Tesi sul tema "Crise de sécurité alimentaire"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Crise de sécurité alimentaire".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Diagne, Rokhaya. "Sécurité alimentaire et libéralisation agricole". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998276.
Zghal-Chhaider, Khouloud. "Les stratégies d’ajustement des consommateurs face à une crise organisationnelle : proposition et test d'un modèle intégrateur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSJPG/2023/2023ULILD013.pdf.
We live in a time when the presence of a multitude of crises is a manifest and worrying reality. Organizational crises are growing steadily, thus amplifying the challenges that companies face. The present work focuses on the study of negative consumer reactions in contexts that trigger organizational crises, specifically reputation crises and product damage crises. The main objective of this research is to better identify the psychological mechanisms underlying coping strategies leading to revenge and consumer avoidance. Based on a review of the literature and the results of two qualitative exploratory studies, an integrative model has been developed and tested to examine the influence of crisis trigger contexts (crisis type and historical) on the psychological process, including individual affective, motivational and behavioral responses, as well as the consequences for consumer post-crises attitudes and purchasing intentions. After validating the measurement scales on a sample of 358 participants, a second data collection was carried out as part of an online experiment using the scenario method, with the participation of 670 individuals from two different cultural backgrounds, raising the total sample to 1028 participants. The results confirmed direct structural relationships and highlighted the moderating role of the culture and perception of crisis response strategies. This research contributes to existing literature by expanding the scope of revenge to organizational crises, which have so far been mainly studied in the context of failing services. Management implications are presented
Djoi, Louis Sedogbo Emmanuel. "Sécurité alimentaire au Bénin". Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30022.
Moglan, Irina. "La vache folle, entre crise alimentaire et crise identitaire : analyse sémiologique et discursive". Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H041.
Our work is based upon the theory and methodology of the Semiology of Indices developed by Anne-Marie Houdebine. We analyze the representations of the mad cow throughout a number of French book covers whose titles and subtitles contain the designation of this double crisis of 1996 and 2001. Including paratext and discourse references, the semiological systemic analysis points out the dynamic functioning of the iconic and linguistic elements on the first covers. We observe the polymorphic figuration of the non human upon a threefold background: scientific (animal disease and risk society), caricature (humanized animal) and literary texts. The linguistic analysis of the expression mad cow shows its constant rephrasing as synthematic and syntagmatic unit and, subsequently, the successive semantic changes. The interpretation of these elements displays the meaning of madness. External interpretants are made use of in order to draw the socio-cultural imaginaries involved in the mad cow. Throughout the nominal phrase standing for crisis, disease, animal which are brought out into the discourse, the semiology specifies the indices of animal personification and the feminine ones and, at the same time, a symbolic deconstruction and the denial of the living (by industrialization and reification). The death pattern reflects the extermination memory
Qin, Quan. "La sécurité alimentaire en droit international du commerce". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020049/document.
Today’s world food situation is particularly disturbing. To guarantee food security for all remains the primary responsibility of governments and international society. As one of the major instruments to implement international strategy for food security, international law has failed to provide effective solution to mitigate the factors that contribute to food insecurity. This is particularly what happened when food problem was treated within WTO. Having established the terms and conditions of international trade in food and agricultural products, WTO trade regulations have major influence on food security both at international level and at national level. Even if the relevant WTO agreements did offer certain policy approaches to its Members to tackle their food problem, these policy approaches are neither sufficient nor efficient to achieve this goal. By constantly prioritizing commercial considerations over food concerns, WTO rules related to trade in agriculture seriously restrict the exercise of discretionary power of those Members who wish to improve their food situation. Therefore, international trade policies must be reformed, so that WTO Members can take creative measures to meet their people’s basic needs. Even it appears still difficult at present to create new rules that may allow food-deficit Members to generate sufficient income to guarantee their access to food; this reform must at least search for effective solutions to offset the negative impacts of trade policies on food security. Otherwise, the legitimacy and credibility of current global trading system will be at risk
Diedhiou, Sécou Omar. "Agriculture et sécurité alimentaire urbaine à Ziguinchor (Sénégal)". Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2011.
Urban agriculture is fundamental to the food security of both farmers and urban dwellers. Based on the triptych of territorial development, this thesis demonstrates this assertion by crossing the constructivist approach chosen to elaborate the triptych with a monographic approach, the city of Ziguinchor in Senegal. In the absence of official statistics, three methodological steps were taken to study the interrelationships between urban agriculture and food security. Quantitative, the first relied on the submission of questionnaires (538 submitted to farmers and 160 to vegetable merchants) when the second referred to 51 direct and semi-direct interviews. The last focused on the analysis of the evolution. By selecting the "accessibility" and "availability" aspects of food security, our results indicate that urban agriculture contributes in the first place to ensuring the food security of farmers themselves, through their direct production, but also indirectly through the sale on the local market, the income being often used to purchase commodities. The use of the territorial development triptych to demonstrate this is relevant. The input by the three poles "actor, space, resource" allows to combine the current processes by weighting them. Among these processes, the most questioning for the future refers to the increasing fragility of Ziguinchoroise agriculture in the absence of proactive local public policy
Desmarais, Annette Aurélie Forest Françoise. "La Vía Campesina : une réponse à la crise alimentaire /". Montréal (Québec) : Escalquens : les Éd. Écosociété ; DG diff, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41441956g.
Laflamme, Léa. "La sécurité alimentaire selon la perspective d'Inuit du Nunavik". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30700/30700.pdf.
This exploratory research seeks to better understand food security from the perspective of Inuit from Nunavik (Quebec). Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Inuit women from different generations, occupations and socio-economic status of one community in Nunavik. Additionally, a workshop with elders explored different sensations of food as they are described in Inuit language. This workshop allow for a deepening of the cultural concepts surrounding the experience of eating and food security. The results suggest that the notion of what constitutes sufficient and adequate food is built from individual experiences and socio-cultural context, and tends to vary across generations. Many of the participants interviewed experienced food shortage in their home in the recent past. However, resources within extended family and community tend to alleviate the situation when it was transitory.
Alain, Judith. "Changements climatiques et sécurité alimentaire à Kangiqsualujjuaq au Nunavik". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25835/25835.pdf.
Bensalah-Alaoui, Assia. "Le concept de sécurité alimentaire mondiale en droit international". Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA020024.
The concept of world food security has radically modified the international society's approach of world hunger. Before 1970, the problem was essentially dealt with in a "huminitarian" perspective within an interstate framework. With the world food crisis, it became necessary to formulate this concept. To-day, world food security is both a global concept (1st part) and an operational one (2nd part). - as a global concept, it has two main sources of inspiration : the human right to adequate food and the fao's technical approach - the international engagement on world food security (1973) and the plan of action (1978) - the concept was further enriched within the nieo framework. The broadened concept proposed by the fao's d. G in 1983, finds both its unity and universal consecration in the world food security compact (1985). Its broad institutional context raises however the complex issue of coordination. - as an operational concept, the actions aiming at its achievment have been deve- loping both at the universal and regional levels. At the universal level, the w. F. C's concept of "national food strategies" appear as the cornerstone of self-determination and as the "condition" of an increased and better coordinated international financial and technical assistance. The world food security concerns food deficit states and populations and mankind as a whole
Madeleine, Emily. "La sécurité alimentaire à l'épreuve du droit international des investissements". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0031.
While international investments contribute to achieving food security, they can also be a threat and a path to aggravation. The study of the interactions between food security and international investments reveals the existence of norm conflicts carrying food risks and highlights normative imbalances in international investment law. Thus, the implementation of investor rights is likely to lead to the exclusion of food security. Conversely, the assertion of the latter may lead to an alteration or denial of investors' rights. In this situation of conflict, the food obligations of the State can not be met simultaneously with the obligations set out in the international investment agreements. These norm conflicts intervene as alarms and inform on the one hand, on the imbalances of the power of regulation of the States and the exclusive rights of the investors, and on the other hand, on the asymmetry of the rights of the victims of food insecurity and the investor rights. The lack of prevention reinforces the contradictions of decisions and maintains the subjection of States to contradictory obligations. Once analyzed the conflicts of norms and the food risks that they generate, it turns out that the attempts of resolution of these, by means of the traditional techniques, remain often inoperative, accounting for the limits of the current system. For their part, the risks, the norm and the food responsibility sometimes remain unidentified and are not apprehended as a whole. These circumstances complicate the resolution of norm conflicts. Therefore, the thesis seeks to demonstrate that these conflicts are sometimes likely to be avoided, or reduced, then, consider a treatment in the resolution of the latter in order to achieve a link between the rights of foreign investors and the protection of the food public interest of the host state of the investment
Jari, Mostafa. "La question de la sécurité alimentaire dans le monde arabe". Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40028.
This thesis explores the question of arab food gap from different perspectives, and examines the distabilizing effects of systematic food import on both agricultural rural development and decision making process in the arab world. It gives a general account of the basic factors affecting agriculture and food in most arab countries and of the application of existing knowledge of the principles of food security planning to its improvement. In general the study deals with principles rather than with specific detail. It does not set out to give a comprehensive treatment of any arab food policies. Nor does it cover in detail those aspects of food security such as, poverty and malnutrition, where acces to information is very difficult. However the reader is referred in the text to be guided by books and documents dealing with these later subjects, all giving specialized accounts of particular aspects or facets of food security. The author set tree focal points for the research, summurized as follows : 1. To identify the major constraints hindering or inhibiting the progress, the development, and the implementation of agricultural and food policies in the arab world ; ii. To review the latest developments concerning the concept of food security ; iii. To discuss the mesures needed to initiate global cooperation between arab states, in strategic fields such as food security. Given the complexity of those focal points, and given the varied obstacles which block the course of scientific research in the arab world, the issue of arab food gap is rather questionned than totally answered ; in others words, the problematic of arab food security remainds open for furthers empiricals investigations
Bertelli, Olivia. "Trois essais sur la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique Sub-Saharienne". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0072.
Despite the emphasis put by the international community on the need to achieve food security, still today 795 million of people suffer from hunger, two thirds of whom live in rural areas. This thesis aims at shedding light on the determinants that cause households food insecurity in the Sub-Saharan context. The first part of this work illustrates the shortcomings of existing measures of food security and assesses the statistical validity of a multidimensional food security scale. Based on such statistical analysis, I, then, turn to a micro-econometric approach for investigating the role played by the number of children in granting household food security. Lastly, I explore whether household welfare related priorities, among which achieving food security, might explain the puzzling existence of negative profits in agricultural activities
Balderas, Morales Lilian. "La nature juridique de l'Accord SPS, la sécurité alimentaire et la sécurité juridique : lutte ou compromis?" Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28269.
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) was created to partially replace the exceptive rule which is present in the Article XX b) of the GATT, which was perceived by the Members as the outcome of the search for a balance between trade and food safety. However, the most obvious effect of this partial substitution was the creation of a dual system for the treatment of measures relating to the life and health of human and animals, and plant conservation. This is explained by the scope of the SPS Agreement, which is narrower than that of Article XX b) of the GATT, hence, this agreement does not handle all SPS measures that were in the jurisdiction of Article XX b) of the GATT. Therefore, Article XX b) of the GATT, far from being obsolete, is still in force and is subject to judicial interpretations of great transcendence. The two existing systems, which operate in parallel, present fundamental dissimilarities. Consequently, the legal instruments parts of this dual regime tend to move away from each other, as the most important of their differences is their nature itself. This leads us to believe that SPS measures related to the SPS Agreement represents the struggle of two values -the food safety and free trade; whereas the measures which remain exceptions are an example of good understanding and a genuine conciliation effort. Thus, in order to verify the existence of the dual scheme and to assess its contributions, the work is divided into three parts. The first is used to identify the place that the SPS Agreement occupies in the WTO, a historical-legal report on the creation of the SPS Agreement will be done. Then, the second part of the work presents the contributions of the agreement to the legal system of the WTO. Finally, the third part is to find the legal consequences of the innovations introduced by the SPS Agreement. This analysis will tell us about the nature and effects of the SPS Agreement. But above all, it will highlight the elements that can be improved to give to this agreement what should be its distinguishing characteristics: its nature of exceptional agreement and its capacity to facilitate reconciling trade liberalization and food security.
Massé, Denis. "Internationalisation et crise agricole aux Mexique : le système alimentaire mexicain (SAM)". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5894.
Ben, slimane Mehdi. "Investissements directs étrangers et sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement". Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARE042/document.
Developing countries (DCs) have a high population growth and food demand. Moreover, foreign direct investment (FDI) is in the heart of investment policy. DCs attract FDI to improve their economic growth. This optimistic view is contradicted by negative effects on their economies. We based our analysis on three important factors: agricultural production, institutional quality and the food import dependency, we investigate the effects of desegregated and aggregated FDI on the food security. The results show that agricultural FDI improves food security and secondary FDI improves agricultural production through technology transfer and know-how with harmful effects that may occur as the environmental pollution.The tertiary IDE tends to decrease labor in agriculture and increasing food demand in urban areas. By adding the local institution to the analysis, the results show that from certain institutional quality thresholds, primary and secondary IDE improves food security. Our recommendation is that DCs has the interest to improve their institutional quality and targeting the attraction of FDI. Finally, aggregated FDI tends to deteriorate the ability to import food in countries with low and lower middle income. These countries have an interest to attract export-oriented FDI
Becquey, Elodie. "Sécurité alimentaire des ménages urbains au Burkina Faso : caractéristiques et mesure". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066557.
Byll, Attia. "La crise alimentaire mondiale de 2008 et ses impacts sur l'économie togolaise". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5475.
Lavoie, Simon. "La réalisation de la souveraineté alimentaire au Sénégal dans une perspective de sécurité alimentaire : Le cas de l'industrie laitière". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29042/29042.pdf.
Ben, Nasr Maaouia. "La sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement : cas de la Tunisie". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E047.
Food security is defined today through four dimensions, namely the food availability, stability, access and safety. These dimensions form an entity and ensure a healthy diet for everyone. It is precisely for this reason that they cannot be dissociated. Developing countries are the most affected by food insecurity. The food security assessment must be connected to the economic development strategies adopted in each country. For the most of developing countries, the implemented agricultural policies are largely responsible for the state of the food security. Tunisia is among the countries that have neglected the construction of an agricultural production structure that totally focuses on achieving food security ensured by prominent local self-sufficiency in food. For a long time, Tunisia has favored the use of the international market to take advantage of the world prices drop tendency. This strategy is now obsolete because of changes in the international context which are expressed by significant unexampled increases in the prices of agricultural products and food. In addition, there is a deterioration in the economic fundamentals especially the import capacity, as well as a deterioration in public accounts while the food bill raises and the pursuit of the subsidy policy reaches its limits. Moreover, the treatment of the food security issue should not be related only to agricultural production but also to the debt situation of the developing country. Food security is usually the focal point of all problems related to real growth strategies and economic development of many countries including Tunisia. It becomes even more problematic than the forced evolution towards globalization which now places agriculture in the world faced to the threat of widespread trade pushing it to a specialization which is not easy grasp
Tillier, Charles. "Processus et indicateurs de risque en assurance non-vie et sécurité alimentaire". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100192.
Risk analyses play a leading role within fields such as dietary risk, hydrology, nuclear security, finance and insurance and is more and more present in theapplications of various probability tools and statistical methods. We see a significant impact on the scientific literature and on public institutions in the past years. Risk theory, which is really close to extreme value analysis, typically deals with the occurrences of rare events which are functions of heavy-tailed random variables, for example, sums or products of regularly varying random variables. The purpose of this thesis is the following : to develop revelant risk indicators and to study the extremal properties of stochastic processes used in dietary risk assessment and in insurance. In Chapter 1, we present the main tools used in risk theory and the notion of regular variation and introduce different models involved in dietary risk assessment, which will be specifically studied in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 presents a joint work with Olivier Wintenberger. For a particular class of stochastic processes, under the assumption of regular variation, we propose a method that gives way to asymptotic equivalents on a finite-time horizon of risk indicators such as the ruin probability, the Expected Time over a Threshold or the Expected Severity of the ruin. Chapter 3 focuses on dietary risk models. To be precise, we study the extremal properties of an extension of a model called KDEM for Kinetic Dietary Exposure Model introduced by Patrice Bertail and his co-authors in 2008. Under the assumption of regular variation, we provide asymptotic equivalents for the tail behavior and the extremal index of the exposure process. In Chapter 4, we review different statistical tools specifically tailored for the study of the extremal behavior of Markov processes. Thanks to regeneration properties, we can split the path of observations into blocks which are independent and identically distributed. This technic still works even if the Markov chain is not atomic. We focus here on the estimation of the tail index and the extremal index. We illustrate the performance of these technics applying them on two models in insurance and finance for which we know the theoritical results
León-Guzmán, Marlen. "L'obligation d'auto-contrôle des entreprises en droit européen de la sécurité alimentaire". Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4014.
The sanitary crises affecting the European Union in the nineties drove the authorities to rethink the framework of the control of food sanitation. The food legislation was reformed as a result of this process and an obligation of “self-control” has been established. The definition of this obligation implies a major change in the implementation of sanitary food controls. Food operators have been placed on the base of the control framework. They must manage the risks during the food produced, transformed or distributed by them. Beyond of the comprehensive control of the food production chain, the obligation of self-control establishes economic and legal responsibilities to food operators in relation to risks from food stuffs under their control. This main responsibility of food operators proves their leading role in the sanitary food control framework and this role is the foundation of the self-control obligation. From this point of view, the analysis of the existence of this obligation and their modalities of implementation is the theme of this piece of work
Las crisis sanitarias que afectaron la Unión Europea en los años noventas motivaron la reflexión sobre la organización del sistema de control sanitario de los alimentos. Esta reflexión concluyó con la reforma de la legislación alimentaria. La obligación de autocontrol fue definida como parte de esta reforma. La definición de la obligación de autocontrol implica un cambio fundamental en la aplicación del control sanitario de los alimentos. Esta obligación sitúa al explotador en la base del sistema de control. Él debe gestionar los riesgos de los alimentos que produce, transforma o distribuye. Más allá del control integral de la cadena de producción agroalimentaria, la obligación de autocontrol establece la responsabilidad jurídica y económica del explotador en relación a los riesgos que pueden presentar los alimentos que se encuentran bajo su control. Esta responsabilidad primaria del explotador agroalimentario fija su rol principal en el sistema de control sanitario de los alimentos. Este rol es el fundamento de la obligación de autocontrol. El análisis de la existencia de esta obligación y de las modalidades de su aplicación constituye el objeto del presente estudio
Meurier, Virginie. "Autosuffisance céréalière et sécurité alimentaire en Inde : une mise ne perspective historique". Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21006.
Longuet, Patrick. "Le consommateur et le risque alimentaire : vers un modèle intégrateur d'équilibre". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0011.
Our work is focused on food risk and particularly the analysis of the consumer behavior in a real risky situation. Our theoretical framework is translated from the models based upon stability, used in many other sciences. Our central question is based on : how to get a better understanding of the consumer behaviour in a risky situation?We have followed two major steps in our work. Firstly, a review of literature gives us the conceptual framework and secondly, an empirical study explore the dimensions involved in the crisis evaluation by the consumer himself. Our methodological plan used the scenario method, and we have both conducted a qualitative and quantitative study. We finally give the results of our work and try to establish the limits and the future possibilities for further research works
Hartingh, Ghislaine de. "Fragilité et dépendance du secteur agro-alimentaire breton en temps de crise politique". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598237w.
Hartingh, Ghislaine de. "Fragilité et dépendance du secteur agro-alimentaire breton en temps de crise politique". Rennes 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN20003.
The author wrote this thesis as she was working for a regional public administration (at state level), so the result is closer to a report to be red by the regional authority (especially the "prefet de region") than to a typical university work. The author met problems and some of them remained unsolved: statistics available today in France don't really cope with economic defence. Moreover it's certainly due to the position of the author that she could get interesting information. Though couldn't she publish all of them in order to respect the military rule "confidential defence»! Among the conclusions, we note : - the fact that a few business executives become to be sensitized to economic defence; - the knowledge of the interregional and international exchanges of Brittany; - the weaknesses of agri-business due to needs in energy, raw materials and stocks - the existence of solutions for more autonomy; - the conviction of the importance of work still to be done. . . And the part that the public authority (the government) could take by financial incitements
Pauzé, Elise. "La qualité de l’alimentation et l’accès alimentaire des ménages vulnérables habitant dans une zone d’intervention d’agriculture de santé publique en Haïti". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32432.
Badolo, Félix. "Chocs de prix, vulnérabilité climatique et sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10416/document.
Over the period 2006-2008, the prices of most of agricultural commodities considerably increased. One of the explanatory factors of this surge in prices is climate change. Indeed, rainfall instability and extreme temperatures negatively affect agricultural crops and lead to reduced food supply in international markets, which contributes to the rise in food prices. Soaring food prices and climate change raise serious concerns regarding inflation and welfare of households in the world and especially in poor countries that depend on food imports. In a first chapter, using econometric models applied to temporal series, we show that rising oil prices and fluctuations in the U.S. dollar are the main causes of the rise in world food prices. In a second chapter, using the threshold cointegration tests, we highlight the fact that the imported rice prices in the local markets of Burkina Faso respond more rapidly to increases than to decreases in the world price. In a third chapter, we show that the increase in the world rice price has a negative effect on poverty and income inequality in Burkina Faso. The effect is lower in the rice-producing areas but remains negative. The fourth chapter highlights the significant and negative effect of climate variability on food security in developing countries. The effect is higher in African countries than in other countries. The main message of this thesis is that developing countries and especially African countries are highly vulnerable to food price shocks and to climate change. This vulnerability might be explained by the fact that these countries depend on food imports and have an agricultural sector sensitive to climate variability. Initiatives for the social protection of poor households are required due to limited food access caused by soaring food prices. Investments for sustained agricultural growth are also required. These are for example investments for the improvement of rural infrastructure and agricultural services as well as development of new agricultural practices less sensitive to climate
Sow, Fatimata. "Du concept d'insécurité alimentaire à la notion de vulnérabilité : les chemins de l'adaptation du système de sécurité alimentaire à l'évolution du risque". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA111005.
Sambo, Hamed. "Trois essais sur la migration et la sécurité alimentaire dans les pays d’Afrique Sub-Saharienne". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD061.
Despite global progress, food insecurity continues to be a major problem in many developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. While several factors may explain this persistence, the main cause is the failure of markets characterized by unfavorable conditions for the exchange of individuals’ labor endowment. In this context, migration appears to be a solution to food insecurity insofar as individuals, in common agreement with their families, can export their labor force to a destination with better exchange conditions (employment opportunities, positive wage differences, etc.). The objective of this thesis is therefore to empirically study the impact of migration on the food security of migrant families left behind in Sub-Saharan Africa. A first macroeconomic analysis, focusing on the impact of international remittances, reveals that those remittances contribute to a decrease in the proportion of undernourished in Sub-Saharan Africa. As a further step, a second analysis, covering both international and internal migration, was carried out using survey data from two countries in sub-Saharan Africa : Ethiopia and Niger. This analysis shows that migration leads to an improvement of households’ food access and food diversification only when it produces remittances to migrant-sending households. In addition, migrants provide his or her family with insurance against food shocks. Finally, a third study on Burkina Faso indicates that migration leads to improvement of the nutritional status of children less than five years in migrant households
Thebaud, Edern. "Les produits-frontière dans la législation alimentaire de l'Union européenne: émergence d'une santé alimentaire entre logique du marché intérieur et exigences de sécurité". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209577.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Richard, Paul-Henri. "Crise et ville intelligente au prisme de l'éthique appliquée à la sécurité civile". Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0020/document.
The support of the social rhythms and the urban complexity are a priority for the decision-makers. However, the supplied answers are subjected to a permanent analysis of the adequacy between risk and anticipation. This thesis proposes a reflection on the consideration of the ethics in the practices of crisis management. In a first part, a state of the art of the concept shows us that the "smart city" seems to be an attractive answer for the decision-maker. She develops in a continuity assured by a resilience scheduled in the global nature. Yet, when this system based on the principle of continuity is suddenly questioned, the surprise subjects the decision-maker to a reaction of break. The disqualification of the technological services imposes then to react by referring to the fundamental concepts of the human socialization. Looked for in the depths of the consciousness of the individual in the collective, we show in a second part that the break materializes for the decision-makers under the form of ethical dilemmae. Our analysis leans on one put in perspective by the ethics of the extreme situations (conflicts, health), and on an investigation realized with decision-makers. We mobilize the concept of organizational culture, applied to the actors of the civil safety as well as to the organizations having implemented a collaborative governance of the risks. Finally, in the third part, we show that the ethical questioning realized during the phase of preparation is a way of anticipation of the uncertainties associated with the decision-making in context of crisis
Jacques, Eugénie. "Cuba, une géographie alimentaire insulaire : analyse des facteurs influençant l'évolution du patrimoine alimentaire havanais, 1990-2015". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28309.
The acute economic crisis that prevailed in Cuba during the 1990’s, the so-called special period in times of peace, had tremendous impacts on daily life in Cuba, among other things on food provisioning. In a context of double insularity caused by both geographic and political factors, the Cuban regime had to tackle the issue of food security to guarantee a minimum of food and health conditions to its people. Serious distribution problems of fresh produce arose with oil shortages, thus making it difficult to reproduce before-crisis feeding patterns. It is in this context that a potential rupture may be considered in the transmission of the food heritage and conservation and culinary practices, especially for urban Cuban households. Semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 residents and key informants from La Havana showed that the search for healthy and diverse food is not a priority in the aftermaths of the 1990’s the crisis and that food trends today tend towards the selection of known and stable options in sufficient quantities to help secure the basics. In addition to national economic constraints and the U.S. embargo, modernity is a factor at work in shaping and transmitting food consumption and transformation practices. The result is a mixed bag of local, regional, and international influences determining Cubans’ food preferences. Despite its relative isolation, Cuba is not exempt from influences spreading globally after all.
Guo, Zhenzhong. "Développement de biocapteurs électrochimiques pour la détection de polluants environnementaux et pour la sécurité alimentaire". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10044/document.
Nowadays, electrochemical biosensors are rapid, reliable, cost-effective and label-free tools for in field monitoring of environmental pollutants, for assessing the food safety criterion and for detection of the territory military residues. We developed biological receptors based affinity biosensors for electrochemical detection of estradiol in environment samples and odorant molecules in pork meat adulteration. The sensitive, selective, rapid, simple, repetitive, stable and effective biosensors were produced. In addition, another strategy entrapment based on integrated nano-material was used to produce a biomimetic sensor for explosives detection, which has shown good valuable in environmental protection and homeland security. In the end, certain significant prospective are discussed
Tremblay, Lucie. "Les interventions à caractère participatif en sécurité alimentaire : relation entre les intentions et les actions". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25135/25135.pdf.
Haddi, Zouhair. "Conception et développement d'un système multicapteurs en gaz et en liquide pour la sécurité alimentaire". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10292/document.
Electronic noses and tongues systems based on chemical and electrochemical sensors are an advantageous solution for the characterisation of odours and tastes that are emanating from food products. The cross-selectivity of the sensor array coupled with patter recognition methods is the key element in the design and development of these systems. In this context, we have demonstrated the ability of an electronic nose device to discriminate between different types of drugs, to analyse cheeses freshness, to identify adulterated cheeses and to differentiate between potable and wastewaters. We have also succeeded to correctly classify drinking waters (mineral, natural, sparkling and tap) and wastewaters by using a potentiometric electronic tongue. This study was validated by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, we have developed a voltammetric electronic tongue based on a Diamond Doped Boron electrode to differentiate treatment stages of domestic and hospital wastewaters and to identify different heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd, Ni and Zn) contained in Rhône river. The Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV) was used as an electrochemical method to characterise the studied waters. Finally, the hybrid multisensor systems have proven to be good analytical tools to characterise the products of food industry such as Tunisian juices and Moroccan olive oils
Tohon, Bignon Aurelas. "Sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement et émergents : une analyse des effets des politiques". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70372.
The objective of this thesis is to explore the impact of trade and agricultural support policies on food security. It focuses on developing and emerging countries, taking into account the importance of the agricultural sector in these countries. Trade and agricultural support policies in these countries tend to be quite varied and this variety could translate into food security outcomes. We are interested in whether and to what extent the temporal variability of the above policies would affect food availability or food import dependence. To do so, we use theoretical and empirical literature and test models of empirical analysis. In Chapter 1, we review the concept of food security and its measurement tools. While several definitions of food security are proposed, the idea in this chapter is to identify simple instruments on which national and international policy action could focus for setting food security objectives in developing countries. Our analysis suggests a plurality of instruments, evolving according to the angles or dimensions of analysis of food security. Among them, we distinguish between measures of food availability and measures of dependence on food imports, which we use as measures or indicators of food security in this work. In Chapter 2, we reviewed the literature on the relationship between trade policies and the dimensions of food security on the one hand, and between agricultural support measures and the dimensions and/or indicators of food security on the other. While in the first case we concluded that agricultural production is important in the analysis of such a relationship, in the second case we found that, given the variety of agricultural support measures, the complexity of calculating a single agricultural support indicator and the classification of measures with regard to the distortions they could create, their effect on food security would vary. These different developments have made it possible to propose different channels through which these two types of policies would affect food security. In Chapter 3, we empirically tested the impact of trade openness on food availability using a multi-stage modeling approach. Our results show that trade openness and production have a positive effect on food availability. However, the effect of the interaction between these two variables is not significant. While our results also confirm the importance of agricultural inputs, output levels in other sectors of the economy, and producer price volatility in agricultural production outcomes, they also reveal, in addition to traditional factors, the role of economic freedoms in trade openness decisions. Finally, in Chapter 4, we empirically tested the impact of agricultural support measures on food import dependence in developing and emerging countries using a continuous treatment model and the estimation of a dose-response function with endogeneity. Our results suggest variable effects depending on the intensity of agricultural support. Our results also confirm the role of consumer spending, population size and agricultural production levels in food imports to these countries.
Pozzetti, Valmir César. "La sécurité alimentaire du consommateur et les aliments transgéniques : étude de droit comparé brésilien-français". Limoges, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIMO1007.
The present research has intention to consider a picture of quarrels and concepts capable to evaluate possible risks and to evidence minimum rules of security and alimentary protection of the consumer, noi that it says respect to the ingestion and transgênics food culture, comparing the Brazilian and French rules of law of biosecurity, the environment and defense of the Consumer
Bellingeri, Fulvia Roberta. "L'influence du Programme spécial pour la sécurité alimentaire de la FAO, sur la situation alimentaire des Guatémaltèques, du point de vue des ménages participants". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27453/27453.pdf.
Abouali, Said. "Les Nations Unies et la crise du Golfe". Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10041.
Its is a thesis which includes two main parts dealing with the role of UN and in particular, its security council, in accordance with occurrences, development and chronological order, reaching the point in which the security council concedes amandate to the international alliance forces leaded by the united states, to use tue force in order to oblige Irak to withdraw from edat. The introduction of this work deals with the crisis from the view of its political, historical and strategically framework : the reasons of the crisis and failure to reach a peaceful settlement. The first past includes the development of the administration of the crisis in the stage of the deliberations which not need use of military force: the temporal measures, the system of economic sanctions, the issue of annexation of Kuwait and the Iraqi practices against the citizens of third countries. The second includes the administration of the crisis the light of the possibility of using the force how the approach of using the force is prevailing since the beginning of administration of the crisis and the historical resolution which admits the use of force from two aspects : political and legal
Thériault, Sophie. "La terre nourricière des Inuit : le défi de la sécurité alimentaire au Nunavik et en Alaska". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26386/26386.pdf.
Bocoum, Ibrahima. "Sécurité alimentaire et pauvreté : Analyse économique des déterminants de la consommation des ménages : Application au Mali". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10072.
Understanding people's food consumption and malnutrition determinants is the main issue for the improvement of public food security and poverty alleviation policies in the developing countries. The recent food crisis in the Sahel and many other low income countries which followed commodities prices increase highlighted the access problem of poor people. Food access problem and food poverty are mostly related to monetary poverty. Yet in some regions, high malnutrition rates are observed despite the income raise. The objective of the thesis is to better understand the households' income – food consumption relationship within the framework of food security in Southern countries.In addition to the standard tools of the microeconomic demand analysis, especially Engel functions, we developed empirical methods to take into account the qualitative perspectives given by the food entitlements and functionings approaches of Sen and the livelihoods approach. The statistical and econometrical analysis draws upon the data of a Malian national survey of 2001 on households' living standards, which paid a particular attention to the food consumption section.The results show that, on the whole, an increase of total expenditures (taken as a proxy of income) raise food consumption quantitatively (calories) and qualitatively (diet diversity). However, living standards comparisons in terms of monetary poverty and calorie needs coverage reveal unexpected cases : monetary non poor households with insufficient calorie intake and monetary poor ones with sufficient calorie intake. The existence of theses cases which represent a relatively important proportion of the survey's sample is explained by the choices of budget allocation and the composition of households' food basket. It underlines that the traditional monetary indicator of poverty is not a suitable indicator of food needs satisfaction
Lezervant, Jérôme. "Activation des phénomènes de migration dans les emballages : application à la sécurité alimentaire des aliments emballés". Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000558.pdf.
The EU directive 1935/2004/CE compels the traceability of contaminants originating from food contact materials. Stakeholders must verify possibly with simulation that desorbed substances from packaging materials do not exceed specific migration limits. No general model exist to predict diffusion coefficients, D, ands their activation energies, Ea, in thermoplastics. This work studies the molecular transport mechanisms of additives-type molecules (MAT) in polyolefins, and the responsability of entropic trapping for the high spread of D and Ea values. The analysis rely on experimental data (D, Ea), which were available before this study, and on data collected during this study (activation volumes, Va), as well as on simulations of molecular mechanics and non-equilibrium dynamics. Scaling laws of type D proportional to the molecular mass with a power α>1,8 and simulations confirm that the geometrical confinement between polymer segments is the factor which limits the diffusion. The translation process of MAT occurs by successive reorientations of a fraction of their length along the direction of minimum section. Ramifications and symmetry decrease the diffusion process. The description of diffusion of MAT as random walks between macro-states was used to propose molecular descriptors to classify and predict D values in polyolefins. With a probabilistic framework, the proposed method based on decision trees generates likely or overestimates of D values. A microscopic method of local measurement of D and Ea values has also been developed to consider the semi-crystalline state of polyolefins at ambient temperature
Tsamoye, Pacôme. "La mondialisation des échanges agricoles : quels impacts sur la sécurité alimentaire au Gabon et au Cameroun ?" Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3031.
Nacanabo, Amade. "Impact des chocs climatiques sur la sécurité alimentaire dans les pays sahéliens : approches macroéconomiques et microéconomiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL2007.
Often used metaphorically to refer to the southern fringes of the Sahara, the Sahel's geographical position makes it a region vulnerable to climate change. Agriculture is highly rain-fed and largely dependent on climatic conditions. If food security is to be achieved in the Sahel, climate change must be taken into account. By combining empirical and theoretical work, this thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of climate change on food security in the Sahel at the microeconomic and macroeconomic levels. The first chapter examines the food security situation in the Sahel at the macroeconomic level, after analysing its demographic dynamism. The results of this chapter show that the Sahel has not yet begun its demographic transition. The demographic growth rate is high compared with the average for sub-Saharan Africa. Undernourishment is on the decline, but remains prevalent in the region. Reducing undernourishment necessarily involves agricultural production, which is dependent on the vagaries of the climate. The second chapter therefore looks at the effects of climate change on the yields of certain crops (millet, sorghum and maize) in the Sahel. The results indicate that climate change is having an overall negative impact on agricultural yields in the Sahel. This analysis at the macroeconomic level is then supplemented by two chapters which, at the microeconomic level, focus on the behaviour of farmers in the Sahel. The third chapter seeks to analyse the impact of climatic shocks, as measured by farmers' perceptions, on the inefficiency of agricultural plots. This study shows that climatic shocks increase the inefficiency of agricultural plots. Through lower yields and plot inefficiency, climate change may affect the poverty and food vulnerability of Burkinabé farming households. To this end, the fourth chapter identifies the individual and contextual determinants of poverty and food vulnerability among farming households in Burkina Faso. The results show that, in addition to the individual characteristics of farm households, such as their size or the level of education of the head of household, the climatic context in which they live helps to explain their poverty and food vulnerability
Duchâtel, Mathieu. "La politique de sécurité nationale à Taiwan sous la présidence indépendantiste de Chen Shui-bian (2000-2008) : sécurité politique et crise de légitimité". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0036.
In 2000, Chen Shui-bian, the candidate of the pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party, is elected President of the Republic of China on Taiwan. The first peaceful transfer of power of the history of Taiwan marks a strategic break in East Asia. After the Kuomintang lost the Chinese Mainland to the Communists and relocated the regime on Taiwan by the end of the 1940s, the island’s external security was always conceived in terms of unfinished civil war with Mainland China. Shui-bian transforms Taiwan’s security policy based on a national referent, although Taiwan independence is viewed in Beijing as a potential casus belli. Without a parliamentarian majority and a power basis in the army, Chen Shui-bian faces legitimacy denial on the domestic arena from his inaugural address. But during his second term, his controversial nation-building project and suspicions of corruption spark off a profound legitimacy crisis. Facing the rise of China, with which economic and trade exchanges continue to grow during his two mandates, Chen Shui-bian’s security policy aims at securing Taiwan’s national sovereignty, although it lacks international recognition. Moreover, the United States, Taiwan’s main source of external support, disapprove Chen’s pro-independence policies. Analyzing Taiwan’s national security policy between 2000 and 2008 aims at determining to what extent and through which strategies a new actor in control of the executive branch of power can overcome internal oppositions and transform a policy inherited from the authoritarian period, against a background of fierce democratic competition, competing national identities and pressures from great powers
Teixeira, Silva Fernando. "Emballage intelligent : faisabilité de l’utilisation d’un biocapteur couplé à un tag RFID UHF pour le suivi de la température". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT124/document.
Intelligent packaging (IP) is an emerging technology based on the communication function of packages. Radio frequency Identification (RFID) is considered the most promising concept of IP. RFID refers to technologies and systems that use radio waves (wireless) to transmit and uniquely identify and/or track objects with accurate information in a real time.The present thesis is based on an innovative study of the electrical (capacitance) and dielectric properties (real permittivity and loss factor) of soybean isolated protein, gelatin and sodium caseinate aiming at their use as a sensor of temperature coupled with RFID tags. The environmental variables were temperature (range from 20°C up to 80°C) and humidity (90% RH) that are normally used for meat cooking. Gelatin was the most sensitive sensor. After this first part, several steps have been set up:• Analysing the impact of gelatin film thickness on electrical capacitance and the determination of several parameters such as sensitivity, hysteresis and repeatability;• The coating of gelatin on a RFID tag tested at 90% RH and variation of temperature (20°C up to 80°C) in a pilot condition. The impact on the reading range was analysed.The potential of gelatin as a sensor was demonstrated at thickness of 38 µm and 125 µm. For the first case, the capacitance was stable at 20°C up to 80°C and at Ultra High Frequency band (300-900 MHz). Sample with 125 µm has suffered the electro-thermal breakdown between 60-80°C. To overcome this phenomenon, 600 MHz was applied. A balance between thickness and frequency should be consider to increase the sensitivity that was 0.14 pF/°C (125 m at 600 MHz); this value was higher than 0.045 pF/°C (38 m at 868 MHz) influencing the results in the simulation of meat cooking. Reuse of the same sensor has led to mass loss reducing the sensitivity. The feasibility of gelatin sensor-enable RFID tag was demonstrated. The tag covered by gelatin film in the whole antenna was suitable because it was able to deliver different Theoretical Reading Range (TRR) (p<0.05) for 868 MHz, 915 MHz and 960 MHz. At this layout also, the TRR was the same (without hysteresis) for the rising and descending temperature at the critical zone (60°C- 80°C and 60°C-20°C) at 915 MHz. These promisor results open a window for new conception of temperature sensor based on biomaterial that confers advantages, such as low cost and eco-friendly property sought to be interfaced to passive RFID tags for intelligent packaging
Levasseur, Daniela. "L'agriculture urbaine, un renforcement pour la sécurité alimentaire dans un contexte de changements climatiques : le cas du Québec et de l'Oregon". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5378.
Simonet, Catherine. "Changement climatique, chocs pluviométriques et sécurité alimentaire : essais sur l'usage de l'information climatique en économie du développement". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10392/document.
Acknowledging a limited knowledge and use of climate data in development economics, this thesis proposes a new perspective on the use of both macroeconomic and microeconomic climate data. This thesis has a two-Fold objective: to deepen knowledge on climate data through the production of a new global database directly exploitable by economists, and to propose several applications of this database at different economic scales. The first part focuses on the macroeconomic aspect of the climate data. Its aim is to empower researchers with a deeper understanding of global climate data and to increase economic knowledge on the characteristics of climate change. Chapter 1 contains a climate database available monthly over the 1900-2008 period for nearly 200 countries. Based on this initial work, Chapter 2 proposes an original use of the database with the construction of a physical indicator of vulnerability to climate change, a tool which can be used as a basis for the allocation of aid for climate change adaptation. The second part of this thesis is composed of two microeconomic studies whose aim is to analyse the behaviour of agents facing a rainfall shock. In those two chapters, rainfall data is used to compensate for the lack of data on agricultural production. At the household level, Chapter 3 focuses on the implications of an episode of reduced rainfall on the nutritional status of children under five years old. It shows that rural households do not have the capacity to provide for or absorb climate shocks. At the grain market level, Chapter 4 studies the response of prices to a shock front rainfall. It reveals the presence of speculation, especially in small and poorly integrated markets
Dinguenza, Nzietsi Conchita. "L'ONU face à la crise rwandaise de 1990 à 1996". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0037/document.
Before the outbreak of hostilities between the RPF and the FAR in 1990, the United Nations became directly involved after both parties asked it to arbitrate the conflict. But the intervention of the UN and the deployment of peacekeepers that came after the agreement of Arusha in 1993 in order to accompany the agreements did not stop violence and the rise of Hutu extremism yet. The various resolutions of the UN Security Council, far from granting more power to peacekeepers, instead created a situation of stagnation favoring the resumption of fights in 1994 and the genocide of Tutsi and moderate Hutu. The humanitarian tragedy facing Rwanda during and after the clashes and massacres appeals us on the proper role of the United Nations in the management of this conflict in particular, and in the post-cold war world in general