Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Couplage sectoriel"

Maternal and infant mortality rates are caused by complications in pregnancy and childbirth as a result of no good pregnancy planning. Limited information on prospective brides causes low awareness of the importance of premarital health services. This is directly proportional to low participation in accessing health services. The purpose of this study is to determine cross-sectoral strategies for strengthening health for prospective brides in the city of Yogyakarta. This research method is qualitative with a phenomenological study approach, namely exploring subjective experiences from the perspective of research informants. Determination of informants is done using purposive sampling technique, namely the determination of informants based on certain goals and criteria that have been set. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews with informants. The validity of the data was tested by testing credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability by extending the observation period, increasing persistence, peer debriefing, member check and triangulation until the data collected was saturated for four months. Data analysis was carried out using the van meter and van horn theoretical approaches. The conclusion in this study is that health services for the prospective premarital couple aim to prepare the health of the prospective premarital couple for pregnancy, childbirth and contraceptive preparation; Human resources involved in the service are KUA officers, BP4 officers, midwives, lab officers, general practitioners, nutrition officers and psychologists; All KUA, BP4 and health workers serve wholeheartedly regardless of the background of the bride and groom; Communication between organizations is mainly carried out through SOPs for premarital couple services and support from the environment, economy, social, and politics in the form of cross-sectoral support from KUA and BP4, the Yogyakarta City area is not a conflict area, so it does not affect the stability of services for the premarital couple.

A novel design approach to wideband, triple-mode resonant microstrip patch antenna with enhanced backfire gain and low side-lobe level, is advanced. The antenna consists of a 2.0-wavelength sectorial magnetic dipole and an annular sector reflector which width is an odd multiple(s) of 1/4-wavelength. Under high-order mode resonance, the principal radiator and the reflector can be tuned to electrically couple, thus simultaneously to yield enhanced backfire radiation and low side-lobe level. As is numerically simulated and experimentally validated, the width of reflector is finally determined to be 3/4-wavelength. In that fashion, the antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 43.6%, with a backfire gain up to 7.3 dBi and a first side-lobe level as low as -16.4 dB in V2X-band within x y -plane.

The decarbonization of the energy system will bring substantial changes, from supranational regions to residential sites. This review investigates sustainable energy supply, applying a multi-sectoral approach from a residential site perspective, especially with focus on identifying crucial, plausible factors and their influence on the operation of the system. The traditionally separated mobility, heat, and electricity sectors are examined in more detail with regard to their decarbonization approaches. For every sector, available technologies, demand, and future perspectives are described. Furthermore, the benefits of cross-sectoral integration and technology coupling are examined, besides challenges to the electricity grid due to upcoming technologies, such as electric vehicles and heat pumps. Measures such as transport mode shift and improving building insulation can reduce the demand in their respective sector, although their impact remains uncertain. Moreover, flexibility measures such as Power to X or vehicle to grid couple the electricity sector to other sectors such as the mobility and heat sectors. Based on these findings, a morphological analysis is conducted. A morphological box is presented to summarize the major characteristics of the future residential energy system and investigate mutually incompatible pairs of factors. Lastly, the scenario space is further analyzed in terms of annual energy demand for a district.

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence women experience globally. Economic empowerment interventions have been implemented across countries to prevent and address IPV, with mixed results. A sociological ‘male-backlash’ model suggests that addressing unequal gender norms is crucial to reduce IPV. This study evaluates the impact of a multipronged intervention among heterosexual couples in urban and periurban Ibadan that aimed at reducing IPV by increasing financial and reproductive literacy, fostering gender equality and improving relationship quality.MethodsA four-arm mixed-methods cluster randomised control trial was employed. Baseline data and end line data six months postintervention were collected to estimate changes in key outcomes. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 couples 2 years postintervention to explore the drivers of changes in outcomes. Difference-in-differences regression models were estimated to compare changes in IPV levels across the three intervention arms and control arm, and thematic analysis was conducted to understand drivers of change in IPV outcomes.ResultsPhysical IPV decreased significantly in the gender socialisation (GS) (β: −4.63 (SE: 2.12)) and GS and financial literacy (β: −4.61 (SE: 2.02)) groups as compared with the control group. Changes in emotional and sexual IPV were marginally significant or insignificant, respectively, suggesting that the intervention did not have an impact on non-physical forms of IPV. In the in-depth interviews, couples reported improved communication and trust, enhanced conflict management skills, and increased mutual respect as a result of participation across intervention arms, which may have facilitated the reduction of violence in their relationships.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential utility of gender transformative interventions for improving physical IPV outcomes. Future research should seek to understand the mechanisms that influence sexual and emotional IPV as their aetiology may be different from physical violence.Trail registration numberThe study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03888495).

Background: Childlessness is not problem in resource-poor area where fertility rates are high. The consequence of childlessness is very severe in low-income countries like Nepal, particularly for women. Childless women are frequently stigmatized, isolated, ostracized, disinherited and neglected by the family and local community. This may result in physical and psychological abuse, polygamy and even suicide. The aim of the study is to explore the perception of childlessness, its cause and consequences and health seeking behavior among couples in order to develop strategies for action and policy-setting.Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in Dang and Udayapur district of Nepal. Childlessness couple were recruited through snowball sampling. Information was also gathered from key informant and Focus group discussion. All interview were audiotaped using a digital recorder.Results: Women expressed that they are being discriminated, humiliated and intimated by their family members and society for being childlessness. Despite childlessness problem with husband, women experience emotional and physical abuse. Financial constraints and unaffordable service as one of the major problems among couple that led to withdrawal or stop attending their follow up for modern treatment.Conclusions: The study concludes that childlessness women suffer from all spare of their personal and social life although childlessness is a biomedical cause. Financial hardship and family pressure made them to seek traditional healer for first treatment approach for childlessness rather than modern method of treatment. Therefore, childlessness needs to be seen as a public health issue rather than a pure medical condition. Hence, multi-sectoral (i.e., Preventive, promotive and social dimension) response to address childlessness could be valuable.

Abstract. In this work we couple the HTAP_v2.2 global air pollutant emission inventory with the global source receptor model TM5-FASST to evaluate the relative contributions of the major anthropogenic emission sources (power generation, industry, ground transport, residential, agriculture and international shipping) to air quality and human health in 2010. We focus on particulate matter (PM) concentrations because of the relative importance of PM2.5 emissions in populated areas and the well-documented cumulative negative effects on human health. We estimate that in 2010, depending on the region, annual averaged anthropogenic PM2.5 concentrations varied between ca. 1 and 40 µg m−3, with the highest concentrations observed in China and India, and lower concentrations in Europe and North America. The relative contribution of anthropogenic emission sources to PM2.5 concentrations varies between the regions. European PM pollution is mainly influenced by the agricultural and residential sectors, while the major contributing sectors to PM pollution in Asia and the emerging economies are the power generation, industrial and residential sectors. We also evaluate the emission sectors and emission regions in which pollution reduction measures would lead to the largest improvement on the overall air quality. We show that air quality improvements would require regional policies, in addition to local- and urban-scale measures, due to the transboundary features of PM pollution. We investigate emission inventory uncertainties and their propagation to PM2.5 concentrations, in order to identify the most effective strategies to be implemented at sector and regional level to improve emission inventories, knowledge and air quality modelling. We show that the uncertainty of PM concentrations depends not only on the uncertainty of local emission inventories, but also on that of the surrounding regions. Countries with high emission uncertainties are often impacted by the uncertainty of pollution coming from surrounding regions, highlighting the need for effective efforts in improving emissions not only within a region but also from extra-regional sources. Finally, we propagate emission inventory uncertainty to PM concentrations and health impacts. We estimate 2.1 million premature deaths per year with an uncertainty of more than 1 million premature deaths per year due to the uncertainty associated only with the emissions.

Abstract. Climate change may affect crop development and yield, and consequently cast a shadow of doubt over China's food self-sufficiency efforts. In this study we used the model projections of a couple of global gridded crop models (GGCMs) to assess the effects of future climate change on the potential yields of the major crops (i.e. wheat, rice, maize and soybean) over China. The GGCMs were forced with the bias-corrected climate data from 5 global climate models (GCMs) under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 which were made available by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP). The results show that the potential yields of rice may increase over a large portion of China. Climate change may benefit food productions over the high-altitude and cold regions where are outside current main agricultural area. However, the potential yield of maize, soybean and wheat may decrease in a large portion of the current main crop planting areas such as North China Plain. Development of new agronomic management strategy may be useful for coping with climate change in the areas with high risk of yield reduction.

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">This article examines the model of fostering and mentoring sakinah families in Demak Regency by marriage<strong> </strong>counseling. The method used qualitative with a phenomenological approach and psychoanalytic approach. The aim of this approach is to research the meaning of essential things about marriage counseling in forming a sakinah family, then to relate to a model of family fostering and mentoring for sakinah families in Demak Regency. The research shows that: first, to realize a sakinah family, marriage counseling focus in psychology and syaria. Second, marriage counseling as a process of giving assistance to individuals so that in carrying out marriage and married life can be in harmony with the provisions and instructions of Allah. Third, there was a decline in divorce rates in the Demak Regency area. Data decreasing by 13%, from 19% in 2016 to 6% in 2017. The decline in divorce rates in Demak Regency is inseparable from the guidance and assistance carried out by Islamic Religious Counselors who collaborate with cross-sectoral agencies in providing counseling for marriage to husband and wife couple in Demak Regency to be fostered by sakinah family.</p>

INTRODUCTIONSelon l’interprétation de la Richesse des nations restée dominante jusqu’à la seconde guerre mondiale, les questions de l’allocation des ressources, de la détermination des prix et de la répartition constituaient le « noyau dur » de cet ouvrage. A cette époque, H. Myint en prit le contrepied: « The method of regarding the problem of allocating ressources as the main concern of the classical economists fails to provide such a central unifying principle » (Myint, [1946], p. 120). Il proposa une autre grille de lecture ayant pour axe les problèmes ressortissant au développement et à la croissance. C’est dans cette perspective que s’inscriront par la suite certains travaux tentant de rendre compte de la cohérence et de la pertinence des thèses d’A. Smith dans le cadre de modèles macroéconomiques de croissance (Lowe, [1954 et 1975]; Thweatt, [1957]; Adelman, [1962]; Barkaï, [1969]; O’Brien, [1975]; Eltis, [1975]). Ces travaux ont en commun de faire abstraction de toute différenciation sectorielle et de prêter une attention toute particulière au couple smithien division du travail-extension du marché et, par là, d’attribuer une place primordiale à la question des rendements d’échelle. Schématiquement, A. Smith, ayant supposé des rendements d’échelle croissants, aurait eu une conception cumulative de la croissance, représentable graphiquement par une spirale.

Pour contribuer à l’objectif de contenir le réchauffement climatique à 1,5°C, le gouvernement français a adopté l'objectif de zéro émission nette de gaz à effet de serre d'ici 2050. Le principal gaz à effet de serre étant le dioxyde de carbone, et la plupart des émissions de CO2 étant dues à la combustion d'énergies fossiles, cette thèse porte sur l'atteinte de la neutralité carbone des émissions françaises de CO2 liées à l'énergie d'ici 2050. Cette thèse vise à étudier le rôle relatif des différentes options bas-carbone dans le secteur de l'énergie pour atteindre la neutralité carbone. Plus précisément, cette thèse étudie d'abord le secteur électrique français, d'abord dans un système entièrement renouvelable, et ensuite dans un en intégrant d'autres options d'atténuation, c'est-à-dire l'énergie nucléaire et la capture et le stockage du carbone. J'étudie l'impact des incertitudes liées au développement des coûts des énergies renouvelables et des options de stockage et j'aborde la question de la robustesse d'un système électrique entièrement renouvelable face aux incertitudes liées aux coûts. Plus tard, en ajoutant d'autres options bas-carbone dans le secteur de l'électricité, j'analyse le rôle relatif des différentes options. De même, pour encourager les investissements dans des sources d'énergie renouvelables telles que l'énergie éolienne et solaire, j’étudie le risque d'investissement lié à la volatilité des prix et des volumes des technologies d'électricité renouvelable, et les performances de différents régimes de soutien publique. L'analyse de cette thèse va au-delà du système électrique et considère également l'ensemble du système énergétique en présence d'un couplage sectoriel. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai développé une famille de modèles d'optimisation de l’investissement et du fonctionnement pour répondre à différentes questions concernant la transition énergétique française. Ces modèles minimisent le coût du système considéré (système électrique ou système énergétique dans son ensemble) en satisfaisant l'équilibre offre/demande à chaque heure pendant au moins un an, en respectant les principales contraintes techniques et opérationnelles et liées aux ressources et à l'usage des sols. Ainsi, la variabilité à court et à long terme des énergies renouvelables est prise en compte. En utilisant ces modèles, je réponds aux questions soulevées ci-dessus. Ces modèles ne sont pas utilisés pour trouver une seule solution optimale, mais plusieurs solutions optimales en fonction de différents scénarios de conditions météorologiques, de coûts, de demande énergétique et de disponibilité des technologies. Par conséquent, l'importance de la robustesse face aux incertitudes est au centre de la méthodologie utilisée, ainsi que l'optimalité. Les résultats de ma thèse montrent que les sources d’énergie renouvelable sont les principaux facilitateurs de la transition énergétique, non-seulement dans le système électrique mais aussi dans l'ensemble du système énergétique. Bien que l'élimination de l'énergie nucléaire n'augmente que marginalement le coût d'un système énergétique neutre en carbone, l'élimination des énergies renouvelables est associée à des inefficacités élevées tant du point de vue des coûts que des émissions. En fait, si le gaz renouvelable n'est pas disponible, même un coût social du carbone de 500 €/tCO2 ne suffira pas pour atteindre la neutralité carbone. Cela est dû en partie aux émissions négatives qu'il peut produire avec le captage et le stockage du carbone, et en partie à la rentabilité des moteurs à combustion interne alimentés au gaz renouvelable. Le message central de cette thèse est que pour atteindre la neutralité carbone au moindre coût, il faut un système d'énergie largement renouvelable. Par conséquent, si nous voulons donner la priorité aux investissements dans les options à faible émission de carbone, les technologies de gaz et d'électricité renouvelables sont de la plus haute importance
To stay in line with 1.5°C of global warming, the French government has adopted the target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The main greenhouse gas being carbon dioxide, and the majority of its emissions being due to energy combustion, this dissertation focuses on reaching carbon-neutrality in French energy-related CO2 emissions by 2050. This thesis dissertation aims to study the relative role of different low-carbon mitigation options in the energy sector in reaching carbon-neutrality. More precisely, this thesis first studies the French power sector, first in a fully renewable power system, and second in a power system containing other mitigation options i.e. nuclear energy and carbon capture and storage. I study the impact of uncertainties related to cost development of renewables and storage options and address the robustness of a fully renewable power system to cost uncertainties. Later, adding other low-carbon mitigation options in the power sector, I analyze the relative role of different low-carbon options. Similarly, to incentivize the investments in variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, I study the investment risk related to the price and volume volatility of renewable electricity technologies, and the performance of different public policy support schemes. The analysis in this thesis goes beyond the electricity system and it also considers the whole energy system in the presence of sector-coupling. During this thesis, I have developed a family of models optimizing dispatch and investment to answer different questions regarding the French energy transition. These models minimize the cost of the considered system (electricity system or the whole energy system) by satisfying the supply/demand equilibrium at each hour over at least one year, respecting the main technical and operational, resource related and land-use constraints. Thus, both short-term and long-term variability of renewable energy sources are taken into account. Using these models, I address the questions raised above. These models are not used to find a single optimal solution, but several optimal solutions depending on different weather, cost, energy demand and technology availability scenarios. Therefore, the importance of robustness to the uncertainties is at the center of the used methodology beside optimality. The findings of my thesis show that renewable energy supply sources are the main enablers of reaching carbon neutrality in a cost-effective way, no matter the considered energy system; either only electricity or the whole energy system. While the elimination of nuclear power barely increases the cost of a carbon-neutral energy system, the elimination of renewables is associated with high inefficiencies both from the cost and emission points of view. In fact, if renewable gas is not available, even a social cost of carbon of €500/tCO2 will not be enough to reach carbon-neutrality. This is partially due to the negative emissions that it can provide once combined with carbon capture and storage, and partially due to the cost-optimality of renewable gas-fired internal combustion engines in reaching carbon-neutrality in the transport sector. This dissertation has several important policy-related messages; however, the central one is that reaching carbon-neutrality for the lowest cost requires a highly renewable energy system. Therefore, if we are to prioritize investment in low-carbon options, renewable gas and electricity technologies are of the highest importance

This chapter provides a concise introduction and overview of water law and policy in India. It examines the overall regulatory framework governing water, from the constitutional provisions to the diverse sectoral laws, policies and administrative directions that make up water law. It also introduces some of the basic concepts, such as water rights, the right to water, state control, and public trust. It then analyses general developments over the past couple of decades in terms of policy reforms (water sector reforms) and water law reforms.

AbstractThe boom ended in 2007. Although export growth slowed down as early as 2000, that trend was not very serious for the economy because the growth of net foreign earnings did not slow down, due to the changing sectoral composition of exports. The growth of net foreign earnings slowed down eventually in 2005, primarily because foreign-owned manufacturing companies stopped growing. This would probably have brought an end to the boom in the economy were it not for the housing boom. The housing boom and its associated financial inflows kept the economic boom going for another couple of years. The housing boom ended in the collapse of the construction sector and ultimately the banks, with disastrous consequences for the economy. The Irish housing boom and slump was not a unique occurrence involving uniquely aberrant behaviour since other housing booms and slumps had occurred in many countries. However, the Irish case had more severe consequences than most such booms, partly because the Irish housing boom lasted so long and partly because a major international recession and financial crisis exacerbated the consequences of Ireland’s housing boom.

Abstract Financial law is a vast, complex, and fast-moving subject, of which this book merely sketches the outlines. But the book does suggest a couple of simple conclusions. The fi rst is the need to respond to sectoral convergence. The second is the further need to assess critically the success of judicial and statutory regulation in protecting the risk taker. The book closes with a note on fi nancial law and imagination.

Since the emergence and diffusion of regional and global value chains, production-chain development has always played a key role in shaping countries’ structural transformation. Over the years, the geographical breadth, length, and depth of these chains have changed significantly. Building on the catching-up experience of South Korea and China, this chapter investigates the conditions and processes under which today’s catching-up economies can benefit from integrating into global value chains (GVCs). The chapter empirically documents how successful catching-up has been associated with an ‘in-out-in’ industrialization process of GVC integration, where countries first ‘couple’ by entering GVCs in low value-added segments, then ‘decouple’ by building domestic supply chains and upgrading existing local capabilities, and finally ‘recouple’ by performing high value-addition activities in GVCs. The chapter also assesses the extent to which middle-income countries like South Africa have managed to increase their sectoral value addition in this global production settlement over the last two decades. The chapter finds that today’s middle-income countries have experienced different fortunes at the country and sectoral level when it comes to increasing domestic value addition. The chapter concludes by reflecting on possible future scenarios arising in the post-Covid-19 international context and the emergence of potential new industrialization models.

In this chapter, the authors describe the essential need of mental health and psychosocial support for people accommodated in mandatory quarantine and isolation facilities during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia through a multi-sectoral response. Namibia recorded its first two index cases on 13 March 2020 when a married couple arrived in the Windhoek district in Namibia from Madrid, Spain on 11 March 2020. Namibia has since March 2020 provided supervised quarantine services to 12,128 persons in facilities around the country. The Ministry of Health and Social Services provides mental health and psychosocial support services, which were critical in the short and long-term response to COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures were developed in line with WHO guidelines to contain the virus. These measures include the need of setting up quarantine and isolation facilities. Recommendations for future research in strengthening mental health and psychosocial support services and coping strategies are provided in the chapter.

Millions of people around the world do not have access to adequate sanitation facilities, undermining progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6.2 that calls for adequate and equitable sanitation for all. Efforts to improve sanitation outcomes have been rapidly accelerated in the past decade alongside an expansion of different financial incentives or subsidies to promote access to services and motivate sanitation behaviour. In parallel, social protection has become part and parcel of development policy, with many low- and middle-income countries now offering some form of cash transfers to those most vulnerable. Comprehensive interventions that couple financial transfers with complementary support such as behaviour change communication, training, or coaching have also grown increasingly popular. Despite similarities between water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) subsidy schemes and social protection interventions, these policy areas have largely developed in silos and limited cross-sectoral learning has taken place. This paper begins to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the potential for comprehensive social protection in addressing sanitation outcomes and drawing out policy implications for the social protection and WASH communities. It does so by focusing on a social protection programme in the context of extreme poverty in rural Haiti.