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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Cotton"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Cotton"

1

Ioelovich, Michael, e Alex Leykin. "Structural investigations of various cotton fibers and cotton celluloses". BioResources 3, n. 1 (12 gennaio 2008): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.3.1.170-177.

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Macro- and crystalline structure, as well as chemical composition of fibers related to various types and sorts of Israeli cottons, both white and naturally colored, were investigated. The differences in structural parameters and chemical compositions of the cotton fibers were eval-uated. Samples of cotton of the “Pima”-type had long, thin and strong fibers with highly ordered supermolecular structure. Fibers of middle-long and hybrid cottons had some lower-ordered structural organization in comparison to long-length cotton, while fibers of naturally colored cotton were characterized with disordered supermolecular and crystalline structure. Dependence of tensile strength on orientation of nano-fibrils towards the fiber axis was found. Conditions of cellulose isolation from the different cotton fibers were studied. Structural characteristics of isolated cotton celluloses and obtained MCC are discussed.

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2

Liu, Youngliang, e Christopher D. Delhom. "Effect of Instrumental Leaf Grade On HVI Micronaire Measurement In Commercial Cotton Bales". Journal of Cotton Science 22, n. 2 (2018): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/nuui3300.

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The high volume instrument (HVITM) instrumental leaf grade index has been accepted in both domestic and international cotton fiber trading. There is interest in how trash content in cotton samples impact the HVI measurements. In this investigation, HVI micronaire attribute was measured on commercial cotton bales representing instrumental leaf grade categories one to six, pre- and post- Shirley Analyzer (SA) cleaning process. The SA system was used since it is a traditional gravimetric cotton trash reference method, and also plays a role as a small-scale cotton trash cleaner. This study first examined the variations of five repeated HVI micronaire measurements within one pre-SA or post-SA cleaned cotton, and it revealed an insignificant effect of trash presence in high instrumental leaf grade cottons on HVI micronaire measurement repeatability. A comparison of HVI micronaire between pre-SA and post-SA cleaned cottons indicated a good agreement, suggesting minimal effect of cotton trash presence in commercial cottons on their HVI micronaire determination. Meanwhile, higher instrumental leaf grade cottons were observed to show lower micronaire values.

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3

SORO, Siofougowary Mariam, e N’guettia René YAO. "Effet de l’apport au sol de déchets issus de l’égrenage du coton graine sur l’humidité du sol et la production en coton graine au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire". Journal of Applied Biosciences 150 (30 giugno 2020): 15477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.150.8.

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Objectif : Pour tenter de réduire les effets de ces changements climatiques sur les productions, un apport au sol avant les mises en place des cultures de 12 t/ha de déchets de coton graine ou de compost associé à la moitié de la dose d’engrais minéral recommandée (200 kg/ha de NPK + 50 kg/ha d’urée) a permis d’améliorer l’humidité du sol sans aucun effet sur l’eau utile du sol. L’apport de déchets de coton graine ou de compost a permis aussi d’améliorer le nombre de capsules par plante, le nombre de capsules mûres récoltées, la qualité sanitaire des capsules mûres et surtout le rendement en coton graine. Conclusion : L’apport de 12 tonnes/ha de déchets de coton graine associés à de l’engrais chimique à la dose de 100 kg/ha de NPK et 25 kg/ha d’urée constituent un niveau optimum d’utilisation des déchets de coton graine en coton culture. Mots clés : Déchets de Coton graine, Humidité du sol, Rendement du cotonnier, Côte d’Ivoire. Effect of ginned cotton-seed waste application to the ground on soil moisture and cotton yield in northern Côte d'Ivoire ABSTRACT Objective: In an attempt to reduce the effects of climate change on production, an application to the ground prior to the establishment of 12 t/ha of ginned seed cotton waste associated with half of the recommended mineral fertilizer dose (200 kg/ha of NPK + 50 kg/ha of urea) improved soil moisture without any effect on the soil available water capacity. The supply of seed cotton waste or compost has also improved the number of capsules/plant, the number of mature capsules harvested, the sanitary quality of mature capsules and, above all, the yield in seed cotton. Conclusion: The supply of 12 tons/ha of seed cotton waste associated with chemical fertilizer at the dose of 100 kg/ha of NPK and 25 kg/ha of urea constitutes an optimum level of use of cotton seed waste in cotton farming. Keywords: Seed Cotton Waste, Soil Moisture, Cotton Yield, Ivory Coast.

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4

Lei, Z., T. X. Liu e S. M. Greenberg. "Feeding, oviposition and survival of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Bt and non-Bt cottons". Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, n. 3 (8 ottobre 2008): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308006317.

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AbstractThe effects of Bt transgenic cottons (Bt-I expressing cry1Ac and Bt-II expressing cry1Ab and cry2Ab or cry1Ab and cry1Fa) and non-Bt cottons on feeding, oviposition and longevity of adults, and development and survival of Liriomyza trifolii larvae were studied under laboratory conditions; and infestation on four Bt and two non-Bt cotton traits were investigated under field conditions. Laboratory choice and no-choice tests showed that L. trifolii adults were capable of distinguishing between Bt cottons and non-Bt cottons. In a choice test on younger plants (4–5 leaves), the adults were found more often and made more feeding punctures (FP) on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons. On older plants (8–9 leaves), adults made the most FP on non-Bt cotton followed by those on Bt-II cottons and the least on Bt-I cotton. The females oviposited more eggs (6.7 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (1.7 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (0.8 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and oviposited similar numbers of eggs (0.7–1.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. In a no-choice test, the females also fed more FP on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons on both younger and older plants. The females oviposited more eggs (15.6 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (8.2 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (6.5 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and similar numbers of eggs (2.5–3.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. Larval and puparial survivals were not different among Bt and non-Bt cottons. The occurrence and damage of leafminers on cottons in the field showed that L. trifolii infested more plants and leaves and had more mines on non-Bt cotton than on Bt cottons.

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5

Perkins, Henry H. "Spin Finishes for Cotton". Textile Research Journal 58, n. 3 (marzo 1988): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800308.

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Cotton has an exceptional natural finish, but under adverse conditions of weathering, this finish may deteriorate to the extent that processing quality is altered. Changing technologies involving higher processing speeds and new spinning systems have placed increased demands on the fiber properties of all cottons. Spin finishes could reasonably improve the processing qualities of both damaged cottons and cottons in general. The history of effective finish usage (additives) in both ginning and textile processing of cotton has been reviewed. Cottons harvested both before and after significant weathering in the Mississippi Delta, with and without added finishes, were evaluated for spinning quality. The cottons harvested before and after weathering had similar traditional fiber properties of length, strength, and micronaire, but the weathered cottons were poorer in grade, color, and trash. The processing performance of the unweathered cottons was superior to that of the weathered cottons. A hydrocarbon plus surfactant additive improved the processing performance of the weathered cottons in relation to processing waste and dust generation, but did not improve spinning end breakage or yarn strength.

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6

Parker, C. D., V. J. Mascarenhas, R. G. Luttrell e K. Knighten. "Survival Rates of Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Exposed to Transgenic Cottons Expressing Insecticidal Protein of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner". Journal of Entomological Science 35, n. 2 (1 aprile 2000): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.2.105.

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The insecticidal activity of transgenic cottons expressing endotoxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt cotton) was quantified by measuring survival of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), larvae caged on different plant structures for varying lengths of exposure. Percentages of larvae surviving were measured on Bt cottons expressing Cry1Ab and CrylAc protein. Plant structure (terminal, leaf, square or boll) did not affect larval survival, and survival did not differ significantly between CrylAb and CrylAc cottons. Larvae exposed to Bt cotton for only 24 h had higher initial survival than larvae exposed for 48, 72 and 96 h. Larvae first exposed to Bt cotton at 4 d of age had higher survival than those first exposed as neonate or 2-d-old larvae. Survivorship of neonate and 4-d-old larvae exposed to CrylAc cotton was significantly reduced with only 48 h of exposure to the insecticidal plants. Seven-day-old larvae exhibited no significant reduction in survivorship with exposure to CrylAc cotton for 48 h.

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7

Brushwood, Donald E. "Effects of Heating on Chemical and Physical Properties and Processing Quality of Cotton". Textile Research Journal 58, n. 6 (giugno 1988): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800601.

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Abstract (sommario):

Optimum quality from cotton at the textile mill depends on the need for improvements in a number of handling areas. Processing and yarn quality problems sometimes occur through overdrying practices. Excessive heating of cotton causes discoloration (yellowing), reductions in strength, and increased fiber breakage. The severity of damage increases as exposure time and temperature increase. Chemical and physical tests were conducted on heated cottons of high, medium, and low Micronaires to determine changes that may affect cotton processability and overall quality. Mechanical processing of cotton immediately after heating (at reduced moisture levels) had a greater adverse effect on physical fiber properties than did mechanical processing after heating and allowing time for moisture regain. Compared to yarn from unheated cottons, yarns from heated cottons had increased levels of neps and reduced strength and uniformity.

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8

Agalati, Barnabé, e Pamphile Degla. "Effet des coûts de transaction sur la performance économique et l’adoption du coton biologique au Centre et Nord du Bénin". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, n. 4 (17 agosto 2020): 1416–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.20.

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Abstract (sommario):

Face au défi de la dégradation de l’environnement et des problèmes sanitaires liés à la production du coton conventionnel au Bénin, la production du coton biologique initiée depuis quelques décennies peine à se développer. Cet article s’intéresse à l’analyse de l’effet des coûts de transaction (CT) sur la performance économique et l’adoption du coton biologique au Centre et au Nord du Bénin. Basée sur un échantillon aléatoire de 408 producteurs dont 168 adoptants du coton biologique, l’étude a utilisé l’approche d’estimation des CT, la régression logistique et le test t de Student pour l’analyse des données. Les résultats montrent que les CT, plus élevés dans le système du coton biologique réduisent considérablement la performance économique de ce système et affectent négativement la probabilité de son adoption. Outre cet effet, il ressort également l’influence négative d’autres facteurs tels que le sexe, le niveau de rendement, la distance domicile-exploitation, le nombre d’années d’expérience dans la production cotonnière et le mode de faire valoir direct sur l’adoption du coton biologique. La formation technique dans la production du coton biologique et la situation géographique exercent par contre une influence positive sur l’adoption du coton biologique.Mots clés : Déterminants, système de production, économie néo-institutionnelle, agriculture biologique English Title: Effect of transaction costs on the economic performance and the adoption of organic cotton in central and northern Benin Regarding the environmental degradation challenge and health problems due to the production of conventional cotton in Benin, organic cotton production initiated several decades ago is struggling to develop. This paper focuses on analyzing the effect of transaction costs on the economic performance and the adoption of organic cotton in central and northern Benin. The study is based on a random sample of 408 producers, including 168 adopters of organic cotton. The transaction costs estimation approach, the logistic regression and the Student's t-test were used for data analysis. The results show that the high transaction costs in the organic cotton system significantly reduce the economic performance of this system and negatively affect the probability of adoption of organic cotton. In addition, there is the negative influence of other factors such as gender, the level of yield, the distance from home to farm, the years of experience in cotton production as well as the direct tenure mode in the adoption of organic cotton. On the other side, technical training in the production of organic cotton and the geographic location have a positive influence on the adoption of organic cotton.Keywords: Determinants, production system, new institutional economics, organic production.

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9

Allen, Luttrell, Little, Parys e Perera. "Response of Bt and Non-Bt Cottons to High Infestations of Bollworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) and Tobacco Budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)) under Sprayed and Unsprayed Conditions". Agronomy 9, n. 11 (15 novembre 2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110759.

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Abstract (sommario):

Early-maturing and full-season Bt and non-Bt cottons were exposed to high densities of tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens (F.)) and bollworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) in 0.04 ha field cages during the summers of 2011 and 2012 to measure the possible need for supplemental use of insecticides on Bt cotton. Fruit survival within-season and at-harvest was carefully mapped on individual plants within comparative plots of all cottons untreated and sprayed with lambda-cyhalothin (0.0448 kg a.i./ha) or chlorantraniliprole (0.1009 kg a.i./ha) following insect infestations. Differences in lint yields among cotton maturity groups were not always detected, but early-maturing Bt cottons were among the higher yielding experimental plots for both years. Depending on the insecticide treatment, average harvested fruit ranged from 0.3 to 7.1 open bolls per plant for non-Bt cotton plots, while Bt cotton plots ranged from 1.8 to 7.5 open bolls per plant during the two-year study. Bt cottons generally protected fruit from insect damage and resulted in final yields comparable to those of insecticide sprayed Bt and non-Bt cottons. Unsprayed non-Bt cottons were significantly damaged by insects in these high-infestation environments.

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10

Berni, R. J., P. E. Sasser, L. N. Domelsmith, H. H. Perkins e W. R. Goynes. "Chemical and Microscopical Analyses of Rained-on Cotton". Textile Research Journal 58, n. 9 (settembre 1988): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800904.

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Late season rains on the 1984 crop in the Mississippi Delta cotton-growing areas prompted increased research of this weathered cotton. Cotton Incorporated and USDA quickly noted the detrimental effects on quality caused by the heavy rains after boll opening in the fields. The cooperative research efforts reported here deal with the chemical and microscopical changes that occurred in these cottons, and analyses of selected ginned cotton are included.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Cotton"

1

Butler, G. D. Jr, T. J. Henneberry e J. K. Brown. "Cotton Leaf Crumple Disease of Pima Cotton". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204080.

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2

Gantsho, Vangile. "Red cotton". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7213.

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My collection of poetry is a deeply personal exploration of what it means to be black, queer, and woman in modern-day South Africa. I interrogate being non-conformist in both a traditional-cultural upbringing and a more liberal yet equally-oppressive urban socialisation. I question what we are taught about the body and the feminine sexual space, while also addressing the mother-daughter relationship as the first and most constant reference of womanhood. The collection moves fluidly between the erotic, the uncomfortable and grotesque, what is painful, and what is beautiful and longed-for. Working promiscuously across forms, I employ prose poetry, interspersed with lyrical interludes, in an attempt at a narrative effect similar to what Claudia Rankine achieves in Don't Let Me Be Lonely. I also draw from writers such as Calixthe Beyala (Your Name Shall Be Tanga), and Janice Lee (Damnation), as well as sex guides, women's blogs, and feminist poetry.

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3

Wilson, F. Douglas, Judith K. Brown e G. D. Jr Butler. "Natural Resistance of Cotton to Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204556.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cultivars and germplasm lines of cotton, Gossvpium hirsutum L., differed in response to infection by the cotton leaf crumple virus (CLCV). The most widely grown cultivars in Arizona and southern California, 'Deltapine 90' and 'Deltapine 61', are susceptible, while ' Cedix', developed in El Salvador, and 'Coral', developed in Nicaragua, are highly resistant or immune. Nineteen other lines from a resistance breeding project in Nicaragua showed highly variable responses.

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4

Nadeem, Athar, Zhongguo Xiong e Merritt Nelson. "Cotton Leaf Curl Virus, A Threat to Arizona Cotton?" College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210328.

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A serious virus disease of cotton in Pakistan is distantly related to cotton leaf crumple in Arizona. It is much more destructive on cotton than leaf crumple, and has never been found in the western hemisphere. Cotton leaf crumple in Arizona causes only modestly damaging midseason infections, while leaf curl, has had a major impact on the crop in Pakistan. Modern transportation and the increasing movement of living plants in global trade has resulted in them recent introduction of a similar disease of another crop to the western hemisphere.

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5

Mekala, Diwakar Karthik. "Screening upland cotton for resistance to cotton fleahopper (Heteroptera: Miridae)". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1071.

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop maturity is delayed by cotton fleahopper (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter) (fleahopper) feeding on early-season fruit forms which increases vulnerability to late-season pests such as Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius). The objectives of this research were to evaluate methods of screening for resistance to fleahopper and to screen selected genotypes. Six fleahoppers were caged on plants in the insectary for 72 h. Numbers of live fleahoppers and percent square damage were determined 48 h following the removal of fleahoppers. Fleahopper numbers and percent square set were determined on randomly selected plants of 16 genotypes when grown under field conditions in 2002 and 2003. Across multiple sampling dates, the number of fleahoppers per plant was higher (p=0.05) in G. arboreum and Pilose (G. hirsutum), but no consistent differences were observed among the remaining 15 genotypes which represented several germplasm pools across the United States. Field and no-choice feeding tests suggested that Pilose, Lankart 142, Suregrow 747, and Stoneville 474 were more resistant hairy-leaf genotypes and not different (p=0.05) in resistance than the smooth-leaf genotypes, Deltapine 50 and TAM 96WD-69s. Pin-head, match-head, and one-third grown squares were removed from plants and placed on agar in petri-plates. Four fleahoppers were released per plate and allowed to feed for 48 h. Fleahopper damage, brown areas along the anthers and/or brown and shrunken pollen sacs was most evident in pin-head sized squares.

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6

Chu, Chang-chi, e Thomas J. Henneberry. "Irrigation Frequency and Cotton Yield in Short-Season Cotton Systems". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210315.

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We tested the hypothesis that small frequent irrigations during the July cotton peak fruiting stage would result in better fruiting and higher cotton yields than the same amount of water applied less frequently. Over three years under a short - season production system, irrigation intervals of every 5-d with 42 mm of water applied at each irrigation increased cotton lint yield by 5-11 % compared to irrigation intervals of 10- and 15-d with 80 and 130 mm of water applied at each irrigation, respectively. The results show that small, frequent furrow irrigations during cotton fruiting are highly effective in reducing water deficit during critical growth stages and improved lint production in a short - season cultural system. Soil salt content in the top 15 cm of soil was not increased after three years of study.

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7

Henneberry, T. J., D. L. Hendrix e H. H. Perkins. "Effects of Cotton Ginning and Lint Cleaning on Sticky Cotton". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210366.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ginning and lint cleaning effects on cotton stickiness were minimal but reduced amounts of trehalulose and reduced thermodetector counts occurred following each lint process Leaf trash from ginned seed cotton contained trehalulose and melezitose. Removal of leaf trash in ginning and lint cleaning probably accounts for some reduced lint stickiness.

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8

Torok, S. J., e W. E. Beach. "A Comparison of Selected Cotton Hedges for Arizona Cotton Producers". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219723.

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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.
Cotton options on futures began trading in the fall of 1984 offering Arizona cotton producers an alternative risk management tool. Advantages of hedging with cotton options include: limiting risk, preserving unlimited profit potential, providing increased marketing flexibility and greater liquidity. This study compared selected cotton option hedges utilizing mean net revenues and standard deviations. Also, computed premiums were calculated with a modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to identify a historical price volatility that consistently signaled favorable cotton option trades.

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9

McGinley, Susan. "Harvesting Cotton Stalks". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622348.

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10

Cottee, Nicola Sandra. "Thermotolerance of cotton". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5428.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Australian cotton industry has developed high yielding and high quality fibre production systems and attributes a significant contribution of this achievement to highly innovative breeding programs, specifically focused on the production of premium quality lint for the export market. Breeding programs have recently shifted attention to the development of new germplasm with superior stress tolerance to minimise yield losses attributed to adverse environmental conditions and inputs such as irrigation, fertilisers and pesticides. Various contributors to yield, such as physiology, biochemistry and gene expression have been implemented as screening tools for tolerance to high temperatures under growth cabinet and laboratory conditions but there has been little extension of these mechanisms to field based systems. This study evaluates tools for the identification of specific genotypic thermotolerance under field conditions using a multi-level ‘top down’ approach from crop to gene level. Field experiments were conducted in seasons 1 (2006) and 3 (2007) at Narrabri (Australia) and season 2 (2006) in Texas (The United States of America) and were supplemented by growth cabinet experiments to quantify cultivar differences in yield, physiology, biochemical function and gene expression under high temperatures. Whole plants were subjected to high temperatures in the field through the construction of Solarweave® tents and in the growth cabinet at a temperature of 42 oC. The effectiveness of these methods was then evaluated to establish a rapid and reliable screening tool for genotype specific thermotolerance that could potentially improve the efficiency of breeding programs and aid the development to high yielding cultivars for hot growing regions. Cotton cultivars Sicot 53 and Sicala 45 were evaluated for thermotolerance using crop level measurements (yield and fibre quality) and whole plant measurements (fruit retention) to determine the efficacy of these measurements as screening tools for thermotolerance under field conditions. Sicot 53 was selected as a relatively thermotolerant cultivar whereas Sicala 45 was selected as a cultivar with a lower relative thermotolerance and this assumption was made on the basis of yield in hot and cool environments under the CSIRO Australian cotton breeding program. Yield and fruit retention were lower under tents compared with ambient conditions in all 3 seasons. Yield and fruit retention were highly correlated in season 1 and were higher for Sicot 53 compared to Sicala 45 suggesting that fruit retention is a primary limitation to yield in a hot season. Thus yield and fruit retention are good indicators of thermotolerance in a hot season. Temperature treatment and cultivar differences were determined for fibre quality in seasons 1 and 3; however, quality exceeded the industry minimum thereby indicating that fibre quality is not a good determinant of thermotolerance. Physiological determinants of plant functionality such as photosynthesis, electron transport rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were determined for cultivars Sicot 53 and Sicala 45 under the tents and an index of these parameters was also analysed to determine overall plant physiological capacity in the field. Physiological capacity was also determined under high temperatures in the growth cabinet using a light response curve at various levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Photosynthesis and electron transport rate decreased, whilst stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased under the tents as well as under high temperatures in the growth cabinet. Photosynthesis and electron transport rate were higher for Sicot 53 but stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were higher for Sicala 45 under the tents. No cultivar differentiation was evident for plants grown under high temperatures in the growth cabinet. Temperature treatment and cultivar differences in physiological function were greater in a hot year (season 1), thereby indicating the importance of cultivar selection for thermotolerance in the presence of stress. Electron transport rate was correlated with yield in season 1, thus suggesting the suitability of this method for broad genotypic screening for thermotolerance under field conditions. Biochemical processes such as membrane integrity and enzyme viability were used to determine cultivar specific thermotolerance under high temperature stress in the laboratory, field and growth cabinet. Electrolyte leakage is an indicator of decreased membrane integrity and may be estimated by the relative electrical conductivity or relative cellular injury assays. The heat sensitivity of dehydrogenase activity, a proxy for cytochrome functionality and capacity for mitochondrial electron transport, may be quantified spectrophotometrically. Cellular membrane integrity and enzyme viability decreased sigmoidally with exposure to increasing temperatures in a water bath. Membrane integrity was higher for Sicot 53 compared with Sicala 45 under the tents and under high temperatures in the growth cabinet. No temperature treatment or cultivar differences were found for enzyme viability under the tents; however, enzyme viability for Sicala 45 was higher in the growth cabinet compared with Sicot 53. Relative electrical conductivity was strongly correlated with yield under ambient field conditions and under the tents, suggesting impairment of electron flow through photosynthetic and/or respiratory pathways, thus contributing to lower potential for ATP production and energy generation for yield contribution. Thus, the membrane integrity assay was considered to be a rapid and reliable tool for thermotolerance screening in cotton cultivars. Gene expression was examined for cultivars Sicot 53 and Sicala 45 grown under high (42 oC) temperatures in the growth cabinet. Rubisco activase expression was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and was decreased under high temperatures and was lower for Sicala 45 than Sicot 53. Maximum cultivar differentiation was found after 1.0 h exposure to high temperatures and hence, leaf tissue sampled from this time point was further analysed for global gene profiling using cDNA microarrays. Genes involved in metabolism, heat shock protein generation, electron flow and ATP generation were down-regulated under high temperatures in the growth cabinet and a greater number of genes were differentially expressed for Sicala 45, thereby indicating a higher level of heat stress and a greater requirement for mobilisation of protective and compensatory mechanisms compared with Sicot 53. Cultivar specific thermotolerance determination using gene profiling may be a useful tool for understanding the underlying basis of physiological and biochemical responses to high temperature stress in the growth cabinet. There is future opportunity for profiling genes associated with heat stress and heat tolerance for identification of key genes associated with superior cultivar performance under high temperature stress and characterisation of these genes under field conditions. This research has identified cultivar differences in yield under field conditions and has identified multiple physiological and biochemical pathways that may contribute to these differences. Future characterisation of genes associated with heat stress and heat tolerance under growth cabinet conditions may be extended to field conditions, thus providing the underlying basis of the response of cotton to high temperature stress. Electron transport rate and relative electrical conductivity were found to be rapid and reliable determinants of cultivar specific thermotolerance and hence may be extended to broad-spectrum screening of a range of cotton cultivars and species and under a range of abiotic stress. This will enable the identification of superior cotton cultivars for incorporation into local breeding programs for Australian and American cotton production systems.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Cotton"

1

Bajaj, Y. P. S., a cura di. Cotton. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80373-4.

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2

Fang, David D., e Richard G. Percy, a cura di. Cotton. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Crop Science Society of America, Inc., and Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr57.

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3

Kras, Sara Louise. Cotton. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2006.

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4

M, Brownstone David, a cura di. Cotton. Danbury, Conn: Grolier, 2003.

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5

Press, Nomad. Cotton. White River Junction, VT: Nomad Press, 2011.

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6

Bajaj, Y. P. S., 1936-, a cura di. Cotton. Berlin: Springer, 1998.

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7

Fry, John. Cotton. Washington, DC: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 2001.

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8

M, Munro John. Cotton. 2^a ed. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1987.

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9

Woodbridge, Renu Nagrath. Cotton. Ada, OK: Garrett Educational Corp., 1994.

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10

Schaefer, Lola M. Cotton plant to cotton shirt. Pelham, NY: Benchmark Education Co., 2001.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Cotton"

1

Rathore, Keerti S. "Cotton". In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 269–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02391-0_15.

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2

Gooch, Jan W. "Cotton". In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 174. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2976.

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3

Davis, D. D. "Cotton". In Hybrid Cultivar Development, 357–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07822-8_15.

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4

Malathi, V. G., G. Radhakrishnan e A. Varma. "Cotton". In Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries, 743–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0791-7_29.

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5

Nagrare, V. S., S. Kranthi, Rishi Kumar, B. Dharajothi, M. Amutha e K. R. Kranthi. "Cotton". In Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops, 271–81. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2677-2_26.

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6

Hague, Steve, Lori Hinze e James Frelichowski. "Cotton". In Oil Crops, 257–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77594-4_8.

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7

Hinze, Lori, e Russell Kohel. "Cotton". In Technological Innovations in Major World Oil Crops, Volume 1, 219–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0356-2_9.

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8

Baker, Ian. "Cotton". In Fifty Materials That Make the World, 49–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78766-4_10.

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9

Abrol, Dharam P. "Cotton". In Pollination Biology of Cultivated Oil Seeds and Pulse Crops, 119–52. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032656724-11.

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10

Lee, Joshua A. "Cotton". In Hybridization of Crop Plants, 313–25. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1980.hybridizationofcrops.c20.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Cotton"

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Li, Teng, Xianfa Fang, Decheng Wang, Jinkui Feng e Binbin Zhang. "The study on friction test between cotton fiber, cotton ,cotton seed and steel surface". In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201701305.

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Mohd. Nor, Salmiah, Wan Yunus Wan Ahmad, Jamil Salleh, Nora Zakaria e Razidah Ismail. "Durable Press Reference for cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics". In 2010 International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cssr.2010.5773896.

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3

Gharakhani, Hussein, J. Alex Thomasson, Peyman Nematzadeh, Pappu K. Yadav e Steve Hague. "Using under-canopy cotton imagery for cotton variety classification". In Autonomous Air and Ground Sensing Systems for Agricultural Optimization and Phenotyping VII, a cura di J. Alex Thomasson e Alfonso F. Torres-Rua. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2623034.

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4

Sun, Ling, e Zesheng Zhu. "Using Spectral Vegetation Index to Estimate Continuous Cotton and Rice-Cotton Rotation Effects on Cotton Yield". In 2019 8th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/agro-geoinformatics.2019.8820643.

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Jason Daniel Wattonville. "7760 Cotton Picker". In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25071.

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G. L. Warnsholz. "9986 Cotton Picker". In 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.9161.

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Dakshinya, Katta, Makula Roshitha, Parasa Akshitha Raj e Ch Anuradha. "Cotton Disease Detection". In 2023 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Communication (AISC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aisc56616.2023.10084992.

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8

Ge, Feng. "Cotton pest management in Bt cotton system in northern China". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92396.

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9

J. Alex Thomasson, Ruixiu Sui e Alan D. Brashears. "Mississippi Cotton Yield Monitor Tested on Stripper-type Cotton Harvesters". In 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.9156.

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10

Janabayev, D., V. Atamanyuk, A. Khussanov, Z. Gnativ e B. Kaldybaeva. "Filtration Drying of Cotton". In Chemical technology and engineering. Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.124.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Cotton"

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Sofia Sanchez, Sofia Sanchez. Creating a cotton trichome cell line to grow cotton fibers without relying on the cotton plant. Experiment, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/24314.

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2

Wood, Megan, e Traci Lamar. Closer to Cotton. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1085.

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3

Montgomery, Marcy. Cottonwood in Cotton Candy. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, novembre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1646.

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4

Arnett, Chaz. Data, the New Cotton. Just Tech, Social Science Research Council, maggio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/jt.3034.d.2022.

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5

Lee, Juyoung. U.S. Cotton Industry Competitiveness in the Context of the Cotton Supply Chain. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1831.

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6

Sadler, Marc. Cotton in the Global Context. World Bank, settembre 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/2070-8416-0001.

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Paterson, Andrew H., Yehoshua Saranga e Dan Yakir. Improving Productivity of Cotton (Gossypsum spp.) in Arid Region Agriculture: An Integrated Physiological/Genetic Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573066.bard.

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Abstract (sommario):

Objectives: We seek to establish the basis for improving cotton productivity under arid conditions, by studying the water use efficiency - evaporative cooling interrelationship. Specifically, we will test the hypothesis that cotton productivity under arid conditions can be improved by combining high seasonal WUE with efficient evaporative cooling, evaluate whether high WUE and/or evaporative cooling are based on specific physiological factors such as diurnal flexibility in stomatal conductance, stomatal density, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant water status. Genes influencing both WUE and evaporative cooling, as well as other parameters such as economic products (lint yield, quality, harvest index) of cotton will also be mapped, in order to evaluate influences of water relations on these parameters. Approach: Carbon isotope ratio will be used to evaluate WUE, accompanied by additional parameters to elucidate the relationship between WUE, evaporative cooling, and cotton productivity. A detailed RFLP map will be used to determine the number, location, and phenotypic effects of genes underlying genetic variation in WUE between cultivated cottons, as well as test associations of these genes with traits of economic importance such as harvest index, lint yield, and lint quality. Major Conclusions: Productivity and quality of cotton grown under well-watered versus water-limited conditions was shown to be partly accounted for by different quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Among a suite of physiological traits often found to differ between genotypes adapted to arid versus well-watered conditions, genetic mapping implicated only reduced plant osmotic potential in improved cotton productivity under arid conditions. Our findings clearly implicate OP as a major component of cotton adaptation to arid conditions. However, testing of further physiological hypotheses is clearly needed to account for additional QTL alleles conferring higher seed-cotton yield under arid conditions, such as three of the five we found. Near-isogenic lines being made for QTLs discovered herein will offer a powerful new tool useful toward identification of the underlying gene(s) by using fine-scale mapping approaches (Paterson et al 1990). Implications: Adaptation to both arid and favorable conditions can be combined into the same genotype. We have identified diagnostic DNA markers that are being applied to creation of such desirable genotypes. Simultaneous improvement of productivity (and/or quality) for both arid and irrigated conditions will require more extensive field testing and the manipulation of larger numbers of genes, reducing the expected rate of genetic gain These difficulties may be at least partly ameliorated by efficiencies gained through identification and use of diagnostic DNA markers. Genomic tools and approaches may expedite adaptation of crops to arid cultivation, help to test roles of additional physiological factors, and guide the isolation of the underlying genes that protect crop performance under arid conditions.

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ICTSD, ICTSD. Cotton: Trends in Global Production, Trade andPolicy. ICTSD International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ag_ip_20130613.

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Rana, Abdul Wajid, Amna Ejaz e Sania Haider Shikoh. Cotton crop: A situational analysis of Pakistan. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133702.

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10

Irwin, Douglas, e Peter Temin. The Antebellum Tariff on Cotton Textiles Revisited. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, agosto 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7825.

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