Tesi sul tema "Contrôle des concentrations – Droit – États-Unis"
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LACHAPELLE, PHILIPPE. "La notion de gains d'efficacite au sein du controle des concentrations. Evolution comparee des droits americain et europeen. Assouplissement aux etats-unies et renforcement dans l'union europeenne ?" Lyon 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO33024.
Testo completoKerimol, Anne-Tulin. "L'efficacité du contrôle des concentrations : étude comparée des systèmes européen et américain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100153.
Testo completoThe understanding of concentration phenomena has taken various forms since the enactment of the first competition law in 1890, up to the issuance of the Hart Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act in 1976 in the United States and in Europe by the Council Regulation of December 21, 1989, entirely revised in 2004. From these successive developments, each system retains remnants. This dissertation examines the direct transcultural and historical relationship that can exist between the current institutional forms and the effectiveness of administrative action. Indeed, competition authorities existed before the a priori control of concentrations and structured themselves in harmony with their legal traditions. In Europe, they adopted forms that do not oppose the imposition of unilateral rules on companies by the public authority, a power largely denied in the United States. The latter has a decentralized and multidimensional intervention mode, both temporally - spanning both ex ante and ex post - and in terms of involved regulatory entities - with the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission having concurrent jurisdiction - and in the material scope of control, which applies to all transfers of shares or assets. The European Union, on the other hand, has a control that primarily falls under ex ante, is subject to fixed thresholds, and retainsexclusive jurisdiction, benefiting from the powerful tool of automatic suspension until the issuance of an administrative decision. While the administrative nature of the a priori control of concentrations is viewed by the civil and economic society as an appropriate method for assessing the potential harm of mergers and acquisitions, the institutional and decision-making forms in which it is integrated remain a topic of debate. European and American control authorities manage to break free from their cultural foundation to evolve towards greater efficiency
Van, Peteghem Emmanuel. "Les concentrations transatlantiques d'entreprises". Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0003.
Testo completoSince 1986, mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures have increased and the European and American industrial structures have changed. Since the economic markets are international, competition between the legal systems of the United States and the European Union has been created. As such, there are a lot of differences in the procedure and the fundamental questions. These differences increase the cost of the mergers, delays the operations, create a complex procedure. In addition, since the public interests (employment, environment,) are concerned by a merger, a harmonisation of the legal systems seems to be difficult. Thus, the best solution seems to be the cooperation between the competition authorities
Herlet-Molinié, Cécile. "Le contrôle de la Cour Suprême sur l'égalité d'accès aux emplois aux Etats-Unis". Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020081.
Testo completoLaurent-Bellue, Bernard. "Les défenses aux offres de prise de contrôle aux États-Unis d'Amérique". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010265.
Testo completoDefenses used by target company managers to resist hostile tender offers under us federal and state corporate law can be put into broad classifications. Depending on wether the defenses are typically invoked after a particular takeover attemp@t is on the horizon, or as a prophylactic measure well before such an attempt. As it was legally acknowledged that a target can resist against a raider, the fact that the law remains silent on the role of the board of directors of a target during a hostile tender offer, led the courts to determine the obligations of the target company managers resisting a hostile tender offer. In order to regulate tender offers, the legislator of various states first enacted statutes with a view to limit the number of such tender offers but with no success and then defined legal rules aimed at defeating improper tender offers and mitigating the inadequacies contained in the courts decisions
Saunier, Claire. "La doctrine des « questions politiques ». Étude comparée : Angleterre, France, États-Unis". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020034.
Testo completoAs guardians of the respect of the laws and the constitution, judges often have to face cases that question the legality of decisions from the highest executive authorities or from the legislator. Some of those issues are highly politically sensitive because they reflect discretionary choices made by those political authorities. In such delicate cases, judges have to reconcile two imperatives. On the one hand they have to provide a remedy to the claimants, in order to achieve the rule of law (or, the État de droit) and decide the case and, on the other hand, they have to respect the fundamental principle of the separation of powers which requires that they do not exceed their powers. Those two imperatives are central in western democracies, therefore this problem appears in various legal systems. A similar device has been elaborated in those different systems. French, American and English judges have indeed decided to isolate certain issues, which seemed to make them improper for judicial resolution. This judicial category can be designated by the term “political questions,” which is used in the American case law. This term also suits other categories found in the French case law, such as the “actes de gouvernement” and “actes parlementaires”, but also in the English case law, where judges refused to decide what they call “Acts of State” or some decisions based on the Royal Prerogative. In spite of the important cultural differences between those systems, it is interesting to see that those categories gather similar decisions. In other words, these “political questions” doctrine reflect the idea that political matters could be distinguished from legal matters. The whole point of this research will be to examine the significance of the dichotomy between law and politics, through the analysis of case law related to the “political questions” doctrine and the doctrinal approaches of this category
Franc-Menget, Laurence. "Le contrôle judiciaire des sentences arbitrales internationales en droit américain et français". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020001.
Testo completoKlein, Luc. "Le contrôle institutionnel de la force armée en démocratie". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA010.
Testo completoThis dissertation aims at understanding how contemporary democratic systems deal with the existence of the armed forces within them and how they manage to use them, while respecting their principle of government. The two methods chosen are, on the one hand, the history of the institutions and, on the other hand, the study of the parallels between the legal systems (mainly that of the United States and of France). Using these tools, the dissertation aims at finding a balance both vertical (between the constitutionnal powers and the armed forces) and horizontal (between the constitutionnal powers themselves regarding the armed forces)
Darquey, Philippe. "Les changements fondamentaux dans la société et la protection des actionnaires minoritaires en droit américain". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010292.
Testo completoComprehensive study of american regulations and case-law applicable to fundamental corporate changes decided by the board of directors and majority shareholders (voluntary changes) : changes in the structure of the assets or shares capital (partial sale of assets, recapitalization and dilution of minority interests. Reverse stock splits), changesprompting the disappearance of the company (mergers, sale of all assets, dissolution). Study of the modalities of such changes : freeze-outs and going private. Study of unvoluntary coporate changes : sale of control, tender offer (federal and state regulations), tender offers defenses. Study of the appraisal right and the current methods for valuation of shares. Confirmation that the appraisal right is not an exclusive remedy and study of other specific means of minority protection : study of judicial actions and available causes of action (fiduciary duties of management and majority stockholders, specific applications in case of tender offers, directors liabilities)
Mimiague, Madeleine. "Les Drug Master Files type I et type II : application à une unité de fabrication d'injectables". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P072.
Testo completoGlotova, Elizaveta. "La circulation des normes pénales : études empiriques des mouvements actuels des normes pénales en Europe et aux États-Unis". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1032/document.
Testo completoThe circulation of legal norms is a phenomenon studied by an international research current named policy transfer studies which has however little interest in criminal norms. Nevertheless, during the last several decades, the globalization processes have made the circulation of these norms faster, more intense and more complex. Based on three case studies, our work shows how the circulation of criminal norms is widely influenced by European harmonization processes, by the diffusion of the neoliberal ideology that accompanied a punitive turn in the criminal policies of most European countries and by the emergence of transnational crimes that require similar solutions. We will characterize the limits of these convergences and analyze them in several theoretical frameworks borrowed from the sociology of deviance in order to understand their implications for those who want to grasp the legislative process on the national level
Wang-Foucher, Haiying. "Pouvoirs de l'administration et garanties du contribuable dans la vérification de l'entreprise : (étude comparative : France, Chine, Royaume-Uni et États-Unis)". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010266.
Testo completoZarate, Pérez Anibal Rafael. "L'indépendance des autorités de concurrence, analyse comparative, Colombie, France, Etats-Unis". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020031/document.
Testo completoAlthough Competition Agencies‘ independence is commonly explained through the necessity of objective expert decision-making, such necessity is not sufficient to legitimize their isolation from the government. Absent of democratic foundations and in apparent contradiction with the principle of Separation of Powers, "Independent" Competition Agencies attain their legitimacy from the conjunction of multiple institutional guarantees, control mechanisms and procedures, none of which may overshadow the others. Any effort to determine the role that the idea of independence plays in the institutional design of Colombian competition agencies requires an examination of these guarantees and mechanisms, as well as a comparison of their status to that of French and American agencies; whose institutional arrangement has influenced the constitution of Colombian authorities. Whilst the components of the independence vary in every analyzed jurisdiction (as there is not a unique institutional scheme of ―Independent‖ Agency), this study reveals that certain institutional guarantees recognized to agencies in France and in the United States, which grant them vast discretionary decision-making power, are not present in the specific case of Colombian agencies. Assuring a higher level of independence for Colombian competition authorities, by conferring them some of these guarantees, lean on a simultaneous effort to reinforce control mechanisms, procedures and instruments for citizen participation in the regulatory process. The construction of the independence of Competition Agencies – in both its organizational and functional dimensions – commands the design of institutional constraints. Maintaining a balance over these constraints to agency discretion not only constitutes a source of legitimacy, but equally becomes an effective means to safeguard their independence from external factors
Besson, Gaël. "La prudence du juge : l'exemple japonais". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0115/document.
Testo completoWhat is the judge's prudence? The question is not new, but the authors are more interested in the reasons of prudence (the why) than in the way of this prudence (the how). In this research, we opt for the second approach: prudence is a set of techniques used by the judge. What are these techniques, these doctrines of prudence? Some, such as divided society or political issues, undermine the very idea of the judiciary. Others, such as legal interest or disposability, prevent access to court. And in the particular lawsuit of the norm that is the control of constitutionality, some allow the judge to avoid the question put to him, to avoid to look at the text of law that one asks him to sanction, and especially to avoid looking at the constitution. We will present these doctrines and their diverse origins. They are American, German, French and for the most creative of them, Japanese. If the Japanese judge is considered one of the most cautious in the world to have strike down in only 60 yeans a handful of statutes, if 90% of the administrative disputes result in a victory of the state, reason and manner are found in these doctrines
Leturcq, Alexandra. "Proportionnalité et droits fondamentaux : recherches comparées sur le travail du juge américain au regard des expériences canadienne, sud-africaine et de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1006.
Testo completoThere is no general proportionality principle in the United States but, if not always recognized, the review appears in the Supreme Court's case law. For most part of the legal community its techniques reveal american exceptionalism. Other ones say this remark deserves some qualification in view of right's limitation. This study historically begin with the US v Carolene products case ending a period by which the Court invalidated most statutes restricting economic liberties. Thus, the Lochner Era was called « Government by the judiciary ». By the « levels of review » doctrine she found a way to prove her legitimacy, making the standard of justification depends on the nature of the right limited. This « substantial fundamental rights'constraint » rationalized her work and contributed towards a new theory of judicial review. However many jurisdictions share the same self-restraint as their american neighboor. With regard to the techniques of proportionality review, the canadian Supreme Court, the south african Constitutional Court and the European Court present several common characteristics in spite of their specific experience. Two modes of « balancing » highlight convergence and difference between those four legal systems. Stare decisis especially conditions methodological and normative coherence in the United states, having an influence on the fundamental right's constraint. It curbs differently the judicial expanding power of interpretation. According to a comparative perspective the american particularism should be revealed by their definition and their effect on a differentiated right's guarantee
Jestin, Kevin. "La notion d'abus de convention fiscale : réflexions à la lumière des droits français et américain". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0461.
Testo completoContemporary international fiscal law is undergoing a period of upheavals regarding the use of tax treaties. The research will lead to an interest in the different type of abuse that, thanks to the work devoted by the BEPS, are under the spotlight. It was necessary to shed some new light on the notion of tax treaty abuse that had long remained in the background. Faced with the absence of an unanimously adopted approach, many characteristics will be highlighted by insisting on the functional dimension of the notion which follows the form of a standard. In the context of a comparative analysis conducted in the light of French and American law, the object of the research is to analyse its several aspects from a new perspective by defining precisely the modalities of controlling abusive schemes. How judges deal with tax treaty avoidance strategies will be analysed. The various internal and international anti-abuses mechanisms will be discussed, highlighting the points of divergence and convergence of U.S. and French tax treaty policies. Attention will be paid to the conflicts of law regarding the juxtaposition of different tax order. The idea that under the effect of the multilateral instrument the notion of tax treaty abuse has acquired a distinct individuality will be defended. It will be important to specify what are the consequences for the application of the notion by the French judge
Bouazzaoui, Rhita. "Réglementations Financières et Gouvernance par les Risques : le cas des entreprises non-financières françaises soumises à la réglementation Sarbanes Oxley". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100045.
Testo completoRisk oriented disclosure is a central issue of listed companies communication. Many Risk-based regulations have been implemented in the US and Europe to promote transparency about risks and controls mechanisms. Under the requirements of the SOX, executives must certify the public company’s financial results (section 302) and have to issue a report on the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting (section 404). The increase of mandatory risk reporting leads to the question of whether or how the French non-financial companies cross-listed in the US and France are compliant with these regulations. In this context and across corporate communication, it is argued that different levels of risk control’s formalization can highlight original typology of compliance and corporate governance. This research uses a longitudinal case study in order to explore the implementation of risk control measures and the risk narrative disclosure strategies to enhance organizational legitimacy. The collected data (interviews, risk disclosures within annual reports) are subject to a content analysis through COSO2. A second step is a statistical analysis to discriminate strategic responses over the time and between companies. Empirical observations point to different strategic responses to institutional processes based on two periods as well as economic and strategic business concerns. The first phase shows that risk control process is structured in order to build the auditability of organization. While, in the second phase companies develop different strategic responses more consistent with their concerns
Huguenin-Vuillemin, Louis-Xavier. "Le contrôle des pratiques anticoncurrentielles au sein des marchés de l'Union Européenne, des États-Unis et du Canada : perspectives d'un droit antitrust international". Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2460.
Testo completoThe purpose of this memoir is to observe how the antitrust authorities of the European Union, the United States of America and the Canada are controlling and enforcing cartels, monopolizations or attempts of monopolizations and mergers and acquisitions which have sometimes the effect of restricting the competition in a specifie market. In order to do so, the differences and similarities between this three different antitrust legislation will be highlight especially those concerning the definition of the relevant market, the qualification and the nature of aIl this practices and the process by which, each authority permit, amend or fordid the supposed infringement. In a second time this memoir will have to demonstrate the basis of the extraterritorial application of their nationallegislation by national antitrust authorities, on foreign market or foreign company. Finally the last goal of this memoir is to take stock on evolution of an international antitrust legislation inspired by a treaty or a multilateral guide, which be bounding for each actor of the economic process.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise en droit des affaires"