Articoli di riviste: "Crops and climate"

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Heffernan, Olive. "Cooling crops". Nature Climate Change 1, n. 902 (22 gennaio 2009): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/climate.2009.5.

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M, Gidi. "Advances in Genomics: Crops Adapting to Climate Change". Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 8, n. 2 (5 aprile 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000264.

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In a world where food consumption is rising, climate change poses a severe danger to feeding a growing population. Previously, increased agricultural output was achieved by using fertilizer and insecticides for improved weed and pest control. However, these techniques rely on exhaustible resources and are frequently unstable. Current developments in advanced genetics are paving the door for long-term agricultural intensification and greater global warming crop adaptability. The amount of quality genomic information accessible has been rapidly increasing as a result of the widespread usage of genome sequencing technology. The increasing availability of genomic data has facilitated the shift to plant pan-genomics, allowing researchers to easily know the diversity and available traits for crop improvement and cultivar development. These advancements enhance genomic-assisted breeding, which allows for the quick engagement of candidate genes in climatic conditions and agricultural characteristics, enabling the development of resilient crops.

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Hmielowski, Tracy. "Making Crops Climate Ready". CSA News 64, n. 4 (aprile 2019): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/csa2019.64.0403.

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Banga, Surinder S., e Manjit S. Kang. "Developing Climate-Resilient Crops". Journal of Crop Improvement 28, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2014): 57–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2014.865410.

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Reilly, John. "Crops and climate change". Nature 367, n. 6459 (gennaio 1994): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/367118a0.

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Kopeć, Przemysław. "Climate Change—The Rise of Climate-Resilient Crops". Plants 13, n. 4 (8 febbraio 2024): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13040490.

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Climate change disrupts food production in many regions of the world. The accompanying extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and cold snaps, pose threats to crops. The concentration of carbon dioxide also increases in the atmosphere. The United Nations is implementing the climate-smart agriculture initiative to ensure food security. An element of this project involves the breeding of climate-resilient crops or plant cultivars with enhanced resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Modern agriculture, which is currently homogeneous, needs to diversify the species and cultivars of cultivated plants. Plant breeding programs should extensively incorporate new molecular technologies, supported by the development of field phenotyping techniques. Breeders should closely cooperate with scientists from various fields of science.

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SAAB, ANNE. "Climate-Resilient Crops and International Climate Change Adaptation Law". Leiden Journal of International Law 29, n. 2 (29 aprile 2016): 503–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156516000121.

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AbstractThis article explores the role of international climate change adaptation law in promoting the use of genetically engineered crops as an adaptation strategy. The severity of climate change impacts and the realization that, by now, some adverse effects are inevitable, has intensified the urgency to devise effective adaptation strategies. Genetically engineered climate-resilient crops are presented as one possible means to adapt to the predicted adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture and crop yields. Despite increased attention on the research and development of climate-resilient crops, particularly by private sector seed corporations, there are many controversies surrounding this proposed adaptation strategy. The key contentions relate to apprehensions about genetically engineered crops more generally, the effectiveness of climate-resilient crops, and the involvement of the private sector in international climate change adaptation initiatives.The main argument in this article is that the emerging field of international climate change adaptation law contributes to promoting genetically engineered climate-resilient crops as a possible means of adaptation. Moreover, international adaptation law creates an enabling environment for the active engagement of private sector corporations in devising adaptation strategies. Notwithstanding controversies over genetically engineered crops and the role of the private sector, there has been little consideration so far of the influence of the growing international legal regime on climate change on the types of adaptation strategies that are devised and promoted.

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Sharafi, Saeed, Mohammad Javad Nahvinia e Fatemeh Salehi. "Assessing the Water Footprints (WFPs) of Agricultural Products across Arid Regions: Insights and Implications for Sustainable Farming". Water 16, n. 9 (6 maggio 2024): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16091311.

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Water resource management has emerged as a pivotal concern within arid regions in recent times. The water footprint (WFP) index stands out as a principal gauge for facilitating comprehensive watershed management. This study endeavors to compute the WFP of diverse agricultural products encompassing major crops, orchards, cucurbits, and medicinal plants across arid regions. This research focuses on three distinct climate scenarios: the Shazand Plain with a semidry climate, the Khomein Plain characterized by a dry climate, and the Saveh Plain exhibiting a very dry climate. This study also seeks to ascertain the climate most conducive to cultivating crops from a WFP (green, blue, and gray) perspective. To achieve these objectives, this study employed the CropWat family software to determine crop water requirements, as well as considering crop yield and relevant parameters for calculations. The findings of the investigation unveiled that the cultivated areas in the respective climates amounted to 19,479 ha (semidry), 18,166 ha (dry), and 41,682 ha (very dry). These areas were allocated as follows: 88%, 85%, and 55% for crops; 11%, 13%, and 40% for orchards; and 1%, 2%, and 5% for cucurbit crops. Importantly, the very dry climate was predisposed to allocating more land for low-water-demand orchards. Among the major crops, wheat occupied 44%, 39%, and 43% of the total areas in the semidry, dry, and very dry climates, respectively. Analyzing the overall agricultural output in these climates, it was revealed that over 79%, 69%, and 66% of production correlated with crops; 17%, 19%, and 22% with orchards; and 4%, 12%, and 12% with cucurbits, respectively. In terms of water consumption, maize and apples emerged as the highest performers, with varying consumption patterns across different crops. Interestingly, canola exhibited a substantially higher WFP, surpassing wheat and barley by 56.48% and 58.85%, respectively, in dry climates. Cucurbit crops, on the other hand, displayed a lower WFP in dry climates, which could potentially encourage their cultivation. The influence of climate warming on canola’s WFPgray introduced complexity, challenging the conventional correlation between WFP and yields. Medicinal plants consistently demonstrated lower WFP values, underscoring the need for deliberate and considerate cultivation decisions in this regard.

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Morton, Lois Wright, e Lori J. Abendroth. "Crops, climate, culture, and change". Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 72, n. 3 (2017): 47A—52A. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.72.3.47a.

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Kuden, A. B. "Climate change affects fruit crops". Acta Horticulturae, n. 1281 (giugno 2020): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1281.57.

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Gleadow, Roslyn, Alexander Johnson e Michael Tausz. "Crops for a future climate". Functional Plant Biology 40, n. 2 (2013): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fpv40n2_fo.

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The papers in this special issue were mainly derived from sessions at the International Botanical Congress in July 2011 in Melbourne, and at the ComBio meeting in Cairns, September 2011. They make contributions towards one of the most burning issues we face today: increasing sustainable crop production to provide sufficient high quality food to feed an ever increasing global human population, all in the face of climate change. Plant and crop science will have a major part in ensuring that agricultural production can meet these multiple demands. Contributions in this volume go beyond raising issues and highlighting potential effects of climate change factors, but also point out ways to better adapt to the inevitable.

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McGrath, Justin. "Climate, pollution and California’s crops". Nature Food 1, n. 3 (marzo 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0052-7.

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MATSUOKA, Yuzuru, e Kiyoshi Takahashi. "Climate change impact on crops productivity". ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 23 (1995): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proer1988.23.255.

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Caruso, Raul, Ilaria Petrarca e Roberto Ricciuti. "Climate change, rice crops, and violence". Journal of Peace Research 53, n. 1 (gennaio 2016): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343315616061.

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Jansson, Christer, John Vogel, Samuel Hazen, Thomas Brutnell e Todd Mockler. "Climate-smart crops with enhanced photosynthesis". Journal of Experimental Botany 69, n. 16 (1 maggio 2018): 3801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery213.

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Ezekannagha e Crespo. "Suitability Evaluation of Underutilized Crops Under Future Climate Change Using Ecocrop Model: A Case of Bambara Groundnut in Nigeria". Proceedings 36, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036053.

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The agricultural crop system depends on a few major staple crops such as rice, maize, wheat, sorghum, soybeans, amongst others for food production, leaving certain crops underutilized. Even though these underutilized crops have the potentials of diversifying and sustaining the food and nutrition systems while presenting different resilience to climatic conditions. As the world’s population continues to increase and climate change keeps occurring, these major staple crops are being negatively affected. This study focuses on evaluating the spatial suitability of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), an indigenous underutilized African legume under past and future climate scenarios in Nigeria, West Africa, where farmers depend mostly on rainfed agriculture. Ten bias-corrected CMIP5 Global climate models simulation downscaled by the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) regional climate model, RCA4 under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario was used to drive the crop suitability model-Ecocrop. The spatial changes in Bambara groundnut suitability were evaluated under 1 past climate period -historical (1980-2010), and 3 future climate period - near future (2010-2040), mid-century (2040-2070), and end century (2070-2099). Our result projects southern Nigeria to remain suitable and an increase in the suitable areas across other parts of the country in future climates. Projected changes were observed in the planting month for Bambara groundnut. The study is relevant and will contribute to the discussions of increasing the number of crops cultivated under climate change as an adaptation strategy towards ensuring a sustainable food system in Nigeria.

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Anusha M R e Mohammad Amir. "Integrating Omics Approaches for Climate-Resilient Crops: A Comprehensive Review". Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, n. 6 (15 maggio 2024): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i6895.

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Climate change is a looming threat to global agriculture, impacting temperature, rainfall patterns, pest dynamics, and soil quality. These challenges transcend numerous crops vital for global food security. Drought, soil acidity, and nutrient fluctuations induced by climate change impede crop productivity, necessitating the development of breeding strategies to produce climate-resilient varieties. This review delves into the integration of omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to bolster breeding programs across diverse crops. By harnessing high-throughput technologies, researchers gain insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying traits such as stress resistance, yield, and disease tolerance. The cultivation of elite cultivars with enhanced stress tolerance is paramount for sustainable agriculture in the face of climate change. Various breeding approaches, encompassing functional genomics and mutagenomics, are explored alongside the application of genome editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN for targeted trait enhancement. Through the integration of multi-omics data, novel genetic targets are unearthed, facilitating the development of crop varieties resilient to climate-induced stressors beyond maize. This review underscores the significance of multi-omics in crop breeding and highlights strides made toward climate-resilient crop production. Understanding crop responses to abiotic stresses induced by climate change is imperative for the development of resilient varieties. The integration of modern genetics into classical breeding methods aims to cultivate stress-resistant cultivars, mitigating food security risks. Multi-omics approaches play pivotal roles in unraveling crop performance and stress tolerance mechanisms under diverse environmental conditions. Moving forward, the integration of multi-omics approaches will pinpoint candidate genes and pathways, enabling precision breeding to enhance crop performance amidst changing climates. These endeavors will propel the advancement of climate-resilient crops, safeguarding global food security in the face of climate change's challenges.

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Ha, Thanh Mai, Sayvisene Boulom, Fue Yang, Pisidh Voe, Cong Duan Dao, Thi Thanh Loan Le, Xuan Phi Dang et al. "Factors influencing farmers’ climate change adaptation in Southeast Asia: A comparative study from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia". APN Science Bulletin 13, n. 1 (11 aprile 2023): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/10.30852/sb.2023.2101/.

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Southeast Asia is among the most climate-vulnerable regions in the world. Despite this, little is known about how climate change adaptation at the household level differs across countries in this geographic region. This cross-country study investigated factors influencing adopting three adaptation practices: growing climate-tolerant crops, intercropping, and switching to cash crops in some selected provinces in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Based on the survey data from 1017 farm households in these three countries, the paper found that surveyed households in Laos and Cambodia were less likely to adopt the three practices than those in Vietnam. Perception about the impacts of climate change and perceived usefulness of climate change adaptation consistently influenced the adoption likelihood of those practices. Information on climate change shaped farmers’ decision to select climate-tolerant varieties and diversify crops. Policy implications aiming at fostering farmers’ adoption of adaptation practices are discussed.

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Bhattacharjee, Panchaal, Omkar Warang, Susmita Das e Shubranil Das. "Impact of Climate Change on Fruit Crops- A Review". Current World Environment 17, n. 2 (10 settembre 2022): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.2.4.

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Climate change is becoming an observed reality. Several researchers around the world have been working for decades to model predicted climatic changes that will occur in the 21st century and forecast the potential impact on the global eco-system. Climate plays a major role in deciding perennial fruit crop’s distribution, phenology, fruit quality, and disease and pest incidents. Physiological and yield attributes of fruits are sensitive to changing global climate as the climatic factors such as temperature rainfall etc. has direct co-relation with the regulatory physiological events of fruit trees. Despite increasing atmospheric CO2, which is needed for plant photosynthetic activity, the future of food production remains uncertain due to global warming and abnormal precipitation. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of information on the practical effects of pests and diseases in a climate change, which may have an effect on food availability in future. Studies suggested not only productivity but also quality of fruits will be impaired under the variable growing climates year to year. Plant diversity loss and area suitability issues would lead to more problems. In the face of such challenges to world fruit production, a plan-based strategic scientific evaluation of such effects, as well as adaptation and mitigation strategies, should be quantified. This review article briefly discusses effect of climate change on various fruit crops as well as approaches to mitigate with these future challenges.

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Osborne, Tom, Julia Slingo, David Lawrence e Tim Wheeler. "Examining the Interaction of Growing Crops with Local Climate Using a Coupled Crop–Climate Model". Journal of Climate 22, n. 6 (15 marzo 2009): 1393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2494.1.

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Abstract This paper examines to what extent crops and their environment should be viewed as a coupled system. Crop impact assessments currently use climate model output offline to drive process-based crop models. However, in regions where local climate is sensitive to land surface conditions more consistent assessments may be produced with the crop model embedded within the land surface scheme of the climate model. Using a recently developed coupled crop–climate model, the sensitivity of local climate, in particular climate variability, to climatically forced variations in crop growth throughout the tropics is examined by comparing climates simulated with dynamic and prescribed seasonal growth of croplands. Interannual variations in land surface properties associated with variations in crop growth and development were found to have significant impacts on near-surface fluxes and climate; for example, growing season temperature variability was increased by up to 40% by the inclusion of dynamic crops. The impact was greatest in dry years where the response of crop growth to soil moisture deficits enhanced the associated warming via a reduction in evaporation. Parts of the Sahel, India, Brazil, and southern Africa were identified where local climate variability is sensitive to variations in crop growth, and where crop yield is sensitive to variations in surface temperature. Therefore, offline seasonal forecasting methodologies in these regions may underestimate crop yield variability. The inclusion of dynamic crops also altered the mean climate of the humid tropics, highlighting the importance of including dynamical vegetation within climate models.

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Gouthami Y., Nimisha Tiwari, Nirjharnee Nandeha, Saket Dubey, Piyush Singh, Divyashree N. e Nilesh Ninama. "Climate Change Impact on Horticultural Crops: A Review". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, n. 23 (14 dicembre 2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i234210.

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Our civilization is fundamentally based on agriculture, which provides resources and food to an expanding population. But because of rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and a rise in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, climate change is endangering this industry. Our study aims to fill a significant gap in the existing literature by focusing on the effects of climate change on vegetable crops. It also highlights the need to address climate change in a differentiated manner, taking into account the unique characteristics of each agricultural sector. By using the Web of Science and Scopus databases, 219 publications were carefully examined to see which ones fully addressed how climate change is affecting vegetable crops. Only 53 of the 219 publications that were reviewed were solely concerned with how climate change is affecting vegetable crops. This suggests that more specialised research is needed in this field, especially considering the complex issues that climate change raises regarding yield, non-trivial quality, and food safety. Future research in this area is therefore encouraged. Crop-based adaptation techniques are required, taking into account the crop's characteristics, degree of sensitivity, and agro-ecological zone. In addition, monitoring the ability of various horticulture crops to absorb carbon dioxide in comparison to annual field crops can help create a blueprint for addressing climate change-related problems.

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Slingo, Julia M., Andrew J. Challinor, Brian J. Hoskins e Timothy R. Wheeler. "Introduction: food crops in a changing climate". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, n. 1463 (24 ottobre 2005): 1983–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1755.

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Changes in both the mean and the variability of climate, whether naturally forced, or due to human activities, pose a threat to crop production globally. This paper summarizes discussions of this issue at a meeting of the Royal Society in April 2005. Recent advances in understanding the sensitivity of crops to weather, climate and the levels of particular gases in the atmosphere indicate that the impact of these factors on crop yields and quality may be more severe than previously thought. There is increasing information on the importance to crop yields of extremes of temperature and rainfall at key stages of crop development. Agriculture will itself impact on the climate system and a greater understanding of these feedbacks is needed. Complex models are required to perform simulations of climate variability and change, together with predictions of how crops will respond to different climate variables. Variability of climate, such as that associated with El Niño events, has large impacts on crop production. If skilful predictions of the probability of such events occurring can be made a season or more in advance, then agricultural and other societal responses can be made. The development of strategies to adapt to variations in the current climate may also build resilience to changes in future climate. Africa will be the part of the world that is most vulnerable to climate variability and change, but knowledge of how to use climate information and the regional impacts of climate variability and change in Africa is rudimentary. In order to develop appropriate adaptation strategies globally, predictions about changes in the quantity and quality of food crops need to be considered in the context of the entire food chain from production to distribution, access and utilization. Recommendations for future research priorities are given.

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de Melo, Alberto Soares, e Hans Raj Gheyi. "Horticultural Crops under Stresses". Plants 12, n. 19 (26 settembre 2023): 3400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12193400.

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Kashyap, Vivek, J. K. Yadav, N. K. Sharma, S. K. Dubey, Rajeev Singh, J. P. Kannaujia, Shashi Shekhar, Vaishali Singh e Deepti Singh. "Climate Change Impact on Insect Population in Vegetable Crops: A Review". UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, n. 9 (11 aprile 2024): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i94019.

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One of the world's largest nations, India is known for its distinctive landscape, which distinguishes it as a distinct geographical entity and a global center of mega diversity. Pest populations in vegetable crops may be significantly impacted by climate change. Additionally, warmer temperatures can lead to faster insect development and increased reproductive rates. Farmers and researchers need to monitor these changes and develop strategies to mitigate the potential negative effects on vegetable crops. In response to climate change, whiteflies may exhibit shifts in their distribution patterns, population sizes, and behavior. They may also evolve certain traits that help them better survive in warmer or more variable climates.

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Lenka, Biswajit, G. U. Kulkarni, Ankit Moharana, Aditya Pratap Singh, Gouri Shankar Pradhan e Lakesh Muduli. "Millets: Promising Crops for Climate-Smart Agriculture". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, n. 11 (10 novembre 2020): 656–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.081.

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Gutaker, Rafal M., Caspar C. C. Chater, Jemima Brinton, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo, Elinor Breman e Samuel Pironon. "Scaling up neodomestication for climate-ready crops". Current Opinion in Plant Biology 66 (aprile 2022): 102169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102169.

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Roberts, Eric, Rod Summerfield, Richard Ellis e Aiming Qi. "Adaptation of Flowering in Crops to Climate". Outlook on Agriculture 22, n. 2 (giugno 1993): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709302200207.

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Recent work at the Plant Environment Laboratory at Reading, carried out in collaboration with several International Agricultural Research Centres, has led to a model which characterizes and quantifies the separate genetic responses in crops to daylength and temperature that determine when flowering occurs. These responses are illustrated here for soyabean and we discuss briefly how the model is contributing to crop improvement in other species.

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Luck, J., M. Spackman, A. Freeman, P. Tre˛bicki, W. Griffiths, K. Finlay e S. Chakraborty. "Climate change and diseases of food crops". Plant Pathology 60, n. 1 (10 gennaio 2011): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02414.x.

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Stacey, David. "Climate and biological control in organic crops". International Journal of Pest Management 49, n. 3 (luglio 2003): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0967087031000085042.

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Varshney, Rajeev K., Vikas K. Singh, Arvind Kumar, Wayne Powell e Mark E. Sorrells. "Can genomics deliver climate-change ready crops?" Current Opinion in Plant Biology 45 (ottobre 2018): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2018.03.007.

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Birkelund, K., Kim Degn Jensen, Emil Højlund-Nielsen, Johan Nagstrup, Anders Lei, Søren Dahl Petersen, Andrea U. Andreassen e Erik V. Thomsen. "MEMS climate sensor for crops in greenhouses". Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 20, n. 8 (8 luglio 2010): 085021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/20/8/085021.

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Lobell, David B., e Christopher B. Field. "California perennial crops in a changing climate". Climatic Change 109, S1 (24 novembre 2011): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0303-6.

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Gil, Juliana. "Forgotten crops confer resilience under climate change". Nature Food 4, n. 4 (25 aprile 2023): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-023-00754-5.

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Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe, Vimbayi Grace Petrova Chimonyo, Sithabile Hlahla, Festo Massawe, Sean Mayes, Luxon Nhamo e Albert Thembinkosi Modi. "Prospects of orphan crops in climate change". Planta 250, n. 3 (13 marzo 2019): 695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03129-y.

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Benitez-Alfonso, Yoselin, Beth K. Soanes, Sibongile Zimba, Besiana Sinanaj, Liam German, Vinay Sharma, Abhishek Bohra et al. "Enhancing climate change resilience in agricultural crops". Current Biology 33, n. 23 (dicembre 2023): R1246—R1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.028.

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del Pozo, Alejandro, Nidia Brunel-Saldias, Alejandra Engler, Samuel Ortega-Farias, Cesar Acevedo-Opazo, Gustavo A. Lobos, Roberto Jara-Rojas e Marco A. Molina-Montenegro. "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies of Agriculture in Mediterranean-Climate Regions (MCRs)". Sustainability 11, n. 10 (15 maggio 2019): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102769.

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The world’s five Mediterranean-climate regions (MCRs) share unique climatic regimes of mild, wet winters and warm and dry summers. Agriculture in these regions is threatened by increases in the occurrence of drought and high temperature events associated with climate change (CC). In this review we analyze what would be the effects of CC on crops (including orchards and vineyards), how crops and cropping and farming systems could adapt to CC, and what are the social and economic impacts, as well as the strategies used by producers to adapt to CC. In rainfed areas, water deficit occurs mostly during the flowering and grain filling stages (terminal drought stress), which has large detrimental effects on the productivity of crops. Orchards and vineyards, which are mostly cultivated in irrigated areas, will also be vulnerable to water deficit due to a reduction in water available for irrigation and an increase in evapotranspiration. Adaptation of agriculture to CC in MCRs requires integrated strategies that encompass different levels of organization: the crop (including orchards and vineyards), the cropping system (sequence of crops and management techniques used on a particular agricultural field) and the farming system, which includes the farmer.

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AL-Qaraghouli, D. Jinan Seger Abid Azooz. "Impact of climate in growing leguminous crops in the province of Arbil Applied climate study". ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 226, n. 2 (1 settembre 2018): 333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v226i2.66.

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The climate is the most important natural factor affecting agriculture . the success of planting any agricultural crops depends on the nature of the climate prevailing in the area of cultivation . the most important climatic elements that have an effective effect in the cultivation of leguminous crops and the various agricultural activities that can be practiced are : Temperature , rain , wind and relative humidity . when the climatic reguirements of any crop are well – established , its cultivation is successful and profitable, and vice versa when those reguirements are not met . the study of the climatic reguirements of leguminous crops covered by the study and its balance with the available climatic potential in Erbil governorate in order to know the role of the climatic factor in the cultivation of these crops and their geographical distribution .

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Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, Luigi Sanità di Toppi e Tika Adhikari. "Stress Responses in Crops". Stresses 2, n. 2 (23 maggio 2022): 231–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses2020016.

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Plants undergo a simultaneous interaction with numerous environmental stresses in the ever-changing climate, making sustainable crop production for the increased global population more challenging [...]

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Muscalu, Adriana, Cătălina Tudora, Constantin Coţa, Zoltan Gyorgy, Floarea Burnichi e Mariana Bârsan. "Climate changes and methods to protect vegetable crops". E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018003016.

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In the context of the current climate change, it has become urgently necessary to develop adequate systems to protect horticultural crops. In Romania, the losses caused to these cultures by the extreme weather phenomena, as well as the lack of active intervention measures to combat or limit them, represent the main argument for addressing this field in particular. Vegetable crops are generally sensitive to extreme weather phenomena. In the climatic conditions in our country, the extreme phenomena occur between March and September, which coincides with the vegetation period of the crops. Of these, hail causes significant damage, and in some cases, at high intensity and long-lasting, can cause the calamity of vegetable crops. Another effect can arise in the drought years, when, in the absence of rainfall, the weeds enter into a fierce competition with vegetables, as regards the specific consumption of water and nutrients. The paper presents a review regarding the current methods of vegetable crops protection against the extreme weather phenomena and of weed control in these crops, grown in organic system. Combining the available solutions, adopting integrated strategies for non-chemical weed control can be an important premise for researchers and farmers to protect vegetable crops.

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40

Schön, Jonas, Norman Gentsch e Peter Breunig. "Cover crops support the climate change mitigation potential of agroecosystems". PLOS ONE 19, n. 5 (8 maggio 2024): e0302139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302139.

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Cover crops have the potential to mitigate climate change by reducing negative impacts of agriculture on ecosystems. This study is first to quantify the net climate change mitigation impact of cover crops including land-use effects. A systematic literature and data review was conducted to identify major drivers for climate benefits and costs of cover crops in maize (Zea maize L.) production systems. The results indicate that cover crops lead to a net climate change mitigation impact (NCCMI) of 3.30 Mg CO2e ha-1 a-1. We created four scenarios with different impact weights of the drivers and all of them showing a positive NCCMI. Carbon land benefit, the carbon opportunity costs based on maize yield gains following cover crops, is the major contributor to the NCCMI (34.5% of all benefits). Carbon sequestration is the second largest contributor (33.8%). The climate costs of cover crops are mainly dominated by emissions from their seed production and foregone benefits due to land use for cover crops seeds. However, these two costs account for only 15.8% of the benefits. Extrapolating these results, planting cover crops before all maize acreage in the EU results in a climate change mitigation of 49.80 million Mg CO2e a-1, which is equivalent to 13.0% of the EU’s agricultural emissions. This study highlights the importance of incorporating cover crops into sustainable cropping systems to minimize the agricultural impact to climate change.

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41

Burliai, Oleksandr, e Igor Smertenyuk. "Innovations as a tool of adaptation of agricultural enterprises to climate change". Modern Economics 23, n. 1 (27 ottobre 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v23(2020)-04.

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Introduction. The article considers the role of innovation as a tool for adaptation of agricultural enterprises to climate change. The study found that climate change has become an integral attribute of modernity, which has a significant impact on economic development. Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the consequences of climate change for the activities of agricultural enterprises, to develop directions for the adaptation of agricultural holdings to climate change and the role of innovation in this process. Results. In Ukraine, the climate tends to increase air temperature, and the consequence of warming is an increase in the number of dangerous weather events. Climate change is the result not only of natural processes but also of human activity. Climate change has special consequences for the agricultural sector, the feature of which is a significant dependence on natural and climate change. Among them we can note the extension of the growing season for 10-15 days, the acceleration of spring field work for about 3 weeks, the extension of the grazing season, increasing the yield of thermophilic crops and more. However, there are also negative consequences – a shortage of water, the emergence of new thermophilic species of pests and weeds, reducing the area under crops in cool and humid climates, and others. The main directions of adaptation of agricultural enterprises to climate change are highlighted. Conclusions. The main tool for agricultural enterprises to adapt to climate change should be the introduction of innovations: the use of nanotechnology and biotechnology, digitalization of production and improvement of management processes, introduction of new varieties of crops and animal breeds, improvement of technical support, diversification of energy sources and production technologies.

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Asfew, Milkessa, e Amsalu Bedemo. "Impact of Climate Change on Cereal Crops Production in Ethiopia". Advances in Agriculture 2022 (5 settembre 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2208694.

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Climate change adversely affected agricultural productivity in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the effects of this climate change, particularly on cereal crops production in Ethiopia. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model approach to the co-integration with an error correction term. ARDL technique was selected due to its stationarity assumption and unbiased estimates of its long-run coefficients. The estimated model justifies the existence of a long-run relationship between cereal crops production, climate change variables (temperature and precipitation), and other explanatory variables. Precipitation has a positive and significant effect on cereal crops production both in the long and short runs, while temperature change has a significant negative effect. In the long run, cereal crops production was positively and significantly affected by arable land, fertilizer consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions, while in the short run, labor force participation has a positive and significant effect on cereal crops production. The study results confirmed that there is a long-run relationship between cereal crops production and climate change variables. In agriculture, research and development should focus on varieties of cereal crops that can tolerate high temperatures. Climate Resilient Green Economy should have to strengthen in the country. All countries should have to work hand-in-hand to mitigate the effect of climate change.

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43

Korres, Nicholas E., e Franck E. Dayan. "Effects of Climate Change on Crops and Weeds: The Need for Climate-smart Adaptation Paradigm". Outlooks on Pest Management 31, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2020): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_oct_04.

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The net effect of climate change on agriculture is likely to be negative despite the potential beneficial effects some crops and regions might receive. While increases in atmospheric CO2 are projected to stimulate growth in C3 crops and improve water use efficiency in C4 crops, climate impacts, particularly temperature increase, heat waves, droughts and flooding, will probably reduce yield potential. These negative effects will be compounded by increased weed interference and competition with the crop. The new type of "carbon farmer" should adapt to climate change and implement farming practices that focus on agricultural production models that mitigate climate change and promote "nature" and sustainability. Everything is already at least possible in one form or another, and the challenge is now to make it a reality.

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Bagale, Suman. "CLIMATE READY CROPS FOR DROUGHT STRESS: A REVIEW IN NEPALESE CONTEXT". Reviews in Food and Agriculture 2, n. 2 (1 giugno 2021): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.02.2021.83.87.

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The global population is increasing at an alarming rate. Meeting food and nutritional demand of this increased population has become a major issue for agronomist and agricultural researchers. On the top of that, overall agricultural productions are constrained by global climate change resulting several biotic and abiotic stress. Among the abiotic stress, drought has become a problematic issues in arid and semi-arid regions of the world leading towards the dire future, questioning on food sufficiency and affordability for future world. Though several adaptation and mitigation strategies are practiced at local and global level, these seems redundant with increased demand of foods crops. To address the problem of climate change on drought in a sustainable way, climate ready crops are been developed through selection, breeding and genetic engineering techniques. These crops are tailored for drought prone areas pooling all the traits that are responsible for tolerating the water stress condition. This review article discuss some of the released climate ready crops, their xerophytic traits and mechanism of gene expression of such crops. Climate ready crops seems to surpass the effect of climate change on drought stress through sustained productivity that could meet the need of future generation. Development and management of these crops could help to maintain the stability on food production that could become a real boon for agriculture which is hindered by climate change.

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45

BROWN, D. MURRAY, e ROBERT E. PLACE. "RATING CLIMATE IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO FOR HORTICULTURAL CROPS". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1989): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-042.

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A climatic rating scheme was developed for qualitative assessment of land areas in southwestern Ontario for all commercial edible horticultural crops grown in the region. The general approach was to place the crops into three main groups — frost susceptible, frost tolerant, and winter temperature susceptible perennials. A four-point rating system was used to place areas into "very good", "good", "fair," or "poor" categories based on restrictions produced by the critical climatic factors appropriate for each group of crops. The Corn Heat Unit (CHU) map was used as the primary criterion to subdivide the area for the four-point rating. Secondary climatic features appropriate for each crop group were used to further subdivide the crops into subgroups. The climatic features used for the secondary subdivision were spring and fall frost dates, spring and summer maximum temperatures, and winter minimum temperatures. This scheme is the first step in developing a system that can be used to rate areas for their ability to produce edible commercial horticultural crops in this region of Ontario. It should prove useful when combined with soil ratings for these crops.Key words: Vegetable, fruit crop, growing season, winter/spring conditions, land rating

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46

Zhang, Yuquan, Jianhong Mu, Mark Musumba, Bruce McCarl, Xiaokun Gu, Yuanfei Zhou, Zhengwei Cao e Qiang Li. "The Role of Climate Factors in Shaping China’s Crop Mix: An Empirical Exploration". Sustainability 10, n. 10 (18 ottobre 2018): 3757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103757.

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A prominent agricultural adaptation to climate change consists in shifting crop mixes toward the poles or upward in elevation. This paper examines the extent to which climate factors have shifted regional crop mixes in China and forecasts how future crop mixes might change under selected climate scenarios. Using a data set that provides planted area shares for each crop in each mainland Chinese province from 2001 to 2013, we employ a fractional multinomial logit (FMLOGIT) model to examine the influence of climate on regional crop mixes under historical as well as future climate conditions. Results show that temperature increases are projected to raise the incidence of wheat and tubers while reducing that for rice and maize, which is conventional food security crops. Moreover, cash crops such as vegetables and orchards and fiber-producing crops will increase, whereas oil-bearing crops and specialty crops will decrease. This paper is the first of its kind to examine climate impacts on the regional portfolio of crop mixes across Mainland China. The findings have important implications for foreseeing needed efforts to maintain food production in the face of future climate change and pointing out cases where adaptation efforts may be desirable.

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47

Saravanan, Raju, e Sridhar Gutam. "Climate change impacts on tuber crops: vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies". Journal of Horticultural Sciences 18, n. 1 (30 giugno 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v18i1.2129.

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Climate change poses significant challenges to root and tuber crops, requiring robust adaptation strategies to mitigate vulnerabilities. This review examines the impacts of climate change on root and tuber crops, including rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, extreme weather events, and changes in pest and disease dynamics. These changes significantly affect root and tuber crop production, leading to lower yields, compromised quality, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, and limited access to water resources. Adaptation strategies encompass various approaches, such as agronomic practices, crop diversification, improved water management, breeding for climate resilience, and agroecological methods. However, addressing knowledge gaps and research needs is crucial for better-understanding climate change impacts and developing effective adaptation strategies for root and tuber crops. Future research should prioritize resilient cultivar identification, enhanced cropping systems, improved pest and disease management, and exploring socio-economic dimensions of adaptation. This review emphasizes the urgent need to address climate change impacts on tropical root and tuber crops. It highlights the critical role of adaptive measures in ensuring long-term sustainability and food security in a changing climate

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48

Dash, Sangeeta, Jemla Naik D. e Chinnu V. S. "Climate Crisis and Agricultural Response: Climate Resilient Crops for Sustainability in Food Production Systems". Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, n. 6 (11 maggio 2024): 440–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i62496.

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Climate change encompasses altered levels of temperature and humidity, variability in the rainfall pattern, fluctuations in weather parameters, rise in ambient CO2 levels, emission of greenhouse gases, global warming, etc. that results in extreme events and disasters as cyclones, floods, droughts, salinity, nutrient and heavy metal stress, change in arthropod diversity and emergence of new invasive pests. This results in un-usual effects in agro-ecosystems leading to changes in cropping patterns, crop diversity, and their interaction with biotic and abiotic stress factors, threatening livelihood, food, and nutritional security. Population displacement, declining food productivity, and vulnerable agro-ecosystems are the major consequences of altered meteorological events that occur due to climate change. Therefore, substitution of traditional crops with crops that exhibit resilience to climate crisis is the need of the hour. Smart breeding approaches and precision farming technologies as remote sensing and spectral analysis, artificial intelligence, machine learning, speed breeding, genome analysis, genetic manipulation, gene drive systems, system biology study, omics approaches, etc can make agricultural production climate resilient and sustainable. Response of biofortified crops under changing climate must also be assessed to improve the crop productivity and output.

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Shin, MoonSun, Seonmin Hwang, Junghwan Kim, Byungcheol Kim e Jeong-Sung Jung. "A Study on Analyses of the Production Data of Feed Crops and Vulnerability to Climate Impacts According to Climate Change in Republic of Korea". Applied Sciences 13, n. 20 (23 ottobre 2023): 11603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132011603.

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According to the climate change scenario, climate change in the Korean Peninsula is expected to worsen due to extreme temperatures, with effects such as rising average temperatures, heat waves, and droughts. In Republic of Korea, which relies on foreign countries for the supply of forage crops, a decrease in the productivity of forage crops is expected to cause increased damage to the domestic livestock industry. In this paper, to solve the issue of climate vulnerability for forage crops, we performed a study to predict the productivity of forage crops in relation to climate change. We surveyed and compiled not only forage crop production data from various regions, but also experimental cultivation production data over several years from reports of the Korea Institute of Animal Science and Technology. Then, we crawled related climate data from the Korea Meteorological Administration. Therefore, we were able to construct a basic database for forage crop production data and related climate data. Using the database, a production prediction model was implemented, applying a multivariate regression analysis and deep learning regression. The key factors were determined as a result of analyzing the changes in forage crop production due to climate change. Using the prediction model, it could be possible to forecast the shifting locations of suitable cultivation areas. As a result of our study, we were able to construct electromagnetic climate maps for forage crops in Republic of Korea. It can be used to present region-specific agricultural insights and guidelines for cultivation technology for forage crops against climate change.

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50

Acevedo, Maricelis, Kevin Pixley, Nkulumo Zinyengere, Sisi Meng, Hale Tufan, Karen Cichy, Livia Bizikova, Krista Isaacs, Kate Ghezzi-Kopel e Jaron Porciello. "A scoping review of adoption of climate-resilient crops by small-scale producers in low- and middle-income countries". Nature Plants 6, n. 10 (ottobre 2020): 1231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-00783-z.

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Abstract Climate-resilient crops and crop varieties have been recommended as a way for farmers to cope with or adapt to climate change, but despite the apparent benefits, rates of adoption by smallholder farmers are highly variable. Here we present a scoping review, using PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols), examining the conditions that have led to the adoption of climate-resilient crops over the past 30 years in lower- and middle-income countries. The descriptive analysis performed on 202 papers shows that small-scale producers adopted climate-resilient crops and varieties to cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, flooding and salinity. The most prevalent trait in our dataset was drought tolerance, followed by water-use efficiency. Our analysis found that the most important determinants of adoption of climate-resilient crops were the availability and effectiveness of extension services and outreach, followed by education levels of heads of households, farmers’ access to inputs—especially seeds and fertilizers—and socio-economic status of farming families. About 53% of studies reported that social differences such as sex, age, marital status and ethnicity affected the adoption of varieties or crops as climate change-adaptation strategies. On the basis of the collected evidence, this study presents a series of pathways and interventions that could contribute to higher adoption rates of climate-resilient crops and reduce dis-adoption.

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