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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 27 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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1

Cunneen, Chris. "Community Conferencing and the Fiction of Indigenous Control". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 30, n. 3 (dicembre 1997): 292–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589703000306.

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The paper analyses the use of community conferencing for young people in various jurisdictions in Australia in the light of its impact in Indigenous communities. It argues that the manner in which these programs have been introduced has ignored Aboriginal rights to self-determination and has grossly simplified Indigenous mechanisms for resolving conflicts. In most jurisdictions, community conferencing has reinforced the role of state police and done little to ensure greater control over police discretionary decision-making. The changes have also been introduced in the context of more punitive law and order policies, including mandatory minimum imprisonment terms and repeat offender legislation for juveniles. The end result is likely to be greater bifurcation of the juvenile justice system along racialised boundaries, with Indigenous youth receiving more punitive outcomes.

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Logan, Kenneth J., Melody Saunders Mullins e Kelly M. Jones. "The depiction of stuttering in contemporary juvenile fiction: Implications for clinical practice". Psychology in the Schools 45, n. 7 (agosto 2008): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.20313.

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3

STAPLES, WILLIAM G. "Law and Social Control in Juvenile Justice Dispositions". Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 24, n. 1 (febbraio 1987): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427887024001002.

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4

Calicchia, John A., Samuel J. Moncata e Sebastiano Santostefano. "Cognitive control differences in violent juvenile inpatients". Journal of Clinical Psychology 49, n. 5 (settembre 1993): 731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199309)49:5<731::aid-jclp2270490518>3.0.co;2-f.

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5

Huster, René J., Mari S. Messel, Christina Thunberg e Liisa Raud. "The P300 as marker of inhibitory control – Fact or fiction?" Cortex 132 (novembre 2020): 334–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.021.

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6

Hay, Carter, Alex Widdowson e Brae Campion Young. "Self-control stability and change for incarcerated juvenile offenders". Journal of Criminal Justice 56 (maggio 2018): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.08.008.

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7

Cox, Alexandra. "Juvenile Facility Staff Contestations of Change". Youth Justice 18, n. 3 (14 agosto 2018): 248–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225418794104.

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This article explores juvenile facility frontline staff members’ contestations of change of custodial practices aimed at reducing restraints, introducing trauma-informed practices, and downsizing juvenile facilities. Drawing from qualitative research about frontline staff members in a US state undergoing reform, the article points to the ways that the reforms challenge staff members’ investments in behavioral control practices as a vehicle for achieving order and control in their everyday lives as workers. It also points to shifts in the broader political economy on punishment at the local, facility level, and the subsequent impact on staff member perceptions of order, control and criminality.

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8

Xie, Mengmeng, e Chunjing Su. "Childhood abuse and juvenile offenders' aggressive behavior: Selfesteem and self-control as mediators". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 50, n. 7 (6 luglio 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.11407.

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We explored the impact of experiencing childhood abuse on exhibiting aggressive behavior, and the mediating roles of self-esteem and selfcontrol in this relationship. Participants were 425 male juvenile offenders at two prisons in China, who completed the Childhood Abuse Questionnaire, the Self-Esteem Scale, the Self-Control Scale, and the Aggression Questionnaire. As we had predicted, the chain mediating effect of self-esteem and self-control on the relationship between childhood abuse and aggressive behavior was significant. The findings benefit our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between childhood abuse and aggressive behavior among juvenile offenders.

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Patrick, Steven, Robert Marsh, Wade Bundy, Susan Mimura e Tina Perkins. "Control group study of juvenile diversion programs: an experiment in juvenile diversion—the comparison of three methods and a control group". Social Science Journal 41, n. 1 (1 marzo 2004): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2003.10.012.

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Lalevée, Matthieu, Nacime Salomao Barbachan Mansur, Hee Young Lee, Connor J. Maly, Caleb J. Iehl, Caio Nery, François Lintz e Cesar de Cesar Netto. "Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle in Hallux Valgus Deformity. Fact or Fiction? A 3-Dimensional Weightbearing CT Assessment". Foot & Ankle International 43, n. 4 (13 novembre 2021): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10711007211051642.

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Background The Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle (DMAA) was previously described as an increase in valgus deformity of the distal articular surface of the first metatarsal (M1) in hallux valgus (HV). Several studies have reported poor reliability of this measurement. Some authors have even called into question its existence and consider it to be the consequence of M1 pronation resulting in projection of the round-shaped lateral edge of M1 head. Our study aimed to compare the DMAA in HV and control populations, before and after computer correction of M1 pronation and plantarflexion with a dedicated weightbearing CT (WBCT) software. We hypothesized that after computerized correction, DMAA will not be increased in HV compared to controls. Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study including 36 HV and 20 control feet. In both groups, DMAA was measured as initially described on conventional radiographs (XR-DMAA) and WBCT by measuring the angle between the distal articular surface and the longitudinal axis of M1. Then, the DMAA was measured after computerized correction of M1 plantarflexion and coronal plane rotation using the α angle (3d-DMAA). Results: The XR-DMAA and the 3d-DMAA showed higher significant mean values in HV group compared to controls (respectively 25.9 ± 7.3 vs 7.6 ± 4.2 degrees, P < .001, and 11.9 ± 4.9 vs 3.3 ± 2.9 degrees, P < .001). Comparing a small subset of precorrected juvenile HV (n=8) and nonjuvenile HV (n=28) demonstrated no significant difference in the measure DMAA values. On the other hand, the α angle was significantly higher in the juvenile HV group (21.6 ± 9.9 and 11.4 ± 3.7 degrees; P = .0046). Conclusion: Although the valgus deformity of M1 distal articular surface in HV is overestimated on conventional radiographs, comparing to controls showed that an 8.6 degrees increase remained after confounding factors’ correction. Clinical Relevance: After pronation computerized correction, an increase in valgus of M1 distal articular surface was still present in HV compared to controls. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case-control study.

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Rahmatullah, Azam Syukur. "Santri Delinquency From Social Psychology Perspective". Tribakti: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman 33, n. 2 (31 luglio 2022): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v33i2.2761.

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Juvenile delinquency occurs anywhere and anytime, including in Islamic boarding schools. Several studies have shown that students’ problematic behavior is sometimes strange and deviates from the rules of the Islamic boarding school. Therefore, the researcher seeks to deeply examine the juvenile delinquency of students in the Islamic boarding school community. This research is literature research, descriptive research, qualitative research, and exploratory which examines in-depth literature based on General and Social Psychology on Islamic boarding schools to find new aspects related to juvenile delinquency of santri. The analysis used a content analysis study and an in-depth discussion of the written information contents. The results indicated that juvenile delinquency students stem from unhealthy behavior; among the causes; are psychic instability, superego deficiency, control, and defective perceptual function. The therapy for problem students is cognitive behavioral therapy or Cognitive Behavior Modification, which combines cognitive and behavioral approaches to solve problems. Some efforts were: first, initial assessment and diagnosis; second, looking for the root of the problem from negative emotions, thought process deviations, and central beliefs related to the disorder; third, an intervention plan prepared by the counselor to provide positive-negative consequences for counseling; fourth, status formulation, therapeutic focus, behavioral intervention, and fifth is relapse prevention and self-help training

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Frías Armenta, Martha, Nadia Sarai Corral Frías e Martha Esther Serrano Arias. "Social and personal control, legitimacy of authorities, and social cohesion as protective factors of anti-sociality in adolescents". CES Psicología 15, n. 3 (16 settembre 2022): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21615/cesp.5901.

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Law can shape individual and social behavior in different ways including through perceived control and legitimacy of authorities. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether legitimacy of authorities, social and personal control, and social cohesion influence antisocial behaviors in juvenile offenders. The study, included a sample of two hundred juvenile offenders in Mexico, used structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the perception of just treatment by police and judges (i.e., legitimacy) and social and personal control and outcomes of antisocial behaviors and tendencies (self-report and probability of antisocial behavior as well as reports of peer antisocial behavior). Results indicate legitimacy of authorities and personal control had a negative effect while social control showed a positive effect on these behaviors. Social cohesion had a positive effect on social control. Our results suggest that legitimacy of authorities and personal control act as protective factors against antisocial behaviors whereas, contrary to the expected results, social control may be a risk factor. This research highlights the importance of preventative protective efforts in juvenile offenders such as just treatment and development of personal control rather than the use of punitive processes. In this sense, it is important to consider alternatives for judicial involvement and punishment such as community programs as well as cognitive and emotional prevention and intervention efforts to reduce antisocial behaviors. Programs such as the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Program, other cognitive skill interventions as well as developmental prevention programs have shown efficacy.

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Tyson, G. A., e C. R. Stones. "South African Adolescents' Explanations for Juvenile Delinquency". South African Journal of Psychology 32, n. 3 (dicembre 2002): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630203200301.

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Research in other parts of the world suggests that adolescents invoke a multiplicity of causes to explain juvenile offending. The extent to which the different explanations are endorsed appears partly to be a function of cultural and demographic characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate South African adolescents' explanations for delinquency and to examine cultural differences in these explanations. A total of 554 secondary school pupils from two Eastern Cape high schools rated 39 explanations for juvenile offending on a Likert scale. Principal component analysis and a varimax rotation of the responses identified seven factors - Home Environment, Antisocial Tendency, Influencability, Social Control, Emotional Adjustment, Deprivation and Social Alienation. The results showed that there were large differences between the Black and White learners in terms of the perceived importance of a number of the explanatory causes.

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AVAKAME, EDEM F. "Modeling the Patriarchal Factor in Juvenile Delinquency". Criminal Justice and Behavior 24, n. 4 (dicembre 1997): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854897024004005.

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This article attempts to extend power-control theory by (a) explicitly accounting for the ideological component of patriarchy and (b) examining the influences of extrafamilial socialization agents—peer groups, the church, and television—on the development of patriarchal sex-role attitudes, taste for risk, and delinquent activity. Data generated by a study of high school seniors from three Canadian cities were used for the study. There were substantial gender differences among matriarchal, egalitarian, and patriarchal family types in regard to parental relational and instrumental control, but these differences were not in directions suggested by power-control theory. In a similar vein, the data did not support the argument that the analytic focus must extend beyond the nuclear family and its socialization methods to properly account for the development of patriarchal sex-role attitudes.

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Peck, Jennifer H., Michael J. Leiber e Maude Beaudry-Cyr. "Expanding the Applicability of Sampson and Laub’s Theory of Inequality and Social Control: A Multilevel Examination". Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, n. 6 (3 marzo 2019): 902–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819834719.

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The present study uses Sampson and Laub’s theory of inequality and social control to examine whether underclass poverty and racial/ethnic inequality hold current relevancy over the court processing of juvenile offenders. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to investigate the impact of community aspects, offender characteristics, and offense-related factors on juvenile court outcomes occurring at intake, adjudication, and judicial disposition. Findings indicate limited evidence for the anticipated relationships between underclass poverty and racial/ethnic inequality on court processing stages. The individual and combined impact of being Black or Hispanic, and/or charged with a drug offense, exerted stronger effects on juvenile justice decision-making compared with Sampson and Laub’s structural factors. Implications for addressing the federal Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Mandate based on the findings are discussed, as well as the future empirical inquiry surrounding whether community factors interact with offender and offense characteristics to influence outcomes of youth referred to juvenile court.

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Band, Eve Brotman, e John Weisz. "Developmental Differences in Primary and Secondary Control Coping and Adjustment to Juvenile Diabetes". Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 19, n. 2 (1 giugno 1990): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp1902_7.

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Ogloff, James R. P. "The juvenile death penalty: A frustrated society's attempt for control". Behavioral Sciences & the Law 5, n. 4 (1987): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370050408.

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Hirtenlehner, Helmut, Brenda Sims Blackwell, Heinz Leitgoeb e Johann Bacher. "Explaining the Gender Gap in Juvenile Shoplifting: A Power-Control Theoretical Analysis". Deviant Behavior 35, n. 1 (26 settembre 2013): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2013.822217.

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Zhao, Xiaojun, e Changxiu Shi. "Loneliness of adult and juvenile prisoner influences on psychological affect: Mediation role of control source". Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 17, n. 2 (20 maggio 2020): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jip.1547.

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Watt, Bruce, Kevin Howells e Paul Delfabbro. "Juvenile Recidivism: Criminal Propensity, Social Control and Social Learning Theories". Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 11, n. 1 (giugno 2004): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/pplt.2004.11.1.141.

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Scholz, David F., e James J. Forest. "Effects of Fictional, Autobiographical and Self-Help Literature on Personality Measures". Psychological Reports 80, n. 1 (febbraio 1997): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.91.

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This study evaluated three types of books under different reading conditions and using two measures of personality. Data from 163 women were analyzed in a 3 × 2 × 2 multivariate design, with control groups, which varied type of book (fiction, autobiography, self-help), reading condition (supervised and unsupervised), and order of testing (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Personal Orientation Inventory). None of the groups who received books to read had mean scores significantly different from those of the control groups. However, the group reading the self-help book had significantly higher scores on scales of self-actualization than the groups using fictional or autobiographical books.

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Rezende Bazon, Marina, e Ruth Estevão. "Juvenile Criminal Behavior and Peers’ Influences: A Comparative Study in the Brazilian Context". Universitas Psychologica 11, n. 4 (12 luglio 2012): 1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy11-4.jcbp.

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This study investigates aspects of living with peers in adolescent offenders in the Brazilian context based on the social and personal control behavior theory developed by Marc Le Blanc and his colleagues. Both comparative and quantitative approaches were used to study two groups: Delinquents/adjudicated and control. A questionnaire developed by Le Blanc and adapted to the reality of the study was applied to 75 participants. A significant level of 0.05 was adopted and the data analysis showed that delinquents developed poor relationships suggesting an experience of greater socio-emotional isolation. This refers to the problematic experience in one of the major developmental tasks of this period. Further studies should be developed to analyze the interactions between the coexisting aspects in the family, at school and with peers.

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Dåderman, Anna Maria, Ann Wirsén Meurling e Jarmila Hallman. "Different personality patterns in non‐socialized (juvenile delinquents) and socialized (air force pilot recruits) sensation seekers". European Journal of Personality 15, n. 3 (maggio 2001): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.407.

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Young delinquents are known to be sensation seekers. Not all sensation seekers become delinquents: many engage in socially accepted activities, such as mountaineering or parachute jumping. The present study compares 47 juvenile delinquents (mean age 17 years) with 18 Swedish air force pilot recruits (mean age 23 years) and 19 conscripts (mean age 18 years) as a control group. Sensation‐seeking behaviour, impulsiveness, and psychiatric/psychological vulnerability were measured by the Zuckerman Sensation‐Seeking Scales (SSS), the Karolinska Scales of Personality, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Two separate multivariate analyses of variance were performed, followed up by stepdown analyses to identify those personality scale scores that contributed uniquely. In order to clarify the relationships, the pooled within‐group correlations among scales were computed. Juvenile delinquents and pilot recruits were both high in sensation seeking, but on different subscales. Delinquents were high in impulsiveness, somatic anxiety, and extraversion–sociability, and low in socialization, suggesting psychiatric/psychological vulnerability. The findings may have implications for the treatment of juvenile delinquents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Wiese, Renata, Eugenio Cálcena, Adrián Darío Aramayo Criniti, Cecilia Inés Catanesi e Jorge Oscar Folino. "Psychosocial Factors and Juvenile Homicide in Argentina". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, n. 10 (27 marzo 2019): 1952–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19837677.

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Although knowledge on and prevention of juvenile homicide are crucial for social welfare and have been approached through different methodological instruments, this behavior is still quite difficult to be addressed. In this study, we have analyzed several psychological and social factors that could be theoretically related to juvenile homicidal behavior. Our case-control study included young ( M = 16.8 years) males institutionalized in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, under judicial order for crime. Out of 195 cases, 130 had committed homicide, 15 had repeated homicide, and 50 had attempted homicide. The control group comprised 305 young males who had committed other types of crimes. Self-reported and informant-reported instruments and professional assessment were used: Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC) Scale, Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI), Resistance to Peer Influence (RPI), Psychopathy Checklist–Youth Version (PCL-YV), and Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits (ICU). Differences between indicators of the psychological and social dimensions were not statistically significant. Only Factor 4 of the PCL-YV showed statistically significant difference. However, the relevance of this result is under discussion.

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Herzog, Harold A., Bonnie B. Bowers e Gordon M. Burghardt. "Stimulus control of antipredator behavior in newborn and juvenile garter snakes (Thamnophis)." Journal of Comparative Psychology 103, n. 3 (settembre 1989): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.103.3.233.

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Meldrum, Ryan C., Teresa M. Encalada e George M. Connolly. "At the End of Their Rope". Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, n. 3 (25 febbraio 2016): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016635258.

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The concept of self-control has been used to account for a wide variety of outcomes, both criminal and otherwise. Recently, researchers have started investigating associations between parental self-control and family functioning. This study expands this area of research by assessing the extent to which parental low self-control and official involvement in juvenile delinquency is associated with parental exasperation among a sample of parents ( N = 101) whose children have been processed through a juvenile justice assessment facility. The results indicate that parents who are lower in self-control and whose children have had more extensive involvement in officially recorded delinquency report greater exasperation regarding their children. In addition, the data indicate the effect of parental low self-control on parental exasperation is stronger at higher levels of delinquent behavior. The implications of the study and directions for future research are discussed.

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Baglivio, Michael T., Kevin T. Wolff, Alex R. Piquero, Matt DeLisi e Michael G. Vaughn. "Multiple Pathways to Juvenile Recidivism: Examining Parental Drug and Mental Health Problems, and Markers of Neuropsychological Deficits Among Serious Juvenile Offenders". Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, n. 8 (16 giugno 2017): 1009–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817714810.

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The current study examines multiple pathways to antisocial behavior involving neurobiologically based measures and indicators of executive functioning in the interest of informing treatment and intervention services for the deepest end juvenile justice placements. Specifically, using a statewide, multiyear sample of over 11,000 male juvenile offenders completing residential commitment placements, we employ structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine whether parental drug, alcohol, and mental health problems have a direct effect on neurocognitive deficits (as measured by formal Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD], or formal Conduct Disorder [CD] diagnoses) and temperamental deficits (as measured by effortful control and negative emotionality), which in turn are examined for their direct effects on recidivism. Results show that parental problems were associated with an increased likelihood of formal ADHD diagnosis as well increased negative emotionality among youth. Furthermore, ADHD and temperamental deficits (both effortful control and negative emotionality) were significantly related to continued offending. These findings may be helpful in treatment planning, targeting of intervention, and discussions of primary and secondary prevention efforts.

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Halliday, Colleen A., e Sandra Graham. "“If I Get Locked Up, I Get Locked Up”: Secondary Control and Adjustment among Juvenile Offenders". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26, n. 5 (maggio 2000): 548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167200267003.

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Milojevic, Sonja, e Aleksandar Dimitrijevic. "Empathic capacity of delinquent convicted minors". Psihologija 47, n. 1 (2014): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1401065m.

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The psychological approach to juvenile delinquency introduced in recent years postulates ?empathy impairment? as one of the origins of youth criminal behaviour. This means that in order to be cruel, people need to be unable to imagine the pain their victims experience. To test that hypothesis, we compare a group of convicted juvenile offenders (N=43) with a control group of adolescents (N=47) on self-report and ability measures of cognitive empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, respectively). Discriminant Analysis reveals a significant difference between the two groups, most notably in the dimensions of personal distress, RMET score, and perspective taking. However, after the control for age and education, only the differences in measures of cognitive empathy remain. Although delinquents perceive themselves as less capable of taking the vantage point of another person and, when tested, prove themselves to be inferior in perceiving emotions and facial expressions, there are no differences in self-report scores of the affective component of empathy. On the basis of these findings, we draw several practical implications concerning everyday work with delinquents.

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Intravia, Jonathan, Emily Pelletier, Kevin T. Wolff e Michael T. Baglivio. "Community Disadvantage, Prosocial Bonds, and Juvenile Reoffending". Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, n. 3 (21 marzo 2016): 240–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016639350.

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Prior efforts suggest that adverse community contexts have the ability to impact juvenile recidivism. However, far less research has examined the indirect effects of community disadvantage on delinquent youth reoffending. As a result, it remains unclear whether several theoretically relevant mechanisms mediate the effects of disadvantage on continued delinquent behavior. Drawing from theoretical models of contextual effects, as well as social control theory, the present study examines whether prosocial bonds are salient mechanisms in the context–recidivism relationship. Using a sample of over 20,000 juvenile offenders, our results indicate that both prosocial relationships and prosocial activities partially mediate the effect of community disadvantage on youth reoffending. Findings from the current study are discussed, along with policy implications and directions for future research in this area.

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Subbotina, A. Yu, A. S. Martyusheva, A. Yu Abramova, A. Yu Kozlov, E. V. Nikenina, O. V. Sergienko e S. S. Pertsov. "EFFECT OF PRENATAL STRESS ON NOCICEPTIVE SENSITIVITY OF MALE AND FEMALE RATS AT DIFFERENT PERIODS OF POSTEMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT". Journal of Volgograd State Medical University 19, n. 1 (31 marzo 2022): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/1994-9480-2022-19-1-173-178.

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A change of pain sensitivity in rats of different sex and age (21st day, suckling period; 30th day, infantile period; and 60th day, juvenile period) was studied after prenatal stress of forced swimming in cold water. The perceptual component of nociception in prenatally stressed animals was shown to decrease on the 60th day of life compared to that in 21-day-old specimens. Importantly, the intensity of pain perception in juvenile rats subjected to intrauterine stress was smaller than control specimens. After prenatal stress, the emotional component of nociception in juvenile males and females was lower than in younger specimens. Therefore, prenatal stress is accompanied by a decrease in the perceptual and emotional components of nociception during the juvenile period, but not at the earlier stages of postembryonic development. The observed fluctuations in the degree of perception of the pain stimulus in male animals are slightly greater than those in females.

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Schoenthaler, Stephen J. "The effects of sugar on the treatment and control of antisocial behavior on an incarcerated juvenile population". Personality and Individual Differences 12, n. 4 (gennaio 1991): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90270-l.

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Page, Gregory L., e Mario J. Scalora. "The utility of locus of control for assessing juvenile amenability to treatment". Aggression and Violent Behavior 9, n. 5 (agosto 2004): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(03)00047-8.

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Muftić, Lisa R., e Alexander H. Updegrove. "The Mediating Effect of Self-Control on Parenting and Delinquency: A Gendered Approach With a Multinational Sample". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, n. 10 (24 agosto 2017): 3058–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17725732.

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This study aims to clarify the relationships between parenting techniques, low self-control, and juvenile delinquency in Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime while controlling for alternative explanations of delinquency. We relied on a sample of 35,511 adolescent students from 31 countries from the International Self-Report Delinquency 2 Study. Results indicate that parenting exhibits a direct effect on adolescents’ violence perpetration and property offending, and that while self-control weakens the strength of this relationship, it fails to fully mediate it. Males reported lower levels of self-control, exposure to poorer parenting techniques, and higher rates of violence perpetration and property offending. The relationship between parenting, self-control, and juvenile delinquency was similar for females and males. These results provide evidence that parenting has important implications for adolescents’ involvement in delinquency above and beyond its influence on their level of self-control.

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Uma, T. "Childhood Experience - the Building Blocks of Life: A Psychoanalytical Study of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Fiction One Amazing Thing". Shanlax International Journal of English 8, n. 2 (1 marzo 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v8i2.1810.

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Abstract (sommario):

Some people cannot love even their family members, while some seemingly normal people have few paradoxical qualities. Is there a connection between their strange behavior and their childhood experiences? What is the role of childhood in the character development of a person? The psychologists consider childhood experiences as the building blocks of a person’s personality. Freud believed that the child’s bond with the parents is the key to his/her psyche. Erikson divides a person’s life into eight stages of development. Every child faces a crisis or a challenge at each stage. The resolution of the crisis would lead to the acquisition of virtue, while failure caused maladaptive. Karen Horney also puts forth similar views. If the child’s basic need is not met, he/ she would either move towards people or move against or move away from people. This article examines the portrayal of children, their challenges, idiosyncrasies, and impact of their experiences on their psyche in the fiction One Amazing Thing, written by famous Indian American author Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni from a psychoanalytical perspective. She has written a few children’s novels also. A master storyteller, she weaves reality, imagination, and psychology together and creates both adult and juvenile characters who are true to life.

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36

Li, Spencer De. "the impacts of self-control and social bonds on juvenile delinquency in a national sample of midadolescents". Deviant Behavior 25, n. 4 (luglio 2004): 351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639620490441236.

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37

Parker, Karen J., Christine L. Buckmaster, Steven E. Lindley, Alan F. Schatzberg e David M. Lyons. "Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis physiology and cognitive control of behavior in stress inoculated monkeys". International Journal of Behavioral Development 36, n. 1 (17 giugno 2011): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025411406864.

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Abstract (sommario):

Monkeys exposed to stress inoculation protocols early in life subsequently exhibit diminished neurobiological responses to moderate psychological stressors and enhanced cognitive control of behavior during juvenile development compared to non-inoculated monkeys. The present experiments extended these findings and revealed that stress inoculated monkeys: (a) mount neurobiological responses equivalent to non-inoculated monkeys when the stressor is of sufficient intensity, and (b) continue to exhibit enhanced cognitive control as young adults compared to non-inoculated monkeys. These results suggest that stress inoculation protocols alter the appraisal of and response to moderate stressors as less threatening and permanently enhance cognitive control, at least through early adulthood. These data therefore support the notion that the stress inoculation phenotype reflects stress resilience rather than stress pathology.

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38

KENDALL, KATHLEEN, GLENN ANDRE, KEN PEASE e ALAN BOULTON. "Health histories of juvenile offenders and a matched control group in Saskatchewan, Canada". Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 2, n. 3 (settembre 1992): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1992.2.3.269.

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39

Ford, Julian D., John Chapman, Daniel F. Connor e Keith R. Cruise. "Complex Trauma and Aggression in Secure Juvenile Justice Settings". Criminal Justice and Behavior 39, n. 6 (10 maggio 2012): 694–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854812436957.

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Abstract (sommario):

Youth in secure juvenile justice settings (e.g., detention, incarceration) often have histories of complex trauma: exposure to traumatic stressors including polyvictimization, life-threatening accidents or disasters, and interpersonal losses. Complex trauma adversely affects early childhood biopsychosocial development and attachment bonding, placing the youth at risk for a range of serious problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, oppositional defiance, risk taking, substance abuse) that may lead to reactive aggression. Complex trauma is associated with an extremely problematic combination of persistently diminished adaptive arousal reactions, episodic maladaptive hyperarousal, impaired information processing and impulse control, self-critical and aggression-endorsing cognitive schemas, and peer relationships that model and reinforce disinhibited reactions, maladaptive ways of thinking, and aggressive, antisocial, and delinquent behaviors. This constellation of problems poses significant challenges for management, rehabilitation, and treatment of youth in secure justice settings. Epidemiological and clinical evidence of the prevalence, impact on development and functioning, comorbidity, and adverse outcomes in adolescence of exposure to complex trauma are reviewed. Implications for milieu management, screening, assessment, and treatment of youth who have complex trauma histories and problems with aggression in secure juvenile justice settings are discussed, with directions for future research and program development.

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40

Schoenthaler, Stephen J. "Diet and crime: An empirical examination of the value of nutrition in the control and treatment of incarcerated juvenile offenders". Personality and Individual Differences 12, n. 4 (gennaio 1991): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90271-c.

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41

Jiang, Xin, Xiaojin Chen e Yue Zhuo. "Self-Control, External Environment, and Delinquency: A Test of Self-Control Theory in Rural China". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, n. 16 (27 maggio 2020): 1696–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x20923254.

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Abstract (sommario):

Although self-control consistently emerges as one of the most robust correlates of delinquent behavior, limited empirical attempts have been made to explore the contextual variability of the relationship between self-control and delinquency outside of Western societies. Using data collected from 587 seventh- to ninth-grade students across 10 middle schools in a rural county of Southeast China, we examine self-control’s efficacy in explaining juvenile delinquency in the presence of external environmental factors, and investigate relative strength of self-control and contextual factors in predicting delinquent behaviors. Our results confirm that self-control is an important predictor of delinquent behavior in a non-Western cultural context. However, certain environmental factors rooted in family, school, and peer groups are also shown to be the predictors of delinquent behavior where strength seems to exceed that of self-control. These findings shed more nuanced insights on the nexus between self-control, external situations, and delinquency, and in a broader sense, contribute to the elaboration of a more comprehensive understanding of self-control theory.

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42

Leech, Tamara G. J. "Beyond Collective Supervision: Informal Social Control, Prosocial Investment, and Juvenile Offending in Urban Neighborhoods". Journal of Research on Adolescence 26, n. 3 (23 marzo 2015): 418–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jora.12202.

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43

Van De Mosselaer, Nele. "Imaginative Desires and Interactive Fiction: On Wanting to Shoot Fictional Zombies". British Journal of Aesthetics 60, n. 3 (9 dicembre 2019): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesthj/ayz049.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract What do players of videogames mean when they say they want to shoot zombies? Surely they know that the zombies are not real, and that they cannot really shoot them, but only control a fictional character who does so. Some philosophers of fiction argue that we need the concept of imaginative desires (or ‘i-desires’) to explain situations in which people feel desires towards fictional characters or desires that motivate pretend actions. Others claim that we can explain these situations without complicating human psychology with a novel mental state. Within their debates, however, these scholars exclusively focus on non-interactive fictions and children’s games of make-believe. In this paper, I argue that our experience of immersive, interactive fictions like videogames gives us cause to reappraise the concept of imaginative desires. Moreover, I describe how i-desires are a useful conceptual tool within videogame development and can shed new light on apparently immoral in-game actions.

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44

Guo, Siying. "A model of religious involvement, family processes, self-control, and juvenile delinquency in two-parent families". Journal of Adolescence 63 (febbraio 2018): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.015.

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45

Almond, Louise, Michelle A. McManus, Susan Giles e Elisabeth Houston. "Female Sex Offenders: An Analysis of Crime Scene Behaviors". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, n. 24 (9 settembre 2015): 3839–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515603976.

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Abstract (sommario):

The concept of the female sex offender (FSO) is a relatively new phenomenon within the social research literature. Studies of female rape, male rape, pedophilia, and juvenile sex offenders have suggested that different styles of offending are reflected in the different types of behaviors committed by offenders at the crime scene. These studies suggest that there are three distinct themes of behavior: Hostility, Impersonal, and Involvement. Multidimensional analysis is carried out on 35 crime scene behaviors of 73 FSOs from U.K. and U.S. law reports. The proposed framework was found to be a useful way of classifying FSOs with 84% displaying a dominant theme. These resulted in 52% classified as displaying Involvement, 17% as Control, and 15% as Hostility. Finally, the implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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46

GOODSTEIN, LYNNE, e HENRY SONTHEIMER. "The Implementation of an Intensive Aftercare Program for Serious Juvenile Offenders". Criminal Justice and Behavior 24, n. 3 (settembre 1997): 332–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854897024003002.

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Abstract (sommario):

This article presents the results of a study of the implementation of an intensive aftercare probation (IAP) program developed in Philadelphia. In addition to presenting program design and standards, the article discusses issues involved in effecting a successful innovation. These include (a) the transition from the old to the new model of supervision, (b) evolution of the IAP's mission and philosophy, (c) applications of the evolved model, (d) unanticipated conditions affecting program operations, and (e) client responses to the IAP program. The program experienced difficulties in several areas. A critical period occurred in which there was a breakdown in service delivery, officers apparently had difficulty understanding and adjusting to the new organizational norms implicit in the program's mission, and program goals and philosophy were not articulated clearly by program planners. Nevertheless, over the course of the implementation period, a successful model incorporating social control and rehabilitative elements was developed and stabilized.

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47

Muncie, John. "The `Punitive Turn' in Juvenile Justice: Cultures of Control and Rights Compliance in Western Europe and the USA". Youth Justice 8, n. 2 (agosto 2008): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225408091372.

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48

Mulvey, Edward P., Jean Ann Linney e Mindy S. Rosenberg. "Organizational control and treatment program design as dimensions of institutionalization in settings for juvenile offenders". American Journal of Community Psychology 15, n. 3 (giugno 1987): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00922701.

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49

Schoenthaler, Stephen J. "The effects of citrus on the treatment and control of antisocial behavior: A double-blind crossover study of an incarcerated juvenile population". Personality and Individual Differences 12, n. 4 (gennaio 1991): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90277-i.

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50

Coldiron, Jennifer Schurer, Spencer W. Hensley, Ryan M. Parigoris e Eric J. Bruns. "Randomized Control Trial Findings of a Wraparound Program for Dually Involved Youth". Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 27, n. 4 (22 luglio 2019): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063426619861074.

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Abstract (sommario):

Wraparound care coordination for youth with serious emotional and behavioral challenges has been implemented in every state and in many child-serving contexts, but evidence from rigorous effectiveness studies is scarce. We conducted a 20-month longitudinal randomized control trial of a pilot Wraparound program for youth in foster care and involved in the juvenile justice system ( n = 24), comparing outcomes with youth receiving community “treatment as usual” (TAU; n = 23). Youth in both groups experienced significantly improved outcomes, including fewer arrests and greater residential stability. Wraparound youth were less likely to be rearrested (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.17, 2.04]), and survival analysis found they went longer before doing so than TAU youth. Wraparound youth were also more likely to be educationally on track than TAU youth by the end of the study (OR = 4.09, 95% CI = [1.89, 18.72]). Although these findings were nonsignificant at p < .05 due to small sample sizes, effect sizes were medium to large, and no such trends were found for the TAU group. Implications for Wraparound’s implementation and effectiveness, as well as the strengths and limitations of conducting a randomized control trial in “real-world” systems, are discussed.

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