Articoli di riviste: "Cooperation in"

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Melbinger, Anna, Jonas Cremer e Erwin Frey. "The emergence of cooperation from a single mutant during microbial life cycles". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, n. 108 (luglio 2015): 20150171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0171.

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Cooperative behaviour is widespread in nature, even though cooperating individuals always run the risk of being exploited by free-riders. Population structure effectively promotes cooperation given that a threshold in the level of cooperation was already reached. However, the question how cooperation can emerge from a single mutant, which cannot rely on a benefit provided by other cooperators, is still puzzling. Here, we investigate this question for a well-defined but generic situation based on typical life cycles of microbial populations where individuals regularly form new colonies followed by growth phases. We analyse two evolutionary mechanisms favouring cooperative behaviour and study their strength depending on the inoculation size and the length of a life cycle. In particular, we find that population bottlenecks followed by exponential growth phases strongly increase the survival and fixation probabilities of a single cooperator in a free-riding population.

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Tang, Zhipeng, Anfeng Liu, Zhetao Li, Young-june Choi, Hiroo Sekiya e Jie Li. "A Trust-Based Model for Security Cooperating in Vehicular Cloud Computing". Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9083608.

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VCC is a computing paradigm which consists of vehicles cooperating with each other to realize a lot of practical applications, such as delivering packages. Security cooperation is a fundamental research topic in Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC). Because of the existence of malicious vehicles, the security cooperation has become a challenging issue in VCC. In this paper, a trust-based model for security cooperating, named DBTEC, is proposed to promote vehicles’ security cooperation in VCC. DBTEC combines the indirect trust estimation in Public board and the direct trust estimation in Private board to compute the trust value of vehicles when choosing cooperative partners; a trustworthy cooperation path generating scheme is proposed to ensure the safety of cooperation and increase the cooperation completion rates in VCC. Extensive experiments show that our scheme improves the overall cooperation completion rates by 6~7%.

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Obermaier, Robert, e Andreas Busch. "The impact of different types of interorganizational co-operation on shareholder value – the case of Germany". Corporate Ownership and Control 6, n. 4 (2009): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i4sip5.

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This event study analyses stock market reactions of 621 adhoc notifications announcing interorganizational cooperative agreements issued by stock listed German firms between 1999 and 2007. Besides testing the general relationship between ad hoc notifications of interorganizational cooperations and stock market response this study is the first one analyzing different institutional types of cooperational agreements for the German stock market. The announcement cooperational agreements results in significant positive mean abnormal returns. Surprisingly, announcements of contractual partnerships yield the highest abnormal returns compared to alternative forms combined with equity stakes. Obviously, shareholders do not necessarily relate better control of interorganizational cooperation to ownership.

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Cahour, Beatrice, e Pascal Salembier. "Cooperation and cooperator modeling". Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 5, n. 2-3 (1996): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00133660.

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Bruger, Eric, e Christopher Waters. "Sharing the sandbox: Evolutionary mechanisms that maintain bacterial cooperation". F1000Research 4 (23 dicembre 2015): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7363.1.

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Microbes are now known to participate in an extensive repertoire of cooperative behaviors such as biofilm formation, production of extracellular public-goods, group motility, and higher-ordered multicellular structures. A fundamental question is how these cooperative tasks are maintained in the face of non-cooperating defector cells. Recently, a number of molecular mechanisms including facultative participation, spatial sorting, and policing have been discovered to stabilize cooperation. Often these different mechanisms work in concert to reinforce cooperation. In this review, we describe bacterial cooperation and the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that maintain it.

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dos Santos, Miguel, e Stuart A. West. "The coevolution of cooperation and cognition in humans". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, n. 1879 (30 maggio 2018): 20180723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0723.

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Cooperative behaviours in archaic hunter–gatherers could have been maintained partly due to the gains from cooperation being shared with kin. However, the question arises as to how cooperation was maintained after early humans transitioned to larger groups of unrelated individuals. We hypothesize that after cooperation had evolved via benefits to kin, the consecutive evolution of cognition increased the returns from cooperating, to the point where benefits to self were sufficient for cooperation to remain stable when group size increased and relatedness decreased. We investigate the theoretical plausibility of this hypothesis, with both analytical modelling and simulations. We examine situations where cognition either (i) increases the benefits of cooperation, (ii) leads to synergistic benefits between cognitively enhanced cooperators, (iii) allows the exploitation of less intelligent partners, and (iv) the combination of these effects. We find that cooperation and cognition can coevolve—cooperation initially evolves, favouring enhanced cognition, which favours enhanced cooperation, and stabilizes cooperation against a drop in relatedness. These results suggest that enhanced cognition could have transformed the nature of cooperative dilemmas faced by early humans, thereby explaining the maintenance of cooperation between unrelated partners.

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Shu, Sheng, Li Min Jia e Ben Wu Nie. "Research on Mechanism between Government and Enterprise under BT Turnkey Model: A Cooperative Game Model". Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (giugno 2014): 2372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2372.

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According to the basic theories of project management, this paper analyses the condition in a situation that government and enterprise enter into cooperation under non-completely benefit. With cooperation mechanism under non-completely benefit's subject, this paper explains respectively cooperative course mechanism, utility shifts the mechanism and consult the mechanism. We use the game model to analyze cooperative course mechanism, utility shifts the mechanism and consult the mechanism. The game model has explained the interests relation under the condition of cooperating with government and enterprise. Under this kind of state, the cooperation is the win-win to both sides. This cooperation mechanism can solve effectively the problem of risk sharing on the project.

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Watt, Helen. "Complicity or Justified Cooperation in Evil?" National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 21, n. 2 (2021): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq202121222.

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Cooperation in wrongdoing is an everyday matter for all of us, though we need to discern when such cooperation is morally excluded as constituting formal cooperation, as opposed to material (unintended) cooperation whether justified or otherwise. In this paper, I offer examples of formal cooperation such as referral of patients for certain procedures where the cooperating doctor intends an intrinsically wrongful plan of action on the part of the patient and a medical colleague. I also consider a case of formal cooperation where the cooperator intends a choice on the part of another person that is not intrinsically wrong, but wrong in the circumstances because the person believes it will cause serious uncompensated harm.

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McAuliffe, Katherine, Richard Wrangham, Luke Glowacki e Andrew F. Russell. "When cooperation begets cooperation: the role of key individuals in galvanizing support". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, n. 1683 (5 dicembre 2015): 20150012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0012.

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Life abounds with examples of conspecifics actively cooperating to a common end, despite conflicts of interest being expected concerning how much each individual should contribute. Mathematical models typically find that such conflict can be resolved by partial-response strategies, leading investors to contribute relatively equitably. Using a case study approach, we show that such model expectations can be contradicted in at least four disparate contexts: (i) bi-parental care; (ii) cooperative breeding; (iii) cooperative hunting; and (iv) human cooperation. We highlight that: (a) marked variation in contributions is commonplace; and (b) individuals can often respond positively rather than negatively to the contributions of others. Existing models have surprisingly limited power in explaining these phenomena. Here, we propose that, although among-individual variation in cooperative contributions will be influenced by differential costs and benefits, there is likely to be a strong genetic or epigenetic component. We then suggest that selection can maintain high investors ( key individuals ) when their contributions promote support by increasing the benefits and/or reducing the costs for others. Our intentions are to raise awareness in—and provide testable hypotheses of—two of the most poorly understood, yet integral, questions regarding cooperative ventures: why do individuals vary in their contributions and when does cooperation beget cooperation?

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Zhao, Xing Hong, Liang Zhao e Jie Xu. "Review of Groups-Robot Cooperation System Research Basing on Swarm Intelligence". Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (luglio 2011): 1350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.1350.

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Swarm intelligence has been the new method to resolve traditional structure optimization problem. Group cooperative system composed by individual robots will complete task which individual robot cannot do by coordinating each other and cooperating mutually. From worldwide advances in the researches of groups-robot cooperation system and typical groups-robot cooperation system, we can see meta trends of researches into groups-robot cooperation system and difficulties restrict development and translation to utility system of groups-robot cooperation system. The future coming burning issue will be how to build up the groups-robot cooperation system of higher robustness and adaptability in the face of the true environment with characteristics of unstructured and dynamic.

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Skubic, Eva. "Cooperation theory of cooperative breeding". Behavioural Processes 76, n. 2 (ottobre 2007): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2006.12.012.

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Gerber, Nina, Manon K. Schweinfurth e Michael Taborsky. "The smell of cooperation: rats increase helpful behaviour when receiving odour cues of a conspecific performing a cooperative task". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, n. 1939 (25 novembre 2020): 20202327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2327.

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Reciprocity can explain cooperative behaviour among non-kin, where individuals help others depending on their experience in previous interactions. Norway rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) cooperate reciprocally according to direct and generalized reciprocity. In a sequence of four consecutive experiments, we show that odour cues from a cooperating conspecific are sufficient to induce the altruistic help of rats in a food-exchange task. When rats were enabled to help a non-cooperative partner while receiving olfactory information from a rat helping a conspecific in a different room, they helped their non-cooperative partner as if it was a cooperative one. We further show that the cues inducing altruistic behaviour are released during the act of cooperation and do not depend on the identity of the cue provider. Remarkably, olfactory cues seem to be more important for cooperation decisions than experiencing a cooperative act per se . This suggests that rats may signal their cooperation propensity to social partners, which increases their chances to receive help in return.

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Ribosa, Jesús, e David Durán. "<p>Cooperación, juego y matemáticas: análisis de la aplicación del Tridio Cooperativo con alumnado de primaria</p>". PNA. Revista de Investigación en Didáctica de la Matemática 11, n. 3 (1 marzo 2017): 205–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/pna.v11i3.6074.

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Esta investigación trata sobre la aplicación en aulas de primaria del juego de mesa llamado Tridio Cooperativo. Los objetivos son: (a) analizar las dinámicas de interacción, (b) valorar el nivel de cooperación, (c) analizar episodios de razonamiento matemático y (d) conocer la percepción del alumnado sobre el aprendizaje cooperativo. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, los resultados muestran que el Tridio Cooperativo fomenta la interacción entre todos los jugadores, ofrece un marco potencial (pero no garantizado) de trabajo cooperativo, promueve numerosos tipos de razonamiento matemático y hace reflexionar al alumnado sobre el trabajo cooperativo. Cooperation, Games and Mathematics: Analysis of the Application of Cooperative Tridio with Students of Primary Education This research is about the application of the board game called Cooperative Tridio in primary education classes. The goals are: (a) to analyse the interaction dynamics, (b) to assess the cooperation level, (c) to analyse the episodes of mathematical reasoning, and (d) to know the students’ perception concerning the cooperative learning. By using a qualitative research methodology, results showed that Cooperative Tridio promotes interaction between all the players, offers a potential (but not guaranteed) cooperative learning framework, fosters many types of mathematical reasoning, and makes students reflect on cooperative learning. Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/10481/45500WOS-ESCI

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SANTOS, Paulo H. "Restoration of the Rio Doce River Basin: a study on cooperation". Espacios 42, n. 16 (30 agosto 2021): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a21v42n16p07.

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This research seeks to identify the development stage of the cooperation to manage the resources employed in the Rio Doce River Basin restoration, analyzing strategies for improving the results of such cooperation. This qualitative and quantitative descriptive research used semi-structured and structured interviews. The study applied a model of analysis of cooperative relations among agencies responsible for managing resources destined for the basin’s restoration, identifying the cooperation’s development stage.

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Drezner, Daniel W. "Bargaining, Enforcement, and Multilateral Sanctions: When Is Cooperation Counterproductive?" International Organization 54, n. 1 (2000): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081800551127.

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Scholars and policymakers generally assume that multilateral cooperation is a necessary condition for economic sanctions to be of any use. However, previous statistical tests of this assumption have shown that sanctions are more successful with lower levels of cooperation. This puzzle calls into question established theories of economic statecraft as well as theories of international cooperation. In this article I test possible explanations for the ineffectiveness of multilateral cooperation on sanctions events using James Fearon's (1998) breakdown of cooperation into bargaining and enforcement phases as a framework for discussion The empirical results show that when multilateral economic sanctions fail, their failure is due to enforcement, not bargaining problems Without the support of an international organization, cooperating states backslide from promises of cooperation Backsliding occurs because of domestic political pressures and uncertainty about the intentions of the other sanctioning countries; backsliding causes an initial burst of cooperative behavior to decay over time. Without institutional support, cooperation is worse than useless—it is counterproductive. This result suggests that international cooperation is a more fragile equilibrium than previously thought but undercuts realist arguments that international organizations are unimportant.

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Barragan-Jason, Gladys, Maxime Cauchoix, Anne Regnier, Marie Bourjade, Astrid Hopfensitz e Alexis S. Chaine. "Schoolchildren cooperate more successfully with non-kin than with siblings". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, n. 1944 (10 febbraio 2021): 20202951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2951.

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Cooperation plays a key role in the development of advanced societies and can be stabilized through shared genes (kinship) or reciprocation. In humans, cooperation among kin occurs more readily than cooperation among non-kin. In many organisms, cooperation can shift with age (e.g. helpers at the nest); however, little is known about developmental shifts between kin and non-kin cooperation in humans. Using a cooperative game, we show that 3- to 10-year-old French schoolchildren cooperated less successfully with siblings than with non-kin children, whether or not non-kin partners were friends. Furthermore, children with larger social networks cooperated better and the perception of friendship among non-friends improved after cooperating. These results contrast with the well-established preference for kin cooperation among adults and indicate that non-kin cooperation in humans might serve to forge and extend non-kin social relationships during middle childhood and create opportunities for future collaboration beyond kin. Our results suggest that the current view of cooperation in humans may only apply to adults and that future studies should focus on how and why cooperation with different classes of partners might change during development in humans across cultures as well as other long-lived organisms.

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Kyng, Morten. "Designing for cooperation: cooperating in design". Communications of the ACM 34, n. 12 (dicembre 1991): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/125319.125323.

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Li, Min, Miao Yu, Heng Wang e Yi Zhang. "Selection Cooperation in Heterogeneous Cooperative Networks". Wireless Personal Communications 75, n. 4 (14 novembre 2013): 2089–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1455-7.

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Li, Xuelong, Marko Jusup, Zhen Wang, Huijia Li, Lei Shi, Boris Podobnik, H. Eugene Stanley, Shlomo Havlin e Stefano Boccaletti. "Punishment diminishes the benefits of network reciprocity in social dilemma experiments". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n. 1 (19 dicembre 2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707505115.

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Network reciprocity has been widely advertised in theoretical studies as one of the basic cooperation-promoting mechanisms, but experimental evidence favoring this type of reciprocity was published only recently. When organized in an unchanging network of social contacts, human subjects cooperate provided the following strict condition is satisfied: The benefit of cooperation must outweigh the total cost of cooperating with all neighbors. In an attempt to relax this condition, we perform social dilemma experiments wherein network reciprocity is aided with another theoretically hypothesized cooperation-promoting mechanism—costly punishment. The results reveal how networks promote and stabilize cooperation. This stabilizing effect is stronger in a smaller-size neighborhood, as expected from theory and experiments. Contrary to expectations, punishment diminishes the benefits of network reciprocity by lowering assortment, payoff per round, and award for cooperative behavior. This diminishing effect is stronger in a larger-size neighborhood. An immediate implication is that the psychological effects of enduring punishment override the rational response anticipated in quantitative models of cooperation in networks.

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Stocker, Martina, Matthias-Claudio Loretto, Elisabeth H. M. Sterck, Thomas Bugnyar e Jorg J. M. Massen. "Cooperation with closely bonded individuals reduces cortisol levels in long-tailed macaques". Royal Society Open Science 7, n. 5 (maggio 2020): 191056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191056.

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Many animal species cooperate with conspecifics in various social contexts. While ultimate causes of cooperation are being studied extensively, its proximate causes, particularly endocrine mechanisms, have received comparatively little attention. Here, we present a study investigating the link between the hormone cortisol, cooperation and social bonds in long-tailed macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ). We tested 14 macaques in a dyadic cooperation task (loose-string paradigm), each with two partners of different social bond strength and measured their salivary cortisol before and after the task. We found no strong link between the macaques' cortisol level before the task and subsequent cooperative success. By contrast, we did find that the act of cooperating in itself led to a subsequent decrease in cortisol levels, but only when cooperating with closely bonded individuals. Two control conditions showed that this effect was not due to the mere presence of such an individual or the pulling task itself. Consequently, our study shows an intricate way in which the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is involved in cooperation. Future studies should reveal whether and how our findings are driven by the anxiolytic effect of oxytocin, which has been associated with social bonding.

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Hackel, Leor M., Julian A. Wills e Jay J. Van Bavel. "Shifting prosocial intuitions: neurocognitive evidence for a value-based account of group-based cooperation". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, n. 4 (aprile 2020): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa055.

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Abstract Cooperation is necessary for solving numerous social issues, including climate change, effective governance and economic stability. Value-based decision models contend that prosocial tendencies and social context shape people’s preferences for cooperative or selfish behavior. Using functional neuroimaging and computational modeling, we tested these predictions by comparing activity in brain regions previously linked to valuation and executive function during decision-making—the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), respectively. Participants played Public Goods Games with students from fictitious universities, where social norms were selfish or cooperative. Prosocial participants showed greater vmPFC activity when cooperating and dlPFC-vmPFC connectivity when acting selfishly, whereas selfish participants displayed the opposite pattern. Norm-sensitive participants showed greater dlPFC-vmPFC connectivity when defying group norms. Modeling expectations of cooperation was associated with activity near the right temporoparietal junction. Consistent with value-based models, this suggests that prosocial tendencies and contextual norms flexibly determine whether people prefer cooperation or defection.

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LOPES, HELENA, ANA C. SANTOS e NUNO TELES. "The motives for cooperation in work organizations". Journal of Institutional Economics 5, n. 3 (23 ottobre 2009): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137409990038.

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Abstract:This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of cooperation in productive ventures, conceived of as collective action endeavours that require cooperation rather than mere coordination. It is argued that cooperative behaviour is grounded on three kinds of ‘common goods’, defined as goods that are shared and recognized as beneficial by the workers. These comprise common goals, relational satisfaction, and moral norms and values. The commonly held goods are associated with motives and behavioural rules which constitute both the reasons for cooperating and the means through which the dilemmatic nature of cooperation is overcome. It is further argued that the binding character of these rules is closely linked to humans’ ability and opportunity to communicate. Normative guidelines relative to management practices and directions for future research are also derived.

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Yan, Jinyuan, Hilary Monaco e Joao B. Xavier. "The Ultimate Guide to Bacterial Swarming: An Experimental Model to Study the Evolution of Cooperative Behavior". Annual Review of Microbiology 73, n. 1 (8 settembre 2019): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-120033.

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Cooperation has fascinated biologists since Darwin. How did cooperative behaviors evolve despite the fitness cost to the cooperator? Bacteria have cooperative behaviors that make excellent models to take on this age-old problem from both proximate (molecular) and ultimate (evolutionary) angles. We delve into Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming, a phenomenon where billions of bacteria move cooperatively across distances of centimeters in a matter of a few hours. Experiments with swarming have unveiled a strategy called metabolic prudence that stabilizes cooperation, have showed the importance of spatial structure, and have revealed a regulatory network that integrates environmental stimuli and direct cooperative behavior, similar to a machine learning algorithm. The study of swarming elucidates more than proximate mechanisms: It exposes ultimate mechanisms valid to all scales, from cells in cancerous tumors to animals in large communities.

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Rodrigues, Maíra R., e Michael Luck. "Effective Cooperations Through Non-Monetary Exchanges: A Computational Framework". International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 23, n. 03 (14 agosto 2014): 1450002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843014500026.

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Today there is an increase in the number of cooperative initiatives in different domains to make tools and data available to global communities free or charge. Such cooperative systems are open, heterogeneous, dynamic, and lack a formal payment system. Incentivising cooperation in these scenarios is essential to maintain their effectiveness. Therefore, there is a recognised need to move away from an ad hoc approach to one in which cooperation is supported and encouraged. The agent-oriented paradigm has been advocated as a natural way to design and implement systems that are distributed and heterogeneous. However, developing an agent-oriented system for today's cooperative systems is challenging. It requires a means not only to provide non-monetary incentives for service providers, but also to consider the level of quality of cooperations, in terms of the quality of provided and received services. In this context, the key contribution of this paper is a framework for non-monetary interactions among self-interested agents, in which the motivation to cooperate and the bases for analysing cooperations come from Piaget's theory of exchange values. Our framework includes a computational model of these values, which defines how exchange values are accumulated and spent by interacting agents. We illustrate how our framework can be used by agents to analyze cooperations and to take decisions about them, and provide an empirical evaluation.

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Waisová, Šárka. "Environmental Cooperation in Conflict-Prone Areas". Czech Journal of International Relations 49, n. 3 (1 settembre 2014): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.287.

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A decade ago there emerged the idea that environmental cooperation isable to initiate and sustain a dialogue between the parties of a conflict andfacilitates conflict transformation and peacebuilding. This article tests threehypotheses which stipulate conditions and effects of environmentalcooperation in conflict-prone areas. The article shows that environmentalcooperation can emerge even during a conflict, but only at a time when theintensity of the violence is low. The emergence and development ofenvironmental cooperative projects also depends on the support ofexternal actors, and the intensity of environmental cooperations in conflict-prone areas remains weak even after many years.

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Wulandari, Kurniawan. "Construction and Application of Comprehensive Evaluation Index System for Long-Term Cooperation Between Enterprises, Universities and Research Institutes". Journal of Management and Strategy 12, n. 2 (18 maggio 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v12n2p30.

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In the process of industry-university-research institute cooperation, it is of vital significance to construct a set of comprehensive evaluation index system which can objectively and effectively reflect the performance of industry-university-research institute cooperation for promoting the long-term cooperation among the three parties. This paper regards industry-university-research institute cooperation as an input-output system, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system which includes four first-level indexes of initial input, cooperative process, cooperative output and re-input. On this basis, a reasonable evaluation model is constructed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of industry-university-research cooperation from three aspects: cooperation scale, cooperation efficiency and cooperation sustainability.

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Морозкина e I. Morozkina. "Calculation and Analysis of Cooperation Efficiency As the Important Components of the Cooperative Associations Creation and Development". Economics 4, n. 2 (18 aprile 2016): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18767.

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In the article are considered the various approaches to the concept of efficiency, the existing methods of assessment and calculation of efficiency on both quantitative and qualitative basis; the methods of estimation of the inter-firm cooperation’s effectiveness are analyzed; the formula of efficiency’s calculation of the types of cooperation is offered, it can be used both for comparison of cooperative associations, and as a composite measure for decision making about participation in cooperation; criteria for the concept of efficiency is set for companies (members of cooperatives), consumers, industry, regions and the country; the estimation of cooperation on the basis of the indicators characterizing the benefit from the growth of cooperation’s productivity “breadth” and “depth” of one or groups of indicators is suggested; the matrix of correlation between time of finding the answer to a positive question and time of proving of this response, which shows the gap between the calculations of the efficiency of decision making and the proof of its effectiveness.

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Zhang, Hanpeng, Yuxin Wu, Yi Liao e Yuvraj Gajpal. "Cooperative Strategies in Two-Echelon Rescue Delivery Environment with Accessibility Uncertainty". Sustainability 12, n. 13 (1 luglio 2020): 5333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135333.

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Cooperation between rescue teams is important to improve rescue performance. Vehicles outside of the disaster area usually deliver rescue resources. A two-echelon rescue delivery model is proposed, considering the isolated island of the disaster area where all the roads to the outside are interrupted. This paper first presents a non-cooperation scenario and then a cooperation scenario in an uncertain environment. Furthermore, two types of cooperative strategies to improve rescue performance are provided in the paper. The two cooperative strategies are a reactive cooperative strategy and an anticipatory cooperative strategy. Numerical experiments are used to evaluate the rescue performances of the two cooperation strategies by comparing them with the non-cooperation scenario. The results reveal that the anticipatory cooperative strategy performs the best in different cases varying in size.

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van Tatenhove-Pel, Rinke J., Daan H. de Groot, Anjani S. Bisseswar, Bas Teusink e Herwig Bachmann. "Population dynamics of microbial cross-feeding are determined by co-localization probabilities and cooperation-independent cheater growth". ISME Journal 15, n. 10 (5 maggio 2021): 3050–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00986-y.

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AbstractAs natural selection acts on individual organisms the evolution of costly cooperation between microorganisms is an intriguing phenomenon. Introduction of spatial structure to privatize exchanged molecules can explain the evolution of cooperation. However, in many natural systems cells can also grow to low cell concentrations in the absence of these exchanged molecules, thus showing “cooperation-independent background growth”. We here serially propagated a synthetic cross-feeding consortium of lactococci in the droplets of a water-in-oil emulsion, essentially mimicking group selection with varying founder population sizes. The results show that when the growth of cheaters completely depends on cooperators, cooperators outcompete cheaters. However, cheaters outcompete cooperators when they can independently grow to only ten percent of the consortium carrying capacity. This result is the consequence of a probabilistic effect, as low founder population sizes in droplets decrease the frequency of cooperator co-localization. Cooperator-enrichment can be recovered by increasing the founder population size in droplets to intermediate values. Together with mathematical modelling our results suggest that co-localization probabilities in a spatially structured environment leave a small window of opportunity for the evolution of cooperation between organisms that do not benefit from their cooperative trait when in isolation or form multispecies aggregates.

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Holubcik, Martin. "Theoretical knowledge in terms of forming cooperation". New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 3, n. 4 (22 marzo 2017): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v3i4.1517.

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Cooperation, participation, partnership is essential element for human and biological nature of the world, as well as its development in the future. It creates new connections, repeats old, reinforces bonds and relationship between individual subjects, brings positive value (benefits) into the relationship or creates negative effects. Main goal of this paper is theoretical definition of cooperation as a general picture of cooperation. The findings of cooperation are important to understand complexity of possible use in business environment. Establishing a base for assessing appropriate cooperation in market conditions is vital. The success rate of cooperation depends on the rate of using elements of cooperation. This base ensures higher chance to become more competitive, meets the objectives and brings a synergy effect to business relationship. Keywords: cooperation; cooperative potential; cooperative environment; aspect and criteria of cooperation;

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YU, Jiang, Youyun XU e Jinlong WANG. "Opportunistic Cooperative Multicast Based on Coded Cooperation". IEICE Transactions on Communications E94-B, n. 12 (2011): 3378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e94.b.3378.

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Braccini, Alessio Maria. "DEFINING COOPERATIVE BUSINESS MODELS FOR INTERORGANIZATIONAL COOPERATION". International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies 3, n. 2 (dicembre 2012): 229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1093.

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Sprenger, Joanne. "Special Focus: Cooperative LearningActivities that Promote Cooperation". Strategies 6, n. 5 (febbraio 1993): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08924562.1993.10591912.

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Seagren, Sharon, e Tom Sharpe. "Cooperative Learning: Promoting Cooperation in the Gym". Strategies 6, n. 5 (febbraio 1993): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08924562.1993.10591913.

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Romero Ortiz, María Elena, e Carlos Uscanga Prieto. "Japan: Securing Cooperation or Cooperating to Security?" México y la Cuenca del Pacífico 5, n. 14 (1 maggio 2016): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v5i14.506.

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Beres, E., e R. Adve. "Selection cooperation in multi-source cooperative networks". IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 7, n. 1 (gennaio 2008): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2008.060184.

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ZALISKA, Liubov, e Liubov HANAS. "Establishing relationships with a foreign cooperative partner in the context of the implementation of the international cooperation method". Economics. Finances. Law, n. 1 (27 gennaio 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.1.5.

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Introduction. One of the most important stages of the company's participation in international cooperation is undoubtedly the search and selection of a cooperating partner and establishing relationships with him. This plays a key role in achieving the goals and desired results of companies' participation in international cooperation and requires detailed study, systematization and graphical representation. The purpose of the paper is to improve the participation of enterprises in international cooperation by developing a sequence of establishing relationships with foreign cooperating partners in the context of using a certain method of international cooperation. Results. As participation in international industrial cooperation involves long-term partnership and pooling of resources to achieve common goals, the effectiveness of international cooperation depends directly on the cooperating partner. The process of finding and selecting a cooperating partner, establishing relationships with him is long-term and multi-stage, so it requires a clear definition of its components, their sequence and consistency. Thus, one of the necessary conditions for an enterprise to participate effectively in international cooperation is to develop a clear sequence of establishing relationships with a foreign cooperating partner, which consists of seven stages. The result of the successful completion of each of the stages of the proposed sequence of networking is the signing of an agreement with a foreign cooperating partner on the use of a certain method of international cooperation. If at a certain stage the actual results don`t coincide with the planned ones, it is possible to return to the problem areas and make certain adjustments in order to eliminate the shortcomings. Conclusion. Against the background of globalization and integration processes, the role of international cooperation as one of the effective ways to improve the competitiveness of both individual enterprises and the country's economy as a whole is constantly growing. However, the effectiveness of participation in international cooperation depends not only on the company itself, but also on the chosen cooperating partner. The proposed sequence of establishing relationships with a foreign cooperating partner in the context of the implementation of the method of international cooperation is a practically significant and universal tool that companies can adapt to their own goals and peculiarities and repeatedly apply in the future to choose a cooperating partner.

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Luo, Sheng. "User Sensitive Information Protection Scheme Based on Blockchain Technology". Mobile Information Systems 2022 (20 aprile 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2328734.

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With the continuous development of mobile applications and location technology, k -anonymity technology is usually used to protect the privacy and security of users in location-based services that are used by mobile users. Due to the self-interest of users, in the cooperative construction of a k -anonymity privacy protection scheme, it is difficult to guarantee the honest cooperation behavior of the requesting and cooperating users. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a distributed k -anonymous location privacy protection scheme based on blockchain. In this paper, we record the requesting users, cooperative users, and their location information as evidence, and we punish the users with location leakage and deception. An anonymous zone cannot be constructed when the user is a requesting user. An interactive record mechanism is designed to constrain the self-interest behavior of the requesting and cooperating users in the process of anonymous region construction. Security analysis and experiments show that this scheme can effectively protect the user’s location privacy, promote the honest cooperation between the requesting user and the cooperative user, and encourage more users to participate in the construction of an anonymous zone.

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de Melo, Celso M., Peter Carnevale e Jonathan Gratch. "The Impact of Emotion Displays in Embodied Agents on Emergence of Cooperation with People". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 20, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2011): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00062.

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Acknowledging the social functions of emotion in people, there has been growing interest in the interpersonal effect of emotion on cooperation in social dilemmas. This paper explores whether and how facial displays of emotion in embodied agents impact cooperation with human users. The paper describes an experiment where participants play the iterated prisoner's dilemma against two different agents that play the same strategy (tit-for-tat), but communicate different goal orientations (cooperative vs. individualistic) through their patterns of facial displays. The results show that participants are sensitive to differences in the displays of emotion and cooperate significantly more with the cooperative agent. The results also reveal that cooperation rates are only significantly different when people play first with the individualistic agent. This is in line with the well-known black-hat/white-hat effect from the negotiation literature. However, this study emphasizes that people can discern a cooperator (white-hat) from a noncooperator (black-hat) based only on emotion displays. We propose that people are able to identify the cooperator by inferring, from the emotion displays, the agent's goals. We refer to this as reverse appraisal, as it reverses the usual process in which appraising relevant events with respect to one's goals leads to specific emotion displays. We discuss implications for designing human–computer interfaces and understanding human–human interaction.

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Yang, Zhong, Ya Zheng, Guochun Yang, Qi Li e Xun Liu. "Neural signatures of cooperation enforcement and violation: a coordinate-based meta-analysis". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, n. 9 (settembre 2019): 919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz073.

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Abstract The social norms of fairness and reciprocity are fundamental to cooperation and constitute core behavioral principles. Warm glow theory suggests that cooperative behavior is driven by positive emotions, whereas inequity aversion theory proposes that cooperative behavior is necessary to avoid negative feelings. However, the precise characteristics underlying the enforcement (fairness or reciprocity) and violation (unfairness or betrayal) of cooperation remain elusive. Moreover, whether the neural mechanism of cooperation as a partner or a spectator is the same remains unclear. To resolve the above issues, we summarized the findings of human cooperation neuroimaging studies through a meta-analysis. Based on our results, cooperation enforcement activates reward-related brain areas, such as the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex, only during other-cooperation. In contrast, cooperation violation is associated with the negative emotion-related insula in both self- and other-noncooperation. Thus, people expect others to cooperate rather than themselves; however, people are disgusted when cooperation is violated by themselves or others. Taken together, cooperative behavior might be mainly driven by a process designed to avoid negative emotion, which supports the inequity aversion theory but not the warm glow theory, thereby improving our understanding of cooperation theory.

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CRONIN, KATHERINE A., e ANGEL SÁNCHEZ. "SOCIAL DYNAMICS AND COOPERATION: THE CASE OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN BEHAVIOR". Advances in Complex Systems 15, supp01 (giugno 2012): 1250066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021952591250066x.

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The social factors that influence cooperation have remained largely uninvestigated but have the potential to explain much of the variation in cooperative behavior observed in the natural world. We show here that certain dimensions of the social environment, namely the size of the social group, the degree of social tolerance expressed, the structure of the dominance hierarchy, and the patterns of dispersal, may influence the emergence and stability of cooperation in predictable ways. Furthermore, the social environment experienced by a species over evolutionary time will have shaped their cognition to provide certain strengths and strategies that are beneficial in their species' social world. These cognitive adaptations will in turn impact the likelihood of cooperating in a given social environment. Experiments with one primate species, the cottontop tamarin, illustrate how social dynamics may influence emergence and stability of cooperative behavior in this species. We then take a more general viewpoint and argue that the hypotheses presented here require further experimental work and the addition of quantitative modeling to obtain a better understanding of how social dynamics influence the emergence and stability of cooperative behavior in complex systems. We conclude by pointing out subsequent specific directions for models and experiments that will allow relevant advances in the understanding of the emergence of cooperation.

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Peng, Jian, e Yun Li. "Analysis of the Innovative Mode of Cooperative Education of Ideological and Political Education and Professional Education". Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 3, n. 12 (22 dicembre 2023): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/62f69j85.

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Sino-foreign cooperationin Polytechnic University is one of the important forms of internationalization of higher education in the new era. However, under the mode of Sino-foreign cooperation, the collaborative education of ideological and political education and professional education in Colleges and universities is facing some difficulties. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of these dilemmas and explores the dialectical relationship between ideological and political education and digital transformation. Secondly, it puts forward the problem that the Sino-foreign cooperative curriculum system attaches little importance to ideological and political education, and discusses the conservative abstraction of the teaching mode of Sino-foreign cooperative ideological and political theory course. Finally, it points out the challenge that the Party and Youth League organization of college students majoring in Sino-foreign cooperation is not fully developed. In order to solve these problems, this paper puts forward the path of ideological and political education suitable for Sino-foreign cooperative education mode in polytechnic universities. Specifically, it includes the teaching mode of digital enabling ideological and political education courses, the construction of campus culture of ideological and political education in Sino-foreign cooperation, the cultivation path of "Teachers'Morality" in Sino-foreign cooperation and the reform of ideological and political education mode. Through the exploration and implementation of these paths, we can enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education and cultivate high-quality talents with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, beauty and labor. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the innovative mode of ideological and political education and professional education in the perspective of Sino-foreign cooperation in polytechnic universities, which is of great significance to promote high-quality development.

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COOPER, BARRY, ANDREW E. M. LEWIS-PYE, ANGSHENG LI, YICHENG PAN e XI YONG. "Establishing social cooperation: The role of hubs and community structure". Network Science 6, n. 2 (29 maggio 2018): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2018.3.

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AbstractPrisoner's Dilemma (PD) games have become a well-established paradigm for studying the mechanisms by which cooperative behavior may evolve in societies consisting of selfish individuals. Recent research has focused on the effect of spatial and connectivity structure in promoting the emergence of cooperation in scenarios where individuals play games with their neighbors, using simple “memoryless” rules to decide their choice of strategy in repeated games. While heterogeneity and structural features such as clustering have been seen to lead to reasonable levels of cooperation in very restricted settings, no conditions on network structure have been established, which robustly ensure the emergence of cooperation in a manner that is not overly sensitive to parameters such as network size, average degree, or the initial proportion of cooperating individuals. Here, we consider a natural random network model, with parameters that allow us to vary the level of “community” structure in the network, as well as the number of high degree hub nodes. We investigate the effect of varying these structural features and show that, for appropriate choices of these parameters, cooperative behavior does now emerge in a truly robust fashion and to a previously unprecedented degree. The implication is that cooperation (as modelled here by PD games) can become the social norm in societal structures divided into smaller communities, and in which hub nodes provide the majority of inter-community connections.

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Kafi, F., e S. M. T. Fatemi Ghomi. "A Game-Theoretic Model to Analyze Value Creation with Simultaneous Cooperation and Competition of Supply Chain Partners". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/754038.

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There is a rising trend in supplying chain management to employ simultaneous cooperation and competition (coopetition) among supply chain partners as an efficient strategy to create value. There exist, however, few models which analyze coopetitive situations mathematically. Cooperative game theory is the common tool in analyzing cooperative situations. However, the term “cooperative” in “cooperative game theory” is absolutely misleading since it ultimately leads to competition analysis and ignores the internal structure of the cooperation. Coopetition, however, results in structural transformations in players. Therefore, we require a mathematical modeling approach which takes into account the internal structural changes due to cooperation among competitors. In so doing, in this paper we propose, we assume that those parameters of each firm’s profit function are subject to transformation by cooperation as a function of cooperation level so as to determine the right level of cooperation and production of firms while considering technical cooperation between them. Furthermore, we demonstrate the results of applying the idea to a supply chain situation where two similar suppliers participate. We conclude that under intuitive conditions coopetition strategy is superior to the pure competitive relationship between the suppliers in terms of profitability which validates the previous empirical results mathematically.

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Cho, Dong-Sung, Hwy-Chang Moon e Wenyan Yin. "Enhancing national competitiveness through national cooperation". Competitiveness Review 26, n. 5 (17 ottobre 2016): 482–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-05-2015-0036.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how countries can make a more efficient and effective cooperation strategy, considering their competitive strengths and weaknesses. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an exploratory study in examining the efficient way of national cooperation from the competitiveness perspective. By applying the double diamond-based nine-factor model and the framework for the life cycle of national competitiveness, this study proposes the importance of cooperation strategy, considering the current competitiveness status. A case study of two economies of South Korea (hereafter referred to as Korea) and Dubai reveals a potentially substantial cooperative relationship. Findings Although Korea and Dubai are geographically and culturally distant, they share complementary resources to enhance their overall competitiveness. In addition, their past experiences of growth can effectively deal with their current challenges and help their economies move to more advanced stage. Practical implications The methodology used in this paper can provide a useful guideline for policy makers to examine the current development status of their economies, find an appropriate cooperation partner and decide the priority of cooperating areas. Originality/value Although most existing studies explain national competitiveness from a narrow perspective, this paper provides a more comprehensive analysis using the extended model of Porter’s single diamond model. In addition, this paper conducts an intensive case study of Dubai and Korea for possible cooperation.

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Wen, Shuhuan, Baozhu Hu, Ahmad B. Rad, Xinbin Li, Huibin Lu e Jianhua Zhang. "Robust Nash Dynamic Game Strategy for User Cooperation Energy Efficiency in Wireless Cellular Networks". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/636159.

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Recently, there is an emerging trend of addressing “energy efficiency” aspect of wireless communications. It has been shown that cooperating users relay each other's information to improve data rates. The energy is limited in the wireless cellular network, but the mobile users refuse to relay. This paper presents an approach that encourages user cooperation in order to improve the energy efficiency. The game theory is an efficient method to solve such conflicts. We present a cellular framework in which two mobile users, who desire to communicate with a common base station, may cooperate via decode-and-forward relaying. In the case of imperfect information assumption, cooperative Nash dynamic game is used between the two users' cooperation to tackle the decision making problems: whether to cooperate and how to cooperate in wireless networks. The scheme based on “cooperative game theory” can achieve general pareto-optimal performance for cooperative games, and thus, maximize the entire system payoff while maintaining fairness.

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Fu, Xiu Hui, e Shu Li Ouyang. "Realization of the Internet Based Telecooperation Robot System". Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (settembre 2011): 1322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1322.

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In recent years, internet based telerobotics has become more and more important in our lives and scientific research, there are many scholars dedicated to this research fields, especially the cooperation in the system. So, in order to research the cooperation problems in operator with operator, robot with robot and operator with robot in multi-operator multi-robot teleoperation system, built a two-operator two-robot telecooperation system, realized the two operators control the two robots cooperating with each other to complete items handover respectively. This article has given the solution of the items handover in the cooperative teleoperation system, designed the telecooperation robot system, given the specific experiment process and verified the feasibility of the scheme through the remote cooperation handover experiment. The realization of the system has the very prominent realistic significance, especially provides the experiment platform for the research of the multi-robot telecooperation system.

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Straßmann, Carolin, Astrid M. Rosenthal-von der Pütten e Nicole C. Krämer. "With or against Each Other? The Influence of a Virtual Agent’s (Non)cooperative Behavior on User’s Cooperation Behavior in the Prisoners’ Dilemma". Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2018 (20 settembre 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2589542.

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Most applications for virtual agents require the user to cooperate. Thus, it is helpful to investigate different strategies for virtual agents to evoke the user’s cooperation. In the present work (N = 80), we experimentally tested the influence of an agent’s (non)cooperative nonverbal behavior and actual decision-making behavior on user’s cooperation in the Prisoners’ Dilemma considering different age groups (students and seniors). Therefore, we used a 2 (nonverbal behavior) x 2 (age group) between-subjects design in Wizard-of-Oz study. Results show age differences with seniors cooperating more often than students do. The nonverbal behavior had no effect on the users’ willingness to cooperate nor on the evaluation of the agent’s cooperativeness. However, the agent’s decision-making behavior in the game influenced the users’ willingness to cooperate. In summary, the nonverbal behavior seemed to be too subtle, while the actions of the agent were important in terms of cooperation.

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Joly, Marine, Jérôme Micheletta, Arianna De Marco, Jan A. Langermans, Elisabeth H. M. Sterck e Bridget M. Waller. "Comparing physical and social cognitive skills in macaque species with different degrees of social tolerance". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, n. 1862 (13 settembre 2017): 20162738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2738.

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Contemporary evolutionary theories propose that living in groups drives the selection of enhanced cognitive skills to face competition and facilitate cooperation between individuals. Being able to coordinate both in space and time with others and make strategic decisions are essential skills for cooperating within groups. Social tolerance and an egalitarian social structure have been proposed as one specific driver of cooperation. Therefore, social tolerance is predicted to be associated with enhanced cognitive skills that underpin communication and coordination. Social tolerance should also be associated with enhanced inhibition, which is crucial for suppressing automatic responses and permitting delayed gratification in cooperative contexts. We tested the performance of four closely related non-human primate species (genus Macaca ) characterized by different degrees of social tolerance on a large battery of cognitive tasks covering physical and social cognition, and on an inhibitory control task. All species performed at a comparable level on the physical cognition tasks but the more tolerant species outperformed the less tolerant species at a social cognition task relevant to cooperation and in the inhibitory control task. These findings support the hypothesis that social tolerance is associated with the evolution of sophisticated cognitive skills relevant for cooperative social living.

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Melis, Alicia P., e Dirk Semmann. "How is human cooperation different?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, n. 1553 (12 settembre 2010): 2663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0157.

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Although cooperation is a widespread phenomenon in nature, human cooperation exceeds that of all other species with regard to the scale and range of cooperative activities. Here we review and discuss differences between humans and non-humans in the strategies employed to maintain cooperation and control free-riders. We distinguish forms of cooperative behaviour based on their influence on the immediate payoffs of actor and recipient. If the actor has immediate costs and only the recipient obtains immediate benefits, we term this investment. If the behaviour has immediate positive effects for both actor and recipient, we call this a self-serving mutually beneficial behaviour or mutual cooperation. We argue that humans, in contrast to all other species, employ a wider range of enforcement mechanisms, which allow higher levels of cooperation to evolve and stabilize among unrelated individuals and in large groups. We also discuss proximate mechanisms underlying cooperative behaviour and focus on our experimental work with humans and our closest primate relatives. Differences in the proximate mechanisms also seem to contribute to explaining humans' greater ability to cooperate and enforce cooperation.

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