Tesi sul tema "Courbes flexibles"

Plusieurs invariants sont associés à la classe de déformation d'une courbe algébrique réelle lisse à dans une surface algébrique réelle x : son schéma réel, dont l'étude systématique a été proposée par D. Hilbert dans son 16ème problème dans le cas ou x = cp 2, sa classe d'isotopie équivariante dans x, ou encore lorsque la courbe est séparante, son schéma complexe ainsi que les classes d'homologie dans h 2(x,rx;z) réalisées par les composantes de a ra. La première partie de cette thèse établit un lien entre ces deux derniers invariants, en introduisant une forme définie sur h 2(x ; z/lz) a valeurs dans z/2lz lorsque l est un entier pair (v. Les théorèmes 4. 4 et 5. 3). Dans les cas du plan projectif, des surfaces réglées réelles et des surfaces de del pezzo réelles maximales, il découle de ce lien des formules d'orientations complexes explicites qui unifient et généralisent des résultats antérieurs de v. I. Arnol'd, v. A. Rokhlin et G. Mikhalkin. La deuxième partie présente une nouvelle démarche permettant d'étendre une formule d'orientation complexes de S. Yu. Orevkov pour les courbes planes aux courbes a nids profonds sur les surfaces réglées, et d'obtenir des majorations portant sur la nature de ces nids. Enfin, la troisième partie répond, dans le cas des surfaces réglées de base cp 1, à une question de v. A. Rokhlin : la classe d'isotopie équivariante ne suffit pas pour distinguer les composantes de l'espace des modules des courbes algébriques réelles de x. De plus, on montre l'existence dans ces surfaces de schémas réels réalisés par des courbes flexibles réelles mais pas par des courbes algébriques réelles, ce qui montre l'insuffisance des méthodes topologiques utilisées à ce jour.

La première partie du seizième problème de Hilbert traite de la topologie des courbes algébriques réelles régulières dans le plan projectif. Il est bien connu que bon nombre des propriétés topologiques satisfaites par de telles courbes sont également vraies pour la classe plus large des courbes flexibles, introduites par O. Viro en 1984. Le but de cette thèse est d'approfondir les origines topologiques des restrictions sur les courbes réelles, en lien avec le seizième problème de Hilbert. Nous ajoutons une condition naturelle à la définition de courbe flexible, à savoir qu'elles doivent intersecter une conique réelle vide Q comme une courbe algébrique, c'est-à-dire en des points positifs uniquement. Nous voyons CP(2) comme un cylindre sur un espace lenticulaire L(4,1)×R, que l'on compactifie en ajoutant RP(2) et Q aux bords, et nous utilisons la décomposition induite sur S(4)=CP(2)/conj. C'est un fait standard que la surface d'Arnold joue un rôle essentiel dans l'étude des courbes de degré pair. Nous introduisons un analogue de cette surface pour des courbes de degré impair. Nous généralisons également la notion de courbe flexible pour inclure des surfaces non orientables. Nous considérons qu'une courbe flexible est de degré m si son auto-intersection est m² et si elle intersecte la conique Q de manière transverse en exactement 2m points. Notre résultat principal affirme que pour une telle courbe flexible (non nécessairement orientable) de degré impair m=2k+1 ne peut pas posséder plus de -χ(F)/2-k²+k+1, où χ(F) est la caractéristique d'Euler de F. Cette borne supérieure se simplifie en k² dans le cas d'une courbe flexible au sens usuel. Nous généralisons également notre résultat pour des courbes flexibles sur des quadriques, ce qui produit une nouvelle restriction, même pour des courbes algébriques. Dans les chapitres introductifs, un aperçu détaillé de la théorie classique des courbes réelles planes est fait, en s'appuyant aussi bien sur le point de vue réel que complexe. Certains résultats à propos de la théorie des surfaces nouées dans les 4-variétés sont énoncés. Plus précisément, il est question de faits concernant la classe d'Euler du fibré normal d'une surface plongée. Cela nous amène ensuite à considérer la fonction de genre non-orientable d'une 4-variété. Cela constitue un analogue de la conjecture de Thom (résolue par Kronheimer et Mrowka en 1994) pour des surfaces non orientables. Nous calculons presque totalement cette fonction pour CP(2), et nous étudions cette fonction sur d'autres 4-variétés. Enfin, nous digressons autour de la nouvelle notion de courbes flexibles non orientables, où nous dressons une liste de résultats connus qui restent vrai dans ce cadre. Nous nous concentrons aussi sur la classe des courbes algébriques et flexibles qui sont invariantes sous l'action d'une involution holomorphe de CP(2), une notion introduite par T. Fiedler et appelées courbes symétriques. Nous donnons un état de l'art, et nous formulons une succession de petits résultats à propos de la disposition d'une courbe symétrique par rapport aux éléments de symétrie. Nous proposons également une approche pour tenter de généraliser la congruence de Fiedler p-n≡k² [16], valable pour des M-courbes symétriques de degré 2k, à des (M-1)-courbes symétriques de degré 2k
The first part of Hilbert's sixteenth problem deals with the topology of non-singular real plane algebraic curves in the projective plane. As well-known, many topological properties of such curves are shared with the wider class of flexible curves, introduced by O. Viro in 1984. The goal of this thesis is to further investigate the topological origins of the restrictions on real curves in connection with Hilbert's sixteenth problem. We add a natural condition to the definition of flexible curves, namely that they shall intersect an empty real conic Q like algebraic curves do, i.e. all intersections are positive. We see CP(2) as a cylinder over a lens space L(4,1)×R which is compactified by adding RP(2) and Q respectively to the ends, and we use the induced decomposition of S(4)=CP(2)/conj. It is a standard fact that Arnold's surface plays an essential role in the study of curves of even degree. We introduce an analogue of this surface for curves of odd degree. We generalize the notion of flexible curves further to include non-orientable surfaces as well. We say that a flexible curve is of degree m if its self-intersection is m² and it intersects the conic Q transversely in exactly 2m points. Our main result states that for a not necessarily orientable curve of odd degree 2k+1, its number of non-empty ovals is no larger than χ(F)/2-k²+k+1, where χ(F) is the Euler characteristic of F. This upper bound simplifies to k² in the case of a usual flexible curve. We also generalize our result for flexible curves on quadrics, which provides a new restriction, even for algebraic curves. In the introductory chapters, a thorough survey of the classical theory of real plane curves is outlined, both from the real and the complex points of view. Some results regarding the theory of knotted surfaces in 4-manifolds are laid down. More specifically, we review statements involving the Euler class of normal bundles of embedded surfaces. This eventually leads us to consider the non-orientable genus function of a 4-manifold. This forms a non-orientable counterpart of the Thom conjecture, proved by Kronheimer and Mrowka in 1994 in the orientable case. We almost entirely compute this function in the case of CP(2), and we investigate that function on other 4-manifolds. Finally, we digress around the new notion of non-orientable flexible curves, where we survey which known results still hold in that setting. We also focus on algebraic and flexible curves invariant under a holomorphic involution of CP(2), a smaller class of curves introduced by T. Fiedler and called symmetric curves. We give a state of the art, and we formulate a collection of small results results regarding the position of a symmetric plane curve with respect to the elements of symmetry. We also propose a possible approach to generalize Fiedler's congruence p-n≡k² [16], holding for symmetric M-curves of even degree 2k, into one for symmetric (M-1)-curves of even degree

The study aimed at researching the role of materials in flexible learning teacher education courses, specifically looking at the Eastern Cape Teacher Course as a case study. The research aimed at exploring how courses and materials were developed, selected, used and adapted or redeveloped so as to support the course orientation and the intended outcomes. I did this with the hope that my research might inform the process of improving the role of course materials in flexible learning teacher education courses. I did a naturalistic enquiry within which I interviewed 39 participants (teachers and teacher educators) and two course co-ordinators. I also analysed documents such as the course materials, nine participants' journals and seven of their assignments. The observation notes compiled during the early days of the course were not used as a main source of data but as support to data sources mentioned above. Questionnaires were handed out to all the course participants, i.e. course co-ordinators, tutors and student participants. The questionnaires were intended as a means for pre interview and post interview reflection for interviewees. Through this research, I have learnt a lot about the role of materials in professional development courses, including the importance of mediation of materials and their overt use during course sessions, the importance of providing and encouraging a culture of reading through time allocation during contact sessions, through discussions on materials, and also through providing orientating comm~nts on materials rather than just handing them out to participants. Readings that are more focussed do better to motivate participants to interact with them.

L'expérience des changes flexibles qui a duré plus de quinze ans n'a guère permis de vérifier les résultats avancés par le modèle standard d'inspiration keynésienne. Le moins que l'on puisse dire, argumente-t-on, ces résultats s'inspirent d'une analyse incomplète. Les lacunes de ce modèle sont comblés par une reformulation de certaines hypothèses d'une manière plus adéquate à la situation observée. Cette reformulation conduit à l'explication des phénomènes tels le surajustement (ou sous-ajustement) du taux de change, le cercle vicieux (ou vertueux) et les bulles spéculatives rationnelles. Ces phénomènes constituent ainsi des contraintes adjacentes à la stabilité des taux de change. Leur incidence sur la politique économique est perverse. L'efficacité et l'indépendance des politiques économiques, plus particulièrement celles des politiques monétaires, se trouvent en effet réduites. Comme il y a interdépendance des politiques économiques, le bon sens élémentaire suggère la coordination de celles-ci. Cependant, comme les avantages quantitatifs exploités de la coopération sont faibles, il apparaît donc inutile de les coordonner. Seules des politiques de stabilisation et d'ajustement progressif des taux de change peuvent réduire l'incertitude et les risques d'apparition des déséquilibres cumulatifs. Chaque pays pourrait retrouver ainsi l'efficacité et l'indépendance souhaitées de leur politique économique en particulier celles de la politique monétaire.

The aim of the dissertation is based on the properties of flexible road pavement structures to develop a mathematical models for predicting the performance of wearing courses used in the pavements of the main roads. The main tasks of the dissertation are as follows: to analyze the main factors influencing the service indices of asphalt concrete pavements and to determine their reasons; to investigate the quality of materials and mixtures used in pavement structural layers of the main roads; to determine the interaction between asphalt concrete pavement composition and the quality indices of mixture materials; to study regularities of the change in pavement roughness and rut depth; to determine the interaction between the quality indices of materials used in pavement structural layers; to select two rational flexible pavement structures for the main roads (for the different traffic volume). The dissertation consists of introduction, four chapters, general conclusions, the list of references and the list of author’s publications on the topic of the dissertation, addenda. Introduction describes the studied problem, topicality of the problem, the object of research, also the aim and tasks, research methodology, scientific novelty, practical value of the results and the defended propositions. Chapter 1 gives the analysis of scientific researches made by different countries in the field of the performance of asphalt concrete pavements and their structures, duration of their... [to full text]
Disertacijos tikslas – parengti magistralinių automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės dangos eksploatacinių rodiklių prognozės matematinius modelius, atsižvelgiant į tampriosios dangos konstrukcijos savybes ir transporto priemonių (TP) eismo intensyvumą (EI). Darbe iškelti šie svarbiausieji uždaviniai: išanalizuoti automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės (AB) dangos eksploatacinius rodiklius lemiančius svarbiausius veiksnius ir atskleisti šių rodiklių blogėjimo priežastis; atlikti magistralinių kelių dangos konstrukcijų (KDK) sluoksniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių tyrimus; nustatyti AB dangos komponentinės sudėties, fizinių bei mechaninių rodiklių ir AB mišiniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; ištirti AB dangos lygumo ir provėžų gylio kitėjimo dėsningumus; nustatyti AB dangos, kitų (KDK) sluoksnių medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; parinkti dvi racionalias magistralinių kelių tampriosios dangos konstrukcijas (skirtingam TP eismui). Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir priedai. Įvade aptarta tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė vertė ir ginamieji teiginiai. Pirmajame skyriuje išnagrinėti įvairių šalių mokslininkų atlikti automobilių kelių asfaltinės dangos bei jos konstrukcijos eksploatacinių rodiklių ir jų funkcionavimo trukmės tyrimai. Antrajame... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Collaborative Learning is the pedagogical approach that considers social interactions as key means to trigger rich learning processes. Collaborative Learning Flow Patterns define best practices to orchestrate collaborative learning activity flow mechanisms (i.e., group formation, roles or resources allocation, phase change). Flow patterns have been experimented and evaluated as effective in small scale settings for decades. Directly applying these pedagogical methods to large learning scenarios is challenging due to the burden that scale represents in the orchestration load or the difficulty of keeping a dynamic meaningful progression when flexible changes are required in a large classroom or in a MOOC. Some attempts have shown positive results, but research around scalable collaborative learning approaches, models and technologies for large classes is scattered. This dissertation conducts a systematic literature review of collaborative learning applications on large classes and analyses the social learning potential of diverse technology-supported spaces in massive courses. Then the dissertation focuses the study on how collaborative learning could address key challenges (i.e., scalability and dynamism) identified in large collaborative learning contexts. Consequently, the thesis proposes a Pyramid flow pattern instantiation, composed of a model with a set of algorithmic rules for flow creation, flow control and flow awareness as well as a PyramidApp authoring and enactment system implementing the model. Experimentation across diverse learning contexts shows that, on one hand, the contributions support meaningful scalable and dynamic collaborative learning and on the other hand, learners and educators perceive the experiences as engaging, with learning values and effective from the perspective of orchestration.
El aprendizaje colaborativo es el enfoque pedagógico que considera las interacciones sociales como un medio clave para desencadenar procesos de aprendizaje ricos. Los patrones de flujo de aprendizaje colaborativo definen buenas prácticas para orquestar mecanismos de flujo en actividades de aprendizaje colaborativo (es decir, la formación de grupos, la asignación de roles o recursos, los cambios de fase). Los patrones de flujo han sido probados y evaluados como efectivos en entornos de pequeña escala durante décadas. La aplicación de estos métodos pedagógicos en grandes escenarios de aprendizaje supone un reto debido a la carga que representa la escala en la orquestación, así como a la dificultad de mantener una progresión dinámica con sentido pedagógico cuando se requieren cambios flexibles en un aula grande o en un MOOC. Existen algunos intentos interesantes, pero la investigación en torno a enfoques de aprendizaje colaborativo escalables, y modelos y tecnologías para entornos educativos con muchos estudiantes está dispersa. Esta tesis lleva a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre aplicaciones de aprendizaje colaborativo con muchos estudiantes y analiza el potencial de aprendizaje social de diversos espacios apoyados por la tecnología en este tipo de contextos. A continuación, la tesis se centra en el estudio de cómo el aprendizaje colaborativo podría abordar desafíos clave identificados en contextos de aprendizaje colaborativo con un gran número de estudiantes (es decir, la escalabilidad y el dinamismo). En consecuencia, la tesis propone una instanciación del patrón de flujo Pirámide, compuesto de un modelo con un conjunto de reglas algorítmicas para la creación, el control y la conciencia del flujo de aprendizaje, así como un sistema de creación e implementación del modelo. La experimentación realizada en distintos contextos de aprendizaje demuestra que, por un lado, las contribuciones apoyan un aprendizaje colaborativo escalable y dinámico, y que, por otro lado, los estudiantes y los educadores perciben las experiencias como amenas, con valor para el aprendizaje y efectivas desde la perspectiva de la orquestación.

This study examines the use of concrete waste by-products as a new source of road construction material in Western Australia (WA). The amount of construction waste in Western Australia increases annually, whilst natural rock aggregate is in shortage.This research focuses on whether recycled concrete, derived from various sources such as by-products from the processes of manufacturing ready-mixed concrete and waste from construction and demolition (C&D), is a viable option for use as a base and sub-base course material in road building in WA.A series of laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical, engineering and performance properties of selected research materials to evaluate their respective potential utilisation. The results demonstrate that the concrete waste materials selected from the companies: Holcim Ltd, All Earth, Capital Demolition and C&D Recycling are suitable for use as base and sub-base layers of flexible pavement in Western Australia.

Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações
Em Portugal e na Europa em geral, ainda que com algumas especificidades peculiares de cada país, verifica-se que os empregadores recorrem cada vez mais a formas flexíveis de trabalho e de emprego. Ainda que muitas destas formas de emprego escapem às fontes estatísticas, os dados disponíveis permitem constatar que, em Portugal, se assiste a uma tendência para o aumento da flexibilidade contratual e de tempo de trabalho. Acresce que as mulheres estão particularmente representadas em algumas das modalidades flexíveis de emprego. A flexibilidade de emprego tem sido encarada, em praticamente todos os países europeus, como a ponte indispensável para a competitividade das economias e criação de emprego, para um melhor equilíbrio entre a vida profissional e a vida familiar, e para a igualdade de oportunidades. Um dos objectivos centrais deste estudo é o de problematizar a questão da compatibilidade efectiva entre a flexibilidade de emprego e a igualdade de oportunidades entre homens e mulheres. Partindo de uma abordagem não unilateral ou determinista em relação à flexibilidade de emprego, argumentamos que as implicações da flexibilidade de emprego e de tempo de trabalho estão associadas quer a uma reconfiguração das desigualdades entre o sexos, quer a um agravamento das desigualdades socioeconómicas entre as mulheres. O trabalho empírico incide sobre alguns dos novos sectores dos serviços (sector TIC e novos formatos comerciais/grande distribuição) e articula a análise quantitativa (dados estatísticos e informação recolhida por inquérito por questionário) com a análise qualitativa (entrevistas em profundidade/histórias de vida).
Despite certain specific features peculiar to each European country, it has been found that, across Europe, employers increasingly resort to flexible working time arrangements and flexible employment practices (e.g. flexible contracts), which deviate from the typical model of employment of industrial society. Although many of these forms of employment are not explicitly measured by statistical surveys, available data for Portugal show that indeed the trend is towards increasing flexible employment and that women are over-represented in many of these flexible arrangements. This issue is particularly relevant as flexibility has been rhetorically advocated as a means to a more balanced working-life, as well as to a society of full, better quality employment and of gender equality. Therefore, one of the main goals of this study is to discuss the question of the effective compatibility between employment/working time flexibility and the equal opportunities issue between men and women. Based on a non-unilateral or deterministic approach in relation to this issue, the main argument states that both employment flexibility and working time flexibility generate new patterns of gender segregation and enhance social and economic differentiation among women. The study mainly focuses on the new service sectors (ICT and retail) and it is based on a combination of both a quantitative analysis of statistical data and a survey on flexible employees and a qualitative approach. As part of the latter, in-depth interviews with women will be performed, focusing on interviewees/life stories.

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The area of research of this thesis is “Education, Work and Social Movements”, from the Graduate Program in Education of the Federal University of Goiás. It aimed to understand the work and professional education relationship in the area of construction and professional training, more specifically in the professional training offered by the Building Construction Technical Course of the Federal Institute of Goiás, Goiânia Campus, starting from the analyses of the capitalist production models - Fordism and the flexible accumulation and its relationship with the world of work; the historicity of professional education in Brazil; and the pedagogical experience lived by the technical course taken as object of study. This research of qualitative nature was conducted between 2010 and 2015 by means of a bibliographical and documentary analysis, field research, interviews with teachers and students of the cited course in the same institution and with liberal professionals of construction in Goiânia, analyzing the testimonies of these subjects. The pedagogical documents of the course were selected between the decades of 1970 to 2000. As a theoretical support of the discussions, reference was sought in David Harvey, Vanilda Paiva, Mauro Del Pino, Gaudêncio Frigotto, Acácia Kuenzer, Silvia Manfredi, Milton Vargas, Fábio Villela, Nelson Ribeiro, among others. These authors contributed to deepen the studies on the contemporary productive and social changes and on the historical outcomes in work and in professional education, considering the field of construction and technical training in buildings at Goiânia Campus. The theoretical reflections and the analysis of the empirical content made it possible to state that: the construction area - subarea buildings - is permeated by rigid and flexible production processes; the professional training of the buildings technician preserves the value of the technical rigidity, being updated, contemporaneously, by knowledge and tools that make his/her practice flexible; work and professional training of the building technician have been guided by relationships that reveal a productivist character among its subjects, primarily present in the identity constitution of the majority of young people who choose the course and in the educational role in this category. However, it is necessary to think of practices considering the educational guidelines that aim at a complete training of the individual, regardless of the formative link to the production models and the characteristics of the corresponding work.
Esta tese insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa “Educação, Trabalho e Movimentos Sociais”, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Teve como objetivo compreender a relação trabalho e educação profissional, na área da construção civil, mais especificamente na formação profissional ofertada pelo Curso Técnico em Edificações do Instituto Federal de Goiás - Campus Goiânia, partindo das análises dos modelos da produção capitalista - o fordismo e a acumulação flexível e sua relação com o mundo do trabalho; da historicidade da educação profissional no Brasil; da experiência pedagógica vivenciada pelo curso técnico tomado como objeto de estudo. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, foi realizada entre 2010 e 2015, contando com a análise bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo, por meio de entrevistas com professores e alunos do Curso Técnico em Edificações, na mesma instituição, e com profissionais liberais da construção civil em Goiânia, analisando-se os depoimentos desses sujeitos. Os documentos pedagógicos do curso foram selecionados entre as décadas de 1970 a 2000. Como fundamentação das discussões elaboradas, buscou-se referência em David Harvey, Vanilda Paiva, Mauro Del Pino, Gaudêncio Frigotto, Acácia Kuenzer, Silvia Manfredi, Milton Vargas, Fábio Villela, Nelson Ribeiro, dentre outros. Tais autores contribuíram para o aprofundamento de estudos acerca das mudanças produtivas e sociais na contemporaneidade e dos desdobramentos históricos no trabalho e na educação profissional, considerando a área de construção civil e a formação profissional técnica em edificações no campus Goiânia. As reflexões teóricas e a análise do conteúdo empírico possibilitaram afirmar que: a área de construção civil  subárea edificações  é permeada por processos rígidos e flexíveis de produção; a formação profissional do técnico em edificações preserva a valorização da rigidez técnica, sendo atualizada, contemporaneamente, por conhecimentos e ferramentas que flexibilizam a sua prática; o trabalho e a formação profissional do técnico em edificações têm sido norteados por relações que revelam um caráter produtivista entre seus sujeitos, primordialmente presente na constituição identitária da maioria dos jovens que optam pelo curso e no papel educativo institucional nesta modalidade. Porém, há que se pensar em práticas, considerando diretrizes educacionais que apontem para uma formação completa do indivíduo, independente da vinculação formativa aos modelos de produção e das características do trabalho correspondente.

Disertacijos tikslas – parengti magistralinių automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės dangos eksploatacinių rodiklių prognozės matematinius modelius, atsižvelgiant į tampriosios dangos konstrukcijos savybes ir transporto priemonių (TP) eismo intensyvumą (EI). Darbe iškelti šie svarbiausieji uždaviniai: išanalizuoti automobilių kelių asfaltbetoninės (AB) dangos eksploatacinius rodiklius lemiančius svarbiausius veiksnius ir atskleisti šių rodiklių blogėjimo priežastis; atlikti magistralinių kelių dangos konstrukcijų (KDK) sluoksniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių tyrimus; nustatyti AB dangos komponentinės sudėties, fizinių bei mechaninių rodiklių ir AB mišiniams naudojamų medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; ištirti AB dangos lygumo ir provėžų gylio kitėjimo dėsningumus; nustatyti AB dangos, kitų (KDK) sluoksnių medžiagų kokybės rodiklių sietį; parinkti dvi racionalias magistralinių kelių tampriosios dangos konstrukcijas (skirtingam TP eismui). Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autoriaus publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir priedai. Įvade aptarta tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai, tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė vertė ir ginamieji teiginiai. Pirmajame skyriuje išnagrinėti įvairių šalių mokslininkų atlikti automobilių kelių asfaltinės dangos bei jos konstrukcijos eksploatacinių rodiklių ir jų funkcionavimo trukmės tyrimai. Antrajame... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The aim of the dissertation is based on the properties of flexible road pavement structures to develop a mathematical models for predicting the performance of wearing courses used in the pavements of the main roads. The main tasks of the dissertation are as follows: to analyze the main factors influencing the service indices of asphalt concrete pavements and to determine their reasons; to investigate the quality of materials and mixtures used in pavement structural layers of the main roads; to determine the interaction between asphalt concrete pavement composition and the quality indices of mixture materials; to study regularities of the change in pavement roughness and rut depth; to determine the interaction between the quality indices of materials used in pavement structural layers; to select two rational flexible pavement structures for the main roads (for the different traffic volume). The dissertation consists of introduction, four chapters, general conclusions, the list of references and the list of author’s publications on the topic of the dissertation, addenda. Introduction describes the studied problem, topicality of the problem, the object of research, also the aim and tasks, research methodology, scientific novelty, practical value of the results and the defended propositions. Chapter 1 gives the analysis of scientific researches made by different countries in the field of the performance of asphalt concrete pavements and their structures, duration of their... [to full text]

Depuis les travaux précurseurs de Richard et al., les constructions géométriques
occupent une place importante dans la description des macro-molécules et leurs assemblages.
En particulier, certains complexes cellulaires liés au diagramme de Voronoï
ont été utilisés pour décrire les propriétés de compacité des empilement atomiques,
calculer des surfaces moléculaires, ou encore détecter des cavités à la surface des molécules.
Cette thèse se positionne dans ce contexte, et après une brève introduction à la
structure des protéines, détaille quatre contributions.

Premièrement, en utilisant le principe de balayage introduit par
Bentley et Ottmann, cette thèse présente le premier algorithme effectif
pour construire l'arrangement exact de cercles sur une sphère.
De plus, en supposant que les cercles proviennent de l'intersection entre
sphères, une stratégie pour calculer les listes couvrantes d'une face de
l'arrangement (i.e. la liste des boules qui la recouvrent) est proposée.
L'exactitude n'étant pas une fin en soi, mais plutôt une façon de rendre l'algorithmique
robuste, nous montrons expérimentalement que le surcoût induit est modeste.

Deuxièmement, cette thèse développe les primitives algébriques et géométriques
requises par l'algorithme de balayage afin de le rendre générique et robuste. Ces primitives
sont intégrées dans une contexte plus général, à savoir le noyau CGAL pour les objets sphériques.

Troisièmement, la machinerie introduite est utilisée pour traiter un problème
de biologie structurale computationelle : la sélection d'un sous-ensemble varié
à partir d'un ensemble redondant de conformations de boucles.
Nous proposons de résoudre ce problème de sélection en retenant les
représentants qui maximisent l'aire ou le volume de la sélection.
Ces questions peuvent être traitées géométriquement à l'aide d'arrangements de cercles sur une sphère.
La validation est faîte sur deux fronts.
D'un point de vue géométrique, nous montrons que notre approche génère des sélections
dont l'aire de la surface moléculaire équivaut à celle de sélections obtenues par des stratégies
classiques, mais qui sont de taille nettement inférieure.
Du point de vue amarrage de protéines, nous montrons que nos sélections améliorent de
manière significative les résultats obtenus à l'aide d'un algorithme manipulant des
parties flexibles.

Pour finir, nous discutons les problèmes et choix d'implémentation, en
les replaçant dans le contexte de la librairie CGAL.

У тезах розглянуті питання трудомісткості розробки дистанційних курсів навчання. Надано пропозиції за обсягом навчального навантаження викладачів, щодо дистанційних курсів. Пропонується введення гнучкого графіка навчання. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36639
В тезисах рассмотрены вопросы трудоемкости разработки дистанционных курсов обучения. Даны предложения по объему учебной нагрузки преподавателей, относительно дистанционных курсов. Предлагается введение гибкого графика обучения. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36639
In the abstract the complexity of the issues to develop distance learning courses. The proposals are given in terms of the teaching load of teachers with respect to distance learning courses. Proposes the introduction of flexible learning. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36639

Les travaux présentés dans ce document traitent de méthodes arborescentes pour la résolution de problèmes combinatoires d'optimisation ou de décision. Le premier chapitre présente les contributions que nous avons apportées pour les méthodes de résolution dites " à divergences ". Ces contributions concernent les modes de comptage des divergences pour les problèmes à variables discrètes, le développement d'une heuristique dynamique à pondération de variables, ainsi que, dans un contexte d'optimisation, l'utilisation de bornes ou d'heuristiques pour la sélection des points de divergences. Ces différentes contributions sont illustrées sur des problèmes d'ordonnancement ou sur des problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes. Le deuxième chapitre traite de propagation de contraintes pour la résolution de problèmes d'ordonnancement disjonctifs en présence de contraintes temporelles généralisées. Des extensions de méthodes de propagation de contraintes efficaces dans ce contexte sont proposées et des applications à la résolution de différents problèmes d'ordonnancement sont également présentées. Le troisième chapitre s'intéresse à un problème de calcul d'itinéraires point à point sur des réseaux de transport multi-modaux. La prise en compte de la multi-modalité fait surgir à la fois de nouvelles contraintes permettant d'exprimer si la séquence de modes d'un itinéraire conduit ou non à une solution admissible, mais aussi de nouveaux objectifs comme la minimisation du nombre de changement de modes. Le problème étudié (minimisation du temps de trajet et du nombre de transferts) est polynomial et différentes variantes basées sur le principe de l'algorithme de Dijkstra sont présentées et évaluées sur un cas réel.

Diploma thesis deals with the topic of using recycled material in the production of asphalt mixtures. In the theoretical part the methods of recycling flexible pavement are described and as well as ways in which recycled material is added to asphalt mixtures produced by the stationary hot mix plant. The thesis also deals with the current state of recycled material use in the Czech Republic and the reasons for its possible greater use. The practical part of the thesis studies the effect of using the amount of 20% recycled material to asphalt mixtures of asphalt concrete for wearing course ACO11+, on selected functional properties of these mixtures. It is also investigates the influence of bitumen binder contained in the recycled material, on the final properties in manufactured asphalt mixtures. An integral part of this thesis is a description of all methods that were used during the processing of the practical part. In the end of this thesis there are some results of findings about adding recycled material into asphalt mixtures.

碩士
國立台北師範學院
數理教育研究所
89
This research addressed the development of math activities in the flexible courses of the primary school level of classroom. The considerations of math activity include its design, practice, positions, characters and effects. Hopefully, the advices that addressed through the classroom teaching research could be some good points to learn from. For this reason, the researcher and two other teachers adopted the cooperative action research methods in a fourth grade class. We designed and practiced nine math activities in half year and observed the class as well. The result shows that there were some difficulties on the design of the math activities when we planed the activities. However, difficulties can still be solved by finding topics in math coerces, discussing students’ experiences and learning process, adapting daily life context and group cooperative designs. In the initial stage, the difficulties were caused by the teachers and students are not familiar. We went through the process of testing, correcting and adjusting. In this research, we adopted the crafts made by both teacher and students, created the chances for the students to explain and adjusted the practical math activities based on students’ reactions. The math activity in this research is an integrated teaching an extending and life-applied teaching as well. Math activities contain six characters. Consideration in students’ recognition and experience, teaching by using activities, the use of the context, the application of the real situation, the combination with school visions and the competence indicators. On the students’ aspect, the math activities provide chances to them to experience math in their life and increases the interactions between teacher and students. On the teachers’ aspect, the math activities let teachers consider students’ opinions and use the real life situation into math teaching. Although math activities were put into practice in the flexible courses, the idea could still be used in normal math teaching classes. Students might learn from their familiar real-life situation, deeply experience the relationships between math and life, and apply them into their life. Further more, we took the method of teamwork, which improve the interchange and interaction between teachers. To sum up, we address some advices on the connections between math activities and real-life situation, flexible use of time and promoting the professional quality of teachers. Hopefully the math teaching methods could make its progress continually.

The purpose of this study was to improve flexible base course performance within the state of Texas while reducing TxDOT’s testing burden. The focus of this study was to revise the current specification with the intent of providing a “performance related” specification while optimizing sample sizes and testing frequencies based on material variability. A literature review yielded information on base course variability within and outside the state of Texas, and on what tests other states, and Canada, are currently using to characterize flexible base performance. A sampling and testing program was conducted at Texas A&M University to define current variability information, and to conduct performance related tests including resilient modulus and permanent deformation. In addition to these data being more current, they are more representative of short-term variability than data obtained from the literature. This “short-term” variability is considered more realistic for what typically occurs during construction operations. A statistical sensitivity analysis (based on the 80th percentile standard deviation) of these data was conducted to determine minimum sample sizes for contractors to qualify for the proposed quality monitoring program (QMP). The required sample sizes for contractors to qualify for the QMP are 20 for gradation, compressive strength, and moisture-density tests, 15 for Atterberg Limits, and 10 for Web Ball Mill. These sample sizes are based on a minimum 25,000 ton stockpile, or “lot”. After qualifying for the program, if contractors can prove their variability is better than the 80th percentile, they can reduce their testing frequencies. The sample size for TxDOT’s verification testing is 5 samples per lot and will remain at that number regardless of reduced variability. Once qualified for the QMP, a contractor may continue to send material to TxDOT projects until a failing sample disqualifies the contractor from the program. TxDOT does not currently require washed gradations for flexible base. Dry and washed sieve analyses were performed during this study to investigate the need for washed gradations. Statistical comparisons of these data yielded strong evidence that TxDOT should always use a washed method. Significant differences between the washed and dry method were determined for the percentage of material passing the No. 40 and No. 200 sieves. Since TxDOT already specifies limits on the fraction of material passing the No. 40 sieve, and since this study yielded evidence of that size fraction having a relationship with resilient modulus (performance), it would be beneficial to use a washed sieve analysis and therefore obtain a more accurate reading for that specification. Furthermore, it is suggested the TxDOT requires contractors to have “target” test values, and to place 90 percent within limits (90PWL) bands around those target values to control material variability.

Савушкіна К. К. Теоретико-методичні засади впровадження змішаного навчання в освітній процес закладу вищої освіти : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 011 «Освітні, педагогічні науки» / наук. керівник О. І. Гура. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 94 с.
UA : Робота викладена на 94 сторінках друкованого тексту. Перелік посилань включає 82 джерела, з них на іноземній мові – 24. Об’єкт дослідження: організація освітнього процесу закладу вищої освіти. Предмет дослідження: теоретико-методичні аспекти впровадження змішаного навчання в освітній процес закладу вищої освіти на прикладі моделі «перевернутий клас». Мета дослідження: теоретично обґрунтувати доцільність впровадження змішаного навчання в освітній процес закладу вищої освіти та надати методичні рекомендації стосовно організації навчального процесу на прикладі моделі «перевернутий клас». В роботі розкрито науково-теоретичні основи розуміння сутності змішаного навчання у вітчизняних та зарубіжних наукових працях; визначено й охарактеризовано напрямки реалізації змішаного навчання у вітчизняній системі освіти; здійснено аналіз моделей змішаного навчання, надавши їх загальну характеристику; надано методичні рекомендації стосовно організації навчального процесу у закладі вищої освіти на прикладі моделі «перевернутий клас». Практичне значення роботи полягає у наданні методичних рекомендацій стосовно організації навчального процесу на засадах змішаного навчання на прикладі моделі «перевернутий клас».
EN : The work is presented on 94 pages of printed text. The list of references includes 82 sources, 24 of them in foreign language. The object of the study: organization of the educational process of a higher education institution. Subject of research: theoretical and methodological aspects of the introduction of blended learning in the educational process of higher education institutions on the example of the model "inverted class". The purpose of the study: to theoretically justify the feasibility of introducing blended learning in the educational process of higher education and provide guidelines for the organization of the educational process on the example of the model "inverted classroom". The paper reveals the scientific and theoretical foundations of understanding the essence of blended learning in domestic and foreign scientific works; the directions of realization of blended learning in the domestic system of education are defined and characterized; the analysis of models of blended learning is carried out, giving their general characteristic; methodical recommendations concerning the organization of educational process in an institution of higher education on the example of the model "inverted class" are given. The practical significance of the work is to provide guidelines for the organization of the educational process on the basis of blended learning on the example of the model "inverted classroom".