Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Country life – England – Dorset"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Country life – England – Dorset"
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Ibraimi Memeti, Suzana. "TESS, VICTIM OF HYPOCRICY TESS OF THE d’URBERVILLES, THOMAS HARDY". Knowledge International Journal 28, n. 7 (10 dicembre 2018): 2379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28072379s.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thomas Hardy is distinguished by his contemporaries for the fact that the subjects of his novels are taken from the rural environment in the agricultural region south of England. He calls his homeland Dorset, Wessex, in memory of former King Alfred the Great. Themes and subjects of his novels are attractive and dominant. In all of his most popular novels, Hardy describes, outlines, and portrays human beings who are faced with powerful attacks of devastating and mysterious forces. He was a serious novelist who sought to present the view of life throughout a novel. Frequently, his themes and subjects mix with the sequence of events that have extreme and fatal consequences, while he rarely fails to inspire the reader with his deep mercy to the characters who suffer in their live; he often cannot afford to reach the highest degree of tragic element. The author sends an indictment to his time: he firmly rejects the duality of morality according to which the behavior of a man and the behavior of a woman is differently estimated. Thomas Hardy’s world as a writer is completely realistic, even transparent because he is a rare master of description of the environment. His characters are creatures of their environment, presented in their mutual relationships, often with sharp psychological observations. “Tess of the d’Urbervilles” is based on a familiar motif, that of a fallen woman, where Tess represents the prejudices of the Victorian society. In the novel, Hardy portrays an innocent poor girl of a country, a victim of the combined forces of Victorian patriarchal society, of the hypocrisy of social prejudice and gender inequality, which shows his deep sympathy for Tessa, the protagonist of the novel, a symbol of women devastated without mercy in a world dominated by males. He shows that Tess is an example of the devastating effect of society's pressures on a pure girl, and that Angel and Alec are personifications of destructive attitudes towards women.
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Ibraimi Memeti, Suzana. "TESS, VICTIM OF HYPOCRICY TESS OF THE d’URBERVILLES, THOMAS HARDY". Knowledge International Journal 28, n. 7 (10 dicembre 2018): 2379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij29082379s.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thomas Hardy is distinguished by his contemporaries for the fact that the subjects of his novels are taken from the rural environment in the agricultural region south of England. He calls his homeland Dorset, Wessex, in memory of former King Alfred the Great. Themes and subjects of his novels are attractive and dominant. In all of his most popular novels, Hardy describes, outlines, and portrays human beings who are faced with powerful attacks of devastating and mysterious forces. He was a serious novelist who sought to present the view of life throughout a novel. Frequently, his themes and subjects mix with the sequence of events that have extreme and fatal consequences, while he rarely fails to inspire the reader with his deep mercy to the characters who suffer in their live; he often cannot afford to reach the highest degree of tragic element. The author sends an indictment to his time: he firmly rejects the duality of morality according to which the behavior of a man and the behavior of a woman is differently estimated. Thomas Hardy’s world as a writer is completely realistic, even transparent because he is a rare master of description of the environment. His characters are creatures of their environment, presented in their mutual relationships, often with sharp psychological observations. “Tess of the d’Urbervilles” is based on a familiar motif, that of a fallen woman, where Tess represents the prejudices of the Victorian society. In the novel, Hardy portrays an innocent poor girl of a country, a victim of the combined forces of Victorian patriarchal society, of the hypocrisy of social prejudice and gender inequality, which shows his deep sympathy for Tessa, the protagonist of the novel, a symbol of women devastated without mercy in a world dominated by males. He shows that Tess is an example of the devastating effect of society's pressures on a pure girl, and that Angel and Alec are personifications of destructive attitudes towards women.
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Hart, Malcolm B., Gloria Arratia, Chris Moore e Benjamin J. Ciotti. "Life and death in the Jurassic seas of Dorset, Southern England". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 131, n. 6 (dicembre 2020): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2020.03.009.
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Radley, John. "Lost & Found: 242. Molluscs and bioclastic limestones from the Wealden Group (Lower Cretaceous) of Dorset, southern England". Geological Curator 6, n. 6 (ottobre 1996): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc522.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
John Radley, Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 IRL, U.K. writes; The non-marine Wealden Group of the Dorset Coast is poorly fossiliferous. However earlier published accounts indicate the local presence of unionacean bivalves in the alluvial Wessex Formation, and bioclastic limestones ('coquinas') in the overlying Vectis Formation (e.g. Arkel 1947, Geology of the country around Weymouth, Swanage, Corfe and Lulworth. Memoir of the British Geological Survey). I would be interested to know of relevant material, in museum, university or private collections....
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Mingay, G. E., e Howard Newby. "Country Life: A Social History of Rural England." Economic History Review 41, n. 2 (maggio 1988): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596066.
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Bohstedt, John, e Howard Newby. "Country Life: A Social History of Rural England". American Historical Review 94, n. 4 (ottobre 1989): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906665.
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Wood, Curtis W., e Howard Newby. "Country Life: A Social History of Rural England". History Teacher 21, n. 1 (novembre 1987): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/492832.
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Winter, Michael. "Country life: a social history of rural England". Journal of Rural Studies 5, n. 1 (gennaio 1989): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(89)90025-9.
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Anderson, Virginia DeJohn, e Frank Thistlethwaite. "Dorset Pilgrims: The Story of West Country Pilgrims Who Went to New England in the 17th Century." Journal of American History 77, n. 3 (dicembre 1990): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2079018.
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Steiner, Bruce E., e Frank Thistlethwaite. "Dorset Pilgrims: The Story of West Country Pilgrims Who Went to New England in the Seventeenth Century". New England Quarterly 64, n. 2 (giugno 1991): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/366131.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Country life – England – Dorset"
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Dillion, Jacqueline M. "Thomas Hardy : folklore and resistance". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5156.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines a range of folkloric customs and beliefs that play a pivotal role in Hardy's fiction: overlooking, sympathetic magic, hag-riding, tree ‘totemism', skimmington-riding, bonfire nights, mumming, May Day celebrations, Midsummer divination, and the ‘Portland Custom'. For each of these, it offers a background survey bringing the customs or beliefs forward in time into Victorian Dorset, and examines how they have been represented in written texts – in literature, newspapers, county histories, folklore books, the work of the Folklore Society, archival documents, and letters – in the context of Hardy's repeated insistence on the authenticity of his own accounts of these traditions. In doing so, the thesis both explores Hardy's work, primarily his prose fiction, as a means to understand the ‘folklore' (a word coined in the decade of Hardy's birth) of southwestern England, and at the same time reconsiders the novels in the light of the folkloric elements. The thesis also argues that Hardy treats folklore in dynamic ways that open up more questions and tensions than many of his contemporaries chose to recognise. Hardy portrays folkloric custom and belief from the perspective of one who has lived and moved within ‘folk culture', but he also distances himself (or his narrators) by commenting on folkloric material in contemporary anthropological terms that serve to destabilize a fixed (author)itative narrative voice. The interplay between the two perspectives, coupled with Hardy's commitment to showing folk culture in flux, demonstrates his continuing resistance to what he viewed as the reductive ways of thinking about folklore adopted by prominent folklorists (and personal friends) such as Edward Clodd, Andrew Lang, and James Frazer. This thesis seeks to explore these tensions and to show how Hardy's efforts to resist what he described as ‘excellently neat' answers open up wider cultural questions about the nature of belief, progress, and change.
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Nasstrom, Heidi. ""Live in the country with faith" Jane and Ralph Whitehead, the Simple Life Movement, and Arts and Crafts in the United States, England, and on the continent, 1870-1930 /". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of American Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Ganev, Robin. "Popular ballads and rural identity in Britain, 1700-1830 /". 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in History.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 312-337). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99170
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Tyler, John. "A Pragmatic Standard of Legal Validity". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law.
These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism.
In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method.
This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior.
The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent.
The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will.
Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil.
Libri sul tema "Country life – England – Dorset"
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Trevarthen, Mike. Suburban life in Roman Durnovaria: Excavations at the former County Hospital site, Dorchester, Dorset 2000-2001. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology, 2008.
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Cusk, Rachel. The country life. London: Picador, 1998.
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Larkin, Jack. The New England country tavern. Sturbridge, Mass: Old Sturbridge, 2000.
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Cusk, Rachel. The country life. London: Picador, 1997.
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Cusk, Rachel. The country life. New York: Picador USA, 1999.
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Cusk, Rachel. The country life. New York: Picador USA, 1999.
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Cusk, Rachel. The country life. New York: Picador USA, 1997.
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Cheek, Mavis. Mrs Fytton's country life. London: Faber, 2001.
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Cheek, Mavis. Mrs. Fytton's country life. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001.
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Cheek, Mavis. Mrs Fytton's country life. London: Faber, 2000.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Country life – England – Dorset"
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Hinckley, Jane. "Stoke Abbott, Dorset, Bastardy Papers (1780–1820)". In Family Life in England and America, 1690–1820, 287–300. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113058-52.
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McDonald, Russ. "Town and Country: Life in Shakespeare’s England". In The Bedford Companion to Shakespeare, 221–50. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13753-4_8.
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Millgate, Michael. "Hardys and Hands". In Thomas Hardy, A Biography Revisited, 7–27. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199275656.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Thomas Hardy is unique among English writers in achieving recognition both as a major novelist and as a major poet. He is also exceptional in his combination of a self-consciously ‘modern ‘ cast of thought with an intense, apparently paradoxical, preoccupation with the personal, local, and national past. Born in 1840 to humble parents in an out of the way corner of the English countryside, he lived and wrote into his eighty-eighth year, registering with extraordinary sensitivity and precision, in both prose and verse, the historic changes that swept over England, and especially over his native Dorset, during the course of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. At the end of a life that had spanned the Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny, the South African War, and the First World War, it was still the Napoleonic period, prior to his own birth, that chiefly haunted his imagination. In 1919 he saw time as stretching back into the past ‘like a railway line covered with a blue haze, and it goes uphill till 1900 and then it goes over the hill and disappears till about the middle of the century, and then it rises again up to about 1800, and then it disappears altogether ‘.¹ Four years later T. E. Lawrence, writing to Robert Graves, described Hardy as being ‘so far-away. Napoleon is a real man to him, and the country of Dorsetshire echoes that name everywhere in Hardy ‘s ears. He lives in his period, and thinks of it as the great war. ‘²
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Solt, Leo F. "The Laudian Counter-Reformation". In Church and State in Early Modern England, 1509–1640, 164–205. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195059793.003.0005.
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Abstract The Synod of Dort had rejected the Arminian Remonstrants in 1619. But a number of English clergymen like John Hales, who “bade John Calvin ‘good night,” welcomed the Arminianism which had been slowly growing ever since Whitgift’s attempt to check loose Calvinism at the Lambeth Conference. In the 1630s, adherents to Arminianism held-besides “all the best bishoprics and deaneries in England”-views about free will and good works that led Puritans to fear a doctrinal return to the Thomistic synthesis of the Catholic Church.
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Abbott, Mary. "Advice to the country housewife of the sixteenth century". In Life Cycles in England 1560–1720, 179. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003071419-22.
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"‘Prophet in his own country’: The early life of St Dunstan". In The Making of England. I.B.Tauris, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350988897.ch-010.
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Thomas, (Philip) Edward. "British Country Life in Spring and Summer". In Edward Thomas: Prose Writings: A Selected Edition, Vol. 2: England and Wales, a cura di Guy Cuthbertson e Lucy Newlyn. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00284370.
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Thomas, (Philip) Edward. "British Country Life in Autumn and Winter". In Edward Thomas: Prose Writings: A Selected Edition, Vol. 2: England and Wales, a cura di Guy Cuthbertson e Lucy Newlyn. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00284371.
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Thirsk, Joan. "Daily life in town and country". In Shakespeare, 103–13. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199245222.003.0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter aims to give a picture of everyday life in Shakespeare’s England. Any one of us going back in time would at first be struck by the familiarity of the scene, showing people doing the same things as us, getting up, snatching food before going about their daily tasks, talking with others along the road, muttering all the stock phrases and cliches in hurried conversations, switching from one mood to another, complaining, arguing, laughing and joking, pondering thoughtfully on life in general, and sharing deep sorrows in death. But we would also soon notice behind the many basic similarities in these doings a host of different assumptions.
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"4: A Literature of Labor: Poetic Images of Country Life". In Women Peasant Poets in Eighteenth-Century England, Scotland, and Germany, 160–93. Boydell and Brewer, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781571136282-007.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Country life – England – Dorset"
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Togawa, Satoshi, Akiko Kondo e Kazuhide Kanenishi. "Designing a Learning History Storing Framework with Blockchain Technology for Against Multi Hazards". In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004304.
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On February 24, 2022, Russian forces began their invasion of Ukraine. As of May 2023, approximately 20% of Ukraine has been occupied by Russia, and the war is still ongoing. Conflicts and wars devastate many buildings, infrastructure, regional transportation networks, and telecommunications networks. The outbreak of war threatens the very existence of not only the occupied territories but also the nation itself. Obviously, this has a major impact on the continuity of social life itself.On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This declaration remained in effect until its termination on May 5, 2023. During this period, the pandemic caused global logistical outages and disrupted human interaction. The outbreak of infection caused by the pandemic restricted the ability of people to meet or talk directly with each other.Extreme weather events caused by climate change are becoming more frequent and more damaging every year. In July 2022, temperatures exceeding 40°C were observed in eastern England for the first time in recorded history. Abnormally high temperatures caused by heat waves lead to major fires in the region. The largest wildfire in southwestern France burned more than 19,000 hectares of land. It is reported that more than 34,000 residents were evacuated.Whatever the cause, natural disasters or conflicts, they generally have a significant impact on the lives of citizens and social activities. The impacts are long-lasting. Depending on the type of disaster, the disaster recovery frameworks that have been effective in the past may not work in some situations.In the field of higher education, such as university education, the use of learning analysis, which aims to clarify learners' learning behavior based on their learning history, is being actively pursued. Learning histories are stored in public clouds such as Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud Platform, and are protected by the large-scale disaster recovery mechanism of cloud storage. However, the outbreak of war or regional conflict, or the occurrence of a disaster that threatens the survival of a country itself, makes it difficult to provide public cloud services, which are merely private commercial services. We must ensure that the learning history of learners, which cannot be recovered once it is lost, is stored and maintained even in multi-hazard situations.In this study, we construct a learning history storing framework that applies blockchain technology in order to store and maintain learners' learning history even in multi-hazard situations. By applying the decentralized and autonomous nature of blockchain technology, the learning history can be maintained and restored even in the event of a functional failure or data loss of information communication networks or data centers due to a disaster. In this presentation, we describe the design of a blockchain mechanism for learning history retention and describe a learning history retention mechanism linked to an existing Learning Management System. The design and effectiveness of the prototype system implemented for validation are also described.
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Науменкова, Е. О. "London in the of Russian Travelers’ Writings of the Second Half of the XIXth Century". In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Статья посвящена репрезентациям Лондона и ее жителей в травелогах, дневниках, мемуарах, брошюрах, отчетах русских путешественников второй половины XIX в. Благоприятные условия для путешествия за границу появились с вступлением на престол Александра II и началом «оттепели». Определенная часть российского общества открыто восхищалась Англией и считала ее своеобразным идеалом, с которого России стоит брать пример в модернизации страны. К примеру, князь Мещерский был отправлен в Лондон изучить полицейскую систему Британии. Интересны очерки М. И. Зарудного, М. Л. Михайлова, А. Забелина. Особый интерес представляют заметки в записной книжке путешественника Н. П. Кравченко, бывшего в Лондоне проездом. Следует обратить внимание на литературно обработанные впечатления русского писателя И. А. Гончарова. По облику столицы путешественники формировали образ нации и государства. Русских современников восхищала архитектура, технические новинки, разнообразие музеев, парков, развитие общественного транспорта, огромный выбор гостиниц и заведений питания, что говорило об удобстве и комфорте городской жизни. Несмотря на все перечисленное, отечественные путешественники не полюбили Лондон. Отчасти это объяснялось пасмурной погодой, шумным городским движением, обилием мошенников и очень высокими ценами, особенно для русских туристов. Искреннее изумление вызывала нищета части населения «мастерской мира». Поэтому, несмотря на англоманию, распространенную в России, столица Британии не стала для них «своей», подобно Парижу или Берлину, в которые хотелось бы вернуться. The article is devoted to the representations of London and its inhabitants in travelogues, diaries, memoirs, pamphlets, reports of Russian travelers of the second half of the XIXth century. Favorable conditions for traveling abroad appeared with the accession to the throne of Alexander II and the beginning of the "thaw". A certain part of Russian society openly admired England and considered it a kind of ideal which Russia should take an example of in the modernization of the country. For example, Prince Meshchersky was sent to London to study the British police system. The essays of M. I. Zarudny, M. L. Mikhailov, A. Zabelin are interesting. Of particular interest are the notes in the notebook of the traveler N. P. Kravchenko, who was passing through London. It is necessary to pay attention to the literary impressions of the Russian writer I. A. Goncharov. By the appearance of the capital did travelers form the image of the nation and the state. Russian contemporaries admired architecture, technical innovations, a variety of museums, parks, the development of public transport, a huge selection of hotels and catering establishments, which allows us to talk about the convenience and comfort of urban life. Despite all of the above said, domestic travelers did not like Long-don. This was partly due to cloudy weather, noisy city traffic, an abundance of scammers and very high prices, especially for Russian tourists. Sincere amazement was caused by the poverty of a part of the population of the "workshop of the world". Therefore, despite the Anglomania being prevalent in Russia, the British capital did not become their own, like Paris or Berlin, to which they would like to return.
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Князев, П. Ю. "The Dutch Diplomat and Statesman HansWillem Bentinck (1649–1709) Through the Eyes of His Contemporaries". In Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
После «Славной революции» 1688–1689 гг. под управлением статхаудера Вильгельма III Оранского оказались не только северонидерландские области, но и территории композитарной Британской монархии; политическим влиянием по обе стороны Северного моря обладал фаворит Вильгельма – дипломат, военный и государственный деятель Ханс-Виллем Бентинк. Бентинк оставался в числе ближайших сподвижников Вильгельма: он внес вклад в организацию переворота 1688–1689 гг. и был щедро награжден – став в 1689 г. королем, Вильгельм пожаловал ему титул графа Портленда. Фаворит был нужен для особо сложных и деликатных поручений, а значит, навлекал на себя особое недовольство оппозиции. В статье проанализировано формирование образа Бентинка в сочинениях современников, главным образом в английских памфлетах конца XVII в. Показано, как образ «влиятельной фигуры» использовался в противостоянии властей и оппозиции на рубеже XVII–XVIII вв. Распространенное в публицистике осуждение фаворита за то, что он, действуя в интересах Вильгельма, оказывает услугу иностранной державе, – ключевая тема, которая позволяла аморфной «партии страны» укрепить своё единство. Казус Х. -В. Бентинка показывает, сколь непростым было положение в Англии рубежа XVII–XVIII вв. фаворита-иностранца. В то же время опыт нахождения Бентинка на высоких государственных постах был учтен англичанами еще при жизни фаворита: часть статей принятого в 1701 г. «Акта об устроении» могут рассматриваться в качестве одного из следствий этого опыта. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689, led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange, not only the Dutch republic, but the whole British composite Monarchy was under the control of the stadholder-king. Political influence on both sides of the North Sea was provided by William’s favorite and diplomat, military commander and statesman Hans-Willem Bentinck. Bentinck was consistently included into the circle of Wilhelm's associates: he contributed to the organization of the coup of 1688–1689 and was generously rewarded – after becoming King in 1689, William granted him the title of Earl of Portland. The favorite was given complex and delicate assignments, therefore he was confronted by the opposition. The article analyzes the images of Bentinck in the writings of his contemporaries, mainly in English pamphlets of the late 17th century. It is shown how the image of an "influential figure" was used in the confrontation between the authorities and the opposition at the turn of the XVIIth – XVIIIth centuries. The widespread condemnation of the favorite in pamphlets for the fact that, acting in the name of William III, he provided services to a foreign power, is a key theme that helped the amorphous “country party” to strengthen its unity. The case of Bentinck shows how complicated was the situation in England at the turn of the XVIIth – XVIIIth centuries. At the same time, the experience of Bentinck’s tenure of the highest government positions was taken into account by the English statesmen during the life of the favorite: part of the articles of 1701 Act of Settlement can be regarded as one of the consequences of this experience.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Country life – England – Dorset"
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Hunter, Fraser, e Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, settembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world