Tesi sul tema "Contrôle humain"
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Charron, Sylvain. "L'architecture fonctionnelle intégrant le contrôle cognitif et le contrôle motivationnel dans le cortex préfrontal humain". Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/65/10/87/PDF/these_sylvain_charron.pdf.
Testo completoThe prefrontal cortex subserves executive function, the high-level cognitive ability that allows humans to generate behavior which does not depend only on external stimuli but also on internal goals. In this thesis we investigate the interaction between cognitive and motivational processes involved in executive function. We propose that the key concept to understand the functional architecture of lateral and medial prefrontal cortices is time-scale of information integration, which drives the fractionation of control processes along a caudo-rostral axis. Accordingly, posterior prefrontal regions drive immediate behavior adaptation on the basis of information conveyed by a stimulus and its context. Middle prefrontal regions are involved in maintaining over a series of trials a set of behavioural rules and processing their associated values. During a cognitive branching, the left and right medial prefrontal cortices can separately encode the values associated with delayed and ongoing task. The frontopolar region integrates these values and controls dual-task performance. Thus the functional properties of frontopolar and medial prefrontal cortices, despite being limited to the processing of two concurrent tasks, may play a critical role in the ability to generate complex behavior by coordinating ongoing task and future goals
Charron, Sylvain. "L'architecture fonctionnelle intégrant le contrôle cognitif et le contrôle motivationnel dans le cortex préfrontal humain". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00651087.
Testo completoArioui, Hichem. "Conception, Mécatronique et Contrôle des Plateformes dédiées aux Applications Centrées Humain". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621269.
Testo completoBouallaga, Isabelle. "Contrôle transcriptionnel du papillomavirus humain de type 18 : dissection d'un enhanceosome viral". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077063.
Testo completoBattivelli, Emilie. "Contribution de TRIM5α humain dans le contrôle de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077147.
Testo completoThe interaction of HIV-1 capsid (ÇA) with cellular proteins influence viral infectivity. The ÇA binds cyclophilin A (CypA) and interacts with the restriction factor TRIMSalpha. Our studies have evaluated several aspects of ÇA interaction with these cellular proteins. Numerous TRIM5 isoforms exist due to alternative splicing. We have demonstrated that TRIMSalpha represents only 50% of total TRIM5 transcripts and have identified two previously uncharacterized isoforms with dominant-negative activity against TRIMSalpha. We have shown that their physiological levels of expression can reduce the TRIMSalpha activity in human cells. HuTRIMSalpha exerts a modest inhibition on the replication of laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strains. We have shown that HIV-1 viruses carrying ÇA sequences from clinical isolates can be more sensitive to huTRIMSalpha and that this sensitivity can be modulated by CypA and the TRIMSalpha alleles expressed by the target cells. We showed that the increased sensitivity to huTRIMSalpha of some clinical strains is due to the presence of CTL escape mutations in capsid epitopes. A study with HLA-B57+ patients who spontaneously control or not the viral replication and HLA-B57 negative patients found that viruses from HLA-B57+ patients are more sensitive to huTRIMSalpha, that the sensitivity to this factor correlates with the plasma viral load of patients and that one CTL escape mutation in ÇA epitope is an important determinant of this sensitivity. Taken together, our results suggest that the immune pressure exerted by huTRIMSalpha and viral sensitivity to this restriction factor are determinants that influence the ability of the host to control viral replication
Evrard, Paul. "Contrôle d'humanoïdes pour réaliser des tâches haptiques en coopération avec un opérateur humain". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807094.
Testo completoGhislin, Stéphanie. "Contrôle épigénétique sur les capacités invasives des cellules tumorales dans le mélanome humain". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077224.
Testo completoThe chemotherapy currently used to treat metastatic melanoma has a very low efficiency, the study of mechanisms involved in its development is essential to develop new therapies. However it is complicated due to the existence of high plasticity, with conversions between proliferative phases and invasive phases, the latter being associated with dedifferentiation. We first showed that melanoma cells cultured in three dimensions in a defined medium for growing neurospheres were polarized to a state invasive and overexpressed Oct4 and Nanog. To explain the observed transcriptional dysregulation, we analyzed the epigenetic changes which take place in these conditions and showed significant changes at the level of histone H3. We then identified the protein PHF19 as an important factor in the phenotypic switching, but not involved in regulating the expression of Oct4 and Nanog, suggesting the involvement of at least another factor. Thus we have shown that P-Akt is an inhibitor of the expression of these two genes and an activator that of PHF19, thus suggesting a central role of Akt pathway in the phenotypic conversion. We also sought to identify some molecules involved in extra vasation of melanoma cells. We have shown that melanoma lines can express JAM-A and/or JAM-C, molecules involved in transendothelial migration in lymphocyte. Thus we have shown that JAM-A inhibits the transmigration of melanoma cells while JAM-C favors
Voinson, Marina. "Émergence et contrôle des épidémies dans les populations humaines". Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R063.
Testo completoInfectious diseases have shaped the history of the human species. Nowadays, the emergence of new pathogens threatens public health. Understanding the interaction between pathogen ecology and human behaviour can help understanding the dynamics observed in human populations. In this thesis, two main axes were studied: the epidemic dynamics of emerging infectious diseases (EID's) in human populations and the impact of human behaviour on the control of infectious diseases. The epidemic dynamics of emerging pathogens is poorly understood because it is often studied without taking into account the effect of their characteristics, namely their persistence in a reservoir population and their ability to emerge in a broad range of species. For the first time, we modeled the dynamics of EID's and highlighted that transmission from both the reservoir and intermediate populations are critically important to consider in order to understand the many and unpredictable outbreaks that can be observed. Thereafter, the impact of human behaviour on infectious diseases control was studied by considering two aspects, vaccination decision-making and cultural practices. We show that consideration of cognitive biases related to vaccination decision-making and the interaction between behaviour and epidemiology can lead to the fluctuations observed in vaccination coverage. Finally, the study of cultural practices has shown that, although often assumed to favour the spread of pathogens in a population, certain practices can limit disease transmission. The results taken together suggest that an ecological approach is key for predicting the dynamics underpinning the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and adapt control strategies
Voinson, Marina. "Émergence et contrôle des épidémies dans les populations humaines". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR063.
Testo completoInfectious diseases have shaped the history of the human species. Nowadays, the emergence of new pathogens threatens public health. Understanding the interaction between pathogen ecology and human behaviour can help understanding the dynamics observed in human populations. In this thesis, two main axes were studied: the epidemic dynamics of emerging infectious diseases (EID's) in human populations and the impact of human behaviour on the control of infectious diseases. The epidemic dynamics of emerging pathogens is poorly understood because it is often studied without taking into account the effect of their characteristics, namely their persistence in a reservoir population and their ability to emerge in a broad range of species. For the first time, we modeled the dynamics of EID's and highlighted that transmission from both the reservoir and intermediate populations are critically important to consider in order to understand the many and unpredictable outbreaks that can be observed. Thereafter, the impact of human behaviour on infectious diseases control was studied by considering two aspects, vaccination decision-making and cultural practices. We show that consideration of cognitive biases related to vaccination decision-making and the interaction between behaviour and epidemiology can lead to the fluctuations observed in vaccination coverage. Finally, the study of cultural practices has shown that, although often assumed to favour the spread of pathogens in a population, certain practices can limit disease transmission. The results taken together suggest that an ecological approach is key for predicting the dynamics underpinning the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and adapt control strategies
Guyot, Boris. "Contrôle de l'expression de l'adaptateur moléculaire MONA (Monocytic adaptor) dans le système hématopoïétique humain". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10079.
Testo completoClément, Céline. "L'ontogenèse du contrôle temporel du comportement humain envisagé comme un système dynamique non linéaire". Lille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL30027.
Testo completoBonnal, Sophie. "Contrôle de l'initiation alternative de la traduction du facteur de croissance fibroblastique 2 humain". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30113.
Testo completoBillon, Magali. "Contrôle temporel dans la production de séquences de mouvements périodiques : étude comportementale chez l'homme". Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11016.
Testo completoCharrier, Laetitia. "L'apoptose dans l'épithélium intestinal humain : hiérarchisation des étapes d'exécution - contrôle par le monoxyde d'azote (NO)". Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT23VS.
Testo completoIn intestinal physiology, apoptosis is a cellular function leading to a "clean" cell death that participates in epithelial barrier homeostasis. As any other physiological function, apoptosis comprises execution mechanisms which are coupled to intracellular signaling systems and cellular receptors, and are activated by extracellular mediators. In colonic cancer, a deficient expression of apoptosis-activating receptors (Fas) or receptor-proximal proteins could account for the resistance of various colonic cancer cell lines to apoptotic stimuli. The execution mechanisms of apoptosis in both human normal intestinal epithelium and colonic cancers have not been extensively elucidated yet. Finally, the capacity of some physiological mediators to regulate apoptosis in the human normal intestinal epithelium or in colonic cancers is not well known. The aims of this work were twofold. The first aim was to examine the expression by the human intestinal epithelium of DFF45, a protein known to be involved in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in mice, and to determine its role in the apoptosis of the intestinal barrier. . . .
Fauteux, Philippe. "Conception d'un actionneur adapté à l'interaction physique dans un contexte de robotique". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1529.
Testo completoLavoie, Marc-André. "Développement et contrôle d'un bras robotique basé sur l'actionneur différentiel élastique". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1494.
Testo completoHeintz, Benoît. "Électronique embarquée pour un actionneur adapté au contrôle d'interaction". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1552.
Testo completoHyafil, Alexandre. "Du lien entre flexibilité cognitive et motivation dans le cortex préfrontal humain". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066167.
Testo completoTouahri, David. "Investissement dans le capital humain et risque : Fondements théoriques et perspectives empiriques". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454634.
Testo completoLemoine, Marie-Pierre. "Coopération hommes-machines dans les procédés complexes : Modèles techniques et cognitifs pour le contrôle de trafic aérien". Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0821b192-7376-49d6-ba14-abc99ab0917a.
Testo completoDelalez, Samuel. "Vokinesis : instrument de contrôle suprasegmental de la synthèse vocale". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS458/document.
Testo completoThis work belongs to the field of performative control of voice synthesis, and more precisely of real-time modification of pre-recorded voice signals. In a context where such systems were only capable of modifying parameters such as pitch, duration and voice quality, our work was carried around the question of performative modification of voice rhythm. One significant part of this thesis has been devoted to the development of Vokinesis, a program for performative modification of pre-recorded voice. It has been developed under 4 goals: to allow for voice rhythm control, to obtain a modular system, usable in public performances situations as well as for research applications. To achieve this development, a reflexion about the nature of voice rhythm and how it should be controlled has been carried out. It appeared that the basic inter-linguistic rhtyhmic unit is syllable-sized, but that syllabification rules are too language-dependant to provide a invariant inter-linguistic rhythmic pattern. We showed that accurate and expressive sequencing of vocal rhythm is performed by controlling the timing of two phases, which together form a rhythmic group: the rhythmic nucleus and the rhythmic link. We developed several rhythm control methods, tested with several control interfaces. An objective evaluation showed that one of our methods allows for very accurate control of rhythm. New strategies for voice pitch and quality control with a graphic tablet have been established. A reflexion about the pertinence of graphic tablets for pitch control, regarding the rise of new continuous musical interfaces, lead us to the conclusion that they best fit intonation control (speech), but that PMC (Polyphonic Multidimensional controllers) are better for melodic control (singing, or other instruments).The development of Vokinesis also required the implementation of the VoPTiQ (Voice Pitch, Time and Quality modification) signal processing method, which combines an adaptation of the RT-PSOLA algorithm and some specific filtering techniques for voice quality modulations. The use of Vokinesis as a musical instrument has been successfully evaluated in public representations of the Chorus Digitalis ensemble, for various singing styles (from pop to contemporary music). Its use for electro music has also been explored by interfacing the Ableton Live composition environnment with Vokinesis. Application perspectives are diverse: scientific studies (research in prosody, expressive speech, neurosciences), sound and music production, language learning and teaching, speech therapies
Avrin, Guillaume. "Modélisation du contrôle moteur humain lors de tâches rythmiques hybrides et application à la commande de robots anthropomorphes". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS334.
Testo completoThe identification of the neurbiological principles underlying human motor control is a very active reseach topic. Indeed, human movement has a level of robustness and dexterity still unmatched by robots. The objective is therefore to better understand the origin of this efficiency to replicate these performances in robotics. It has been shown that spinal rhythm generators, known as Central Pattern Generators (CPG), are responsible for the generation of rhythmic movements such as locomotion and respiration in vertebrates. These CPG constitute dynamic nonlinear systems modulated by sensory signals and descending signals from the cortex to adapt the behavior to the changing environment.The present study hypothesizes that visual information is also coupled to the CPG and that these couplings are responsible for the temporal and spatial synchronization observed during rhythmic visuomotor tasks. This assumption is confronted with experimental results from human participants performing ball bouncing, a well-known benchmark in neuroscience and robotics for its intrinsic dynamic properties. This task allows for the investigation of rhythmic movement generation by spinal networks, the temporal synchronization with the environment, the on-line correction of spatial errors and the interception of ballistic projectiles.This thesis proposes an innovative mathematical behavioral model based on a neuronal oscillator whose attractor, which defines the paddle trajectories, is modulated on-line by the visual perception of the ball trajectory. The relevance of the model is validated by comparison with experimental data and models previously proposed in the literature. The robustness of this control strategy is quantified by an asymptotic stability analysis. The bio-inspired controller presented in this thesis harmoniously combines a prospective control of the ball-paddle synchronization, an intermittent parametric control that scales the movement and a control emerging from the coupled system limit cycle. It efficiently reproduces the human modulation in motor action and performance during ball bouncing, without relying on movement planning or explicit internal representation of the environment. The results of this study lead to the realistic assumption that much part of the human behavior during ball bouncing is directly structured by sensory information and on-line error correction processes, in agreement with the behavioral dynamics theory. This control architecture holds promise for the control of humanoid robots as it is able to ensure stability and energy saving through control laws of reduced complexity and computational cost
Acier, Bruno. "Contribution à la conception et à l'évaluation d'interfaces hommes-machines par l'analyse du comportement visuel d'un superviseur humain". Valenciennes, 1990. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/69b553f9-24df-4c35-b2e4-eec4fc2adcfe.
Testo completoFortineau, Vincent. "Couplage physique humain robot lors de tâches rythmiques en interaction avec l'environnement : estimation de l'impédance mécanique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST077.
Testo completoRobots are more inclined to interact with humans or their environment for collaborative purposes. Knowledge on the human endpoint vis-coelastic properties during physical interactions provides insights for the field of human movement science and also for the design of innovative bio-inspired collaborative robotic control strategies. In this work, the focus is placed on a simplistic linear mechanical model of the human arm, with endpoint apparent parameters like stiffness, damping and mass. Perturbation rejection behaviours occuring remarkably during physical interactions can be met using this modelling.In order to estimate those properties for the human arm, an experimental test-bed was designed using an endpoint admittance controled polyarticulated robot. A benchmark task was used so that rhythmic movements emerged, while haptic feedback were introduced by the robot. A methodology to identify the linear parameters of the chosen impedance model was designed, tackling the issue of the estimation of virtual trajectories of the arm during dynamic movements. The estimations of the arm's virtual trajectories both in position and force relied on spline interpolations and sine optimisations, for small deviations that did not alter the performances of the task.A cohort of participants took part in experiments proposed to observe significant variations of the viscoelastic apparent parameters, and improve the understanding of the implications of such variations during a physical interaction with a robot. The famous trade-off between stability and transparency while the robot is coupled with an environment was then study thanks to the obtained estimations, to enhance the tuning of the endpoint admittance control empirically designed
Aressy, Bernadette. "Expression de la phosphatase CDC25B et points de contrôle du cycle cellulaire". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/518/.
Testo completoCell cycle checkpoints are responsible for monitoring the quality of a cell division cycle, and in particular to ensure the preservation of our genetic heritage. Thus, if our DNA is damaged, cells activate signaling pathways in order to block cell cycle progression. At the transition between the G2 and M phases, the activation of this signaling pathway leads to the inhibition of CDC25 phosphatases whose direct consequence is the ruling of the cycle progression and activation of either the repair process or the apoptotic death. Regarded as an oncogene, CDC25B is overexpressed in many cancers and abnormal increase of its expression is associated with aggressive tumor phenotype and poor prognosis. However, the causes and consequences of CDC25B overexpression in cancer remain unclear. Here, we report that in p53-/- colon carcinoma cells, a moderate increase in the CDC25B level is sufficient to sensitize cells to genotoxic agents and ionizing radiations. High levels of CDC25B impair the DNA damage checkpoint and increase in spontaneous mutagenesis, a phenomenon that might potentialize oncogenic process. Our work strongly suggests that the expression level of CDC25B might be a potential key parameter of the cellular response to cancer therapy. Study of the causes of CDC25B overexpression in cancers lead us to deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB). Although we did not manage to detect any DUB that modulate CDC25B stability in response to genotoxic stress, we identify DUB that influence G2/M transition. .
Lavoie, Brigitte. "Contrôle corticospinal et segmentaire pendant la marche, le maintien de la posture et les mouvements volontaires chez l'être humain". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36293.pdf.
Testo completoCaron, Emmanuelle. "Etude de l'interaction "Brucella"/macrophage humain : implication du TNF alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha) dans le contrôle de l'infection". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20273.
Testo completoPoulin, Richard. "Contrôle de la prolifération cellulaire par les stéroïdes chez la lignée de cancer du sein humain ZR-75-1". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29318.
Testo completoTran, Minh Tuan. "Approche neuro-robotique pour le contrôle des systèmes anthropomorphiques". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446797.
Testo completoBaudet, Nathalie. "Maîtrise de la qualité visuelle des produits - Formalisation du processus d'expertise et proposition d'une approche robuste de contrôle visuel humain". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807304.
Testo completoPaeye, Céline. "Morphogénése et variabilité au sein du système oculo-moteur". Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30011/document.
Testo completoA large body of computational research has been devoted to understanding motor control.This approach, using saccadic adaptation as an example of sensorimotor learning, postulates specialized mechanisms responsible for a motor calibration or optimization processes of cost functions. This thesis dissertation provides an alternative view of oculomotor learning byshowing that saccadic amplitude distributions can be altered by their own consequences.First we manipulated saccadic gain medians. We eliminated the postsaccadic retinal error (either by extinguishing the target during the saccade or by stabilizing its image on the fovea) and provided auditory or visual consequences after the saccades meeting amplitude criteria. This reinforcement procedure could induce gain changes similar to saccadic adaptation obtained via a conventional double-Step paradigm.Then we showed that part of saccadic amplitude variability may be controlled by operant learning. Saccadic gain distributions were reinforced with a tone depending on variability criteria.Our data suggested that oculomotor variability may not result solely from an internal randomnoise. Finally we designed a new paradigm involving a visual search task in which presenting atarget was effective to reinforce various saccadic amplitude variability levels. This means that in real life, seeing the target is a consequence controlling (at least in part) saccadic properties.These results show that a general operant learning process, depending on the functional consequences of eye movements, can guide changes in saccadic amplitude. This may be critical to maintain saccadic accuracy during the lifespan
Nugier, Armelle. "Déviance, émotions morales, et contrôle social informel : le rôle des émotions dans la régulation des comportements contre-normatifs". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20008.
Testo completoTamiji, Susan. "Interactions fonctionnelles des voies de contrôle de l'apoptose et de la différenciation cellulaire lors du renouvellement physiologique de l'épiderme humain". Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S015.
Testo completoThe epidermis is a continuously renewing stratified squamous epithelium consisting mainly of keratinocytes organized into biochemically, morphologically and functionally distinct layers. The basal cell layer is composed of undifferentiated keratinocytes with proliferative potential, which after a limited nimber of divisions enter into a pathway of terminal differentiation. In the upper stratum granulosum, biosynthetic activity of the differentiating keratinocytes ceases and the process of programmed cytoplasmic and nuclear destruction begins culminating in cell death. Terminally differentiated keratinocytes are dead squams with no nucleus. The final step of terminal differentiation converting the live keratinocytes into dead corneocytes is a cluster of events involved in classical apoptosis, including transglutaminase activation, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation to nucleosomal size and also caspase activation. Terminal differentiation of keratinocyte is indeed a more elaborate form of programmed cell death. Keratinocyte, as specialized dead cells still have to fulfill their biological function. In this study, we showed that in keratinocytes, the apoptotic-like mitochondrial impairements correlate with the differentiation-related changes, thus supporting the concept of epidermal differentiation being dependent on mitochondria-mediated apoptotic machinery. Kinetics studies established that differentiation-related changes, including growth arrest, flattened morphology, stratification, and keratin 10 (K10) expression, were downstream of mitochondrial depolarization and proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-including factor. Our data suggest that the same mitochondria-affecting stimuli can induce either differentiation or apoptosis, depending on the keratinocyte's competency to undergo differentiation. Better understanding of mechanisms controlling differentiation will permit us to develop better therapeutics in treating skin disorders including cancer, resulting from abnormal differentiation
Viau, Joël. "Développement et validation expérimentale d'un système d'embrayages magnétorhéologiques pour le contrôle de robot à tendons". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8055.
Testo completoNormand, Guillaume. "Rôle du suppresseur de tumeur p14 arf dans les points de contrôle du cycle cellulaire et l'apoptose dans le cancer humain". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11TO59.
Testo completoDhaouadi, Nedra. "Le facteur de croissance transformant beta (TGF-β) dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires (CMLV) de l'athérome humain : contrôle transcriptionnel et impact fonctionnel". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10325.
Testo completoIt is accepted that the TGF-β is atheroprotective. Its beneficial contribution atherosclerosis seems to be opposed by IL -1β that is the archetype of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our goal is, first, to understand the transcriptional regulation of TGF-β in human vSMCs in carotid atherosclerosis from the transcriptomic data obtained from 32 patients in both atherosclerotic plaques (ATM) and in the adjacent macroscopically intact tissue (MIT) and, secondly, to study the antagonism of the effects of TGF-β and IL-1β on vSMCs cultured from MIT samples. We followed two approaches: (1) a bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomic data from the microarrays; (2) an in vitro study of the human vSMCs. In silico, we have shown that the involvement of KLF6 in the transcription of TGFB1 was specific to the vSMCs. Our results also identify potential new transcription factors (SLC2A4RG, GABP and SALL2) that are vSMC-specific and could promote the atheroprotective role of TGFB1 in carotid vSMCs. The balance between the FT activating or inhibiting the expression of TGFB1 allows the fine tuning of its transcription. Our in vitro approach showed that IL-1β induces in the vSMCs an inflammatory phenotype associated with an elastolytic activity resulting mainly from the increase in the expression of cathepsin S (CTSS). Neutralization of endogenous TGF-β in the vSMCs de-represses the expression of the CTSS and exerts an additive effect to that of IL-1β on the expression of the enzyme. In conclusion, the expression of TGFB1 in the vSMCs is submitted to a cell-specific transcriptional control. It is possible to develop pharmacological approaches that maintain the expression the expression of TGFB1 in the arterial wall at the level required allowing TGF-β1 to exert its atheroprotective effects
Pavan, Laëtitia. "Contrôle de l'invasion trophoblastique humaine par le récepteur nucléaire PPARgamma et ses ligands : nouveaux éléments pour la compréhension de la physiopathologie de la Pré-éclampsie". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077138.
Testo completoSylla, Nahéma. "Contribution à l'assistance robotisée du geste au travail : modélisation, analyse et assistance du geste". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20135/document.
Testo completoThe emergence of Musculo-Squelettal Disorders (MSD) in the industry is a real blight, having major socioeconomic consequences in France. In order to reduce work painfulness and MSD risks, some industries are committing to modifying workstations by assisting operators with robotic devices. Following this MSD prevention policy, PSA Peugeot Citroen aims to use cobots or exoskeletons as assistive devices to improve workers conditions. However, implementing this type of robot in factories requires quantifying their ergonomic benefit. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to develop a method to assess collaborative robot that are intended to be used in PSA Peugeot Citroen factories. In this framework, the right mono-arm ABLE exoskeleton, designed by the CEA-LIST has been used. With a biomechanical analysis of an industrial manipulation task, we have been able to assess the benefit of the exoskeleton in terms of physical load reduction. We also proposed in this work to assess neuromuscular mechanisms underlying the industrial task performed in interaction with the exoskeleton. On the basis of the human motor control theory and using an inverse optimisation method, objectives functions such as jerk, joint torque or energy that characterize the human manipulation task in terms of efforts, kinematics and execution time, have been identified. This improved understanding of human upper limb movements then allowed reviewing the exoskeleton design in order to propose an optimal command strategy adapted to the execution of industrial tasks
Tarbouriech, Sonny. "Dual-Arm control strategy in industrial environments". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS111.
Testo completoThe growing need for flexibility in industrial settings leads to reconsidering the way robotic systems are exploited in such environments. It follows that the relationship between humans and machines has to evolve in favor of more proximity, by letting them share the same workspace and physically interact together.With this in mind, this thesis aims at contributing beyond the state of art in the control of dual-arm robots for collaborative purposes in an industrial context. We propose a generic online kinematic control approach based on an admittance control law which enables safe manipulation of objects in physical collaboration with humans. The controller solves a acrfull{qp} optimization problem to find the joint space motion that satisfies the task space command while respecting a set of constraints (e.g. joint limits, collision avoidance).The kinematic solver can be tuned to generate parsimonious solutions at the joint velocity level, meaning that as few actuators as possible are activated to achieve the tasks. This induces potentially safer behavior in an unstructured environment shared with humans.Dual-arm platforms are sometimes extended to include additional robots (e.g., mobile base, articulated torso, ...). In this thesis, we also present an original hierarchical method for the control of multi-robot systems.An open-source implementation of the work, acrfull{rkcl}, is available. It implements all the components described in this thesis and can be easily configured to work with new robots. Throughout the developments, experimental validations have been performed on the dual-arm mobile cobot BAZAR
Blachon, Jean-Luc. "L'ordre juridique public à l'épreuve des sciences de la vie : nature et modalités du contrôle politico-légal des technico-sciences biomédicales". Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble ; 1990-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21039.
Testo completoThis study endeavours to describe the nature and methods of political and legal control of biomedical techno-sciences. The human body is an indicator since its transformation into a technical object has brought it to the attention of state authorities. The 1994 bio-ethical laws form the foundation of the analysis. The materialisation of the body with the functional desire for continously improving health have been translated into a collective need to place it in another symbolic reference system (part i). The law has enabled the body of the individual to be joined to the cultural and legal heritage represented by human rights. This undertaking is founded on alternatives which are variations of the fundamental paradigm of modern times - techno-sciences and democracy, techno-sciences and law, objects and subjects, things and persons. The examination of the legal control of the economic and technical bases of biology and medicine (part ii) has shown the impossibility of maintaining these alternatives unchanged. The law cannot in pratice restrict its action to within such dualistic and divisive limits. Obliged to control, the law has revealed the hybrid nature of the human body. To ensure that biology and medicine are controlled the law has introduced regulations which acknowledge the interactions between science and the law, between the object and the subject, etc. Bioethical law has been developed from the french model of relations between state and society. The methods of state intervention, the explicit admission of the interest of research and public health, and the recognition of the dignity of the human being have placed collective interest (represented by the state) at the heart of the relationship between individual and science. In other terms, those of values, it is less the individual but more the collectivity which has determined the extent of state intervention
Hurter, Christophe. "Caractérisation de visualisations et exploration interactive de grandes quantités de données multidimensionnelles". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610623.
Testo completoHinss, Marcel. "Interaction humain/système de drones et facteurs humains : Prise en compte de l'estimation de l'état de fatigue d'un opérateur dans le design d'interactions adaptatives pour le contrôle de drones longue endurance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0035.
Testo completoUncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) are common in many industries and an important pillar ofmany modern militaries. While technology advances rapidly, military long-endurance UASstill suffer from high rates of human error-related mishaps, especially when operators experience mental fatigue.In particular, the frequent switching between tasks required by operators presents an opportunity for improvement. Cognitive flexibility, the mental ability to switch between tasks or responses, is an important executive function. However, little research has investigated cognitive flexibility during complex tasks such as UAS control. In this thesis we address this lack, and the possibility of mitigating the adverse effects of fatigue on cognitive flexibility was also explored. For this, visual alerts were developed to inform participants when they had to switch between tasks. To increase the effectiveness of visual alerts, their use should be restricted to periods of poor performance (e.g. due to mental fatigue), during which the positive impact ofvisual alerts may be maximized.Passive Brain-Computer Interfaces (pBCI) and physiological computing systems using electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG) and eye-tracking may detect sub-optimal states, such as mental fatigue. Detecting mental states poses several theoretical issues. Most notably, a mental state is not necessarily a good performance indicator. Directly estimating performance, on the other hand, has proven to be more challenging for BCIs and Physiological Computing, partially because performance can be defined in many ways.Following several interviews with operators, 5 experiments were designed. (i) The firstexperiment, the Double Task Switching (DTS) experiment, tests a novel behaviouralprotocol to investigate cognitive flexibility and the effects of similarity on task-switching costs.Results showed that switching between similar and dissimilar tasks significantly differs in accuracy and reaction time. This experiment is followed by (ii) a second behavioural paradigm investigating whether the mere presence of visual alerts can improve performance. It builds on the DTS protocol and is called the DTS-II experiment. The results of this study show that visual alerts without any prior explanation do not appear to improve performance when switching between tasks.Two further experiments explore the possibility of using EEG, ECG and eye-tracking to detect mental fatigue during realistic UAS simulations. (iii) The Remot3e experiment (Remote search, 3 Es for EEG, ECG & Eye-Tracking) focuses on a search task. It constitutes a primary investigation into the differences between Time-on-Task (TOT) and performance-based mental fatigue estimation. Then, (iv) the UASOS (UAS Operator Simulation) experiment combines the DTS protocol and the Remot3e Task, adding a navigation task to recreate some of the fundamental aspects of UAS operations. Both experiments highlight the difference in using different definitions of mental fatigue for constructing and training physiological computing systems.Notably, Time-On-Task (TOT, the time a participant has been performing a task) and task performance are compared.Finally, (v) we investigate if visual alerts can be used to adapt an adaptive interface inUAS simulations to improve performance. For this, Visual Alerts were added to the UASOSexperiment. The preliminary results highlight the impact of a simple adaptation on behaviour within a complex work environment.The work in this manuscript shows that cognitive flexibility should be considered a priorityin human factor research and that simple adaptations, such as visual alerts, can improve cognitive flexibility. It also highlights the importance of mental fatigue and how different definitions of the construct (based on performance or TOT) can result in major performance differences when researching pBCIs and Physiological Computing systems
Colombel, Jessica. "Analyse du mouvement humain pour l'assistance à la personne : apport de la robustesse de l’observation et de l’analyse par contrôle optimal inverse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0210.
Testo completoBiological motion has a lot of information, both physical and cognitive. Studies have shown that it is possible to determine a person's gender, emotion and even identity. These characteristics are accessible from information on the dynamics of the movement of polyarticulated bodies (e.g. the movement of the articulation points). Understanding and interpreting a person's behavior and state are abilities related to empathy. It is a faculty common to all mammals and is based on certain neural systems including, among others, mirror neurons. Given that empathy is an important part of social interactions in humans and more generally in animals, we can ask ourselves how our relationship with robots can be inspired by it.This leads us to the following problem: can robotic assistance to people use the interpretation of human movement, rich in physical and cognitive information, as a modality to improve the Human-Robot Interaction?To answer this question, we are working on observation tools and on a method of motion analysis that can be used in real time by a robotic system.Initially, we worked on the observation tools of human movement. Our objectives of robotic assistance in an ecological environment require the installation of sensors that affect the person's actions as little as possible. We have therefore chosen to study the Microsoft Kinect sensor which is an accessible depth sensor allowing to recover the Cartesian positions of the joints and extremities of the body. However, this type of sensor is subject to measurement noise that would prevent a fine analysis of the movement. We have therefore developed two methods to improve the measurement of this sensor based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF): an anthropometrically constrained EKF and a sensor fusion EKF. We have done the first study on the 2nd generation Kinect and the second on the 2nd and 3rd generations, allowing to highlight the differences between these two sensors.In a second time, we were interested in motion analysis methods and more specifically in the problem of Inverse Optimal Control (IOC). The objective of IOC is to identify the weights associated with a set of cost functions to be optimized to generate a given trajectory. In this thesis, we seek to analyze in real time human motion trajectories whose measurements, coming from sensors, are noisy. We have studied the reliability of the IOC resolution method called Approached, as a function of the measurement noise. We also provide an original approach to the IOC that poses a new view of the optimality of trajectories and allows us to introduce the concepts of Singularity Curves and Projection. We show in this paper tools to better understand and take into account the robustness issues of IOC
Steiner, Kelly. "Étude des mécanismes du contrôle sensorimoteur pour la spécification de nouvelles métriques d'évaluation du coût cognitif". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS064.
Testo completoIn the field of aeronautics, and particularly in neuro-ergonomics, assessment of the cognitive load on pilots is essential to reduce flight risks and improve the design/understanding of cockpit elements (flight controls, pilot aids). The complexity of the piloting task (sensorimotor and cognitive aspects) determines the workload associated with different flight situations, through flight qualities. The latter can be defined as the ease with which an aircraft can be controlled by the pilot. This notion of ease is assessed by the pilot's cognitive workload when controlling the aircraft's movement. There are various types of measures of this cognitive load, such as subjective, physiological or performance measures, but it is mainly subjective measures that are used. All these measures of cognitive load have their advantages and limitations in aeronautical applications, where the environment is highly demanding and constraining. Thus, a pilot action control approach could be complementary to these more particularly subjective measures of workload.To establish an activity-dependent measure, it is necessary to have a detailed, multi-level understanding of the action control mechanisms associated with variation in cognitive load. This approach could improve the limitations of some existing measures. In this context, Fitts' law represents an interesting tool for studying motor behavior during movement execution in conditions with standardized environments involving variations in cognitive load. With this method, it is possible to characterize the relationship between certain motor control mechanisms and the measure of cognitive load associated with the task.The aim of this thesis is to provide metrics for assessing cognitive load, based on the modeling and characterization of motor control mechanisms observed in stick activity. This study is conducted by investigating the relationship between aspects of motor control (kinematics, electromyography) and the measurement of cognitive load (NASA-TLX questionnaire) across different levels of environmental constraints.To establish this approach, we had the following objectives: (1) to characterize the relationship between task difficulty, motor control and movement optimality (kinematics, EMG), (2) to characterize the relationship between the different levels of movement analysis and measures of workload more classically used in the field of ergonomics (NASA-TLX), then to describe their sensitivity to task difficulty, (3) to evaluate our metrics in the context of an ecological helicopter flight situation. To address the first two thesis objectives, we carried out an initial laboratory experiment. This experiment was a classic Fitts reciprocal pointing task. To meet the last objective, we carried out flight tests involving an ADS33 maneuver similar to a Fitts task in the field
Jacobelli, Simon. "Rôle du système immunitaire dans le contrôle des infections par les papillomavirus humains". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T037.
Testo completoT cell immunity is involved in the defense against human papillomaviruses (HPV). Incidence and prevalence of HPV-induced clinical lesions are high in immunocompromised patients and concern oncogenic and/or non oncogenic cutaneous and mucosal HPV. In this work, T-cell immunity against HPV was studied in 2 models of HPV infection: - Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like eruptions in the setting of HIV infection: clinical, virological et immunologic features were studied in a series of patients. The nadir of CD4+ T lymphocytes, the intensity and the length of T CD4+ deficiency were related on the development of clinical lesions induced by both bêta HPV or alpha HPV. The inefficacy of antiretroviral therapy on HPV-induced clinical lesions suggests that anti-HPV T-cell responses were ineffective. - Couples with women presenting with HPV16-induced classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and their healthy male partners, who were longitudinally followed for 18 months. Anti-E2 protein T-cell responses are a marker of efficient control of HPV infection, either after treatment in women, or spontaneously in men. Since E2 protein is absent from viral particles, the presence of anti-E2 T-cell responses in healthy male partners indirectly proves that they have been infected by replicative HPV16. These results provide a strong argument in favor of prophylactic HPV vaccination of young men to decrease the spread of mucosal HPV diseases
Benchiheub, Mohamed-El-Fatah. "Contribution à l'analyse des mouvements 3D de la Langue des Signes Française (LSF) en Action et en Perception". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS559/document.
Testo completoNowadays, Sign Language (SL) is still little described, particularly for what concerns the movement of articulators. Research on SL has focused on understanding and modeling linguistic properties. Few investigations have been carried out to understand the kinematics and dynamics of the movement itself and what it brings to understand the LS SL generated by models. This thesis deals with the analysis of movement in the French Sign Language LSF with a main focus on its production as well as its understanding by deaf people.Better understanding the movement in SL requires the creation of new resources for the scientific community studying SL. In this framework, we have created and annotated a corpus of 3D motion data from the upper body and face, using a motion capture system. The processing of this corpus made it possible to specify the kinematics of the movement in SL during the signs and the transitions.The first contribution of this thesis was to quantify to what extent certain classical laws, known in motor control, remained valid during the movements of SL, in order to know if the knowledge acquired in motor control could be exploited in SL.Finding relevant information of the movement that is crucial for understanding SL represented the second part of this thesis. We were basically interested to know which aspects of the movement of SL production models should be replicated as a priority. In this approach, we have examined to what extent deaf individuals, whether signers or not, were able to understand SL according to the amount of information available to them
Barot, Camille. "Scénarisation d'environnements virtuels : vers un équilibre entre contrôle, cohérence et adaptabilité". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980537.
Testo completoWavelet, Cindy. "Contrôle génétique de la biosynthèse des déterminants antigéniques glucidiques Sda et sLex dans le côlon humain : Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène B4GALNT2". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10219.
Testo completoThe B4GALNT2 gene encodes the β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II enzyme that controls expression of the histo blood group antigen Sda (GalNAcβ1,4[Neu5Acα2-3]Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R). This carbohydrate antigen is detected in human tissues primarily in the gastrointestinal tract. It is expressed in healthy colon and tends to disappear in colon cancer, whereas the sLex antigen (Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4[Fucα1-3]GlcNAc-R) normally absent in healthy colon appears in colic cancer cells. However, molecular mechanisms underpinning expression of sLex tumor antigen at the expense of Sda antigen remain largely unknown. The B4GALNT2 gene drives the expression of several transcripts with alternative first exon named E1S (Short) and E1L (Long) arising from the use of two different transcriptional start sites located 200 bp apart from each other. To understand the transcriptional mechanisms that govern B4GALNT2 gene expression in colon, we have established the B4GALNT2 transcript expression profile in various cell lines and tissues using Q-PCR and we have undertaken an identification of essential regulatory genomic regions of the B4GALNT2 gene. The relative quantification of each transcript indicated that the short transcript variant of B4GALNT2 is the major transcript expressed in colic cells, and in colon and stomach, and is dramatically reduced in cancer colon. We report on the delineation of a minimal promoter region using transient cell expression of genomic deletion constructs harboring the luciferase reporter gene in healthy colic (or not) and gastriccell lines. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay experiences allowed us to highlight protein-nucleic acid interactions in this minimal promoter region. Transcription factor binding sites were determined by bioinformatics analysis of the minimal promoter region. Mutation of these sites by directed mutagenesis allowed us to determine their implication in the regulation of the B4GALNT2 gene. Finally, in cellulo fixation of these transcription factors to the minimal promoter region of the B4GALNT2 gene was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Our data further suggest that the short B4GALNT2 transcript is predominantly expressed in healthy colon and is regulated by a combination of various transcription factors such as Ets-1, DMP1 or Sp1
Gilbert, Emmanuelle. "L'épissage alternatif comme mécanisme de contrôle de l'expression du gène codant pour le récepteur-2 aux facteurs de croissance des fibroblastes". Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT2096.
Testo completoLecine, Patrick. "Contrôle transcriptionnel du gène CD25/IL-2R(alpha) humain : mécanisme biphasique impliquant les familles de facteurs de transcription Rel/NF-kB, SRF, Stat et Ets". Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22083.
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