Tesi sul tema "Contrôle de trajectoire optimal"
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Maillot, Thibault. "Planification de trajectoire pour drones de combat". Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954584.
Testo completoAjami, Alain. "Modélisation et simulation d'une station mono-opérateur pour le contrôle de drones et la planification de trajectoire". Thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL0009/document.
Testo completoThe presented work is part of a larger project called SHARE, which consists in developing a universal new generation ground control station for the monitoring and the control of fixed and rotary wing UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle).The objective of this PhD thesis is to develop a generic ground control station simulator capable of simulating in real time different types of UAVs, onboard sensors, several flight environments, and various military missions which are defined according to the STANAG 4586 standard. First, we introduce the model of the different parts of the station, and then we present the architecture adopted for the simulator and the control module. The latter is divided into several hierarchical levels; the upper level contains the path planning algorithms for fixed wing HALE (High Altitude, Long Endurance) UAV. These algorithms are used to calculate an admissible path between initial and final position by minimizing a cost function.Finally, in order to manage missions online, we developed a decision support system that is capable of performing a variety of objectives. This system also supplies the operator the best paths proposed by planning algorithms. This tool aims to help the station operator to make the decision by maximizing the rewards obtained during the achieving the objectives and minimizing certain criteria (resource consumption, danger, weather,..)
Ašković, Veljko. "Aerial vehicle guidance problem through the Pontryagin Maximum Principle and Hamilton Jacobi Bellman approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS553.
Testo completoThis thesis is mainly composed of two parts. In the first part, we investigate the large time behavior of the value function associated to an optimal control problem in the finite dimensional case. We first establish the large time asymptotic expansion in the linear quadratic (LQ) theory. We then generalize this expansion to nonlinear dynamical systems more precisely within the class of dissipative systems. In the second part, we solve numerically the guidance problem of an aerial vehicle. We first model mathematically the equations of motion. Then, we implement three methods in order to solve the problem: a direct method, an indirect method based on the continuation process and the shooting method. Finally, we implement a numerical method derived from the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman theory in order to compute optimal trajectories and at the same time the reachable sets
Rousseau, Gauthier. "Optimal trajectory planning and predictive control for cinematographic flight plans with quadrotors". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC086/document.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the autonomous performance of cinematographic flight plans by camera equipped quadrotors. These flight plans consist in a series of waypoints to join while adopting various camera behaviors, along with speed references and flight corridors. First, an in depth study of the nonlinear dynamics of the drone is proposed, which is then used to derive a linear model of the system around the hovering equilibrium. An analysis of this linear model allows us to emphasize the impact of the inertia of the propellers when the latter are tilted, such as the apparition of a nonminimum phase behavior of the pitch or roll dynamics. Then, two algorithms are proposed to generate smooth and feasible cinematographic trajectories. The feasibility of the trajectory is ensured by constraints on its time derivatives, suited for cinematography and obtained with the use of the nonlinear model of the drone. The first algorithm proposed in this work is based on a bi-level optimization of a piecewise polynomial trajectory, in order to find the fastest feasible minimum jerk trajectory to perform the flight plan. The second algorithm consists in the generation of feasible, minimum time, non-uniform B-spline trajectories. For both solutions, a study of the initilization of the optimization problem is proposed, as well as a discussion about their advantages and limitations. To this aim, they are notably confronted to simulations and outdoor flight experiments. Finally, a predictive control law is proposed to smoothly and accurately control the onboard camera
Leparoux, Clara. "Optimal control under uncertainties for the vertical landing of the first stage of a reusable launch vehicle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAE007.
Testo completoThe work in this thesis focuses on the development of a robust trajectory planning and optimal control method. It provides theoretical justifications for the method presented, proving the existence of solutions to the problem formulated. Finally, the method is applied to a trajectory planning problem for the vertical landing of a reusable launch vehicle first stage
Pham, Quang-Cuong. "Etude de trajectoires locomotrices humaines". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066535.
Testo completoHomsi, Saed Al. "Online generation of time- optimal trajectories for industrial robots in dynamic environments". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT027/document.
Testo completoIn the field of industrial robots, there is a growing need for having cooperative robots that interact with each other and share work spaces. Currently, industrial robotic systems still rely on hard coded motions with limited ability to react autonomously to dynamic changes in the environment. This thesis focuses on providing a novel framework to deal with real-time collision avoidance for robots performing tasks in a dynamic environment. We develop a reactive trajectory generation algorithm that reacts in real time, removes the fastidious optimization process which is traditionally executed by hand by handling it automatically, and provides a practical way of generating locally time optimal solutions.The novelty in this thesis is in the way we integrate the proposed time optimality problem in a task priority framework to solve a nonlinear optimization problem efficiently in real time using an embedded system with limited resources. Our approach is applied in a Model Predictive Control (MPC) setting, which not only improves reactivity of the system but presents a possibility to obtain accurate local linear approximations of the collision avoidance constraint. The control strategies presented in this thesis have been validated through various simulations and real-world robot experiments. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new control structure and its reactivity and robustness when working in dynamic environments
Nour, Chadi. "L'équation de Hamlilton-Jacobi en contrôle optimal : dualité et géodésiques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003973.
Testo completoDufour, Kévin. "Génération automatique et sécuritaire de trajectoires pour un robot collaboratif". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11810.
Testo completoAbstract : Because collaborative robots are aimed at working in the vicinity of human workers without physical security fences, they bring new challenges about security. Even if robots can be conceived to be less harmful, their software has to integrate security features in order to be suitable for dynamic human environments. Since classical path planning algorithms require heavy calculations, it is interesting to modify the trajectory in real time to adapt it to the dangerous environment. In this research project, an inverse kinematics solver, in the form of an optimization problem, is used to generate the command of the robot to follow a trajectory defined offline. The addition of security constraints is studied: first, the manipulability index, which reflects the distance of the robot to singular configurations, is considered. Thus, it should be maximized all along the trajectory to ensure the best mobility available. Then the human is integrated by taking into account its comfort: in order to reduce the stress of working near an unpredictable moving robot, the distance between the end-effector and the human gaze is minimized to guarantee a greater visibility of the task. In both cases, we have presented a new formulation of those criteria to integrate them into the optimization problem. Moreover, the collision avoidance constraint is used, as well as the trajectory relaxation, which allows the robot to deviate from its trajectory for a certain amount of time during the task. Finally tests in simulation and with the real Baxter robot from Rethink Robotics validated our approach and the performance has been evaluated in real conditions, using a RGB-D camera and a real time human tracker software.
Talgorn, Bastien. "Décollage en cas de panne moteur : conception automatisée de trajectoire optimale". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/5019/.
Testo completoIn case of engine failure during aircraft takeoff, there is a speed until which the aircraft can still break to abort the takeoff (Rejected takeoff procedure). Above this speed, the aircraft shall continue the takeoff along the SID trajectory (Standard Instrument Departure) despite the lack of thrust caused by the engine failure. The takeoff parameters must be chosen so that the security of the aircraft is guaranteed in both situations. In mountainous landscape, the obstacle clearance constraints can severely penalise the maximum takeoff weight of the aircraft. In this situation, it is possible to use an alternate trajectory: the EOSID (Engine Out Standard Instrument Departure). The ground track of the EOSID is different from the SID. This trajectory, which is only used in case of engine failure, flies over a relief that is less penalizing. This allows to reduce the regulatory obstacle clearance constraints in engine failure case and to increase the aircraft takeoff weight. The conception of an EOSID is an iterative manual on-ground process that needs several softwares. The aim of this thesis is to formulate and automate this process so as to improve the trajectory quality and to reduce the conception workload. In this aim, the conception process has been analysed and modelled as an optimization problem the objective of which is to maximise the maximum takeoff weight and to minimize the trajectory complexity. A trajectory complexity estimation method has hence been defined and integrated along with the weight within a single criterion. Then the problem is solved with a genetic algorithm that has been developed specifically to handle the trajectory definition format
Andreu, Altava Ramon. "Calcul du profil optimal d'un aéronef dans les phases de descente et d'approche". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30026.
Testo completoThe continued increase of air traffic, which doubles every 15 years, produces large economic benefits but poses environmental issues that put at risk the sustainable development of air transport. Other factors such as jet fuel prices volatility, the introduction of new environmental regulations and intense competition in the airline industry, have stimulated in the last years research on trajectory optimization and flight efficiency topics. The Flight Management System (FMS) is an onboard avionic system, standard in all transport aircraft, which is used by flight crews to manage the lateral and vertical flight-plan. Since current avionic systems are limited in terms of computational capacity, the computations performed by their algorithms are usually done on the basis of conservative hypotheses. Thus, notorious deviations may occur between FMS computations and the actual flight profile flown by the aircraft. The goal of this thesis is to develop an onboard function, which could be integrated in future Airbus cockpits, that computes optimal trajectories, readjusts the flight strategy according to the dynamic aircraft condition and minimizes operating costs. Flight energy management principles has been used for optimizing aircraft trajectories in descent and approach phases with respect to fuel consumption, greenhouse gas and noise emissions. The proposed function has been developed on the basis of dynamic programming techniques, in particular the A* algorithm. The algorithm minimizes a certain objective function by generating incrementally the search space. The exploration of the search space gives the optimal profile that links the aircraft current position to the runway threshold, independently of the current flight mode and aircraft energy condition. Results show 13% fuel savings and a decrease of 12% in gas emissions compared with a best-in-class FMS. Furthermore, the algorithm proposes the flight strategy to dissipate the excess of energy in situations where aircraft fly too high and/or too fast close to the destination runway. A preliminary operational evaluation of the computed trajectories has been conducted in the flight simulators. These tests demonstrate that the computed trajectories can be tracked with current guidance modes, although new modes should be required to decrease the workload of flight crews. In conclusion, this paper constitutes a solid background for the generation of real-time optimal trajectories in light of the automation of descent and approach flight phases
Liang, Mincui. "Dynamic Wireless Charging System". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0072.
Testo completoDynamic wireless power transfer is a promising solution for charging electric vehicles while driving. It is, however, technically challenging due to the loosely-coupled and dynamic nature of the system. To address this challenge, this thesis proposed a novel switching point control method to ensure a high and efficient power transfer for a wide range of coupling situations. The thesis took a deep dive into the series-series wireless power transfer and, from both design and control perspectives, thoroughly investigated all the technical aspects which could potentially affect the system performances in theory and practice.From the system design perspective, different theoretical modelling and calculation methods were first derived to compute, select and validate the key components of the system and their parameters. A holistic model-based parametric design and analysis approach was adopted to generate and evaluate design alternatives of the system against specified performance criteria.Consequently, an optimal design of the series-series wireless power transfer system was achieved with a close-to-one resonant frequency ratio and high performances for the wide ranges of coupling situations and operating frequencies. From the system control perspective, systematic analyses were first carried out to thoroughly understand the interrelations between the operating frequencies and output power and identify the optimal frequencies which could be potentially utilised as control variables for optimising the performance of the system. During the process, a power triangle effect was discovered to reveal the causal relationship between frequency, phase shift and power, and to provide insights into the control of dynamic wireless power transfer systems. The primary zero phase angle frequency was used as the basis for developing a phase-plane-based switching point control method for static and dynamic wireless power transfer based only on the primary side state variables without needing any information from the secondary side of the system. Specifically, an innovative voltage corrector was proposed to purposely reshape the control trajectory to match the control law and to reach the control target from both sides of the resonance frequencies, leading to the right control solutions without oscillation for given control radii.The proposed method did not only solve the three major problems related to the control of series-series wireless power transfer systems, i.e. frequency bifurcation, multiple solutions for one control radius and oscillation, but also ensured the system could achieve a high and efficient power transfer under dynamic operating conditions and in the meantime provide self-protection to the wireless power transfer systems
Authié, Colas. "Contrôle visuel du déplacement en trajectoire courbe : approche sensorimotrice du rôle structurant du flux optique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22085.
Testo completoThe main purpose of this dissertation is to determine the role of the direction and movement of the eyes and the head in the perception and control of self-motion in curved trajectories, with respect to the properties of the optical flows generated in a stable environment. To do so, we used two experimental methods: a psychophysical approach which allows to assess human observers' ability to perceive the direction of self-motion; and a behavior-based approach on a driving simulator. The two methods combined should help to highlight active perception of self-motion.The introduction reviews the current knowledge of perceptuo-motor strategies during curve driving. In this context, we put a stress on both (1.) the particular role of the tangent point -- in the driving situation on a delimited road, and on the role of the optic flow in general (apparent transformation of the optic array during self-motion), emphasizing the capability of humans to spatially interpret the movement; and (2.) on the duality between movement and perception. We then address the role of head-and-eye combined movements, in a functional perspective of the control of self-motion. In a first experimental section, we analyze the oriented movements of the head in simulated curve driving. We demonstrate that head movements are independent from the handling of the steering wheel, and that they actively participate in the gaze orientation toward the tangent point.In a second experimental section, we set out to describe the combined movements of head and eyes, with respect to the geometry of the road environment. In a third section, we analyze in more details gaze behavior as a function of the tangent point direction and of the local speed of optical flow. We demonstrate that the tangent point corresponds to a local minimum of optic flow speed and that the global component of the optic flow induces a systematic optokinetic nystagmus. In a fourth section involving a psychophysical study, we scrutinize the effect of varying gaze direction on the discrimination of the direction of self-motion. We show that the trajectory discrimination thresholds are minimal when the gaze is oriented toward an area of minimum flow speed. We finally propose a model of trajectory change detection, relying on a Weber fraction of foveal flow speeds, predicting the experimental thresholds very precisely. The gaze orientation strategies we have observed (combination of head and eye movements) toward the tangent point are compatible with this model and with the hypothesis of an active an optimal selection of the information contained in the optical flow
Trélat, Emmanuel. "Etude asymptotique et transcendance de la fonctionvaleur en contrôle optimal. Catégorie log-exp en géométrie sous-Riemannienne dans le cas Martinet". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086511.
Testo completotrajectoires anormales en théorie du contrôle optimal.
Après avoir rappelé quelques résultats fondamentaux en contrôle
optimal, on étudie l'optimalité des
anormales pour des systèmes affines mono-entrée avec contrainte
sur le contrôle, d'abord pour le problème du temps optimal, puis
pour un coût quelconque à temps final fixé ou non.
On étend cette théorie aux
systèmes sous-Riemanniens de rang 2, montrant qu'on se ramène
à un système affine du type précédent.
Ces résultats montrent que,
sous des conditions générales, une trajectoire anormale est
\it{isolée} parmi toutes les solutions du système ayant les mêmes
conditions aux limites, et donc \it{localement optimale}, jusqu'à
un premier point dit \it{conjugué} que l'on peut caractériser.
On s'intéresse ensuite
au comportement asymptotique et à la
régularité de la fonction valeur associée à un système affine
analytique avec un coût quadratique. On montre que, en
l'absence de trajectoire
anormale minimisante, la fonction valeur est
\it{sous-analytique et continue}. S'il existe une anormale
minimisante, on sort de la catégorie sous-analytique en général,
notamment en géométrie sous-Riemannienne. La présence d'une
anormale minimisante est responsable de la \it{non-propreté} de
l'application exponentielle, ce qui provoque un phénomène de
\it{tangence} des ensembles de niveaux de la fonction valeur par
rapport à la direction anormale. Dans le cas affine mono-entrée
ou sous-Riemannien de rang 2, on décrit précisément ce
contact, et on en déduit une partition de la
sphère sous-Riemannienne au voisinage de l'anormale
en deux secteurs appelés \it{secteur
$L^\infty$} et \it{secteur $L^2$}.\\
La question de transcendance est étudiée dans le cas
sous-Riemannien de Martinet où la distribution est
$\Delta=\rm{Ker }(dz-\f{y^2}{2}dx)$. On montre que
pour une métrique générale graduée d'ordre $0$~:
$g=(1+\alpha y)^2dx^2+(1+\beta x+\gamma y)^2dy^2$,
les sphères de petit rayon
\it{ne sont pas sous-analytiques}. Dans le cas général
intégrable où $g=a(y)dx^2+c(y)dy^2$, avec $a$ et $c$ analytiques,
les sphères de Martinet appartiennent à la
\it{catégorie log-exp}.
Morant, Jérôme de. "Contrôle en temps minimal des réacteurs chimiques discontinus". Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES024.
Testo completoLakshmanan, Vinith Kumar. "Cooperative control of eco-driving trajectories for a fleet of electric connected and autonomous vehicles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST068.
Testo completoElectric Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) that maximize energy efficiency can be considered an integrated approach to meet the various trends, mainly green and digital transition, in the automotive industry. Energy-saving strategies for CAVs on the vehicle level can be categorized into Eco-Routing (ER) and Eco-Driving (ED). With increased penetration of CAVs, such vehicles can cooperate rather than compete for right of way, giving rise to Cooperative Connected and Automated Vehicles (CCAVs). Based on the level of information shared and the motivation for energy efficiency, the behavior of CCAVs can be categorized into Non-Cooperative (NC), Cooperative (C), and Centralized Cooperative (CC) ED strategies. Each CCAV optimizes for itself in NC-ED and shares only its instantaneous states with its neighbors, while in C-ED, it shares its future intentions. Each CCAV's control action optimizes for the entire group in the CC-ED.The main objectives of this thesis are to experimentally assess a known baseline NC-ED strategy for a single CAV; to obtain analytical eco-driving solutions for a fleet of electric CCAVs, with varying levels of cooperation, for platooning and un-signalized intersection scenarios; and to evaluate the influence of the varying levels of cooperation, namely, NC-ED, C-ED, and CC-ED, on fleet energy consumption. The thesis first introduces a known NC-ED strategy for a single CAV that forms the basis for this thesis. ED is formulated as an optimal control problem for an unconstrained and car-following scenario and solved using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP). The baseline NC-ED car-following strategy predicts the lead vehicle's motion under Constant Acceleration (CA) to facilitate analytical closed-form solutions. In a chapter of this thesis, more sophisticated lead vehicle prediction models, namely Constant Acceleration-Average Braking (CA-AB) and EDM-LOS based Predictor (EDM-LOSP), are developed in the absence of V2V communication. The results distinguished the performance of the predictors in urban routes, where the ego vehicle using EDM-LOSP performed better than CA-AB with 4 % energy gain, while CA-AB had 4.5 % over the baseline CA. The baseline NC-ED car-following scenario is extended to a platooning ED scenario. An OCP is formulated for the three levels of cooperation, and analytical solutions are obtained using PMP. Platoons with the three cooperative strategies are evaluated against a baseline using Adaptive Cruise Control in a simulation environment. The results indicate higher energy saving with increased levels of cooperation. The CC-ED platoon performed best with 2.5 % energy saving over the NC-ED platoon on a WLTC High cycle. This thesis further presents an OCP formulated for a set of CCAVs safely crossing an un-signalized intersection while minimizing energy consumption. The OCP is formulated for two levels of cooperation: NC-ED and C-ED. The conflicts that arise in an intersection are analyzed and transformed into constraints. The OCP with the constraints is solved using PMP, and analytical solutions are presented. The two strategies are evaluated against Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) as a baseline for various flow rates. The results indicate that C-ED performs best, with 23.7 % energy gains over IDM. Finally, this thesis presents an experimental implementation of the baseline NC-ED strategy in a Renault Zoe electric car. The ED solutions are implemented via a tablet, that displays the computed optimal speed for the driver to follow in the next second. The implementation of the algorithm consists of two parts: an ED speed profile predicted at the trip's start under certain assumptions and an ED speed profile computed in real-time advising the driver. In this work, the driven profiles are analyzed a posteriori to study the impact of the assumptions made at the start of a trip. The results indicate the importance of having accurate information on traffic and traffic light behavior
Benhima, Abderrahim. "Contribution à l'optimisation dynamique de mouvements de robots-manipulateurs avec génération automatique des équations du problème optimal". Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2278.
Testo completoHoang, Van Duc. "Distance and geometry of the set of curves and approximation of optimal trajectories". Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/05f29d7f-d019-4ee6-8304-dcb9f95be382/blobholder:0/2020LIMO0013.pdf.
Testo completoOptimization problems on the set of curves appear in many fields of applications such as industry, robotic, path-planning and aerospace. This thesis is devoted to study the set of curves and propose a general method for trajectory optimization problems, autonomous ODEs and control of autonomous ODEs. In the first part, we provide a normalization of parametrized curves up to increasing diffeomorphism and use it to define a distance between curves. Then, we study topologies and differential structures on the set of curves. The second part defines a norm on spaces of piecewise cubic Bézier curves and estimates equivalence constants for this norm and some classical norms. The last part proposes a general method to approximate optimal trajectories using piecewise cubic Bézier curves. This idea is applied to autonomous ODEs and control of autonomous ODEs
Losa, Damiana. "Planification de manœuvres à poussée forte vs à poussée faible pour le maintien à poste de satellites géostationnaires". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173537.
Testo completoDès son apparition, la technologie des systèmes de propulsion à poussée faible a rencontré un vif intérêt auprès des agences et des sociétés spatiales. Grâce à sa haute impulsion spécifique (qui implique une basse consommation de carburant), cette technologie est devenue très compétitive par rapport à la technologie traditionnelle des propulseurs chimiques à poussée forte, surtout dans les phases de transfert et rendez-vous des missions spatiales.
Pendant la définition des missions à poussée faible, les analyses de faisabilité des phases de transfert et rendez-vous (via la solution de problèmes d'optimisation de trajectoire) ont été réalisées avec des solutions d'optimisation alternatives. En effet, pendant ces phases, il est nécessaire d'activer les systèmes de propulsion à faible poussée sur des longues portions du temps de transfert.
Par conséquent, les problèmes d'optimisation de trajectoire à poussée forte (typiquement formulés en temps discret) ont été remplacés par des problèmes d'optimisation de trajectoire à poussée faible formulés en temps continu et résolus par des techniques de contrôle en temps continu.
Le premier objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre quel est l'impact de la technologie à faible poussée lors de l'analyse de faisabilité de la phase de maintien à poste de satellites géostationnaires. Nous étudions en particulier l'impact de l'utilisation des systèmes de propulsion à faible poussée sur la planification de manœuvres et sur la boucle entière de maintien à poste géostationnaire.
L'étude consiste à déduire si la planification de manœuvres à poussée faible est compétitive au regard des stratégies classiques de planification couramment employées pour des manœuvres à poussée forte.
Généralement, les stratégies classiques à long terme pour le maintien à poste sont déduites de modèles de propagation d'orbite simplifiés (en fonctions des paramètres orbitaux moyennés) par la conjonction des trois facteurs suivants : la forte poussée des propulseurs, la dimension de la fenêtre de maintien à poste pas très contraignante ainsi que la possibilité d'exécuter des manœuvres à basse fréquence.
Dans le cadre de cette thèse, compte tenu du faible niveau des poussées et des contraintes strictes en position (fenêtres de maintien à poste petites), nous considérons comme plus appropriés l'hypothèse d'une plus haute fréquence de manœuvres et l'utilisation d'un modèle de propagation d'orbite en fonction de paramètres osculateurs.
Pour la planification de manœuvres, nous proposons une solution par approche directe : le problème de maintien à poste en tant que problème de contrôle optimal est discrétisé et traduit en un problème d'optimisation paramétrique. Deux techniques différentes d'optimisation sont proposées : l'optimisation sous contraintes à horizon fixe et celle à horizon glissant.
Cette deuxième technique est appliquée aux équations linéarisées du mouvement préalablement transformées via un changement de variable à la Lyapunov sur l'état des déviations des paramètres équinoxiaux osculateurs. Cette transformation de Lyapunov définit des nouveaux paramètres orbitaux. Elle rend le processus de planification plus compréhensible du point de vue du contrôle et plus facile à implémenter d'un point de vue numérique, grâce aux concepts de platitude et inclusion différentielles.
Les résultats de la planification de manœuvres à poussée faible sont obtenus dans un premier temps en fonction des changements de vitesse, dans un deuxième temps en fonction des forces engendrées par les tuyères des systèmes de propulsion classiques. Le but est de déterminer la solution la plus efficace en conditions nominales et en cas de panne d'un des propulseurs.
Le problème du positionnement simultané de plusieurs satellites dans une même grande fenêtre de maintien à poste n'est pas adressé explicitement. Il est implicitement résolu en proposant une technique fine de contrôle pour maintenir chaque satellite à poste dans une fenêtre de dimension très petite.
Chen, Zheng. "Minimisation L¹ en mécanique spatiale". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS229/document.
Testo completoIn astronautics, an important issue is to control the motion of a satellite subject to the gravitation of celestial bodies in such a way that certain performance indices are minimized (or maximized). In the thesis, we are interested in minimizing the L¹-norm of control for the circular restricted three-body problem. The necessary conditions for optimality are derived by using the Pontryagin maximum principle, revealing the existence of bang-bang and singular controls. Singular extremals are analyzed, and the Fuller phenomenon shows up according to the theories developed by Marchal [1] and Zelikin et al. [2, 3]. The controllability for the controlled two-body problem (a degenerate case of the circular restricted three-body problem) with control taking values in a Euclidean ball is addressed first (cf. Chapter 2). The controllability result is readily extended to the three-body problem since the drift vector field of the three-body problem is recurrent. As a result, if the admissible controlled trajectories remain in a fixed compact set, the existence of the solutions of the L¹-minimizaion problem can be obtained by a combination of Filippov theorem (see [4, Chapter 10], e.g.) and a suitable convexification procedure (see, e.g., [5]). In finite dimensions, the L¹-minimization problem is well-known to generate solutions where the control vanishes on some time intervals. While the Pontryagin maximum principle is a powerful tool to identify candidate solutions for L1-minimization problem, it cannot guarantee that the these candidates are at least locally optimal unless sufficient optimality conditions are satisfied. Indeed, it is a prerequisite to establish (as well as to be able to verify) the necessary and sufficient optimality conditions in order to solve the L¹-minimization problem. In this thesis, the crucial idea for establishing such conditions is to construct a parameterized family of extremals such that the reference extremal can be embedded into a field of extremals. Two no-fold conditions for the canonical projection of the parameterized family of extremals are devised. For the scenario of fixed endpoints, these no-fold conditions are sufficient to guarantee that the reference extremal is locally minimizing provided that each switching point is regular (cf. Chapter 3). If the terminal point is not fixed but varies on a smooth submanifold, an extra sufficient condition involving the geometry of the target manifold is established (cf. Chapter 4). Although various numerical methods, including the ones categorized as direct [6, 7], in- direct [5, 8, 9], and hybrid [10], in the literature are able to compute optimal solutions, one cannot expect a satellite steered by the precomputed optimal control (or nominal control) to move on the precomputed optimal trajectory (or nominal trajectory) due to unavoidable perturbations and errors. In order to avoid recomputing a new optimal trajectory once a deviation from the nominal trajectory occurs, the neighboring optimal feedback control, which is probably the most important practical application of optimal control theory [11, Chapter 5], is derived by parameterizing the neighboring extremals around the nominal one (cf. Chapter 5). Since the optimal control function is bang-bang, the neighboring optimal control consists of not only the feedback on thrust direction but also that on switching times. Moreover, a geometric analysis shows that it is impossible to construct the neighboring optimal control once a conjugate point occurs either between or at switching times
Daoud, Bilel. "Contribution au controle optimal du problème circulaire restreint des trois corps". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696163.
Testo completoNayet, Aymeric. "Improvement of a trajectory optimization software for future Ariane missions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS591.
Testo completoThis thesis work is about the improvement of an ArianeGroup in-house software dedicated to the optimization of launcher trajectories. The original version is able to find a minimum consumption trajectory for an upper stage of a three-stage launcher outside the atmosphere in one or two boosts through a fully automatic method. The goal is to build on this existing work to create a method capable of finding an upper stage trajectory for a two-stage launcher. The specificity is that the stage has a lower initial velocity, a heavier mass and it is ignited at a lower altitude. The improvements also concern the addition of a maximum thermal flux constraint, a ballistic duration constraint and a fairing jettisoning constraint on a thermal flux criterion. Moreover, the new software is now able to target different combinations of orbital parameters. We take advantage of the work done on two-stage launchers to make the software capable of jettisoning a lower stage and thus optimizing the transfer of a three-stage launcher since the ejection of boosters. All these improvements are based on subsequent mathematical developments and novelties about hybrid optimal control problems, in particular when the dynamics of the problem is that of the flight of a launcher
Houacine, Mohamed. "Optimisation de trajectoires pour la réduction du bruit et de la consommation de carburant des avions commerciaux durant les phases d’approche et de décollage". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10031.
Testo completoNoise and air pollution from commercial aircraft represent a significant environmental challenge, a public health problem and an economic constraint to the sustainable development of air transport. On the other hand, the economical development of the regions is closely linked to the airline industry. This fact is partly explained by the the globalization of markets that requires the use of fast and competitive means to transport people and goods. We propose a mathematical model to tackle this problem by optimizing flight paths in order to minimize noise emission and fuel consumption. The first step is to express the dynamics of flight of the aircraft. Then comes the synthesis of optimization criteria. The criteria we used in our work are the fuel consumption (criterion of energy) and the perceived noise levels at the ground (criterion of inconvenience for local residents). By combining the two previous parts, and incorporating other constraints related to flight safety, we obtain a mathematical model that belongs to a class of nonlinear optimal control problems. It is a difficult class of optimization problems that raises several difficulties during the construction of solving algorithms. Two different ways can be considered to solve this problem : direct methods and indirect methods. We have developed and implemented a direct method called "Gauss Pseudo-spectral Method" to solve the optimal control problem that we obtained. The choice of this method is based on a very important property that guarantees the equivalence between the use of two schemes : direct and indirect. Results are presented and discussed. Our results provide a new view on flight procedures that minimize noise and fuel consumption during landings and takeoffs. Moreover, the numerical solution also consolidates the potential of CDA approaches which are recommended by ICAO. A comparison with standard procedures and a sensitivity analysis are presented
Benhidjeb, Ali. "Contribution à l'étude de la commande d'un système de type pont roulant : comparaison expérimentale des méthodes analytiques et floues". Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0370.
Testo completoPontier, Monique. "Filtrage et controle de processus stochastiques soumis a des contraintes". Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2016.
Testo completoFeng, Shengli. "Optimal trajectory control of series resonant converter". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64718.pdf.
Testo completoKim, Eulgon. "Optimal helicopter trajectory planning for terrain following flight". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12932.
Testo completoNavarro, Jordan. "Coopération homme-machine en conduite automobile assistée : Contrôle cognitif et contrôle de la trajectoire". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00365077.
Testo completoPennequin, Denis. "Contrôle optimal et oscillations". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010061.
Testo completoOkura, Yuki. "Trajectory Design Based on Robust Optimal Control and Path Following Control". Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242499.
Testo completoKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第21761号
工博第4578号
新制||工||1713(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科航空宇宙工学専攻
(主査)教授 藤本 健治, 教授 泉田 啓, 教授 太田 快人
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Losa, Damiana. "Planification de manoeuvres à poussée forte vs à poussée faible pour le maintien à poste de satellites géostationnaires". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002163/en/.
Testo completoRemeikas, Charles. "Bio-Inspired Cooperative Optimal Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Vehicles". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6017.
Testo completoM.S.A.E.
Masters
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Aerospace Engineering; Space System Design and Engineering
Kamada, Rahul. "Trajectory Optimization Strategies For Supercavitating Vehicles". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4848.
Testo completoFeng, Weiyi. "State-Trajectory Analysis and Control of LLC Resonant Converters". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19327.
Testo completoHowever, unlike PWM converters, the control of the LLC resonant converter is much more difficult because of the fast dynamic characteristic of the resonant tank. In some highly dynamic processes like the load transient, start-up, over-load protection and burst operation, it is hard to control the current and voltage stresses and oscillations in the resonant tank. Moreover, to meet the high power density requirement, the LLC is required to operate at a high switching frequency. Thus the driving of the synchronous rectifier (SR) poses a design challenge as well.
To analyze the fast dynamic characteristic, a graphic state-plane technique has been adopted for a class of resonant converters. In this work, it has been extended to the LLC resonant converter. First of all, the LLC steady state and dynamic behaviors are analyzed in the state plane. After that, a simplified implementation of the optimal trajectory control is proposed to significantly improve the load transient response: the new steady state can be tracked in the minimal period of time.
With the advantages of the state-trajectory analysis and digital control, the LLC soft start-up is optimized as well. The current and voltage stress is limited in the resonant tank during the start-up process. The output voltage is built up quickly and smoothly.
Furthermore, the LLC burst mode is investigated and optimized in the state plane. Several optimal switching patterns are proposed to improve the light load efficiency and minimize the dynamic oscillations. During the burst on-time, the LLC can be controlled to track the steady state of the best efficiency load condition in one-pulse time. Thus, high light-load efficiency is accomplished.
Finally, an intelligent SR driving scheme is proposed and its simple digital implementation is introduced. By sensing the SR drain to source voltage and detecting the paralleled body diode conduction, the SR gate driving signal can be tuned within all operating frequency regions.
In conclusion, this work not only solves some major academic problems about analysis and control of the LLC resonant converter based on the graphic state plane, but also makes significant contributions to the industry by improving the LLC transient responses and overall efficiency.
Ph. D.
Mendy, Paul B. Jr. "Multiple satellite trajectory optimization". Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1255.
Testo completoproblem, with engine thrust as the only possible perturbation. The optimal control problems are solved using the general purpose dynamic optimization software, DIDO. The dynamical model together with the fuel optimal control problem is validated by simulating several well known orbit transfers. By replicating the single satellite model, this thesis shows that a multi-satellite model which optimizes all vehicles concurrently can be easily built. The specific scenario under study involves the injection of multiple satellites from a common launch vehicle; however, the methods and model are applicable to spacecraft formation problems as well.
Major, United States Air Force
Schaupp, Michael. "Development of an optimal control strategy for robot trajectory planning". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244448.
Testo completoArnoult, Guillaume. "Modélisation de la trajectoire d'un projectile gyrostabilisé muni d'un dispositif de contrôle". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST068.
Testo completoThe intensification of urban combat encourages the industrials of terrestrial armament to develop new weapon systems equipped with trajectory modification devices. Deploying these devices during the projectile flight would allow reducing the scattering error in order to narrow the collateral damage. The challenge lies in the development of a device adapted to the flight conditions of a spin-stabilized projectile. An isolated spoiler, installed on a rotatable ring, is chosen as the most adapted control device. This work consists in developing an optimization algorithm for the geometrical parameters of the spoiler and to demonstrate that it is possible to modify concurrently the range and lateral deviation of the projectile. On one hand a neural network model the variations of the aerodynamic coefficients from RANS calculations. On the other hand, the kriging modeling of the objective and constraint functions benefits from the estimation of the modeling error. This allows defining enrichment criteria ensuring a tradeoff between exploration and exploitation of the geometrical domain. The optimization of the spoiler geometrical parameters leads to the identification of an optimal configuration able to achieve the course corrections abilities targeted. ZDES simulations on this particular configuration have been achieved to form a new fidelity level in addition to the RANS evaluations of the aerodynamic coefficients. These simulations lead to a physical characterization of modifications of the boat-tail flow induced by the presence of the spoiler. A wind tunnel campaign provides a validation step to the optimization methodology developed and offers promising perspectives for future work in terms of experimental data inclusion in a numerical database through multi-level surrogate modeling
Blouin, Charles. "Trajectory Optimization of a Small Airship". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33166.
Testo completoDehbi, Nacima. "Contrôle optimal : optimisation d'une production céréalière". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802435.
Testo completoMoussouni, Dehbi Nacima. "Contrôle optimal : optimisation d'une production céréalière". Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2041/document.
Testo completoIn this work, we have solved two practices problems in agriculture by modeling in problems of optimal control. An emphasis is placed on nonlinear control optimal problems, since the output of the resulting models are nonlinear. It provided a way to choose defaults for the weight between minimizing pollution caused by an improper addition of fertilizers and insecticides and maximize cereal production. The first problem is to maximize cereal production taking into account the detrimental effects of pollution generated by adding abusive fertilizers. Subsequently, the second problem, we refined the first problem by introducing the constraint of the presence of locusts. For digital applications, were used actual data from the Algerian Ministry of Agriculture and Data from the National Institute of Plant Protection (INPV)
Hindawi, Mohamad-Ahed. "Transport optimal en théorie du contrôle". Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4108.
Testo completoWe study the mass transportation problem where the assumed cost function is associated to a control system. We are interested in the existence, uniqueness and the regularity of an optimal transport map. At first, we associate to the cost function of the transport problem an optimal control problem of type LQ. There we prove results about existence, uniqueness and regularity of the transport map. The regularity property that we had obtained uses the regularity property in Brenier case after certain construction. Then we associate to the cost function of the assumed transport problem a control system defined on a Lie group. Here we obtain the existence, uniqueness and the regularity of the transport map. In particular we treat the case where the system is bilinear. Finally we study the aforementioned problem but this time we associate to the cost function an affine-control system. Under certain hypothesis, controllability and the absence of singular minimizing controls, we obtain analogues result as in the previous case
Zhu, Jiamin. "Contrôle optimal de l'attitude d'un lanceur". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066093.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we investigate the minimum time control problem for the control and guidance of a launch vehicle, whose motion is described by its attitude kinematics and dynamics but also by its trajectory dynamics. The difficulty of this problem is essentially due to the chattering phenomenon and to the coupling of dynamics of different time scales. With a refined geometric study of the extremals coming from the application of the pontryagin maximum principle, we establish a general result for bi-input control-affine systems, providing sufficient conditions under which the chattering phenomenon occurs. We show how this result can be applied to our problem. Based on this preliminary theoretical analysis, we implement an efficient indirect numerical method, combined with numerical predictor-corrector continuation, in order to compute numerically the optimal solutions of the problem. In case of chattering, two sub-optimal strategies are designed: one is a direct method in which the control is approximated by a piecewise constant control, and the other consists of stopping the continuation procedure before its failure due to chattering. With several additional numerical continuation steps, we apply finally the developed indirect approach to the minimum time-energy pull-up maneuver problem, in which state constraints are also considered, for airborne launchers. Numerical simulations illustrate the efficiency and robustness of our method
Strus, Loïc. "Contrôle de qualité optimal d'applications multimédia". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10134.
Testo completoWe present a method of fine grain QoS control for multimedia applications. The method allows the control of application software whose actions are parameterized by a quality level parameter and whose execution times are unknown. The method allows the construction of a Controller which computes adequate action schedules and corresponding quality levels, so as to meet safety and optimality for a given platform. In other words, we want to have a maximal utilization of the available time budget without exceed it. The Controller uses a quality management policy for choosing, for each action, a schedule and quality levels meeting the QoS requirements. We extend and improve results of previous into two directions. We propose a symbolic quality management method using speed diagrams, a representation of the controlled system's dynamics. From this representation we propose a method allowing relaxing the number of call to the Controller with respect to the QOS requirements. In a second time, we developed a stochastic approach based on probability distribution functions for the execution time of actions. Our method is parameterized according to the importance attributed to deadline misses. This means that the user is given the possibility to express how hard the real time constraints are. Besides, given a value of the parameter, we can compute the expected deadline miss ratio for the controlled application. We present experimental results including the implementation of the method and benchmarks for a video MPEG4 encoder running on a bare machine
Strus, Loïc. "Contrôle de qualité optimal d'applications multimédia". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335812.
Testo completoWesterlund, Andreas. "Sensor-Based Trajectory Planning in Dynamic Environments". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150040.
Testo completoBasset, Gareth. "Virtual Motion Camouflage Based Nonlinear Constrained Optimal Trajectory Design Method". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5116.
Testo completoID: 031001346; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: .; Title from PDF title page (viewed April 18, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-116).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering
Cots, Olivier. "Contrôle optimal géométrique : méthodes homotopiques et applications". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742927.
Testo completoGuilbaud, Fabien. "Contrôle optimal dans des carnets d'ordres limites". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778458.
Testo completoSainvil, Watson. "Contrôle optimal et application aux énergies renouvelables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Antilles, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANTI0894.
Testo completoToday, electricity is the easiest form of energy to exploit in the world. However, producing it from fossil sources such as oil, coal, natural gas,…, is the main cause of global warming by emitting a massive amount of greenhouse gases into nature. We need an alternative and fast! The almost daily sunshine and the important quantity of wind should favor the development of renewable energies.In this thesis, the main objective is to apply the optimal control theory to renewable energies in order to convince decision makers to switch to them through mathematical studies. First, we develop a deterministic case based on what has already been done in the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies in which we formulate two case studies. The first one deals with an optimal control probleminvolving the transition from oil to solar energy. The second deals with an optimal control problem involving the transition from oil to solar and wind energies.Then, we develop a stochastic part in which we treat a stochastic control problem whose objective is to take into account the random aspect of the production of solar energy since we cannot guarantee sufficient daily sunshine
Maji, Abhishek. "Learning model predictive control with application to quadcopter trajectory tracking". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278211.
Testo completoVi utvecklar en lärande modell-prediktiv regulator för energi-optimalt följande av periodiskatrajektorier för en quadkopter. Den huvudsakliga fördelen med denna regulator äratt den är “referensfri”. Dessutom så klarar regulatorn att förbättra sin prestanda medtiden genom att inkorporera inlärning från föregående iterationer. Syftet med den föreslagnalärande modell-prediktiva regulatorn är att över en viss tid lära sig den “bästa”energioptimala trajektorian genom att lära sig den terminala bivillkorsmängden och denterminala kostnaden från historiskt data från tidigare iterationer. Vi har visat hur man kanrekursivt konstruera terminala bivillkorsmängder och terminala kostnader som konvexahöljen respektive konvexa styckvis linjära approximationer av tillstånds- och insignalstrajektoriernafrån tidigare iterationer. Dessa steg gör det möjligt att formulera onlineplaneringsproblemet för regulatorn som ett konvext optimeringsproblem och på så visundvika de komplexa kombinatoriska optimeringsproblemen som ofta krävs för alternativametoder som kan hittas andra publikationer. Den datadrivna terminala bivillkorsmängdenoch terminala kostnaden garanterar inte bara rekursiv tillåtenhet och stabilitet av LMPC,utan även konvergens till en omgivning av den optimala prestandan efter att ha uppnåttjämvikt. Vår LMPC-formulering innehåller linjär och tidsvarierande systemdynamik, somockså lärs från lagrade tillstånds- och insignalstrajektorier från tidigare iterationer.För att visa prestandan av LMPC så simuleras iMATLAB/SIMULINK ett problem ominlärning av quadkopter-trajektorier i det vertikala planet. Just det trajektorieinlärningsproblemetinnehåller icke-konvexa tillståndsbivillkor, vilket gör det resulterande optimeringsproblemetsvårt att lösa. En tangentsnitt-metod är implementerad för att approximera deicke-konvexa bivillkoren med hjälp av konvexa bivillkor, vilket möjliggör lösningen avdet optimala regleringsproblemet med effektiva lösare för konvexa optimeringsproblem.Simuleringsresultaten visar effektivitet av den föreslagna regleringsmetoden.