Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Criminal investigation – France"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Consulta la lista di attuali articoli, libri, tesi, atti di convegni e altre fonti scientifiche attinenti al tema "Criminal investigation – France".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Articoli di riviste sul tema "Criminal investigation – France"
1
Nalutsyshyn, V. V., e V. V. Nalutsyshyn. "Basic models of building pre-trial investigation as a stage of criminal proceedings in foreign countries". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n. 1 (20 marzo 2024): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.01.106.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the main areas of development of criminal procedure legislation has been, and still is, the differentiation of criminal proceedings into pretrial and trial stages. The author notes the current trends in national criminal procedure legislation aimed at optimising the procedure for investigating criminal cases and reducing the timeframe for their investigation. The desire for democratisation of the criminal procedure doctrine, strengthening of the guarantees of admissibility of evidence, adversarial process, and changes in the process model itself, along with the fundamental trends in the development of the rule of law, have led to a large-scale adoption of foreign criminal procedure institutions.
The authors examines the main models of pretrial investigation as a stage of criminal proceedings in the countries with the Anglo-Saxon (England, USA) and Romano-Germanic (France, Germany, Switzerland) legal systems. Given the materials studied, it is noted that when building models of pre-trial investigation of criminal proceedings, regardless of the system of law used in different States, the legislator focuses on improving two areas: criminal procedure and criminal law. The criminal law criterion is responsible for determining a more moderate sentence by reaching an agreement between the prosecution and defence. The criminal procedural criterion, in turn, defines two more areas of change: the possibility of reducing the procedural timeframe of the proceedings in a certain part or in general; reducing the procedural obligations of persons involved in criminal proceedings. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to modernise the current model of the pre-trial stage of the national criminal procedure with due regard for the positive experience of the most developed Western countries.
2
Kuzmenko, O. V., e P. R. Levchuk. "Implementation of the principle of competitiveness of the parties and free- dom in the presentation of their evidence to the court in the criminal process of some countries of the world". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, n. 64 (14 agosto 2021): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.64.57.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the tasks of criminal proceedings is to protect the individual, society and the state from criminal offenses, which is achieved through the implementation of other tasks, in particular, by ensuring a rapid, complete and im-partial investigation and trial. In this case, any procedural decisions in criminal proceedings must be based on evi-dence that serves as a kind of link between the event of a criminal offense and the consciousness of the investigator, prosecutor, investigating judge, court. Evidence itself is the main content of criminal procedure in both the pre-trial investigation and in the judicial stages of criminal proceedings in most countries.The authors note that the Constitution of Ukraine as one of the main principles of justice provides for adversarial parties and freedom in providing the court with their evidence and proving their persuasiveness before the court. Factor The Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine has significantly expanded the scope of this principle of the do-mestic criminal process, including in the field of evidence. Thus, the defense, as well as the prosecution, was given the opportunity to collect evidence during the pre-trial investigation, as a result of which the right of the parties and other participants in criminal proceedings to submit evidence (things and documents) is becoming increasingly important.The article also examines that the principles of criminal procedure in France include: the principle of formality, prosecution, legality, equality, dignity, protection of the victim, urgency of the trial, presumption of innocence, publicity, oral and adversarial proceedings. And the main principles of the criminal process in Germany include: the principle of formality (publicity); the principle of charge; the principle of legality and the principle of compulsory research. A characteristic feature of modern law in the field of criminal procedure in the United States is the consis-tent expansion of the institution of delegated legislation. The US Congress has delegated to the Supreme Court the right to establish rules of criminal procedure that have the force of federal law.
3
Ghorbanian, Abbas Ali, Ali Mazidi Sharafabadi e Seyed Mehdi Mansouri. "The Comparison of Examples of Deviation from Jurisdiction in the Criminal Procedures of Iran and France". Cuestiones Políticas 39, n. 70 (10 ottobre 2021): 942–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.58.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In criminal proceedings, in special circumstances, exceptions have been provided for to deviate from the competences of the judicial authorities, and the present study aims to compare these cases in Iranian and French criminal procedure. As for intrinsic jurisdiction, the findings indicate that in Iranian criminal procedure deviation from intrinsic jurisdiction is permitted in cases such as issuing a collective verdict and observing the rules of multiple crimes. In French criminal procedure, deviation from the inherent jurisdiction is possible in limited cases and only within the framework of a referral. Moreover, as regards the rule of diversion from local jurisdiction, the fact that, without exception, that rule cannot lead to favourable judicial review of criminal cases is common to both criminal proceedings. Indeed, the need to establish exceptions and violations of this rule in order to increase the efficiency of the judiciary is inevitable. Moreover, in both Iranian and French criminal proceedings, the basis for determining personal jurisdiction is the perpetrator, so that the criminal procedure has placed the investigation of certain persons under the jurisdiction of a specific authority.
4
Weill, Sharon. "French foreign fighters: The engagement of administrative and criminal justice in France". International Review of the Red Cross 100, n. 907-909 (aprile 2018): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383119000377.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractSince 2012, it is estimated that 2,000 French nationals have joined jihadist armed groups listed by the UN as terrorist organizations in Syria and in Iraq. Consequently, a new prosecution policy has been introduced in France. To date, more than 200 persons have been prosecuted and 1,600 persons have been placed under criminal investigation. In parallel, after the 13 November 2015 terror attacks in Paris, a State of emergency was declared. Persisting for two years, it introduced derogative administrative measures that slowly transgressed into regular criminal law. Consequently, French administrative and criminal courts, with ordinary judges and professional routines, find themselves involved in matters related to armed conflicts – a completely new phenomenon for them. What role has been performed by French criminal and administrative judges in the global fight against terrorism?This article takes a close look at France's fight against terrorism and the engagement of its domestic legal system in the context of foreign fighters and suspects of terrorism. It outlines the radicalization processes of French administrative and criminal law along with their hybridization and complementarity. While the armed conflict in Syria and Iraq and the complex geopolitical context are clearly present in French courtrooms, international humanitarian law and international criminal law frameworks are almost entirely absent. At the same time, by granting a growing power to the administration, the repressive and pre-emptive approaches introduced within criminal and administrative law transform liberal conceptions of law and justice.
5
Coscas-Williams, Béatrice, e Michal Alberstein. "A Patchwork of Doors". New Criminal Law Review 22, n. 4 (2019): 585–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2019.22.4.585.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Our paper surveys the development of criminal hybrid models in two continental jurisdictions, Italy and France, following the 1987 Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to accelerate criminal proceedings through the introduction of guilty pleas, out-of-court settlements and simplified proceedings. We describe various frameworks for criminal justice as a multi-door arena, of which the plea bargaining is but one of several possibilities. In our review, we emphasize consensual elements, the place of the search of truth, and the role of the judges and other stakeholders. We outline the different paths that France and Italy have taken as incorporating adversarial and inquisitorial elements to increase efficiency. The French system made gradual modifications and remained inquisitorial by nature. Aside from the more recent integration of proceedings without trial inspired by plea bargaining, it has developed doors of abbreviated trials where the investigation stage is minimized. This has resulted in a different version of the vanishing trial—the vanishing investigation. The Italian system, on the other hand, has announced a drastic transformation to an adversarial framework of trial, while adopting mainly proceedings without trial. This shift has not resulted in a vanishing trial phenomenon, and currently, the full adversarial-type trial remains the main door in Italy. We describe the sequence of transformations of these systems and emphasize the significance of this contemporary patchwork of doors in terms of the role of the judges and the possibility of implementing a conflict resolution criminal justice perspective.
6
Larkin, M. A. "Foreign experience of investigating crimes committed by members of youth informal groups (associations)". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 3, n. 81 (19 aprile 2024): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.81.3.17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article deals with specific issues of foreign experience in investigating crimes committed by members of informal youth groups (associations). It is emphasized that the study of foreign experience in the investigation of crimes committed by members of youth informal groups (associations) will contribute to the development and improvement of recommendations for the investigation of the corresponding category of criminal offenses in Ukraine.
The peculiarities of detection and investigation of crimes committed by members of youth informal groups (associations) in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Canada and the USA are analyzed.
Most often, French youth can unite in informal groups in connection with a common place of residence (street, district, city), because of race, nationality, political views, social crises, etc. Difficulties in investigating the criminal activities of informal youth in France are associated with the active use of social networks for the preparation and concealment of committed offenses, the organization of gangs, an increase in their number, and a great public outcry.
All youth informal groups (associations) in Germany can be divided into 3 types: 1) associations of young people who are migrants, refugees and spend their free time together, live on the same street, in the same district; 2) neo-Nazi youth associations; 3) unification of youth on the basis of political views and protest sentiments.
The boom in youth crime in the Netherlands occurred in the early 1980s. But a balanced preventive work, starting in 1985, gave results. An active struggle is being waged against youth neo-Nazi groups (associations) on the Internet.
There are 434 youth gangs in Canada with approximately 7,070 members. The greatest concentration of youth gangs in British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario.
In the 50s. XX century. American youth, and students in particular, showed themselves for the first time as an active political force, able to defend their positions on an equal footing with political parties and «adult» public organizations. The youth of that time advocated civil liberties – freedom of speech, organizations, meetings, etc. But informal youth groups in the USA are not only a subcultural phenomenon, but also gangs that actively engage in criminal activities based on the promotion of ideas, views, and lifestyles.
7
Akhpanov, Arstan, Erkin Ongarbaev, Aslan Tukiev, Madeniyet Omarbekova e Maya Kulbaeva. "International Standards and Principles, Foreign Legislative Experience of Judicial Control in the Investigation Stage". Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, n. 10 (25 ottobre 2023): e1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i10.1788.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: The article develops the idea of the need to implement the norms of international legal acts into national legislation, borrowing positive foreign experience in implementing the norms regulating judicial control. At the same time, it is noted that the introduction of international standards and principles into national legal mechanisms is possible only taking into account the peculiarities of the legal system and the legal system of the state.
Theoretical framework: A selective analysis of the implementation of judicial control in foreign countries (France, Germany, Austria, etc.) was carried out, similarities and differences from a similar system in the Republic of Kazakhstan were revealed. The author, exploring the control powers of the court at the international level, tried to determine the importance of international standards and principles in ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Method: In the course of the research, a set of the following special methods was used: system-structural, formal-legal and logical analysis of the problem; expert assessment of the relevant norms of national legislation and practice of its application; interpretation of legal norms; comparative legal research; constructive-critical analysis of conceptual approaches to the problems under study; legal modeling of risks and costs of election as a prosecutor and the authorization by the investigating judge of measures of criminal procedural coercion.
Results and conclusion: Based on the comparative legal study of the norms of the criminal procedure legislation of Kazakhstan, France, Germany, England, Italy and Spain, it seems possible to note that judicial control has both similar and distinctive features. What unites these or other models is that the main purpose of judicial control is the protection, protection and restoration of the rights and freedoms of subjects of legal relations at the pre-trial stages of the criminal process.
Originality and value: One of the important signs of the rule of law, the construction of which is proclaimed by the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is the exercise of judicial control over the preliminary investigation. Most of the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) adhere to this vector of development of criminal procedure legislation. Currently, international standards and principles governing the protection, protection, restoration of human rights and freedoms accumulate the most progressive, successfully tested legal concepts, which were the natural result of the tendency to strengthen guarantees of the rights of participants in criminal proceedings. The article is devoted to the problems of legal regulation of judicial control at the stage of preliminary investigation related to compliance with international standards.
8
Vasylchyshyn, Oleksandra, Volodymyr Tytor e Anastasia Tsar. "IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE ON THE INVESTIGATION OF FINANCIAL CRIMES". Economic Analysis, n. 30(2) (2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.02.017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers foreign experience in the investigation of financial crimes on the example of such countries as the United States, Poland, Spain, Canada, France. The influence of financial crimes on the functioning and development of the state has been studied, and the peculiarities of counteracting and combating money laundering in these countries have been determined. The activity of the State Financial Monitoring Service on detection and processing of information of risky financial transactions and its cooperation with foreign divisions of financial investigations is described. The most popular countries in which there are entities with a suspicious reputation for financial transactions are identified. It is also determined that the legalization of criminal proceeds is a financial crime that encroaches on the established procedure for conducting financial transactions, and hence on the national interests of the state.
9
Shataylyuk, Ekaterina E. "The Standard of Proof in the Criminal Procedure Within the Framework of Investigation of Highly Profitable Crimes (the Comparative Law Aspect)". International criminal law and international justice 2 (25 aprile 2024): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1190-2024-2-7-11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers approaches to the legislative regulation of the standard of proof in criminal proceedings and its practical interpretation in Russia and abroad (in particular, in England, Germany, the USA and France). The author finds that the standard of proof of guilt in domestic criminal proceedings, which requires that all irremovable doubts be resolved in favour of the accused (article 14 (3) of the CPC of the RF), significantly expands the constitutional prescription, which lacks any indication of the necessity of such an evaluation of all (!) irremovable doubts (article 49 of the Constitution of the RF). At the same time, the law does not offer any additional criteria that could help to assess such doubts. Such an approach severely limits the possibilities of proof in complex criminal cases (especially high-profit crimes), where some doubts may always remain, and does not allow for a proper assessment of circumstantial evidence.
10
Shevchuk, Viktor, Mariietta Kapustina, Dmytro Zatenatskyi, Maryna Kostenko e Inna Kolesnikova. "Criminalistic support of combating iatrogenic criminal offenses: Information system prospects". Social Legal Studios 6, n. 4 (12 dicembre 2023): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/sals4.2023.208.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The research relevance is stipulated by the negative dynamics of the increase in the number of iatrogenic offences in Ukraine and the need to update the criminalistic support tools to effectively counteract these types of acts. Given this, the study aims to explore the prospects for developing an information system for recording cases of defects in the provision of medical care in Ukraine to promptly detect and investigate criminal offences in the field of medical practice. Various research methods were used, including analysis, synthesis, comparison, structural and functional, statistical, formal, and legal, and deduction. The study identifies the factors that necessitate the development of an information system for registering and studying cases of inadequate medical care to patients. In addition, the author examines the experience of Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, France, and other European countries in ensuring the operation of mechanisms for recording and reporting on adverse effects caused by defects in the provision of medical care. The advantages of information systems in the context of combating iatrogenic criminal offences are also revealed and proposals for the implementation of such mechanisms in Ukraine are developed. The study pays special attention to establishing the essence of iatrogenic criminal offences and identifying their specific features which create difficulties for the investigation of criminal offences in the field of medical activity since they are latent. The results obtained in the course of the study should be used to improve the competence of criminal justice officials whose activities are aimed at conducting pre-trial investigations of iatrogenic criminal offences through the use of innovative criminalistic tools
Tesi sul tema "Criminal investigation – France"
1
Baile, Alexandra. "L'encadrement juridique de l'expertise pénale". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’expertise judiciaire pénale consiste à faire intervenir un sachant, spécialiste de son domaine, dans un procès pénal, afin qu’il l’éclaire par sa science. Par la maitrise de son art, l’expert détient une place indispensable au sein de ce procès. Son rôle dans la manifestation de la vérité est essentiel et ne cesse de s’accroitre, notamment du fait des avancées scientifiques. Cette force probante importante influence énormément l’intime conviction des juges. Cela peut se révéler dangereux dans le cadre d’analyses faillibles ou subjectives. Face à ce risque, il est nécessaire d’encadrer strictement chaque étape de la mesure expertale. Ce besoin trouve également son origine dans la confrontation qui peut se produire entre l’expertise et les droits fondamentaux. À l’image de la procédure pénale, cette mesure se heurte à une opposition entre la nécessité de rechercher la vérité afin de protéger l’ordre public et les libertés individuelles atteintes par l’activité de l’expert. L’enjeu de l’encadrement de l’expertise pénale repose donc sur la recherche d’un équilibre entre ces deux objectifs de protection, parfois antagonistes. Cet équilibre se manifeste aussi entre le besoin d’efficacité de la mesure et le respect des règles du procès équitable dans lequel le contradictoire possède une place considérable. Par ailleurs, l’expertise fait face à des obstacles factuels qui peuvent rendre sa mise en œuvre laborieuse. L’encadrement de l’expertise pénale se doit d’en tenir compte. Ainsi, du recrutement de l’expert, jusqu’aux effets du rapport, en passant par la mise en œuvre de la mission, l’encadrement de l’expertise pénale est confronté à des difficultés et répond à un besoin impérieux. Cet encadrement se doit d’être évolutif pour se trouver en conformité avec la société dans laquelle il intervient. Bien que satisfaisant, il reste perfectible. Le système actuel pourrait faire l’objet d’une homogénéisation, dans un but de simplification des procédures. L’encadrement de l’expertise pénale doit être particulièrement simple pour être efficace, car il s’adresse en grande partie aux experts qui, par définition, ne sont pas des spécialistes du droitThe criminal expertise involves calling upon a specialist, knowledgeable in his/her field to shed light in criminal trial. Because of his/her level of competence, this expert witness is a key element in a criminal trial. His/her role in revealing the truth is essential and even more so when considering scientific progress. This major probative force greatly influences the judges’ personal convictions which can prove risky in the case of fallible and subjective analyses. Accordingly, it is necessary to tightly frame each step of the expert’s testimony. This need also stems from the possible conflict between the expertise and fundamental rights. Just like criminal proceedings, the criminal expertise collides with the contradiction between safeguarding public order by seeking the truth and preventing the expert’s testimony to infringe on individual rights. Therefore, the challenge in framing the criminal expertise lies in finding a balance between these two sometimes conflicting, safeguarding purposes. A need for balance is also evident when considering both the effectiveness of the criminal expertise and the respect of the rules for a fair trial where the principe of audi alteram partem is greatly important. Moreover, the criminal expertise faces factual obstacles which may hinder its implementation. This must be taken into account while establishing the criminal expertise framework. Thus, from the selection of the expert to the impact of the report, through the implementation of the task, the criminal expertise framework has to cope with difficulties and has to answer to a compelling need. This framework must be adjustable and conform to the society to which it applies. Although satisfying, it still could be improved. The current system might be subject to standardization, leading to a simplification of procedures. The criminal expertise framework must be specifically simple to be efficient because it addresses, for the most part, experts who, by definition, are no law experts
2
Peter, Marc. "L'appropriation des avoirs criminels : les saisies pénales spéciales garantissant la peine de confiscation, une étape majeure pour une stratégie pénale patrimoniale repensée ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0285.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La lutte contre la délinquance de lucre et de trafic repose aujourd’hui en France sur une stratégie fondée principalement sur l’appréhension des avoirs illicites ainsi générés par cette activité. En pratique, la loi française a conféré aux magistrats, et sous certaines conditions aux enquêteurs, des prérogatives très offensives permettant de placer sous-main de justice des biens patrimoniaux très en amont de la procédure, au plus tôt, et ce indépendamment du droit de propriété et de la présomption d’innocence. Cependant, si la loi a grandement réformé le droit des saisies en créant les saisies pénales spéciales, elle n’a pas donné le cadre à un droit de l’exécution des confiscations. En effet, la confiscation reste le pivot de l’enquête pénale patrimoniale, même si les saisies pénales spéciales en sont aujourd’hui le moteur. Pourtant, l’absence d’une procédure post-sentence est de nature à ouvrir un nouvel espace d’opportunité pour permettre aux condamnés de dissiper une partie de leurs biens. C’est la raison pour laquelle le droit pénal patrimonial français devrait connaître une mise à jour pour conférer à la justice un cadre complet pour garantir que le crime ne paie pasIn France, the money-laundering and trafficking fight is based on a apprehension of the illicit assets strategy. French law give to magistrates, and under conditions to investigators, very offensive prerogatives to seize property assets very early in the proceedings and regardless of the property and the presumption of innocence rights. However, the law largely reformed law of seizures by creating special criminal seizures, it did not provide a framework for confiscation enforcement. Indeed, confiscation remains the pivot of criminal property investigation, although special criminal seizures are now the driving force. The absence of a post sentential procedure is likely to open a new space of opportunity for the convicteds to dissipate part of their property. This is the reason why French criminal law should be updated to give justice a complete framework to ensure that crime does not pay
3
Petit, Frère Renel. "La répression pénale de la criminalité organisée : étude comparée des droits français et haïtien". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30055.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La criminalité organisée constitue une préoccupation pour les pouvoirs publics français et haïtiens et sa répression pénale se situe au cœur des droits français et haïtien. Pour ce faire, les deux législateurs ont dû adapter leur législation pénale afin de doter l’institution judiciaire de nouveaux instruments répressifs permettant la détection et la répression des infractions de criminalité organisée. Celles-ci sont réprimées via une double approche répressive proactive et réactive. On remarque que le droit pénal de la criminalité organisée tant substantiel que formel opère un glissement du réactif vers le proactif. Il s’agit d’une logique répressive qui privilégie l’efficacité répressive sur le respect des principes fondamentaux. Le droit à un procès équitable s’y trouve alors malmené. Dans les deux droits, les personnes impliquées dans des infractions organisées sont sévèrement sanctionnées et la confiscation des avoirs criminels est utilisée à des fins préventives et répressives. Cette répression se fait dans le cadre d’une coopération policière et judiciaire efficace qui favorise l’émergence de nouveaux instruments de coopération provoquant ainsi la mutualisation et la régionalisation des normes destinées à la répression pénale de la criminalité organisée. Cette étude comparative montre qu’Haïti peut bénéficier de l’expertise judiciaire française fondée sur la spécialisation des acteurs judiciaires qui interviennent dans le procès pénalOrganized crime is a major concern for the French and Haitian public forces and the related crime repression methods are at the core of the French and Haitian Criminal Law. In that sense, both legislators had to adapt their criminal legislation in order to provide the judicial system with new instruments of crime control to help detect and punish organized crime offenses. The latter are fought down via a double punishment approach that is proactive and reactive. We notice that the criminal law of organized crime, whether substantive or formal, slides from the reactive towards the proactive. It is a repressive logic that favours efficient repressive methods over the respect of fundamental principals. And therefore, the right of a fair trial is ill-used. In both Rights, the people involved in organized offences are severally sanctioned and the criminal assets are forfeited in order to apply preventive and repressive measures. This repression takes place within a cooperative efficient framework between the police and the judicial body and causes the emergence of new instruments of cooperation and the sharing and regionalization of the norms of criminal sanctions against organized crime. This comparative study shows that Haiti can benefit from the French judiciary expertise founded on the specialisation of the judiciary actors who participate in the criminal proceedings
4
Soubise, Laurene. "Prosecutorial discretion and accountability : a comparative study of France and England and Wales". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chargés de mettre en œuvre la loi pénale contre les personnes soupçonnées d’infractions, les procureurs bénéficient traditionnellement d’un large pouvoir d’appréciation qui est en général encadré par la loi et par des instructions hiérarchiques que les procureurs doivent suivre lorsqu’ils prennent leurs décisions. Avec une analyse fondée sur des observations et des entretiens dans les systèmes français et anglo-gallois, cette étude comparative vise à comprendre comment les systèmes de justice pénale étudiés s’efforcent de combiner les nécessités du contrôle des autorités de poursuites dans des sociétés démocratiques modernes avec la souplesse et la réactivité nécessaires à l’application de la loi résultant de la marge d’appréciation laissée aux procureurs. Il existe actuellement peu d’études empiriques et systématiques du processus de décision des autorités de poursuites. Cette thèse montre qu’aucun des systèmes observés ne parvient à un équilibre satisfaisant entre le degré de responsabilité et le pouvoir de décision des procureurs. En France, bien que le contrôle démocratique et hiérarchique des procureurs soit bien développé en théorie, il reste limité en pratique, en raison en raison de la primauté du principe d’individualisation dans la culture juridique et du statut professionnel des procureurs comme magistrats indépendants. En Angleterre et au Pays de Galles, les procureurs font partie d’une structure particulièrement bureaucratique et centralisée qui impose une stricte uniformité des décisions de poursuites aux dépens du pouvoir de décision et de l’autonomie des procureurs dont le rôle se limite à des tâches simples et répétitives en raison de la segmentation de la procédure de poursuites. Cette structure autoritaire de contrôle, conjuguée à un équilibre historique des pouvoirs en faveur de la police, semble empêcher les procureurs de prendre des décisions qui pourraient être mal vues par leur hiérarchie ou la police. Enfin, le manque de ressources et une recherche constante d’efficacité dans chacun des systèmes juridiques étudiés ont produit une bureaucratisation de la procédure pénale, certaines tâches étant déléguées à du personnel peu qualifié et les affaires mineures étant expédiées le plus rapidement possible selon un traitement standardiséTasked with enforcing the criminal law against suspected offenders, public prosecutors have traditionally enjoyed broad discretion, which is usually structured by legal and policy guidelines defining rules prosecutors should follow when making their decisions. Basing its analysis upon direct observations and interviews in the two jurisdictions under study, this comparative thesis endeavours to understand how the French and Anglo-Welsh criminal justice systems attempt to combine the necessities of accountability for public prosecution services in modern democratic societies with the flexibility and reactivity needed in the application of the law provided by prosecutorial discretion. There have been few systematic, empirical accounts of the decision-making process of these national prosecution services.This thesis argues that neither system observed achieves a satisfactory balance between accountability and discretion for public prosecutors. In France, although democratic and hierarchical accountability channels are well developed in theory, oversight is weak due to the primacy of the concept of ‘adaptation’ in the legal culture and the strong professional ethos of procureurs as independent judicial officers. In England and Wales, public prosecutors are part of a highly bureaucratic and centralised structure which strictly enforces consistency in prosecutorial decisions at the expense of much discretion and autonomy for individual prosecutors whose responsibility is limited to narrow and repetitive tasks due to the segmentation of the prosecution process. This overbearing accountability structure, coupled with a historical balance of power in favour of the police, appears to prevent prosecutors from making decisions perceived as unpopular with their hierarchy or the police. Finally, pressure on resources and a drive for efficiency in both jurisdictions have resulted in the bureaucratisation of the criminal justice process with part of the prosecution workload being delegated to unqualified staff and minor cases being processed as quickly as possible into a one-size-fits-all system
5
Soulier, Sébastien. "L’actualité criminelle dans la presse du Puy-de-Dôme de 1852 à 1914. Etude de la chronique judiciaire". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF20008/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le 29 juillet 1881, la loi sur la liberté de la presse marque le point de départ d’un développement sans précédent de la presse écrite en France. Un développement qui amène cette presse à jouer un rôle désormais essentiel dans la vie politique, sociale et culturelle de tous les français. Très rapidement, la presse du Puy-de-Dôme profite de ce bouleversement institutionnel pour se développer à son tour. Parallèlement au succès des romans feuilletons, l’actualité criminelle devient alors un des atouts commerciaux majeurs de cette presse écrite devenue populaire, et ce depuis le début des années 1860 et la naissance du Petit Journal. Tous les moyens sont bons pour faire voir à son lectorat. Les dépêches ne suffisent plus, il faut désormais se déplacer, enquêter, s’interroger et révéler, avec ou sans la collaboration des autorités judiciaires. En effet, la criminalité a depuis toujours suscité au sein de la population un éventail d’émotions aussi diverses que la peur, le dégoût, la curiosité, la réprobation et la fascination. En réponse à ces émotions, les révélations et les jugements d’actes criminels sont l’occasion pour la presse de multiplier les éloges ou d’émettre des critiques vis-à-vis du système politique et judiciaire, de s’inquiéter de la déchéance des valeurs morales, de s’effrayer des menaces anarchistes et des monstres tapis dans les ruelles et les champs. Plus que de simples outils d’information et de politisation, les journaux deviennent alors par le biais de l’actualité criminelle le relais des interrogations et des convictions de toute une société. Le but de cette réflexion est de mettre en avant les spécificités de cette représentation médiatique de la criminalité en insistant sur sa dimension provinciale et sur son évolution, des premières années du Second Empire aux dernières heures de la Belle ÉpoqueOn July 29th 1881, the law on the freedom of the press marked the starting point of an unprecedented development in the French written press which led to its playing what then became an essential role in the social, political and cultural life of all French people. Before long, the press in Puy-de-Dôme benefited from this development, to evolve in the same way. In parallel with the success crime reports brought to serialised fiction, these crime reports became one of the major commercial assets of this newly popular written press, and had done so in particular from the beginning of the 1860s and the founding of the Petit Journal. Newspapers would stop at nothing to show the readership what was involved; dispatches no longer sufficed. From then on it became necessary to go and see, investigate, reason things out and disclose information, with or without the collaboration of the judicial authorities. Indeed, crime has always aroused a wide range of emotions in people such as fear, disgust, curiosity, reprobation and fascination. In response to these emotions, the revelations of and verdicts given for criminal acts provided the press with an opportunity to endlessly praise or else to express criticism of the political and legal system, to show concern about the decline in moral values and to be scared of anarchistic threats and of monsters hiding in alleyways and fields. More than being simple informational or politicizing tools, newspapers, through crime reports, then became the indispensable relay of the questionings and convictions of society as a whole. The aim of this reflection is to highlight the specificities of this media representation of crime while insisting on the form it took in the provinces and on its evolution in the first few years of the Second Empire and the final hours of the Belle Époque
6
Dornier, Orane. "Juges et membres du ministère public dans l'avant-procès, l'exemple de l'Allemagne et de la France". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
En 2009, le comité Léger alors chargé de réfléchir à l’évolution de la procédure pénale française, proposait pour l’avant-procès un nouveau modèle ressemblant, à s’y méprendre, au système germanique, et dont la mesure phare était la suppression du juge d’instruction pour en confier l’essentiel de ses attributions au parquet. Rappelée à l’ordre par une ancienne ministre de la Justice allemande dans le cadre du Conseil de l’Europe, qui craignait que cette réforme poursuive des fins essentiellement personnelles, la France abandonna finalement son projet. Mais, pourquoi cet avertissement présenté justement par une garde des Sceaux allemande alors même que l’Allemagne ne connaît pas à l’heure actuelle l’institution du magistrat instructeur et que le parquet y est toujours hiérarchiquement soumis au contrôle du pouvoir exécutif ? Existe-t-il des différences susceptibles de justifier la compatibilité́ du système allemand avec les principes directeurs fondamentaux de la procédure pénale alors même qu’était dénoncé le système proposé par le rapport Léger, s’en rapprochant étroitement ? Quels enseignements supplémentaires peut apporter le droit comparé sur la question du juge d’instruction autour de laquelle le législateur français ne cesse de tourner ? Autant d’interrogations auxquelles cette thèse souhaite apporter des réponses sans se heurter, selon la formule de Jean Carbonnier, à l’écueil du « mythe du législateur étranger ». Au moyen d’une démarche comparatiste approfondie tenant compte de l’influence capitale de l’Union européenne et du Conseil de l’Europe, une plongée est ici effectuée au cœur des cultures procédurales pénales allemandes et françaises pour les confronter de manière critique et apprécier la question délicate de l’équilibre fonctionnel de l’avant-projets au regard des principes directeurs de la procédure pénale, telles l’indépendante et l’impartialité de la justice, ainsi que des droits et libertés fondamentaux des personnes concernées. La remise en cause du juge d’instruction ne saurait être abordée sans s’interroger sur le rôle que jouent les acteurs censés le remplacer, à savoir le parquet et le juge de l’enquête ou des libertés et de la détention, leur statut, de même que leurs fonctions ainsi que leur efficacité́. Seront également analysés de manière détaillée les principes de légalité et d’opportunité qui imprègnent différemment les systèmes nationaux à l’étude et ont une incidence certaine sur l’équilibre des fonctions en placeIn 2009 the “Léger Commission” proposed new guidelines for judicial criminal pre-trial which were very much like the ones found in the German judicial system. The main suggestion was to suppress investigating judges and give the Public Prosecutor Office most of their powers and trusts. However, France gave up the idea after a former German Minister of Justice launched a warning against it in the Council of Europe on the grounds that it might only serve personal interest. Yet, why should a German Minister of Justice issue such a reminder? As a matter of fact, there are currently no Investigating Judges in Germany and the Public Prosecutor as a public official is still strongly connected to the Executive Authority. Could there be differences which would explain why the German judicial system is compatible with the main principles which apply to proceedings in criminal matters, even though the French “Léger Commission” guidelines, which are very close to the German system ones, have been criticized by the Council of Europe? In what ways can comparative law help us further understand the legal issues raised by the investigating judges, source of continuing concern in France? This PhD thesis aims at providing some answers to these questions while trying to avoid an outsider’s dry approach to a country’s laws, what Jean Carbonnier referred to as le mythe du législateur étranger. The purpose is to go deep into the heart of the German and French proceedings in criminal matters by comparing them thoroughly and considering the paramount influence of the European Union and of the Council of Europe. There will be a critical approach towards the proceedings and an assessment of the pre-trial operational balance acknowledging the leading principles of penal procedure, judicial independence and neutrality, as well as the fundamental rights and freedoms of those affected. In order to decide whether there should be investigating judges, it is necessary to examine more deeply the role played by those who would replace them, namely Public Prosecutors and other pretrial judges like the liberty and custody judge in France or the judge of the investigations in Germany. Would their legal status, duties and effectiveness be different? There will also be a thorough analysis of the principles governing mandatory and discretionary prosecutions, principles which have been applied differently in Germany and in France, and which can have a real influence on the existing national judicial system balance
7
Koudelková, Zuzana. "Soudní tlumočení pro nerodilé mluvčí v trestním řízení (ČR)". Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343074.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the present theoretical-empirical thesis is to present the topic of court interpreting for non-native speakers, focusing on criminal proceedings in the Czech Republic. At first, the study looks into the context of Czech court interpreting, taking into account interpreters' tasks in individual stages of criminal proceedings and concentrating on communication situations in which non-native speakers take part. The topic of the second chapter is interpreting for non- native speakers in general. This chapter consists of findings and conclusions of studies published by Michaela Albl-Mikasa as well as other authors who address the topic of conference interpreting through lingua franca. The third chapter looks into interpreting for non- native speakers in the area of court interpreting. It is based on an analysis of findings obtained by lingua franca research in the field of conference interpreting against the background of general court interpreting theories. The empirical part provides a description of research based on hypotheses of a survey carried out by Michaela Albl-Mikasa transferred into the context of Czech court interpreting in criminal proceedings. The aim is to find whether interpreters, judges, state prosecutors, police officers and lawyers use different strategies when...
Libri sul tema "Criminal investigation – France"
1
Haberbusch, Benoît. Les gendarmes face au crime durant l'entre-deux-guerres. La Crèche: Geste éd., 2012.
Cerca il testo completo
2
Rencontre, internationale de magistrats policiers avocats et universitaires: France Allemagne Espagne Italie (1991). Justice, police judiciaire et Europe: Actes de la Rencontre internationale de magistrats, policiers, avocats et universitaires, France, Allemagne, Espagne, Italie : 10 janvier 1991. Lyon: Editions A. Lacassagne, 1991.
Cerca il testo completo
3
France, Johnny. Incident at Big Sky: The true story of Sheriff Johnny France and the capture of the mountain men. New York: Norton, 1986.
Cerca il testo completo
4
Bousquet, Gérard. Autobiograflic: La police judiciaire vécue de l'intérieur. Saint-Malo: P. Galodé éditeurs, 2010.
Cerca il testo completo
5
Hériot, Franck. AZF, l'enquête assassinée. Paris: Plon, 2008.
Cerca il testo completo
6
Jean-Christian, Tirat, a cura di. AZF, l'enquête assassinée. Paris: Plon, 2008.
Cerca il testo completo
7
Hériot, Franck. AZF, l'enquête assassinée. Paris: Plon, 2008.
Cerca il testo completo
8
Deviers-Joncour, Christine. Yin Qingfeng si wang pin tu: Lafaye jian jun shou an jing bao nei mu = Opération Bravo. 8a ed. Taibei Shi: Shang zhi wen hua, 2000.
Cerca il testo completo
9
Peter, May. The critic. Leicester [England]: Thorpe, 2016.
Cerca il testo completo
10
Peter, May. The critic. Scottsdale, AZ: Poisoned Pen Press, 2007.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Criminal investigation – France"
1
Hodgson, Jacqueline S. "Miscarriages of Justice and Procedural Change". In The Metamorphosis of Criminal Justice, 251–79. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199981427.003.0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter introduces some of the common themes in miscarriages of justice across jurisdictions, before going on to focus on responses to the Outreau affair, the investigation of an alleged pedophile ring in northern France in which the weaknesses of the instruction process, ultimately, led to the collapse of the case and to three separate commissions of enquiry. The high-profile Outreau affair became a touchstone for the weaknesses of the French system, demonstrating the dangers of concentrating power in the hands of magistrats who, despite their constitutional independence and truth-seeking ideology, routinely failed to challenge or interrogate the perspectives of fellow judges or prosecutors, replicating the tunnel vision of the police investigation and undercutting the role of the defense. Reforms tempered but did not challenge the inquisitorial ideal, extending the principle of contradictoire. Ultimately, however, despite public attention and three commissions of enquiry, many proposals were never implemented.
2
Brown, L. Neville, John S. Bell e Jean-Michel Galabert. "The Procedure of the Courts". In French Administrative Law, 89–125. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198765134.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The procedure before the French administrative courts is quite unlike any court procedure in England and differs also from that before the civil courts in France. This is principally because it shares the characteristic of French criminal procedure in being ‘inquisitorial’ rather than adopting the ‘accusatorial’ method of the English criminal process or the ‘adversary’ procedure of our civil trial. In other words, the court takes upon itself the task of finding out the facts, not being content to decide the case on the facts as established by the parties. Indeed, the court will also pursue an independent investigation of the law, again not being content or constrained (as in England) to rely upon the investigations and arguments of counsel.
3
Hodgson, Jacqueline S. "The Role and Status of the Prosecutor". In The Metamorphosis of Criminal Justice, 115–41. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199981427.003.0004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
By situating the crown prosecutor and the French procureur within the broader legal cultural traditions in which they operate, this chapter compares the nature of the prosecutor’s role and functions in the two jurisdictions, their relationship with the investigation, and the different ways in which prosecutors’ independence and accountability are structured and understood. Prosecutors play a pivotal role at the heart of the criminal justice process, preparing and prosecuting criminal matters, managing the flux of cases, and, increasingly, disposing of cases through alternatives to prosecution. The different status of prosecutors in France and England and Wales and their relationship to judicial and political authority are important factors in how we understand and evaluate the functions of the prosecutor, the rights and responsibilities of other legal actors, and the legitimacy of the expanding prosecution role.
4
Hodgson, Jacqueline S. "The Demise of Procedural Fairness". In The Metamorphosis of Criminal Justice, 54–79. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199981427.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Charting trends in legislation, case law, and commissions of enquiry, this chapter considers the ways in which values of procedural fairness were strengthened in the criminal justice traditions of England and Wales and of France during the late twentieth century, and how these have subsequently been eclipsed by broader concerns with managerialism, efficiency, and crime control, as both countries move inexorably toward what might be described as an administrative system of criminal justice. Manifested through a variety of mechanisms for the avoidance of trial, the avoidance even of a full investigation, and the rapid disposal of cases, the roles of criminal justice actors are changing. Power and responsibility are shifting away from the judiciary toward the prosecution, the defense is co-opted into the managerialist objectives of the criminal process, and a version of efficiency is elevated as the overriding objective, while the values of procedural fairness disappear from view.
5
Skutele, Signe. "Francijas tiesību ietekme uz izmeklēšanas tiesneša institūta izveidi Krievijas impērijas 1864. gada tiesu reformas ietvaros". In Tiesības un tiesiskā vide mainīgos apstākļos, 342–48. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.79.38.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the reform of 20 November 1864, emulating the most current Western European legal traditions, especially considering the example of France and its outlook on rights, the institute of examining magistrate was created in the Russian Empire. Originally intended as a judge with all related guarantees, ultimately, with the aid of the police, it ended up performing an investigation under the supervision of prosecutors. Consequently, the inquisitorial procedures secured substantial impact on preliminary criminal proceedings. In this article, the author focuses on the analysis of historical genesis of the examining magistrate institute in France and the Russian Empire, researching the impact of the French law pertaining to the examining magistrate established under the reforms in the Russian Empire and the differences between the two countries regarding nature of the institute.
6
Lemaire, Elodie. "Specialization in Criminal Investigations". In Policing in France, 100–115. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429026928-7.
Testo completo
7
de Maillard, Clément. "Intelligence-led Policing in Criminal Investigations". In Policing in France, 86–99. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429026928-6.
Testo completo
8
Bourguiba, Leïla. "Is the Opposition Between Civil Law and Common Law Criminal Procedure the Lock or Key to International(ized) Tribunals’ Success?" In The President on Trial, 282–94. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858621.003.0034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter offers a comparative consideration of the efficacy of civil versus common law in adjudicating atrocity crimes, using the example of the French war crimes unit prosecution practice. On 16 October 2017, representatives of international criminal courts and tribunals met in France at the French National School for the Judiciary. Their meeting resulted in the signing of a Declaration on the effectiveness of international criminal justice (Paris Declaration). In gathering professionals from international courts and tribunals where the need to comply with founding texts and specific procedures can challenge those who, by habit, comfort, or conviction, draw on their national practise to interpret and apply the rules of procedure, the question of common versus civil law practice was the implicit focus. The Paris Declaration was adopted at a time when disappointment towards the ‘efficiency’ of international(ized) tribunals and courts is high. They are considered too slow and too costly. In this context, it is not unusual to hear that international trials would be better managed and more efficient if they borrowed more elements of ‘civil law’ on their ‘common law’ foundation. The chapter then describes the main characteristics of each procedural system to help identify which procedural model has been favoured before international(ized) tribunals. It also asks whether national investigation and prosecution of core international crimes are more efficient.
9
Amenta, Edwin, e Neal Caren. "Fantastic News: The Wild Media Ride of the Townsend Plan". In Rough Draft of History, 157–83. Princeton University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691232782.003.0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter focuses on the Townsend Plan, an old-age pension organization that commanded headlines and political interest in the 1930s and 1940s. Although not much remembered, the Townsend Plan captured the nation's attention in the mid-1930s, when Townsend clubs were springing up all across the country. The organization was often treated substantively in the news, but the proposal, the organization, and its leaders, notably Dr. Francis Townsend himself, were usually treated dismissively and often derisively. Townsend's pension program was labeled unrealistic, dangerous, and “fantastic,” back when that term meant something hopelessly unrealistic. During the group's investigation by Congress, the doctor and other organizational leaders were often portrayed as mercenaries, criminals, and deviants. Often news attention focused on its leaders as squabbling quasi-celebrities, highlighting the organization's irascible frontman. The chapter examines all the front-page news of the Townsend Plan and identifies the characteristics that led reliably to substantive coverage when the organization was able to gain it. Assertive action was key to the main pathways, but also had to happen in a favorable political context or in stories initiated by the action of the organization.