Bibliografie tematiche / Cover crop

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cover crop"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 11 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cover crop"

London, Howard, David J. Saville, Charles N. Merfield, Oluwashola Olaniyan e Stephen D. Wratten. "The ability of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to penetrate mesh crop covers used to protect potato crops against tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli)". PeerJ 8 (7 agosto 2020): e9317. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9317.

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In Central and North America, Australia and New Zealand, potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops are attacked by Bactericera cockerelli, the tomato potato psyllid (TPP). ‘Mesh crop covers’ which are used in Europe and Israel to protect crops from insect pests, have been used experimentally in New Zealand for TPP control. While the covers have been effective for TPP management, the green peach aphid (GPA, Myzus persicae) has been found in large numbers under the mesh crop covers. This study investigated the ability of the GPA to penetrate different mesh hole sizes. Experiments using four sizes (0.15 × 0.15, 0.15 × 0.35, 0.3 × 0.3 and 0.6 × 0.6 mm) were carried out under laboratory conditions to investigate: (i) which mesh hole size provided the most effective barrier to GPA; (ii) which morph of adult aphids (apterous or alate) and/or their progeny could breach the mesh crop cover; (iii) would leaves touching the underside of the cover, as opposed to having a gap between leaf and the mesh, increase the number of aphids breaching the mesh; and (iv) could adults feed on leaves touching the cover by putting only their heads and/or stylets through it? No adult aphids, either alate or apterous, penetrated the mesh crop cover; only nymphs did this, the majority being the progeny of alate adults. Nymphs of the smaller alatae aphids penetrated the three coarsest mesh sizes; nymphs of the larger apterae penetrated the two coarsest sizes, but no nymphs penetrated the smallest mesh size. There was no statistical difference in the number of aphids breaching the mesh crop cover when the leaflets touched its underside compared to when there was a gap between leaf and mesh crop cover. Adults did not feed through the mesh crop cover, though they may have been able to sense the potato leaflet using visual and/or olfactory cues and produce nymphs as a result. As these covers are highly effective for managing TPP on field potatoes, modifications of this protocol are required to make it effective against aphids as well as TPP.

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Kruse, Raymond, e Ajay Nair. "Summer Cover Crops and Lettuce Planting Time Influence Weed Population, Soil Nitrogen Concentration, and Lettuce Yields". HortTechnology 26, n. 4 (agosto 2016): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.26.4.409.

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Cover crops can be used as a sustainable weed management tool in crop production systems. Cover crops have the ability to suppress weeds, reduce soil erosion, increase soil organic matter, and improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. In the north-central region of the United States, including Iowa, much cover crop research has been conducted in row crop systems, mainly with corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) where cover crops are planted at the end of the growing season in September or October. There is little information available on the use of cover crops in vegetable cropping systems, particularly on the use of summer cover crops for fall vegetable production. The choice of the cover crop will significantly impact the entire fall vegetable production enterprise. Vegetable growers need information to identify the right cover crop for a particular slot in the cropping system and to understand how cover crops would affect weed suppression, soil properties, and successive vegetable crop yield. The time interval between cover crop termination and vegetable planting critically affects the growth and successive yield of the vegetable crop. This study investigated how short-duration summer cover crops impact weed suppression, soil properties, and ‘Adriana’ lettuce (Lactuca sativa) yield. The study also examined appropriate planting times of lettuce transplants after soil incorporation of cover crops. The experimental design was a randomized complete block split-plot design with four replications. Whole plots consisted of cover crop treatments: ‘Mancan’ buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), ‘Iron & Clay’ cowpea/southernpea (Vigna unguiculata), black oats (Avena strigosa), ‘Grazex II’ sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor ssp. drummondii), and a control (no-cover crop) where weeds were left to grow unchecked. The subplot treatment consisted of two lettuce transplanting times: planted immediately or 8 days after cover crop soil incorporation. Fall-planted butterhead lettuce was used. Data were collected on cover crop biomass, weed biomass, soil nutrient concentration, lettuce growth, and yield. All cover crops significantly reduced weed biomass during the fallow period as compared with the control treatment. Highest degree of weed suppression (90% as compared with the no-cover crop control treatment) was provided by buckwheat. Southernpea, a legume, increased soil nitrogen (N) concentration and contributed to higher lettuce yield and improved quality. Southernpea also enhanced lettuce growth and led to an earlier harvest than other treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass showed evidence of detrimental effects to the marketable lettuce crop. This was not due to N immobilization but presumably due to alleopathic properties. There is no clear pattern within any cover crop treatment that lettuce planting time following cover crop termination affects plant growth; however, planting early or soon after cover crop incorporation ensures more growing degree days and daylight, thus leading to timely harvest of a higher quality product. This study demonstrates that cover crops can successfully be integrated into vegetable cropping systems; however, cover crop selection is critical.

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Cai, Zhen, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Clark J. Gantzer, Shibu Jose, Larry Godsey e Lauren Cartwright. "Economic Impacts of Cover Crops for a Missouri Wheat–Corn–Soybean Rotation". Agriculture 9, n. 4 (24 aprile 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9040083.

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In the United States, agricultural production using row-crop farming has reduced crop diversity. Repeated growing of the same crop in a field reduces soil productivity and increases pests, disease infestations, and weed growth. These negative effects can be mitigated by rotating cash crops with cover crops. Cover crops can improve soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties, provide ground cover, and sequester soil carbon. This study examines the economic profitability for a four-year wheat–corn–soybean study with cover crops by conducting a field experiment involving a control (without cover crops) at the Soil Health Farm in Chariton County, MO, USA. Our findings suggested that economic profitability of the cash crop is negatively affected by the cover crop during the first two years but were positive in the fourth year. The rotation with cover crops obtained the same profit as in the control group if revenue from the cash crop increased by 35% or the cost of the cover crop decreased by 26% in the first year, depending on the cost of seeding the cover crop and terminating it. This study provides insights for policymakers on ways to improve the economic efficiency of cost-share conservation programs.

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Smith, Richard G., Lesley W. Atwood, Fredric W. Pollnac e Nicholas D. Warren. "Cover-Crop Species as Distinct Biotic Filters in Weed Community Assembly". Weed Science 63, n. 1 (marzo 2015): 282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-14-00071.1.

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Cover crops represent a potentially important biological filter during weed community assembly in agroecosystems. This filtering could be considered directional if different cover-crop species result in weed communities with predictably different species composition. We examined the following four questions related to the potential filtering effects of cover crops in a field experiment involving five cover crops grown in monoculture and mixture: (1) Do cover crops differ in their effect on weed community composition? (2) Is competition more intense between cover crops and weeds that are in the same family or functional group? (3) Is competition more intense across weed functional types in a cover-crop mixture compared with cover crops grown in monocultures? (4) Within a cover-crop mixture, is a higher seeding rate associated with more effective biotic filtering of the weed community? We found some evidence that cover crops differentially filtered weed communities and that at least some of these filtering effects were due to differential biomass production across cover-crop species. Monocultures of buckwheat and sorghum–sudangrass reduced the number of weed species relative to the no-cover-crop control by an average of 36 and 59% (buckwheat) and 25 and 40% (sorghum–sudangrass) in 2011 and 2012, respectively. We found little evidence that competition intensity was dependent upon the family or functional classification of the cover crop or weeds, or that cover-crop mixtures were stronger assembly filters than the most effective monocultures. Although our results do not suggest that annual cover crops exert strong directional filtering during weed community assembly, our methodological framework for detecting such effects could be applied to similar future studies that incorporate a greater number of cover-crop species and are conducted under a greater range of cover-cropping conditions.

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ALLISON, M. F., M. J. ARMSTRONG, K. W. JAGGARD e A. D. TODD. "Integration of nitrate cover crops into sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) rotations. I. Management and effectiveness of nitrate cover crops". Journal of Agricultural Science 130, n. 1 (febbraio 1998): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859697005108.

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Between 1989 and 1993, 17 experiments tested the effect of cover crop species, sowing date and destruction date on cover crop dry matter (DM) yield, N uptake and on soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) content. All the experiments were carried out in Suffolk, Norfolk, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire on sandy-loam textured soils after crops of cereals or oilseed rape had been harvested. The largest DM yields were obtained with early sowings and averaged 1·6 t/ha. Cover crop N uptake was less dependent upon sowing date and averaged 35 kg N/ha. The average reduction in SMN was from 46 to 32 kg N/ha. Differences between cover crop species were small when compared with season/site variations.Cereal cover crop DM yields were closely related to the thermal time accumulated from the first significant rainfall after sowing, whilst the yields of non-cereal cover crops were more affected by the moisture content of the soil at sowing. The amount of SMN in the soil at sowing had little or no effect on cover crop yield. The yields of cereal cover crops were much more predictable than those of non-cereal cover crops. Water usage by cover crops was estimated to be 20 mm/t DM and large cover crops delayed the onset of leaching and reduced the amount of water leached. However, even in dry autumns and winters, soils are likely to reach field capacity before the following beet crop is sown. Due to their large C[ratio ]N ratio (20[ratio ]1) little N would be mineralized after cover crop destruction. Cover crops comprising volunteer cereals and weeds often performed as well as the other cover crops and in most cases will be the most cost-effective cover crops.

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Weston, Leslie A. "Cover Crop and Herbicide Influence on Row Crop Seedling Establishment in No-Tillage Culture". Weed Science 38, n. 2 (marzo 1990): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056320.

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The establishment and management of nine cover crops in Kentucky production systems were evaluated in field experiments over a 2-yr period. ‘Wheeler’ rye, ‘Barsoy’ barley, and ‘Tyler’ wheat cereal grains produced greater biomass (180 to 260 g/m2) than the pasture species tall fescue, creeping red fescue, and white clover (55 to 110 g/m2). ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue, creeping red fescue, and white clover proved most difficult to control, and significant regrowth occurred regardless of herbicide or rate applied. HOE-39866 (1.7 kg ai/ha) was effective in rapidly controlling all cover crops except tall fescue by 30 days after application. Sethoxydim and fluazifop (0.4 and 0.3 kg ai/ha, respectively) effectively controlled the cereals and two ryegrass species. Glyphosate applied at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ai/ha was also effective, while 0.6 kg ai/ha controlled only cereal grain growth adequately. After chemical control, pasture grass plots contained fewest weeds/m2with some reductions likely due to density and regrowth of the sods. Cover crops were effective in suppressing weed growth at 45 days after chemical control. However, significant weed growth existed in all cover crop plots by 60 days after kill. Row crop establishment increased linearly with increasing glyphosate rate. Cereal grain covers provided the most compatible planting situations for greatest seedling establishment, with rye and wheat providing greatest weed suppression. Generally, increased weed suppression provided by a cover crop was accompanied by reduced row crop establishment, with greatest reductions observed in pasture grass plots. Cucumber was most easily established while snap pea was most difficult.

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Oliveira, Maxwel C., Liberty Butts e Rodrigo Werle. "Assessment of Cover Crop Management Strategies in Nebraska, US". Agriculture 9, n. 6 (14 giugno 2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9060124.

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Adoption of cover crops has the potential to increase agricultural sustainability in the US and beyond. In 2017, a survey was conducted with Nebraska stakeholders in an attempt to evaluate current cover crop management strategies adopted in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), field corn (Zea mays L.), and seed corn production. Eighty-two Nebraska stakeholders answered the survey, of which 80% identified themselves as growers. Eighty-seven percent of respondents manage cover crops, and the average cover crop ha planted on a per farm basis is 32%. The primary method of establishing cover crops following soybeans and field corn is drilling. In seed corn, interseeding is the main seeding strategy for cover crop establishment. Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) appeared as the most adopted cover crop species (either alone or in mixtures with radish [Raphanus sativus L.] or hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth]). Over 95% of respondents utilize herbicides for cover crop termination in the spring before crop planting. Glyphosate is used by 100% of survey respondents that use herbicides for cover crop termination. The major observed impacts of incorporating cover crops into a production system according to survey respondents are reduced soil erosion and weed suppression. According to 93% of respondents, cover crops improve weed control by suppressing winter and/or summer annual weed species. The biggest challenge reported by cover crop adopters is planting and establishing a decent stand before winter. According to the results of this survey, there are different management strategies, positive outcomes, and challenges that accompany cover crop adoption in Nebraska. These results will help growers, agronomists, and researchers better guide cover crop adoption, management, and future research and education needs in Nebraska and beyond.

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Carabajal-Capitán, Sara, Andrew R. Kniss e Randa Jabbour. "Seed Predation of Interseeded Cover Crops and Resulting Impacts on Ground Beetles". Environmental Entomology 50, n. 4 (12 aprile 2021): 832–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab026.

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Abstract Interseeding cover crops into standing grains can promote both agronomic and environmental benefits within agroecosystems. Producers must decide which cover crops are the best fit for their goals, and whether diverse cover crop mixtures provide benefits that are worth the increased seed cost. Broadcast seeding is an accessible strategy to try interseeding but can lead to patchy establishment; it is unknown how much seed loss is due to seed predators. In a two-year study, six cover crop species—planted as either single species or mixtures—were interseeded into standing corn. We evaluated seed predation at the time of seeding, agronomic impact through cover crop, and weedy biomass at the end of the season, and conservation impact through activity-density of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Cover crop seeds were vulnerable to seed predation, primarily by vertebrate seed predators, and seed loss varied across cover crop species. Cover crop biomass did not differ according to cover crop diversity and weedy biomass was not affected by cover crop presence or species. Cover crop diversity effects on carabid activity-density were inconsistent: carabids were higher in diverse mixtures in 1 year of the study, but only predicted by vegetative cover, not by cover crop, in the second year. Interseeding cover crops into corn has potential benefits for ground beetles, although the value of mixtures must be further explored.

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SaadatGhaleh joogh, Seyedeh Azaam, Ahmad Tobeh, Abdolghayoum Golipori e Mehran Ochi. "Management of cover crops of cold cereal, on total fresh weight, total dry weight weed, yield and yield components peppermint". Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 4, n. 01 (13 settembre 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol4iss01pp31-36.

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To study the effect of cover crop and how manage cover crop an experiment was conducted in Agricultural Research Center of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili , the experiment was factorial based on complete randomized block design with three replications. winter cover crops and spring cover crops as the main factor with six levels( winter wheat, spring wheat, winter barley , spring barley, winter rye, winter rye+ winter barley) and how manage cover crop with three levels (living mulch, heading mulch, mulch with herbicide) as a second factor. For comparison, two controls (without cover crop with weeding weeds and without cover crop without weeding weeds) was aside experiments. The results showed that main effect of type cover crop on the number of branches, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight of peppermint and also the total dry weight of weeds and at the first stage of sampling, Had a significant impact. The main effect of management was significant for all traits measured. However, the interaction of cover crop in how management cover crop were not significant. Winter wheat highest number of branches, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight of peppermint, relative to other levels of cover crops. In the first stage sampling is obtained by winter rye, the lowest total weed weight relative to other levels. Spring barley, winter rye the lowest total weed dry matter to create than other cover crop. All three methods to manage of cover crops the most affected by weeds dry weight compared to control. (no weeding and no cover crop weed)

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Fajemisin, Adegboyega, Alexis Racelis e Rupesh Kariyat. "Cascading Effects of Cover Crops on the Subsequent Cash Crop Defense against the Polyphagous Herbivore Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)". Insects 14, n. 2 (10 febbraio 2023): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14020177.

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Recent studies have started to show that the benefits of cover crops can cascade to the cash crop growing seasons. However, the impact of cover crops on the subsequent cash crop defense against herbivores is not well understood. To test this, we conducted a field and laboratory study to assess the possible cascading effects of cover crops such as Vigna unguiculata, Sorghum drummondii, Raphanus sativus, and Crotalaria juncea on the subsequent cash crop (Sorghum bicolor) defense against the notorious polyphagous herbivore fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) across three farms in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Our field and laboratory studies showed that the cash crop planted in the cover crop treatment differentially affected S. frugiperda. More specifically, we found that cover crops have positive effects on the growth and development of S. frugiperda on the subsequent cash crop, including both larval and pupal parameters. However, our experiments on physical and chemical defenses in cash crops failed to show any significant differences between cover and control. Collectively, our results add an additional line of evidence on the effects of cover crops on pest dynamics outside the cash crop season, a key consideration for the selection and management of cover crops and cash crops, whose underlying mechanisms need to be examined further.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Cover crop"

Munda, Bruce, Tim C. Knowles, Art Meen, Vic Wakimoto e Bill Worthy. "Winter Forage Cover Crop Trials". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208283.

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Several crops were evaluated at Worthy farms, near Marana, AZ, Wakimoto farms, Mohave Valley, near Bullhead City, AZ, and the Tucson Plant Materials Center for use as a winter cover crop following cotton with potential to reduce wind erosion and produce one to two hay cuttings. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), 'Lana' woolypod vetch (Vicia villosa ssp. varia), 'Papago' pea (Pisum sativum), and 'Biomaster' pea (Pisum sativum) were sown at the Tucson Plant Materials Center. Species sown at Worthy farm were: Papago pea, Lana vetch, and Biomaster pea. Species sown at Wakimoto farm were: Biomaster pea, Lana vetch, 'Seco' barley (Hordeum vulgare), and 'Multi-cut' berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum). Forage yield varied between locations due to sowning date, number of irrigations, and soil textures. Biomaster pea, Papago pea, and Lana vetch performed well at all three locations. However, Biomaster yields were more consistent and due to its shorter growing season may be the better choice as a winter cover between cotton crops. Additional trials are scheduled for the fall of 1998.

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Ess, Daniel R. "Cover crop residue effects on machine-induced soil compaction". Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164819/.

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Arnet, Kevin Broc. "Cover crops in no-tillage crop rotations in eastern and western Kansas". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4086.

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Christenson, Andi Marie. "Cover crops for horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] control before and during a soybean crop". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19230.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
J. Anita Dille
Kraig Roozeboom
Increasing numbers of herbicide-resistant weed species require alternative methods of weed suppression to be examined. This study quantified the interaction between various cover crop or herbicide systems and horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] growth. Fall cover crops of winter wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)], winter rye [Secale cereal (L.)], barley [Hordeum vulgare (L.)] and annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (L.)] were seeded in November 2012 and 2013. Spring cover crop of oat [Avena sativa (L.)] was seeded in April 2013 or rye was seeded in March 2014. All cover crops were no-till seeded into grain sorghum stubble [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Four herbicide treatments were fall or spring applied, with and without residual. The spring non-residual treatment was also applied to plots of winter rye. Cover crop plots were split and terminated with a roller crimper or glyphosate application prior to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting to determine the effect of termination method on treatment performance. Soybean was planted in June 2013 and May 2014 and mechanically harvested in October of both years. Horseweed density, biomass accumulation, and soybean yield data were quantified. Horseweed height, whole plant seed production, and seed subsamples were recorded in the untreated fallow control, winter wheat, and winter rye plots in 2014. Horseweed suppression by winter rye approached 90%, levels similar to suppression by herbicide systems. In both years, herbicide plots had less than half the horseweed biomass than any of the cover crop systems. In 2013, soybean yields in herbicide plots were at least 1,500 kg ha[superscript]-1, nearly more than double yields in cover crop plots. Soybean yields in 2014 were more consistent across treatments; barley and spring rye plots achieved yields equal to or greater than 2,000 kg ha[superscript]-1. Winter rye and winter wheat reduced horseweed seed production by 60% compared to the untreated fallow control, with no effect on individual seed weight. Seed production varied across plants, with the untreated control producing the greatest number of seeds. Cover crops were successful at reducing horseweed biomass, suppressing horseweed pressure, preserving soybean biomass, and protecting soybean yields when compared to a fallow untreated control.

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Kern, James D. "Water Quality Impacts of Cover Crop/Manure Management Systems". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40385.

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Crop production, soil system, water quality, and economic impacts of four corn silage production systems were compared through a field study including 16 plots (4 replications of each treatment). Systems included a rye cover crop and application of liquid dairy manure in the spring and fall. The four management systems were: 1) traditional, 2) double-crop, 3) roll-down, and 4) undercut. In the fourth system, manure was applied below the soil surface during the undercutting process. In all other systems, manure was surface-applied. In the third system, the rye crop was flattened with a heavy roller after manure application. Simulated rainfall was applied within 48 h of manure application. Measured constituent concentrations in runoff were compared with water quality criteria. Costs and returns of all systems were compared. The undercut system reduced loadings of all nutrients, but increased total suspended solids (TSS) concentration as compared with all other systems. The mean volume of runoff from the undercut system was less than half that from any other system, which influenced all constituent loadings. Mean TSS concentration in runoff from the undercut system was over three times the mean of any other system. The roll-down system had no significant effect on water quality as compared to the traditional system. The undercut system was reasonably effective in keeping phosphate phosphorus levels below the criterion set for bathing water. None of the systems generally exceeded nitrate nitrogen concentration criteria. However, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, fecal coliform and e. coli criteria for drinking, bathing, shellfish harvest, and aesthetics were regularly exceeded by all of the systems. There were no differences among the treatments in effects on bacterial concentrations. The double-crop system produced significantly higher net returns than all other systems only if the value of the rye crop was $92.31/Mg or more. There were no significant differences in net returns of the traditional, roll-down, or undercut systems.
Ph. D.

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Abel, David Scott. "Cover crop effects on soil moisture and water quality". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34650.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
Nathan O. Nelson
Eutrophication of freshwater lakes and streams is linked to phosphorus (P) fertilizer loss from agriculture. Cover crops could help mitigate P loss but producers are concerned that they may use too much water. This study was conducted to better understand the effects cover crops have on soil moisture and P loss. Volumetric water content (θ) was measured at the Kansas Cover Crop Water Use research area at 10 depths throughout a 2.74 m soil profile in 5 cover crop treatments and compared to θ measured from a chemical fallow control. Total profile soil moisture in sorghum sudangrass (1.02 m) and forage soybean (1.03 m) did not significantly differ from chemical fallow (1.05 m) at the time of spring planting. However, water deficits were observed in double-crop soybean (1.01 m), crimson clover (0.99 m), and tillage radish (0.99 m). At the Kansas Agricultural Watersheds, runoff was collected and analyzed for total suspended solids, total P, and DRP from 6 cover crop/fertilizer management treatments over two years. In the first water year the cover crop reduced runoff, sediment, and total P loss by 16, 56, and 52% respectively. There was a significant cover by fertilizer interaction for DRP loss. When P fertilizer was broadcasted in the fall with a cover crop, DRP loss was reduced by 60% but was unaffected in the other two P fertilizer treatments. Results were different in the second water year. The cover crop reduced sediment loss (71% reduction), as was seen in year one, but neither the cover crop nor the fertilizer management had a significant effect on runoff volume or total P loss overall. Contrary to the 2014-2015 results, cover crop increased DRP load by 48% in 2015-2016. DRP load was 2 times greater in the fall broadcast treatment than it was in the spring injected treatment but there was not a significant fertilizer by cover crop interaction. In order to determine the long term effects of cover crops and P fertilizer management P loss parameters should be tracked for several more years.

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Collins, Amanda Shea. "Leguminous cover crop fallows for the suppression of weeds". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007018.

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Wang, Guangyao (Sam), e Kurt Noite. "Summer Cover Crop Use in Arizona Vegetable Production Systems". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147024.

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4 pp.
Summer cover crops can add nitrogen to the soil, build up and maintain soil organic matter, suppress pest populations, mitigate soil erosion, and reduce nutrient leaching when they are used in Arizona vegetable systems. However, careful management is required since cover crops can modify the availability of soil nitrogen and other critical nutrients. The ratio between carbon to nitrogen (C:N) in decomposing cover crop biomass is a critical indicator of the overall process of breakdown and eventual release of nutrients. This article introduces five cover crops that could improve vegetable systems in Arizona. The mixtures of a legume and a non-legume cover crop species can also be planted to obtain desired C:N ratios to optimize the benefits of cover crops.

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GABBRIELLI, MARA. "MEASURING AND MODELLING COVER CROP GROWTH AND AGRONOMIC EFFECTS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/949531.

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Cover crops are cultivated during the bare soil period between the harvest of a cash crop and the sowing of the next one. Their cultivation puts into effect the permanent soil organic cover principle of conservation agriculture and exerts several agro-ecological services, among which the most relevant are nitrate leaching reduction, weed growth control, soil organic matter increase, soil structure and water infiltration improvement. In temperate climates when crop rotations include summer cash crops (such as maize or soybean), autumn-winter cover crops are sown between late July and October and terminated from March to April of the following year. When sown in autumn, frost-sensitive cover crops may also be terminated efficiently by frost damage: this termination method is frequently called ‘winterkill’. Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) are two of the most interesting and widespread frost-sensitive cover crops due to their adaptability to various environmental conditions and cropping systems. Even if these species are widely adopted as cover crops, there is a lack of information concerning both crop management and agronomic effects, as well as winterkill termination occurrence frequency and efficiency in temperate climates. Dynamic cropping systems simulation models can be used to determine crop management scenarios convenience for a wide range of weather and soil conditions, while the field trial assessments require large resource investments. However, the application of a simulation model to white mustard and black oat cover crops presents several knowledge gaps, as the limited number of studies focused on winterkilled cover crops growth and agronomic effects carried out in northern Italy. Furthermore, an integrated simulation model dealing both with cover crop growth and winterkill termination, and its consequent effect on the crop-soil system, including cover crop residue degradation on soil surface, is lacking. This work aimed at representing, within the ARMOSA cropping system model framework, frost sensitive cover crop species growth, development, and agronomic effects by enriching the simulation model with two additional modules, dealing respectively with winterkill events and cover crop superficial residue decomposition. The model was calibrated for white mustard and black oat cover crops using experimental data deriving both from a three-year field trial, from a commercial field monitoring campaign and from previous experiments, carried out in the region of interest. During the three-year field trial, white mustard, black oat and their mixture with purple vetch (Vicia benghalensis L.) have demonstrated a good aboveground biomass production potential (2-3 t DM ha-1), particularly when planted before the first half of September. Their nitrogen uptake (45 kg N ha-1 on average, up to 148 kg N ha-1) follows the biomass accumulation patterns, while their weed species control ability has proven to be consistently high. Overall, the improved ARMOSA model correctly simulated these species development (RRMSE equal to 27.3 and 29.5% respectively for black oat and white mustard), as well as soil water content and temperature (RRMSE equal to 8.4% and 19.2%). The employment of the new ARMOSA version to simulate black oat and white mustard cultivation, generally improved significantly both aboveground biomass simulation (RRMSE was decreased by 56.3% in comparison to the use of the original model version), leaf area index (RRMSE reduction of 31.6%) and C:N ratio simulations (RRMSE reduction of 8.8%). The convenience of the new model version employment was assessed in a wide range of sites (six sites of several provinces of Lombardy region in northern Italy), pedological conditions (soil textures from sandy-loam to silty-clay), weather conditions (calibration seasons ranged from 2019/2020 to 2021/2022) and management practices (minimum and no till seed bed preparation, slurry application, early and late sowing dates). To summarize, the new model version was able to successfully capture the main crop-related variables trends over time, as well as to correctly reproduce soil water content and temperature dynamic.

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Davis, Cathryn Joyce. "Cover crops for soil health and forage". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34537.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
DeAnn R. Presley
Cover crops have numerous benefits and while cover crops have been used for centuries, currently there are few producers in Kansas growing them and so there is a need for additional research on how cover crops affect soil properties, and on the potential for utilizing cover crops as forage. Two studies are presented in this thesis. The first study evaluated the use of cover crops in a vegetable production system as compared to a fully tilled control. This study evaluated soil physical properties in the form of wet aggregate stability and infiltration, and microbial properties by soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Over the three year study, the most pronounced differences observed were in the wet aggregate stability between the cover crop and control treatments where the cover crop treatments had better soil aggregation compared to the control. At the conclusion of the study, there was not a difference between fall and spring planted cover crop treatments. The second study evaluates species composition and forage quality of various combinations of multi-species cover crop mixtures. This study evaluated sixteen treatments, each consisting of a three-way mixture of a brassica (turnip or radish), grass (rye, wheat, barley, oat), and a legume (berseem clover or Austrian winter pea). Species composition analysis found that the brassica species dominated the mixtures (60-80% by mass on a dry weight basis) in 2014 while the grass species were dominant (62 – 67%) in 2015. Overall all treatments produced prime quality forage (as compared to hay values), however some treatments cost significantly more to plant than others. Therefore an economic analysis compared the treatments and found that the treatments containing turnips and oats generally provided the best return on investment given that both of these species were among the cheapest to plant and produced moderate to high biomass compared to the other treatments. The results of these projects point to the potential benefits that cover crops can have for producers interested in improving soil or utilizing cover crops for forage.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Cover crop"

H, Latos Tomas, a cura di. Cover crops and crop yields. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Sarrantonio, Marianne. Northeast cover crop handbook. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Institute, 1994.

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Anderson, Wilbur C. Benefits of fall-planted cover crops in the Puget Sound row crop production system. [Pullman, Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 2000.

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Kroeck, Seth. Soil resiliency and health: Crop rotation and cover cropping on the organic farm. Barre, Mass: NOFA Interstate Council, 2004.

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Montigiani, Nicolas. Crop circles: Evidence of a cover-up. New York, NY: Carnot USA Books, 2003.

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Kroeck, Seth. Crop rotation and cover cropping: Soil resiliency and health on the organic farm. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Pub., 2011.

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Eilittä, Marjatta, Joseph Mureithi e Rolf Derpsch, a cura di. Green Manure/Cover Crop Systems of Smallholder Farmers. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2051-1.

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Ingham, Russ. Columbia root-knot nematode control in potato using crop rotations and cover crops. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1999.

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Ingham, Russ. Columbia root-knot nematode control in potato using crop rotations and cover crops. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1999.

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Robert, Sattell, e Oregon State University. Extension Service., a cura di. Cover crop dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in Western Oregon. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1999.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cover crop"

Calegari, A. "Cover Crop Management". In Conservation Agriculture, 191–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1143-2_24.

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Komatsuzaki, Masakazu, Takahiro Ito, Tiejun Zhao e Hajime Araki. "Cover Crop Farming System". In Recycle Based Organic Agriculture in a City, 159–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9872-9_8.

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Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Cover/Green Manure Crops". In Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production, 55–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2702-4_4.

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Anderson, Simon, Sabine Gündel, Barry Pound e Bernard Triomphe. "6. Research strategies for cover crop innovations". In Cover Crops in Smallholder Agriculture, 93–107. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442921.006.

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Anderson, Simon, Sabine Gündel, Barry Pound e Bernard Triomphe. "5. Farmer experimentation and diffusion strategies for cover crop innovations". In Cover Crops in Smallholder Agriculture, 79–92. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442921.005.

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Mkomwa, Saidi, Amir Kassam, Sjoerd W. Duiker e Nouhoun Zampaligre. "Livestock integration in conservation agriculture." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 215–29. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0012.

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Abstract Grazing livestock have been presented as an unsurmountable obstacle for Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Africa, because they consume organic cover. But grazing livestock can also make positive contributions to CA, while, if properly managed, sufficient organic cover can be left for soil erosion control and soil health improvement. Urine and manure improve soil fertility and soil health, and increase the agronomic efficiency of fertilizer nutrients. Grazing livestock increase options for crop diversity, such as crop rotations with perennial forages, increased use of cover crops and tree-crop associations. Further, as crop yields improve through application of sustainable intensification methods, greater amounts of above-ground residue become available for livestock nutrition, while greater quantities of below- and above-ground plant residues can be left to improve soil health than are currently returned to the soil. At the same time, in areas where extensive systems are still common, greater amounts of crop residue can be left for soil function because alternative feed sources are available. More research and education on proper integration of livestock in CA in the African context, and successful models of pastoralist-crop farmer collaboration are needed, so both livestock and soil needs can be met.

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Spaeth, Kenneth E. "Cover Crop Dynamics on Hydrology and Erosion". In Soil Health on the Farm, Ranch, and in the Garden, 137–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40398-0_4.

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Nair, Ajay, e Kathleen Delate. "Composting, Crop Rotation, and Cover Crop Practices in Organic Vegetable Production". In Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, 231–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26803-3_11.

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Smith, Hendrik J., Gerhardus Trytsman e Andre A. Nel. "On-farm experimentation for scaling-out conservation agriculture using an innovation systems approach in the north west province, South Africa." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 416–30. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0026.

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Abstract A project under the Farmer Innovation Programme (FIP) that aimed to adapt Conservation Agriculture (CA) among grain farmers in South Africa was implemented in a commercial farming area of the North West Province. The following on-farm, collaborative-managed trials produced key findings concerning: (i) plant population densities (high versus low) under CA; (ii) conventional crop systems versus CA crop systems; (iii) the testing and screening of cover crops; (iv) green fallow systems for soil restoration; and (v) livestock integration. Key results from these trials were that the yield of maize was significantly higher under high-density no-till (NT) systems compared to the normal NT systems. The yield of maize in local conventional systems was lower than the yield in NT systems tested on three farmer-managed trials. The screening trial assisted in testing and learning the suitability and the different attributes of a range of cover crops in that area. Cover crop mixtures used as a green fallow system with livestock showed that CA can facilitate the successful restoration of degraded soil.

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Carsky, Robert J., Mathias Becker e Stefan Hauser. "Mucuna Cover Crop Fallow Systems: Potential and limitations". In Sustaining Soil Fertility in West Africa, 111–35. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub58.ch6.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Cover crop"

Dawadi, Sujan. "Incidence of red maple tree insect pests in cover crop and non-cover crop production plots". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112028.

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Ugarova, S. V. "Eggplant culture (Solanum melongena L.) in Siberia". In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-39.

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Under Siberian conditions, aubergine (eggplant) is stressed by the difference between region climatic parameter and the thermophilic plant species requirements. Plant selection with reference to the crop botanical species diversity and the full use of worldwide biological characteristic variety and morphological features of plants provides the adaptation of species.

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Cureton, Colin. "Supporting the commercialization, adoption, and scaling of climate-smart winter annual and perennial oilseeds". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lyjl6277.

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The University of Minnesota Forever Green Initiative (FGI ) is an agricultural innovation platform developing viable, profitable perennial and winter annual crops and cropping systems that will provide â€œcontinuous living coverâ€ on the Upper Midwestern agricultural landscape, which can likely improve climate mitigation and adaptation as well as provide other environmental co-benefits relative to conventional summer annual grain systems. Transdisciplinary FGI crop development research teams span genomics, plant breeding, agronomy, natural resource sciences, food science, social sciences, economics, and commercialization. Several of these crops include "cash cover crop" winter oilseeds such as winter camelina and pennycress, and perennial oilseeds such as perennial flax and silphium, which have diverse opportunities in oil markets. While developing the basic and applied science of these crops and cropping systems, FGI is supporting the commercialization, adoption, and scaling of FGI crops in partnership with researchers, growers, industry, policymakers, and communities. For example, early commercial winter camelina production (relay-cropping) and market interest is developing spanning fuel, feed, biopolymers, and food, largely in response to corporate commitments and consumer demand for sustainability, GHG reduction, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and supply chain resilience. Industry has an essential role to play in developing and scaling FGI crops by supporting basic research, contributing in-house expertise and facilities, and creating the market pull needed to move novel continuous living cover crops and cropping systems out onto the landscape and into the market.

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Sawyer, John E., Swetabh Patel, Jose Pantoja, Daniel W. Barker e John P. Lundvall. "Nitrogen dynamics with a rye cover crop". In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-284.

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Monty, J. G., M. Crawford e C. S. T. Daughtry. "Assessing Crop Residue Cover Using Hyperion Data". In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4778988.

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Hartzler, Bob, e Meaghan Anderson. "Cover crops, weeds and herbicides". In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-150.

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Ebel, T. V., e S. I. Mikhailova. "Identification of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L., Brassicaceae) - a species of weeds regulated by importing countries". In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-50.

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Information on the identification of plants and seeds of the field pennycress – a weed regulated by 9 countries-importers of Russian crop production is presented. Tables and identification keys were compiled to determine whether plants and seeds belong to the Brassicaceae family, the Thlaspi genus and the T. arvense species. It was concluded that the identification of seeds of the field pennycress usually presents no difficulties due to the presence of characteristic features of their morphology.

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Ulmasov, Tim. "CoverCress—a novel oilseed winter crop with canola-like composition that helps sequester carbon and prevent soil erosion." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/qmfh4300.

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There is an urgent need for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other detrimental impacts of civilization on the environment. One of the solutions proposed in agriculture are cover crops that are generally grown between regular cropping seasons, providing significant benefits such as enhanced soil health and increased carbon sequestration. The main problem with lack of wide-spread cover crops adoption is in their economics, as most farmers avoid them due to guaranteed costs and uncertain returns from the benefits to the following crop. This results in misplaced economic incentive where the society greatly benefits from increased cover crop use, but most farmers are not prepared to pay for that. To address this dilemma, we developed a novel crop that can be used as a feedstock for bioenergy, as well as for human and animal consumption. The main advantage is that it doesn’t compete for land with established crops, resulting in very low Carbon Intensity (CI) score of the oil and meal. It is based on the domesticated version of weed field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) and can be used to produce oil with attractive properties for renewable diesel, jet fuel or food. CoverCress seeds are also a good source of proteinaceous meal with that can be used for animal feed or plant-based protein for human consumption. Pennycress seeds have high (~32%) oil content with lowest saturated fat content among commercially available plant-based oils (< 4%). The winter annual life cycle of pennycress enables planting in early fall immediately following corn harvest and collecting the grain prior to soybean planting in mid-to-late May. Using a combination of conventional breeding and CRISPR-mediated genome editing we were able to rapidly domesticate wild pennycress into CoverCress, a low CI, canola-like crop that is planned for launch in central Midwest as soon as in fall of 2022.

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Kaspar, Tom, Tim Parkin e Keith Kohler. "Small Grain Cover Crops for Iowa". In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-706.

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Aisha M Sexton, Ali M Sadeghi, Adel Shirmohammadi, Greg McCarty e W Dean Hively. "Modeling Cover Crop Effectiveness on Maryland's Eastern Shore". In 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, 21-24 February 2010, Universidad EARTH, Costa Rica. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29442.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Cover crop"

Nair, Ajay, Brandon H. Carpenter, Jennifer L. Tillman e Dana L. Jokela. Integrating Cover Crops in High Tunnel Crop Production. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2392.

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Johnson, Bill, Travis Legleiter, Martin Chilvers, Shawn Conley, Anne Dorrance, Anna Freije, Andrew Friskop et al. Cover Crop Do’s & Don’t’s. United States: Crop Protection Netework, gennaio 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20190620-033.

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Fawcett, Jim, Josh Sievers e Lyle Rossiter. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1469.

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Fawcett, Jim, Tyler Mitchell, Jim Rogers e Lyle Rossiter. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1581.

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Fawcett, Jim, Josh Sievers, Wayne Roush e Brian Lang. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-554.

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Fawcett, Jim, Josh Sievers, Wayne Roush e Brian Lang. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-781.

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Fawcett, Jim, Andrew Weaver, Tyler Mitchell, Jim Rogers e Cody Schneider. On-Farm Cover Crop Demonstration Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1918.

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