine culturel comme processus socio-technologique complexe". Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20103.
At a crossworld of computer science, archaeology and mediation, a new sphere of research takes shape, the hypermedia mediation of archaeological heritage one. The research examines the emergence conditions of this field and suggests a global social situation study, which reveals the expression context of hypermedia mediation, by focusing on archaelogical, technical, political, economical and legal problems. Publics and uses study allows to know the reception forms, the places and use conditions. The research relies on concrete experiments : mediation of archaeological heritage of Zama (Tunisia), production of Hypercarta system, archaeological work about the Montsérié site (Hautes-Pyrénées). On the basis of an espistemological critic, the thesis aimed at building a new comprehension of the hypermedia mediation of archaeological heritage perceived as a complex socio-technological process
Laoukili, Montaser. "Le massif de Zerhoun au Maroc : Histoire, Archéologie et Paysage Culturel". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES058.
This work attempts to answer a problematic of historical and land use planning. Social groups of various ethnic origins have settled in the Zerhoun massif in Morocco, on different periods. It is attested on the local substratum that before the arrival of Islam, flows of Berbers Arabs and Andalusian have succeeded. The site of Zerhoun, played since antiquity, a leitmotif role in the political and social history of ancient Morocco, whose Volubilis was the capital or the largest city of Mauretania Tingitana, and it continued to play its role after the Islamization of the country. With an antediluvian history, the Zerhoun massif benefits of a rich and varied landscape; composed of archaeological, urban and architectural heritage characterizing the transition between the different antagonisms that marked the power seizure in Morocco. However, this heritage is at the mercy of an accelerated degradation process. It is attempted at this work to propose many approaches for the rehabilitation and management of the architectural heritage, and the urban and the landscape of Zerhoun, which is part of a global strategy of integrated development. The study of cultural landscapes, in particular those recognized as associative and scalable, incites us to seek the possibilities of an active rehabilitation. Thereby, this work is part of a cross disciplinary approach that associates History and land use planning
Ismail, Randa. "Préservation et présentation du patrimoine archéologique dans les musées syriens au XXe siècle". Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE4015.
The syrian archaeology is developped during the 20th century, from the oldest periods to the medieval and modern ages. This book is at the same time an historiography of this research and a description of its contribution to the preservation and to the presentation as well as to the cultural policy of Syria and its partners. Firstly, this book realizes an analysis of the choice of the sites and their geographical distribution in the various regions of the country. Some of them were privileged, from the lime-stone northern syria to the basaltic country of Hauran in the south. The middle-Euphrates led to many missions for all the periods: Mari in the east, Ebla in central Syria. Palmyra and its steppes also led to many ancient and islamic researches. But, why other regions are neglected? For each case, starting from the map of the studied sites, this study analyse which period an which type of monuments each decade has studied but also which place was researched to a diachronic prospect from early pagan antiquity to Islam. In parallel, the used mode of search and strategies appears, from the excavation of an urban or rural complex, to regional prospections and the archaeology of planning and landscapes? How did we pass from collecting antiques to a true history of the "modes" of archaeology. The second part of the thesis studies the valorization of the heritage. Which policy of conservation and presentation did the study of the sites product? But also, which museographic policy did it contribute to this valorization of researchs and its results: from the Museum of Damascus to that of Palmyra, for exemple, an obvious evolution appears: its principles are analyzed. This book tries to give a clear idea of the evolution of research and of the patrimonial and museologic policy
Ansart, Arnaud. "Épistémologie d’une archéologie fragmentaire : le cas virú-gallinazo, côte nord du Pérou". Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040007.
During the XXth century, the viru-gallinazo term first refers to ceramic’s style and after it distinguishes a culture. Today, the archaeological consensus includes the viru-gallinazo remains as a"cultural phenomenon" and seeks to define it. But the epistemology shows the fragmented aspect on which are based those interpretations.This thesis proposes then a more complex approach of the viru-gallinazo "cultural phenomenon". It is based on the following ideas: art does not reflect the entirety of cultural events. Finally the meaning of an object may vary according to the context in which it is located. For that reason, this study sets out a crossed contextual analysis of the different categories of remains
Lemieux, Anne-Marie. "Changements environnementaux et culturels en milieu arctique : site archéologique IbGk-3, île Drayton, Inukjuak". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26559/26559.pdf.
Fradette, Rina. "Perception de la culture amérindienne à partir des pièces archéologiques et ethnologiques exposées dans un musée". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33785.pdf.
Thiam, Mandiome. "La céramique au Sénégal : archéologie et histoire". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010531.
The study of ceramics in Senegal accounts for deficiences in the classifications of potteries and the chronological groupings of sites. The arguments are methodological : the absence of real discriminating elements, the undefinite and nonreconductive methodology of the sampling techniques, and finally the limitations of any surface collections on a site in the senegal valley which became sloping as a result of intensive collection of shards. Our excavations at cuballel reinforce those lacunas : the elements of aprehension - the decorations on potteries which are the basis of the authors' classification - are lacking. The site under study has yielded radio carbon datings which figure among the oldest in the area. Multiple activities including ceramcs have been recognised since the beginning of the occupation. The chronology of the categories of potteries, tempering, and ornamental types was established. The eight traditional ceramics workshops visited showed technological and even cultural differences. The microscopic examination of thin shards shows three types of clay corresponding of three geographical areas, and which are interpreted according to local geological data. The ethno- archaeological approach gives prominence to the continuities and breakes in the ceramic production
Gutron, Clémentine. "Jeux généalogiques sur l'Antiquité : l'archéologie en Tunisie (XIXe-XXe siècles)". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0034.
Combining history of knowledge, cultural history and historiography, this study analyses how a field of knowledge, archaeology, is built up, in colonial Tunisia as weIl as after its independence. How is this acadeInic discipline, which rightly daims a scientific legitimacy, enlisted in argumentations which support imperialist or national daims? How do the definitions of identities and heritage evolve in such significantly different contexts as the colonial and national periods? This approach combines historical and anthropological methods, analysing specific case studies, and is based on a wide and varied documentation -scientific literature, archives surveys, field work, etc. The genealogical links at work which began in the 19 th century and are today made more complex due to the internationalisation related to the expansion of tourism, are interpreted through a set of thematic chapters' mixing diachronic points of view and synchronic analysis. Institutions, the hidden face of this activity, archaeologists, archaeological sites and finally the return of the Ancients, make up the different fields of observation from which the ties between archaeology and present are analysed. In what strives to be a contribution to the history of cultural relations between France and Tunisia, we support the thesis that archaeology is a human science which neglects itself and of which the et1ects on society have particularly serious consequences
El, gazafi Yousif ishag abdallah. "Les cultures et les royaumes anciens du Darfour et du Kordofan septentrional : Inventaire des sites archéologiques et de leur mobilier". Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30003.
This search is limited to areas of Darfur and Kordofan and tries to make a state of affairs from the few published reports of excavations and analysis of objects preserved in the museum storage Sudan. This part of Sudan is lack of research and archaeological work, a largely empty in the history covered by several centuries. The study of these sites and objects has been done in several ways : chronological study, analysis of production and their technical evolution, distribution of materials, identification of human occupations. The limit time considered in this study extends from the Paleotlthic to the Islamic period, and focuses on the archaeological sites and materials, according to this, the two regions show rich cultures and different development which parallel to the Nile Valley in almost all historical periods. The objective of this research is to shed a light to the antiquity and ancient history of Darfur and North Kordofan, which will be useful for future work
Cicolani, Veronica. "Diffusion du mobilier de Golasecca au nord des Alpes au premier âge du Fer : des éléments vestimentaires aux réseaux de circulations à moyenne et à longue distance". Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2006.
Based on the critical inventory of more than five hundred clothing accessories from the southern-Alps discovered in the northern-Alps, the present work aims at characterising the role of the Golasecca civilisation in the growth of circulation networks linking up the western Mediterranean to Celtic civilisations. Personal belongings discovered in many alpine and transalpine settlements and burial places bear witness of a direct implication of the Golasecca culture in medium and long-distance trades. This implication results in phenomena of cultural mix, technological transfer and mixed nature population, that are perceptible in certain areas of the alpine massif as well as through some displacements and relatively long-time frequenting of the main Hallstattian local settlements of varied kind and status. As a phenomenon which is partly linked to the emergence of aristocratic societies, the circulating of luxurious objects and ornaments illustrates the fact that Gollasecca has been a major go-between in the trade and communication networks between Mediterranean cultures and Hallstatt chiefs
Recchia, Johanna. "Le vase et le corps : archéologie du caractère anthropomorphe des poteries du Néolithique en Méditerranée nord-occidentale". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30081/document.
This thesis proposes to study the question of the relations between the body and the Neolithic pottery through the case of so-called anthropomorphous vases in the north-western Mediterranean.The first part presents the problematic of this thesis and presents the chronological and geographical framework. We make a brief review of the knowledge of the presence of this type of artefacts and commonly proposed interpretations, and we expose the methods by which we intend to analyze anthropomorphic vases.The second part presents the corpus of vases collected in the catalog (volume 2) by chrono-cultural area. It proposes a typological classification of these pottery and it discusses more particularly the modalities of their emergence in the North-Western Mediterranean, their diffusion or their evolution.The last part questions the choice of pottery as a medium of Neolithic body representation. The creation of a repository of data from ethnology, ethnoarchaeology or narratives allows us to situate our object of study in the field of metaphor and to approach it as a sign. We draw inspiration from theories from semiology and more generally from cultural anthropology in order to get out of the usual accepted archaeological interpretations.The results lead us to propose a definition of anthropomorphic vases and to discuss the phenomenon of the anthropomorphization of vases in the Neolithic context and the effects of agro-pastoral lifestyles on the production of the body's imaginary
Schmidt, Katja. "Les Enceintes de la culture à céramique linéaire". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20072.
Linearbandceramic enclosures are known throughout West and Central Europe, which is the studies region. The varieties of shape, as well as the structures themselves have repetitively fuelled the scientific discussion, in the process of which a variety of functional hypotheses have been created. The most favoured ones amongst these are the defensive and the ceremonial function. So far it was always presumed that these enclosures were constructed in relatively short time in one work process. With the discovery of the Rosheim enclosure this assumption was questioned. It could be demonstrated that the enclosure was built of a series of short ditches which were later angled. According to the structure of the enclosure and the finds ceremonial function was not feasible. The method of construction, based on the finds was reconstructed. This method was verified through the studies of the Herxheim earthwork. These studies lead to a classification of architectural characteristics. This study was then extended to all linearbandceramic enclosures, earthworks and palisades. The analysis demonstrated that more enclosures show similar features. It is therefore a feature that occurs in the entire area. The so-called Rosheim-type was identified, a structure that combines social with ceremonial functions. Furthermore a second type with continuous ditch can also be found in the entire are. Yet at this point no specific function can be allocated to it. Specific architectural methods could be established for the palisades, but based on the patchy basis we cannot currently offer a study that goes beyond a basic description
Ruffa, Michela. "Habitats et céramiques de la culture de Golasecca en Italie nord-occidentale". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10123.
Touchard-Houlbert, Anne. "Rupture et continuité dans la chronologie de la côte équatorienne : réflexions autour de la culture Manteña-Guancavilca". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010518.
Cassola, Virginia. "L’Arabie saoudite : musées, territoires, identités : collectes et expositions de l’objet archéologique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0286/document.
What do the processes of collection and exhibition of pre-Islamic and Islamic objects bring to the definition of a specific relationship between Saudi Arabia and its archaeological objects? The objective is to describe the “conscious and systematic” Saudi conservation activities to understand how archaeological objects have come to embody pieces of the cradle of Islam’s “heritage”. To study the collection and exhibition of archaeological objects from a centred-object approach should allow the understanding of the recognition given to pre-Islamic and Islamic objects in Saudi Arabia. The thesis is organized in two parts. The first aims to introduce the collection process of archaeological objects in Ottoman and Saudi Arabia (1761-1981) as well as its impact on the recognition of archaeological objects transformed into national antiquities. A chronological track is privileged, from ethnographic scientific missions to epigraphic and archaeological ones conducted between 1761 and 1953 by foreigners, to the Saudi nationalization of archaeology along with the creation of a Department of Antiquities and Museums in 1963 and of a Department of Archaeology at the King Saud University in 1967, and the launch of a first five-year plan of archaeological excavations between 1976 and 1981. The second part presents the public exhibition process of these national antiquities. The chronological path followed in the first part is pursued to account for three exhibition contexts of these antiquities between 1978 and 2015: in regional museums, in the National Museum, and within temporary exhibitions abroad. The presentation of these exhibitions leads to the understanding of both the semiotic transformation of collected archaeological objects and the inner recognition of the pre-Islamic past of Saudi Arabia
Schwarz, Alexia. "La protection du patrimoine archéologique en droit national et en droit international : le cas des Mayas, en Mésoamérique". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010615.
Moullé, Prévost Clémence. "Transmettre un patrimoine dispersé : le cas des vestiges archéologiques chypriotes depuis 1960 : processus, enjeux actuels et nouvelles orientations". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20014.
The archaeological heritage of Cy-prus is one of the foundations of the territorial and cultural identity of a country that is still divi-ded, yet it remains largely unknown outside the scientific community. However, the development of archaeological excavations since the 19th century has enabled the formation of various collections throughout Europe. These collections preserve and exhibit a scattered archaeological heritage, and its meaning is only partly acces-sible. Passing on this heritage relies on both the preservation and the display of the remains. Based on empirical investigations, the thesis draws up an up-to-date overview of this heritage. Thus, the means used to preserve and enhance it are analyzed, starting from 1960 - the date when Cyprus became an independent state and began implementing its own policy for protecting and enhancing its heritage - to the present day. To this end, a selection of sites and monuments is studied - they are representative of different periods of the island’s history - as well as a nu-mber of permanent exhibitions in Cyprus and in the major museums of Europe. This study invites questioning the history of archaeology and ar-chaeological collections: it suggests comparing preservation and display methods, in order to highlight the current issues at stake. On the ba-sis of this comparative and diachronic analysis, this thesis then proposes to explore the possible perspectives for giving meaning to this shared heritage. Lastly, the matter of the archaeological context is discussed in the final part of the thesis. Archaeological context is revealed as of crucial importance in the transmission of the heritage, promoting new visitor experiences
Cann, Typhaine. "L'invention du paysage culturel sous-marin : le traitement en patrimoine des épaves de la Mer d'Iroise et ses ambiguïtés". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0021/document.
This research investigates the tendency we have to use things as mediators in our dealing with the past. It aims at drawing the evolution of the status of the things taken back from the sea by inhabitants of coastal areas. Underwater pictures may have become part of our daily life, but not long ago the ocean was still considered as the realm of the unknown, a reality that people didn’t challenge fearlessly. To pick up what stand as foreshore, which seemed nevertheless to play a fundamental part in the interactions between human societies and the ocean, induces a certain unease, for this practise depends on an “economy of salvage” which is at odds with domestic life. This trouble is strenghten by a “culture macabre” which pervades the atmosphere in traditional Brittany (partly fostered by castaways). Still, nowadays the balance seems to be likely to reverse, and it is man who appears as being a threat hanging over the Ocean. The creation of a rotected Marine Area in western Finistere is part of a global system aimed at managing time and space, including patrimonialization of shipwrecks. The inquiry shows that the engraving of memory in public areas echoes with the exhibition of individual memory in privacy. Between “trophies” and “relics”, the souvenirs salvaged by divers reveal the strenght of mechanisms of identification to the group, to places and to their history. These mechanisms are not always conscious. We shall not deny the ambiguity of such process of reinventing the past but this study intends to highlight the emotional affects observed on the ground
Caillot, Laure. "Sculpture antique, patrimoine et identité nationale au regard des musées helléniques : l’exemple du Musée national archéologique d’Athènes". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10064.
Anatole-Gabriel, Vinson Isabelle. "Essai d'histoire intellectuelle et politique du patrimoine international 1945-1992". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0103.
Several proposals may be put forward in order to address the question of how a collective being such as the economy emerged and regularly tests its existence. This thesis intends to answer this problem by studying the contribution of the economists to its describability. How the economy has been progressively constituted like an area on which if is possible to intervene and act, but about which one can also measure and predict movements as if was driven by its own forces? ln that purpose this thesis is based on several investigations mobilizing interviews, archives and ethnographic observations. Through a few seminal episodes in France during the 20th century, it studies various layouts of the economy. The analysis begins on the actions taken to bring the economy as a specific area. It continues on planning developments of the 1960s, and on the paradigm shift of the 1980s. By examining how each episode contributes to give to the economy a surplus of existence, this thesis shows how economists have been able to gradually occupy a central place in State institutions. This research shows how the increased role of economics moves the forms of legitimacy underlying political regimes, to the detriment of a policy relied on the "general will". Ft thus reflects the process by which economic phenomena have appeared gradually as natural facts and sometimes even as necessary and unsurpassable facts
Pinto, Alfonso. "Une archéologie du présent. Les espaces urbains dans le cinéma-catastrophe". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN050/document.
This research is mainly aimed at giving a contribute to the stabilization of the cinematographic instrument inside geography. It will particularly be focused on three possible ways to use movies within the geographical studies: movies as a representation of space, as imagination of places and, finally, as a conceptual example. The research will essentially be centered on the imagination of urban spaces in the catastrophic movies and particularly on the capability they might have to give urban spaces a new system of visibility. The corpus of the analysis is formed of sixty-two movies, mostly deriving from science fiction.From this perspective, the initial idea is to combine the temporal dimension, which is at the basis of science fiction (especially the ideas of the future) with the spatial dimension personified by urban spaces. The first relation between this imagination and the urban realities feeds on a “crisologic” interpretation: these movies help to stabilize a diegetic universe which is full of several pathologies that have been distressing the urban development for the last 50 years. Conversely, the last point will aim at widening the scope of the previous considerations. The imagination of catastrophes and their increasing success will be included in the contemporary Zeitraumgeist (“spirit of time and space”). I will particularly concentrate on a possible change inside our relation to space and time. In this context, the framework of reference will be the concept of modernity which is here considered, among the many meanings, as an essentially time-space experience. The conclusion will lead to develop the hypothesis of a “neo-modernity”, a neologism that is used to define the inner changes in our way to experiencing time (past, present, future) and the urban space
Beghdadi, Ymouna. "Politique culturelle patrimoniale de l'Algérie indépendante (1962-2010) : état des lieux, institutionnalisation, pratiques et stratégies". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010587.
After the independence, Algeria developed a cultural policy for the overall management of its cultural heritage. An assessment of the former indicated deplorable cultural development conditions which were inherited from the colonial era. A policy of institutionalization of the different aspects of the national heritage was implemented gradually, accompanied by the implementation of important laws. The beginnings of Algerian archeology were characterized by empirical practices that typically arose from the lack of qualified human resources. A special attention was given to the Islamic archeology with regard to the significant delay that occurred in the ancient times. However, the difficulties inherent to the implementation of training, insufficient resources, etc...) have contributed to maintain the development of the heritage sector, unfortunately no to the desired extent. A case study that focuses on two the museums, the archeological museums of Cherchel ; the first site museum is of colonial design and creation and the second one is of an Algerian design. This case study highlights the strategies, approaches and practices of the Algerian museums
Canghiari, Emanuela. "La dialectique des restes : circulation, trafic et appropriation des vestiges archéologiques au Pérou". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH036/document.
The aim of this ethnographic research, carried out in Peru as of 2008, is to map the practices, moral discourses and multiple strategies which underlie the appropriation of relics and archaeological objects by different actors. This topic is analysed through the prism of art trafficking and practices considered to be illicit. A multi-sited ethnography (Marcus 1995) and a methodology based in the biography of objects (Kopytoff, 1986) allows to reconstruct the circuit of ceramics, from production (clandestine digging) to consumption (purchase), through various forms of exchange, gift and counterfeit. From treasures to cultural goods, from artefacts to oddities, the itinerary of these objects sheds light on the multiplicity of their socio-political uses and the evolution of legitimation authorities concerned by them. The thesis focuses more specifically on the region of Lambayeque, on the northern Peruvian coast, which has been characterised by extraordinary archaeological discoveries (Mochica civilisation) over the last few decades. It shows that, far from being the product of consensus, the heritage making and touristic development, as an economic and symbolical resource, can exacerbate conflicts, creating dynamics of inclusion and exclusion. In fact, the historical opposition between heritage conservationists and destroyers reinforces the asymmetry between professionals and bearer communities, in terms of knowledge and power. Moreover, a destructive attitude and commercial interest in relics, considered as the sign of a lack of filiation and therefore of continuity and « authenticity », hinders inhabitants’ participation. In order to be recognized as legitimate actors, and not as simple beneficiaries of heritage making they are obliged to reformulate their value regimes and renegotiate their logics of belonging
Reverdy-Médélice, Isabelle. "La valorisation du patrimoine : problèmes méthodologiques, limites et enjeux de la restitution archéologique et historique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH024/document.
The aim of my thesis was to offer a detailed study of an area which, if regularly used for the extension of Archaeology and History, has never been so far the subject of a specific study, according to our knowledge. Archaeological and historical reconstruction is nevertheless a phenomenon, especially in the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian countries, that plays a key role in both scientific research and release of heritage to the general public. Articles and books that are interested in this or that method of reconstruction are frequently published in France.This research work is divided in three parts: the first one is devoted to a historic of reconstruction and representations of the past, through space and time. From antiquity to today, we will study the evolution of staging and set images on events, buildings and figures in history, as well as values and taboos associated to these representations of the past. Give a picture, realistic or symbolic of the past and not only allude to it by spoken or written means, is a desire that seems to have been present among men in all ages and in all civilizations. Mirrors of the eras that created them and perceptions of the men of their own society and those who preceded them, ancient historical and archaeological reconstructions are important testimony. The second part is based on the analysis of three examples of archaeological and historical representation made in France and on European sites. They were chosen for their paradigm and their respective places in the advanced techniques and expectations of scientists as well as the public supposed to watch them. The third and last part goes to the heart of the subject and, in particular, from the examples discussed above, offers an interrogation upon the limits and the challenges of archaeological and historical reconstructions. This issue is particularly topical in the late twentieth and early twenty-First century. For three reasons: the development of cultural tourism and the development of interactive archaeological parks, the amplification of heritage policies, the increase in the public educated in image reading which is waiting not only for the researcher’s result of a hypothesis but also its justification. So the reconstruction issues are crucial. A sign of it is that more and more doctoral thesis of archeological sites offers reconstructions. The archaeological authorities of many countries now stipulate that a significant proportion of the budget of the search must be devoted to subsequent promotion, of which the center is reconstruction. The latter therefore falls outside the strict framework of museums and now requires a variety of actors who were only superficially interested in these issues. The explosion in use of reconstructions appears as an ambiguous triumph. Indeed, the various actors who use the reconstruction are not aiming the same goals: between those who experience a working hypothesis and those who are expecting pedagogical resource as teaching tools, or those looking for an image to generate a sentimental investment of a place, the common denominator is very difficult, if not impossible, to find. In addition, a major limitation of archaeological and historical reconstructions lies mainly in the ephemeral nature of their scientific validity, even if their life is sometimes very long. An historiography of these achievements is necessary, because they reflect the context of their building as much as the era they are supposed to bring back to life
Chrysovitsanou, Vasiliki. "L'art cycladique et sa réception : les statuettes du Bronze Ancien devant la culture moderne : archéologie et histoire de l'art". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010647.
Florès, Blancaneaux Annabella. "Contribution à l'étude de la disparition de la culture salaoïde aux Petites Antilles : corrélation préhistorique possible entre climat et culture". Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0270.
IN THE LESSER ANTILLES, THE TROUMASSOID REPRESENTS A TRANSITION PHASE (600-900 AD) IN THE SALADOID CERAMIC PERIOD. AROUND 900/1200 AD, ITS EXTENSION, THE SUAZOID, MAINTAINS THE DEGENERA-nON AND IN 1450/1500 AD IT CONCLUDES THIS LATE SALADOID EVOLUTION CALLED THE POST-SALADOID. THIS COMPLEX AND CONTROVERSIAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERIOD IS DEFINED BY: CHANGES IN THE DECORATION AND THE MANUFACTURING OF THE CERAMICS, PROFOUND MODIFICATIONS IN THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AND THE IDEOLOGY, CHANGES IN THE SETTLEMENT PATTERN AND THE SUBSISTENCE BASE, INCREASINGLY DEPENDENT UPON MARINE RESOURCES AND THE MANGROVES. IN THE GREATER ANTILLES, THIS EQUIVALENT SALADOID CULTURE WILL PERSIST IN A CONTEMPORANEOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERIOD CALLED OSTIONOIQ, WHICH DEVELOPS INTO THE TAINO CULTURE. ONE CAN ASSUME THAT A BROAD ENVIRONMENT, A VARIETY OF FOOD RESOURCES, WATER MANAGEMENT AND AN EXTENSIVE POPULATION, MIGHT HAVE LESSENED THE IMPACT 0'F THE CLiMATIC CONSTRAINTS. RECENT STUDIES SHOW EVIDENCE OF AN IMPORTANT CLiMATE VARIATION TAKING PLACE IN THE CARIBBEAN BASIN AROUND 800/900 AD. ONE MAY WONDER IF THE RADICAL CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT BY A SUDDEN DRYNESS OF THE ENVIRONMENT COULD BE REASONS ENOUGH TO EXPLAIN THESE EVENTS AND FIND ANSWERS TO THE OUTCOMING QUESTIONS. IN THIS STUDY, WE WILL ATTEMPT TO UNCOVER THE REASONS FOR THE EXTINCTION OF THE SALADOID CULTURE IN THE LESSER ANTILLES. IN THE GREATER ANTILLES, THIS SAME CULTURE REACHES ITS PEAK IN WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE TAINO SOCIETY
Mathis, François. "Croissance et propriétés des couches d'oxydation et des patines à la surface d'alliages cuivreux d'intérêt archéologique ou artistique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011255.
Nous nous sommes intéressés aux couches provenant d'oxydations à haute température et aux patines intentionnelles antiques.
Nous avons développé les méthodes analytiques non destructives et les dispositifs expérimentaux les plus adaptés à ces problématiques en nous basant principalement sur les analyses par faisceau d'ions.
L'oxydation à haute température du système cuivre-étain a été étudiée de manière approfondie, tant au niveau de la nature des couches, des cinétiques de croissance que des mécanismes réactionnels. Nous avons proposé un modèle tenant compte de tous les résultats expérimentaux que nous avons obtenus, mettant en évidence le rôle inhibiteur de l'étain.
Nous avons également étudié les patines intentionnelles antiques qui sont le résultats de traitements chimiques effectués par l'artisan pour modifier l'aspect et la couleur du matériau métallique. Pour cela nous avons analysé un corpus d'objet provenant des collections de divers musées nationaux, s'étalant de l'Egypte Antique à l'Empire romain.
Ces analyses ont permis d'augmenter significativement les données présentes dans la littérature sur ce type d'objets et sur ces techniques. Elles ont permis la fabrication d'analogues de laboratoire en expérimentant différentes recettes présentes dans la littérature. Les résultats des analyses d'objets et de ces expérimentations ont permis des avancées dans la connaissance de ce type de couches d'oxyde très particulières, mais aussi dans le domaine de l'histoire des techniques et stylistique dans l'Antiquité méditerranéenne.