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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Covalent functionalisation"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 25 maggio 2024

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1

Namasivayam, Muthuraman, Mats R. Andersson e Joseph Shapter. "Role of Molecular Weight in Polymer Wrapping and Dispersion of MWNT in a PVDF Matrix". Polymers 11, n. 1 (17 gennaio 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010162.

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The thermal and electrical properties of a polymer nanocomposite are highly dependent on the dispersion of the CNT filler in the polymer matrix. Non-covalent functionalisation with a PVP polymer is an excellent driving force towards an effective dispersion of MWNTs in the polymer matrix. It is shown that the PVP molecular weight plays a key role in the non-covalent functionalisation of MWNT and its effect on the thermal and electrical properties of the polymer nanocomposite is reported herein. The dispersion and crystallisation behaviour of the composite are also evaluated by a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

2

Nicks, Joshua, Jiawen Zhang e Jonathan A. Foster. "Tandem catalysis by ultrathin metal–organic nanosheets formed through post-synthetic functionalisation of a layered framework". Chemical Communications 55, n. 60 (2019): 8788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc02061f.

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3

Clancy, Adam J., Heather Au, Noelia Rubio, Gabriel O. Coulter e Milo S. P. Shaffer. "Understanding and controlling the covalent functionalisation of graphene". Dalton Transactions 49, n. 30 (2020): 10308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01589j.

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Chemical functionalisation is one of the most active areas of graphene research, motivated by both fundamental science and the opportunities to adjust or supplement intrinsic properties. There is increasing interest in understanding and controlling the locus of reaction.

4

Gromov, Andrei, Staffan Dittmer, Johannes Svensson, Oleg A. Nerushev, Sergio Alfonso Perez-García, Liliana Licea-Jiménez, Rodney Rychwalski e Eleanor E. B. Campbell. "Covalent amino-functionalisation of single-wall carbon nanotubes". Journal of Materials Chemistry 15, n. 32 (2005): 3334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b504282h.

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5

Maitra, Urmimala, A. Gomathi e C. N. R. Rao. "Covalent and noncovalent functionalisation and solubilisation of nanodiamond". Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 3, n. 4 (dicembre 2008): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080802574155.

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6

Da Silva Rodrigues, Rafael, David L. Marshall, John C. McMurtrie e Kathleen M. Mullen. "Dynamic covalent synthesis of [2]- and [3]rotaxanes both in solution and on solid supports". New Journal of Chemistry 44, n. 26 (2020): 11231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj02137g.

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Here we demonstrate the application of a dynamic covalent chemistry methodology for the synthesis of [2]- and [3]-rotaxanes not only in solution, but also on solid supports with 65% rotaxane functionalisation of the polymer resins observed.

7

Janaun, Jidon, Ong Carrie, S. M. Anisuzzaman e Duduku Krishnaiah. "Non-Covalent Functionalisation of Amorphous Carbon From D-Glucose as a Novel Catalyst for Renewable Fuels". International Journal of Biomass and Renewables 9, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/ijbrvol9iss2art10104.

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In this paper, a renewable carbon catalyst was developed based on the non-functionalisation method. Three different pyrolysis temperatures at 400°C (SC400), 500°C (SC500) and 600°C (SC600) were used to prepare amorphous carbon. The non-covalent functionalisation was carried out by 1-pyrenesulfonic acid (1-PSA) in organic solvents such as ethanol, heptane and dimethylformamide (DMF), and characterised by total acidity, TGA, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, particle size, BET Porosity, and XRD. The total acidity was found to be 1.58 mmol/g for catalyst SC400. The functional groups –COOH, –OH, –SO3H and π-π stacking were detected. The amorphous carbon was stable until 500°C. The sulphur content was found to be 0.013mmol/g for SC400. This research approach focused on the direct interaction of carbonaceous support with pyrene moieties and terminal groups (–SO3H) acting as catalytic acid sites that open a new way to be explored for performing liquid-phase heterogeneous acid-catalysed reactions.Keywords: Non-covalent functionalization, Amorphous carbon, sulfonation, surface morphology, D-Glucose carbon

8

Harismah, Kun, Mahmoud Mirzaei, Nahid Ghasemi e Mohammad Nejati. "Non-Covalent Functionalisation of C30 Fullerene by Pyrrole-n-Carboxylic Acid (n=2, 3): Density Functional Theory Studies". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 73, n. 1 (20 dicembre 2017): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2017-0233.

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AbstractFor functionalisation of a representative C30 fullerene nanostructure by pyrrole-n-carboxylic acid (PnCA; n=2, 3) their stabilities and properties were investigated based on density functional theory calculations. Parallel calculations were also done for C60 fullerene as evidence for comparing the results. Non-covalent interactions are considered to make the functionalised structures. In contrast with the spherical shape of C60, the shape of C30 fullerene is elliptical; therefore, the functionalisation processes were done for both axial and equatorial elliptical positions (AC30 and EC30). The results indicated that both the positions of C30 have almost equivalent chances to be functionalised by PnCA; but functionalisation by P2CA is slightly more favourable than P3CA, either for C60. The illustrated molecular orbitals’ distributions indicated that the direction of charge transfer could be considered from PnCA counterparts to fullerene counterparts. The molecular properties indicated more reactivity for C30 than for C60 fullerene. Finally, the atomic scale quadrupole coupling constants indicated different roles for N and O atoms of PnCA in the functionalised models.

9

Kim, HyunJeong, WungYeon Kim, Maria O'Brien, Niall McEvoy, Chanyoung Yim, Mario Marcia, Frank Hauke, Andreas Hirsch, Gyu-Tae Kim e Georg S. Duesberg. "Optimized single-layer MoS2 field-effect transistors by non-covalent functionalisation". Nanoscale 10, n. 37 (2018): 17557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr02134a.

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10

Clavé, Guillaume, e Stéphane Campidelli. "Efficient covalent functionalisation of carbon nanotubes: the use of “click chemistry”". Chemical Science 2, n. 10 (2011): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sc00342a.

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11

McConville, M., D. F. Bradley, K. Zhou, D. J. Schiffrin e I. A. O'Neil. "Selective trioxolane based bifunctional molecular linkers for covalent heme surface functionalisation". Chem. Commun. 50, n. 2 (2014): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc46041j.

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12

Wang, Yufei, Xueliang Hou, Chi Cheng, Ling Qiu, Xuehua Zhang, George P. Simon e Dan Li. "Optical Characterisation of Non-Covalent Interactions between Non-Conjugated Polymers and Chemically Converted Graphene". Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, n. 1 (2014): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13243.

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Optical characterisation using dye molecules as probes was used to study the non-covalent interactions between chemically converted graphene (CCG) and non-conjugated, water soluble polymers in aqueous solution. The strong adsorption of non-conjugated polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on CCG is observed by fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, and this leads to desorption of π-conjugated molecules from CCG. Such adsorption/desorption behaviour can be tailored by modifying the molecular weight of polymers and the chemistry of graphene. This finding provides a facile and non-covalent approach to the functionalisation of CCG and opens up new opportunities for the fabrication of graphene/polymer nanocomposites.

13

Wasem Klein, Felipe, Jean-Philippe Lamps, Mohamed Raoui, Matthieu Paillet, Jean-Louis Sauvajol, Philippe J. Mésini e Pierre Petit. "Design and synthesis of aniline-appended P3HT for single step covalent functionalisation of carbon nanotubes". Polymer Chemistry 11, n. 39 (2020): 6319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01147a.

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14

Saini, D. "Covalent functionalisation of graphene: novel approach to change electronic structure of graphene". Materials Research Innovations 19, n. 4 (2 dicembre 2014): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1433075x14y.0000000263.

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15

Tronci, Giuseppe, Amanda Doyle, Stephen J. Russell e David J. Wood. "Triple-helical collagen hydrogels via covalent aromatic functionalisation with 1,3-phenylenediacetic acid". Journal of Materials Chemistry B 1, n. 40 (2013): 5478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb20218f.

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16

Alcón, I., e S. T. Bromley. "Triarylmethyl-based 2D covalent networks: virtual screening of chemical functionalisation for optimising strain-induced property control". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, n. 7 (2018): 5028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp08076j.

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17

Linnenberg, Oliver, Aleksandar Kondinski, Cornelia Stöcker e Kirill Yu Monakhov. "The Cu(i)-catalysed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition route to (bio-)organic functionalisation of polyoxovanadates". Dalton Transactions 46, n. 45 (2017): 15636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt03376a.

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We elaborated a synthetic protocol that provides convenient access to a “click”-directed covalent conjugation between ⁵¹V-NMR detectable, redox-active polyoxo(alkoxo)vanadate and (bio-)organoazides. The compounds can potentially be used in bioelectronics, biocatalysis and biosensorics.

18

Nurazzi, N. M., N. Abdullah, S. Z. N. Demon, N. A. Halim e I. S. Mohamad. "The Influence of Reaction Time on Non-Covalent Functionalisation of P3HT/MWCNT Nanocomposites". Polymers 13, n. 12 (9 giugno 2021): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121916.

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Non-covalent functionalisation of the carbon nanotube (CNT) sidewall through polymer wrapping is the key strategy for improving well-dispersed CNTs without persistent alteration of their electronic properties. In this work, the effect of reaction time on regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)-wrapped hydroxylated multi-walled CNT (MWCNT-OH) nanocomposites was investigated. Five different reaction times (24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h) were conducted at room temperature in order to clearly determine the factors that influenced the quality of wrapped MWCNT-OH. Morphological analysis using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) analysis showed that P3HT successfully wrapped the MWCNT-OH sidewall, evidenced by the changes in the mean diameter size of the nanocomposites. Results obtained from Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) as well as Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed a significant effect of the wrapped polymer on the CNT sidewall as the reaction time increased. Overall, the method used during the preparation of P3HT-wrapped MWCNT-OH and the presented results significantly provided a bottom-up approach to determine the effect of different reaction times on polymer wrapping to further expand this material for novel applications, especially chemical sensors.

19

Krysiński, Paweł, Krystyna Jackowska, Maciej Mazur e Magdalena Tagowska. "Functionalisation of monolayer-modified electrodes by covalent coupling of o-phenylenediamine monomer molecules". Electrochimica Acta 46, n. 2-3 (novembre 2000): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4686(00)00577-6.

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20

Mohan, Hugh, Valeria Bincoletto, Silvia Arpicco e Silvia Giordani. "Supramolecular Functionalisation of B/N Co-Doped Carbon Nano-Onions for Novel Nanocarrier Systems". Materials 15, n. 17 (30 agosto 2022): 5987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175987.

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Boron/nitrogen co-doped carbon nano-onions (BN-CNOs) are spherical nanoparticles that consist of multiple inter-nestled fullerene layers, giving them an onion-like internal structure. They have potential as nanocarriers due to their small size, aqueous dispersibility, and biocompatibility. The non-covalent attachment of a biocompatible polymer to BN-CNOs is a simple and effective method of creating a scaffold for a novel nanocarrier system as it allows for increased aqueous dispersibility whilst preventing the immune system from recognising the particle as a foreign object. The non-covalent approach also preserves the electronic and structural properties of the BN-CNOs. In this study, we attached a hyaluronic acid-phospholipid (HA-DMPE) conjugate polymer to the BN-CNO’s surface to improve its hydrophilicity and provide targetability toward HA-receptor overexpressing cancer cells. To this end, various ratios of HA-DMPE to BN-CNOs were investigated. The resulting supramolecular systems were characterised via UV-Vis absorption and FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential techniques. It was found that the HA-DMPE conjugate polymer was permanently wrapped around the BN-CNO nanoparticle surface. Moreover, the resulting BN-CNO/HA-DMPE supramolecular systems displayed enhanced aqueous solubility compared to unfunctionalised BN-CNOs, with excellent long-term stability observed in aqueous dispersions.

21

Carraro, Giovanni, Letizia Savio e Luca Vattuone. "Influence of Defects and Heteroatoms on the Chemical Properties of Supported Graphene Layers". Coatings 12, n. 3 (17 marzo 2022): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12030397.

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A large and growing number of theoretical papers report the possible role of defects and heteroatoms on the chemical properties of single-layer graphene. Indeed, they are expected to modify the electronic structure of the graphene film, allow for chemisorption of different species, and enable more effective functionalisation. Therefore, from theoretical studies, we get the suggestion that single and double vacancies, Stone–Wales defects and heteroatoms are suitable candidates to turn nearly chemically inert graphene into an active player in chemistry, catalysis, and sensoristics. Despite these encouraging premises, experimental proofs of an enhanced reactivity of defected/doped graphene are limited because experimental studies addressing adsorption on well-defined defects and heteroatoms in graphene layers are much less abundant than theoretical ones. In this paper, we review the state of the art of experimental findings on adsorption on graphene defects and heteroatoms, covering different topics such as the role of vacancies on adsorption of oxygen and carbon monoxide, the effect of the presence of N heteroatoms on adsorption and intercalation underneath graphene monolayers, and the role of defects in covalent functionalisation and defect-induced gas adsorption on graphene transistors.

22

Avila, Antonio F., Viviane C. Munhoz, Nathalia C. Menezes, Camila F. Da Silva e Suchilla G. Leiao. "Non-covalent functionalisation of carbon-based nanostructures and its application to carbon/epoxy composites". International Journal of Nanotechnology 13, n. 8/9 (2016): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2016.079658.

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23

De Filpo, Giovanni, Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta, Luca Ciliberti, Patrizia Formoso e Giuseppe Chidichimo. "Non-covalent functionalisation of single wall carbon nanotubes for efficient dye-sensitised solar cells". Journal of Power Sources 274 (gennaio 2015): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.053.

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24

Wang, Yu, Chunhui Yang, Yiu-Wing Mai e Yingyan Zhang. "Effect of non-covalent functionalisation on thermal and mechanical properties of graphene-polymer nanocomposites". Carbon 102 (giugno 2016): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.02.069.

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25

Fujimoto, Takahiro, Nao Furuta e Tadashi Mizutani. "Kinetics of reactions at an interface: functionalisation of silicate glass with porphyrins via covalent bonds". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, n. 11 (2015): 3371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob02053g.

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26

André, Claire, Gwenaelle Lenancker e Yves Claude Guillaume. "Non-covalent functionalisation of monolithic silica for the development of carbon nanotube HPLC stationary phases". Talanta 99 (settembre 2012): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.038.

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27

Bin Ateeq, Mashael K., Nouf M. Bin Durayhim, Meral M. Sulayem, Waad A. Al-Qahtani, Nezar H. Khdary, Ahmed M. Alhassan, Fatimah Mohammed A. Alzahrani, Khadijah Mohammedsaleh M. Katubi e Norah Salem Alsaiari. "A Functionalised Carbon Fiber for Flexible Extraction and Determination of Hg(II) Using Au(NP)-Thiol-CF Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry". Water 13, n. 13 (30 giugno 2021): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131829.

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This work illustrates the improvement in ultra-trace Hg(II) determination in water based on a novel flexible extraction and preconcentration technique (FEPT). This method focuses on the covalent functionalisation of carbon fibre (CF) based on (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane. The functionalisation of CF is carried out in two steps: functionalising the surface of CF using acid treatment to obtain hydroxy and carboxyl groups on the surface, followed by a condensation reaction between the carboxyl or hydroxy groups on the carbon (CF-OH) and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane to form mercapto-CF (CF-SH). FTIR, EDX, SEM, XRD and UV-Vis were utilised to confirm the modification. ICP-MS is utilised to determine the Hg(II) and to assess the influence of the memory effect on the results using Au3+ solution and suspended Au nanoparticles (Au-NPs). The result shows that the Au-NPs improve Hg(II) detection and eliminate the memory effect. This study also includes appropriate parameters for contact time, eluent solution, pH, and the foreign metal and ions preconcentration factor. As a result, thiol-CF shows high Hg(II) uptake, flexibility, and stability during the analysis process, with a recovery of 98.96% ± 0.41% for 10 preconcentration factors. These features make FEPT a valuable method for extracting pollutants and overcoming the problems associated with the analysis of such samples.

28

Liu, Jie, Olivier Bibari, Pascal Mailley, Jean Dijon, Emmanuelle Rouvière, Fabien Sauter-Starace, Patrice Caillat, Françoise Vinet e Gilles Marchand. "Stable non-covalent functionalisation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by pyrene–polyethylene glycol through π–π stacking". New J. Chem. 33, n. 5 (2009): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b813085j.

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Brooker, Charles, e Giuseppe Tronci. "Effect of Mammalian Tissue Source on the Molecular and Macroscopic Characteristics of UV-Cured Type I Collagen Hydrogel Networks". Prosthesis 4, n. 1 (21 gennaio 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4010001.

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The tissue source of type I collagen is critical to ensure scalability and regulation-friendly clinical translation of new medical device prototypes. However, the selection of a commercial source of collagen that fulfils both aforementioned requirements and is compliant with new manufacturing routes is challenging. This study investigates the effect that type I collagen extracted from three different mammalian tissues has on the molecular and macroscopic characteristics of a new UV-cured collagen hydrogel. Pepsin-solubilised bovine atelocollagen (BA) and pepsin-solubilised porcine atelocollagen (PA) were selected as commercially available raw materials associated with varying safety risks and compared with in-house acid-extracted type I collagen from rat tails (CRT). All raw materials displayed the typical dichroic and electrophoretic characteristics of type I collagen, while significantly decreased lysine content was measured on samples of PA. Following covalent functionalisation with 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (4VBC), BA and CRT products generated comparable UV-cured hydrogels with significantly increased averaged gel content (G ≥ 97 wt.%), while the porcine variants revealed the highest swelling ratio (SR = 2224 ± 242 wt.%) and an order of magnitude reduction in compression modulus (Ec = 6 ± 2 kPa). Collectively, these results support the use of bovine tissues as a chemically viable source of type I collagen for the realisation of UV-cured hydrogels with competitive mechanical properties and covalent network architectures.

30

Phan, Thanh Hai, Canh Dinh Le, Nhat Hieu Hoang, Thi Xuan Huynh Nguyen, Thi Mien Trung Huynh, Thi Ngoc Loan Le e Nam Trung tran. "Study on the fabrication of diazonium molecular monolayer material on graphite substrate viaelectrochemical grafting approach". Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64, n. 11 (25 novembre 2022): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.64(11).44-47.

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Surface denaturation of carbon surfaces with molecular monolayer is appointed as one of the most effective bottom-up techniques to enlarge the applicability of the carbon-based electrodes in the electrochemical sensor field. Diazonium molecules have been often employed to denature the surface of materials such as graphite and graphene through the formation of C-C chemical bonds between them. However, the layered formation of these molecules is not well controlled yet due to their intrinsic high reactivity. This report demonstrated a practical approach for covalent functionalisation of the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface, a model system of multilayered graphene, by using 3,5-bis-tert-butylbenzenediazonium molecules. Due to the substituents at the 3,5 positions the aryl radicals prefer bonding directly to the HOPG surface than attacking the grafted aryls towards the monolayered formation. The efficiency of this approach was determined by the combined cyclic voltammetry, atomic force microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy.

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Carbonell-Blasco, María Pilar, María Alejandra Moyano, Carlota Hernández-Fernández, Francisco J. Sierra-Molero, Isidro M. Pastor, Diego A. Alonso, Francisca Arán-Aís e Elena Orgilés-Calpena. "Polyurethane Adhesives with Chemically Debondable Properties via Diels–Alder Bonds". Polymers 16, n. 1 (20 dicembre 2023): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16010021.

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Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) represent a pioneering advance in polymer science, offering unprecedented versatility in materials design. Unlike conventional adhesives with irreversible bonds, CAN-based polyurethane adhesives have the unique ability to undergo chemical restructuring through reversible bonds. One of the strategies for incorporating these types of reactions in polyurethanes is by functionalisation with Diels–Alder (DA) adducts. By taking advantage of the reversible nature of the DA chemistry, the adhesive undergoes controlled crosslinking and decrosslinking processes, allowing for precise modulation of bond strength. This adaptability is critical in applications requiring reworkability or recyclability, as it allows for easy disassembly and reassembly of bonded components without compromising the integrity of the material. This study focuses on the sustainable synthesis and characterisation of a solvent-based polyurethane adhesive, obtained by functionalising a polyurethane prepolymer with DA diene and dienophiles. The characterisation of the adhesives was carried out using different experimental techniques: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Brookfield viscosity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and T-peel strength testing of leather/adhesive/rubber joints to determine the adhesive properties, both before and after the application of external stimuli. The conversion of both the DA and retro-Diels–Alder (r-DA) reactions was confirmed by 1H-NMR. The adhesive properties were not altered by the functionalisation of the adhesive prepolymer, showing similar thermal resistance and good rheological and adhesive properties, even exceeding the most demanding technical requirements for upper-to-sole joints in footwear. After the application of an external thermal stimuli, the bonded materials separated without difficulty and without damage, thus facilitating their separation, recovery and recycling.

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Khazaei, Ardeshir, Shahnaz Saednia, Maryam Kiani Borazjani, Javad Saien, Masoumeh Kiani e Abbas Afkhami. "A novel covalent functionalisation of poly (styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) with 4-amino benzo-9-crown-3 ether". Supramolecular Chemistry 26, n. 2 (25 agosto 2013): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10610278.2013.826804.

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Manolakis, Ioannis, e Usaid Azhar. "Recent Advances in Mussel-Inspired Synthetic Polymers as Marine Antifouling Coatings". Coatings 10, n. 7 (7 luglio 2020): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070653.

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Synthetic oligomers and polymers inspired by the multifunctional tethering system (byssus) of the common mussel (genus Mytilus) have emerged since the 1980s as a very active research domain within the wider bioinspired and biomimetic materials arena. The unique combination of strong underwater adhesion, robust mechanical properties and self-healing capacity has been linked to a large extent to the presence of the unusual α-amino acid derivative l-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) as a building block of the mussel byssus proteins. This paper provides a short overview of marine biofouling, discussing the different marine biofouling species and natural defenses against these, as well as biomimicry as a concept investigated in the marine antifouling context. A detailed discussion of the literature on the Mytilus mussel family follows, covering elements of their biology, biochemistry and the specific measures adopted by these mussels to utilise their l-DOPA-rich protein sequences (and specifically the ortho-bisphenol (catechol) moiety) in their benefit. A comprehensive account is then given of the key catechol chemistries (covalent and non-covalent/intermolecular) relevant to adhesion, cohesion and self-healing, as well as of some of the most characteristic mussel protein synthetic mimics reported over the past 30 years and the related polymer functionalisation strategies with l-DOPA/catechol. Lastly, we review some of the most recent advances in such mussel-inspired synthetic oligomers and polymers, claimed as specifically aimed or intended for use in marine antifouling coatings and/or tested against marine biofouling species.

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McNamara, Jonathan P., Raman Sharma, Mark A. Vincent, Ian H. Hillier e Claudio A. Morgado. "The non-covalent functionalisation of carbon nanotubes studied by density functional and semi-empirical molecular orbital methods including dispersion corrections". Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10, n. 1 (2008): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b711498b.

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Reich, Stephanie, Antonio Setaro, Alphonse Fiebor e Mohsen Adeli. "(Invited) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Charge Management by Controlled Functionalization". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n. 10 (28 agosto 2023): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01101208mtgabs.

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Managing the density of charges in carbon nanotubes opens new ways to tune their optical response, their transport properties, and their physico-chemical features. Charge transfer from molecules adsorbed onto the sidewall or filled within the hollow cavity of the nanotubes has already been demonstrated, yet a fine-tunable control of the surface coverage/filling fraction (and thus the amount of transferred charge) remains challenging to achieve. Alternatively, we developed an optically non-perturbing covalent functionalisation technique based on the inclusion of a triazine derivative into the carbon network. The nitrogen atom sustaining the attached group becomes an integrated part of the π-conjugated network and contributes with its lone electron pair to uplifting the position of the Fermi level of the tube. Since the density of attached groups can be varied by adapting the synthetic conditions, this technique offers the advantage of controlling the amount of charge injected into the tubes. Here we focus on a novel class of charge-transfer agents that either donate or withdraw electrons depending on the arrangements of their building units and how they affect the tubes features.

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Sreeramareddygari, Muralikrishna, Mithran Somasundrum e Werasak Surareungchai. "In situ polymerization and covalent functionalisation of trithiocyanuric acid by MoS2 nanosheets resulting in a novel nanozyme with enhanced peroxidase activity". New Journal of Chemistry 44, n. 15 (2020): 5809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj04527a.

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Savoca, Maria, Elisa Tonoli, Adeola Atobatele e Elisabetta Verderio. "Biocatalysis by Transglutaminases: A Review of Biotechnological Applications". Micromachines 9, n. 11 (31 ottobre 2018): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9110562.

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The biocatalytic activity of transglutaminases (TGs) leads to the synthesis of new covalent isopeptide bonds (crosslinks) between peptide-bound glutamine and lysine residues, but also the transamidation of primary amines to glutamine residues, which ultimately can result into protein polymerisation. Operating with a cysteine/histidine/aspartic acid (Cys/His/Asp) catalytic triad, TGs induce the post-translational modification of proteins at both physiological and pathological conditions (e.g., accumulation of matrices in tissue fibrosis). Because of the disparate biotechnological applications, this large family of protein-remodelling enzymes have stimulated an escalation of interest. In the past 50 years, both mammalian and microbial TGs polymerising activity has been exploited in the food industry for the improvement of aliments’ quality, texture, and nutritive value, other than to enhance the food appearance and increased marketability. At the same time, the ability of TGs to crosslink extracellular matrix proteins, like collagen, as well as synthetic biopolymers, has led to multiple applications in biomedicine, such as the production of biocompatible scaffolds and hydrogels for tissue engineering and drug delivery, or DNA-protein bio-conjugation and antibody functionalisation. Here, we summarise the most recent advances in the field, focusing on the utilisation of TGs-mediated protein multimerisation in biotechnological and bioengineering applications.

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Mukherjee, Ahana, Munesh Kumari e Ranjita Ghosh Moulick. "Post-synthesis treatment of graphene oxide/silica particles nanocomposite with piranha acid for functionalization". Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 12, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2021): 045009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ac4168.

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Abstract The discovery of 2D materials has led researchers to a broad material platform. Their excellent physical, chemical and electrical properties along with the layered structure have found applications in various fields. However, these materials also have limitations and functionalisation is one of the mechanisms that improves their properties. In our previous work, we observed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) after covalent attachment of protein to the graphene nanocomposite where piranha acid was used to generate the functional groups. The current work describes the synthesis and characterisation of a graphene oxide-silica particle nanocomposite after piranha acid treatment at different time intervals. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were performed to indicate structural changes which facilitated the protein attachment. The SEM and TEM results indicated that the sample which was piranha acid activated for 3 min displayed better arrangement of silica particles on the graphene sheets with exposition of the highest net surface area in the graphene sheet, compared to the other samples and determined to be the best functionalised nanocomposite for further applications. Morphological instability of the graphene sheets and clustering of silica particles were observed in the samples treated for more than 3 min. Interestingly, the same degree of graphitisation was observed in all the samples when I D /I G ratios {(≤0.99) ≠ 0} were determined by Raman spectroscopy.

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R. Waugh, Mathew, e Ivan P. Parkin. "Enhanced Solubility and Covalent Functionalisation of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes via Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Reflux and the Subsequent Spray Coating of Transparent Conducting Thin Films". Current Nanoscience 6, n. 3 (1 giugno 2010): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341310791171117.

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Morant-Giner, Marc, José M. Carbonell-Vilar, Marta Viciano-Chumillas, Alicia Forment-Aliaga, Joan Cano e Eugenio Coronado. "Functionalisation of MoS2 2D layers with diarylethene molecules". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, n. 33 (2021): 10975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01133b.

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Yang, Lei, e Junpo He. "Organic functionalisation of graphene catalysed by ferric perchlorate". Chem. Commun. 50, n. 99 (2014): 15722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07647h.

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Salazar Marcano, David E., Mhamad Aly Moussawi, Alexander V. Anyushin, Sarah Lentink, Luc Van Meervelt, Ivana Ivanović-Burmazović e Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt. "Versatile post-functionalisation strategy for the formation of modular organic–inorganic polyoxometalate hybrids". Chemical Science 13, n. 10 (2022): 2891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc06326j.

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A versatile modular approach has been developed for incorporating different metal-oxo nanoclusters with characteristic structures into a single hybrid molecule by covalently linking them with polyol ligands.

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Cesarino, Ivana, Éder T. G. Cavalheiro, Glimaldo Marino e Jivaldo R. Matos. "Functionalisation and Characterization of SBA-15 Nanostructured Silica Modified with 2-Benzothiazolethiol". Materials Science Forum 587-588 (giugno 2008): 458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.458.

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Mesoporous silica can be modified and functionalised by immobilisation of organic substances covalently bonded to the silanol groups on the silica surface. This paper describes the modification of a SBA-15 nanostructured silica with 2-benzothiazolethiol. After derivatization the modified silica was chacacterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG and DSC), NMR in solid phase and scanning electron microscopy.

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Costa, Pedro M., David A. Learmonth, David B. Gomes, Mafalda P. Cautela, Ana C. N. Oliveira, Renato Andrade, João Espregueira-Mendes, Tiago R. Veloso, Cristiana B. Cunha e Rui A. Sousa. "Mussel-Inspired Catechol Functionalisation as a Strategy to Enhance Biomaterial Adhesion: A Systematic Review". Polymers 13, n. 19 (28 settembre 2021): 3317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193317.

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Biomaterials have long been explored in regenerative medicine strategies for the repair or replacement of damaged organs and tissues, due to their biocompatibility, versatile physicochemical properties and tuneable mechanical cues capable of matching those of native tissues. However, poor adhesion under wet conditions (such as those found in tissues) has thus far limited their wider application. Indeed, despite its favourable physicochemical properties, facile gelation and biocompatibility, gellan gum (GG)-based hydrogels lack the tissue adhesiveness required for effective clinical use. Aiming at assessing whether substitution of GG by dopamine (DA) could be a suitable approach to overcome this problem, database searches were conducted on PubMed® and Embase® up to 2 March 2021, for studies using biomaterials covalently modified with a catechol-containing substituent conferring improved adhesion properties. In this regard, a total of 47 reports (out of 700 manuscripts, ~6.7%) were found to comply with the search/selection criteria, the majority of which (34/47, ~72%) were describing the modification of natural polymers, such as chitosan (11/47, ~23%) and hyaluronic acid (6/47, ~13%); conjugation of dopamine (as catechol “donor”) via carbodiimide coupling chemistry was also predominant. Importantly, modification with DA did not impact the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of the biomaterials and resulting hydrogels. Overall, there is ample evidence in the literature that the bioinspired substitution of polymers of natural and synthetic origin by DA or other catechol moieties greatly improves adhesion to biological tissues (and other inorganic surfaces).

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Seta, Martyna, Katarzyna Haraźna, Kaja Kasarełło, Daria Solarz-Keller, Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska, Tomasz Witko, Zenon Rajfur e Maciej Guzik. "The Influence of Novel, Biocompatible, and Bioresorbable Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) Dressings on Wound Healing in Mice". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n. 24 (18 dicembre 2022): 16159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232416159.

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The human body’s natural protective barrier, the skin, is exposed daily to minor or major mechanical trauma, which can compromise its integrity. Therefore, the search for new dressing materials that can offer new functionalisation is fully justified. In this work, the development of two new types of dressings based on poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (P(3HO)) is presented. One of the groups was supplemented with conjugates of an anti-inflammatory substance (diclofenac) that was covalently linked to oligomers of hydroxycarboxylic acids (Oli-dicP(3HO)). The novel dressings were prepared using the solvent casting/particulate leaching technique. To our knowledge, this is the first paper in which P(3HO)-based dressings were used in mice wound treatment. The results of our research confirm that dressings based on P(3HO) are safe, do not induce an inflammatory response, reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, provide adequate wound moisture, support angiogenesis, and, thanks to their hydrophobic characteristics, provide an ideal protective barrier. Newly designed dressings containing Oli-dicP(3HO) can promote tissue regeneration by partially reducing the inflammation at the injury site. To conclude, the presented materials might be potential candidates as excellent dressings for wound treatment.

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Makaudi, Rebaone, Hugues Kamdem Paumo, Boniface Kamdem Pone e Lebogang Katata-Seru. "In Situ Stabilisation of Silver Nanoparticles at Chitosan-Functionalised Graphene Oxide for Reduction of 2,4-Dinitrophenol in Water". Polymers 13, n. 21 (3 novembre 2021): 3800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213800.

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This investigation reports the in situ growth of silver nanoparticles onto covalently bonded graphene oxide-chitosan, which serve as supported nanocatalysts for the NaBH4 reduction of 2,4-dinitrophenol in aqueous systems. Fumaryl chloride reacted with chitosan in an acidic environment to yield a tailored polymeric material. The latter was, in turn, treated with the pre-synthesised graphene oxide sheets under acidic conditions to generate the GO-functionalised membrane (GO-FL-CS). The adsorption of Ag+ from aqueous media by GO-FL-CS yielded a set of membranes that were decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs@GO-FL-CS) without any reducing agent. Various analytical tools were used to characterise these composites, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The silver-loaded materials were further used for the remediation of 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions under batch operation. The BET analysis revealed that the functionalisation of GO with chitosan and Ag NPs (average size 20–60 nm) resulted in a three-fold increased surface area. The optimised catalyst (Ag mass loading 16.95%) displayed remarkable activity with an apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant of 13.5 × 10−3 min−1. The cyclic voltammetry experiment was conducted to determine the nitro-conversion pathway. The reusability/stability test showed no significant reduction efficiency of this metal-laden composite over six cycles. Findings from the study revealed that Ag NPs@GO-FL-CS could be employed as a low-cost and recyclable catalyst to convert toxic nitroaromatics in wastewater.

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Lucío, María Isabel, Francesco Giacalone, Valeria La Parola, Sergio Gámez-Valenzuela, Fernando Muñoz-Alba, M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado, M. Antonia Herrero e Ester Vázquez. "A Prato Tour on Carbon Nanotubes: Raman Insights". Chemistry – A European Journal, 3 ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202302476.

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The functionalisation of carbon nanotubes has been instrumental in broadening its application field, allowing especially its use in biological studies. Although numerous covalent and non‐covalent functionalisation methods have been described, the characterisation of the final materials has always been an added challenge. Among the various techniques available, Raman spectroscopy is one of the most widely used to determine the covalent functionalisation of these species. However, Raman spectroscopy is not a quantitative technique, and no studies are reported comparing its performance when the same number of functional groups are added but using completely different reactions. In this work, we have experimentally and theoretically studied the functionalisation of carbon nanotubes using two of the most commonly used reactions: 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethylene ylides and diazonium‐based radical addition. The number of groups introduced onto the tubes by these reactions has been determined by different characterisation techniques. The results of this study support the idea that data obtained by Raman spectra are only helpful for comparing functionalisations produced using the same type of reaction. However, they should be carefully analysed when comparing functionalisations produced using different reaction types.

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"Covalent Functionalisation of Nanostructured Carbon". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2007-01/24/1009.

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Ferruti, Federica, Ievgen Pylypchuk, Luca Zoia, Heiko Lange, Marco Orlandi, Adrian Moreno e Mika H. Sipponen. "Recombinatorial approach for the formation of surface-functionalised alkaline-stable lignin nanoparticles and adhesives". Green Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2gc03406a.

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Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are considered as intriguing green, renewable alternative to fossil-based nanomaterials. However, the predisposition of LNPs to dissolve under alkaline conditions has impeded covalent surface functionalisation in the...

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Dolle, Christian, Peter Schweizer, Daniela Dasler, Sebastian Gsänger, Robert Maidl, Gonzalo Abellán, Frank Hauke, Bernd Meyer, Andreas Hirsch e Erdmann Spiecker. "Atomically resolved TEM imaging of covalently functionalised graphene". npj 2D Materials and Applications 6, n. 1 (28 aprile 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41699-022-00304-w.

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AbstractCovalent functionalisation can be a powerful lever to tune the properties and processability of graphene. After overcoming the low chemical reactivity of graphene, covalent functionalisation led to the generation of new hybrid materials, applicable in a broad variation of fields. Although the process of functionalising graphene is nowadays firmly established, fundamental aspects of the produced hybrid materials remain to be clarified. Especially the atomically resolved imaging is only scarcely explored. Here we show aberration corrected in situ high resolution TEM imaging of dodecyl functionalised monolayer graphene at atomic resolution after an effective mechanical filtering approach. The mechanical filtering allows to separate adsorbed contamination from the covalently bound functional molecules and thus opens the possibility for the observation of this hybrid material. The obtained data is validated by DFT calculations and by a novel image simulation approach based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at room temperature.