Tesi sul tema "Continuité des soins – Prévention"
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Luong, Nguyen Liêm Binh. "Modélisation et analyse en coût-efficacité des stratégies de prévention, de dépistage et de traitement de l'infection par le VIH à Ndhiwa, Kenya". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5233.
Testo completoMédecin Sans Frontière (MSF) have been working since the early 1980’s on HIV care delivery in Ndhiwa, a rural sub-county in Southwest Kenya. This area suffers from a generalized HIV epidemic, with 24% prevalence and 2.2/100 person years (PY) incidence. In line with the UNAIDS 90-90-90 and 95-95-95 targets, MSF has implemented interventions to decrease HIV incidence. In the first part of this work, we have developped a mathematical model of HIV natural history and transmission in Ndhiwa to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three different interventions on HIV continuum of care. We estimated than current standard of care would decrease HIV incidence to 1.51/100 PY in 2032, whereas only retention intervention and combined interventions would further decrease HIV incidence to 1.03/100 PY and 0,75/100 PY, respectively. Compared to standard of care, retention to care intervention has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 130€/years of live saved (YLS) whereas combined intervention has an ICER of 370€/YLS. In the second part, we modeled the effectiveness of the improvement of continuum of care from 90-90-90 to 95-95-95, compared with a Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) intervention with 10% coverage in high-risk group. We found that in the context of generalized epidemic where continuum of care reach 90-90-90, an improvement to 95-95-95 would be more effective than PrEP to decrease incidence. To conclude, combined interventions on HIV continuum of care have synergic effects and are very cost-effective. We also underlined the importance of maintaining a high level continuum of care to decrease HIV incidence, which is as important as PrEP to fight the HIV pandemic
Berger, Mathilde. "Co-conception d’un dispositif numérique de soutien à l’autogestion de l’activité physique et de la douleur pour les personnes souffrant de lombalgie chronique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10270.
Testo completoChronic low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and has a significant impact on quality of life of those affected. International guidelines recommend active treatments based on promoting physical activity, reducing sedentary behavior, and supporting self-management. Despite the validity of these recommendations, long-term adherence is complex and relapses are common. Mobile health technologies, also known as mHealth, offer new opportunities to support people with this condition. However, existing devices have several limitations in terms of content, effectiveness, and acceptability. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to co-design an mHealth device to support the self-management of physical activity and pain for people with chronic low back pain. To achieve this, special attention is given to motion sensors, particularly accelerometers, which could be integrated into such devices. First, the use of these sensors to measure physical activity in this population is reviewed in the literature. The results of the measurements of physical activity obtained with these devices are also reviewed. Second, the capacity of accelerometers to differentiate specific physical activity variables is tested. Third, the needs of both people with chronic low back pain and healthcare professionals are explored to provide design recommendations for an mHealth focused on the needs of this population. Finally, the development stages of an initial prototype that addresses the previously identified needs are detailed. The results of this thesis highlight the opportunities and challenges associated with the development of mHealth technologies to support the self-management of physical activity and pain in people with chronic low back pain. These findings will make it possible to initiate the development of a device tailored to the specific needs of this population
Grégoire, Yolande. "La signification de la continuité des soins pour des infirmières en soins à domicile". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3271.
Testo completoGirou, Emmanuelle. "Prévention des infections liées aux soins en réanimation". Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003949320204611&vid=upec.
Testo completoPatients hospitalized in intensive care units are at high-risk of acquiring infections because of their high severity and high exposure to invasive devices. One part of these infections may probably be avoided using effective measures, especially the part associated with care activities. This thesis presents the studies we conducted in this field with a first part focusing on the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and a second part discussing the prevention of cross transmission via hands. For VAP prevention, the use of noninvasive ventilation was associated with a significant reduction of VAP and other sites of infection whereas, in another study, the use of subglottic secretions drainage and semi-recumbent position had no effect on tracheal colonization, which normally precedes lung infection. We also demonstrated that the use of alcoholic hand-rubs, the rational use of gloves and, the screening of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus on admission might help limiting cross transmission of microorganisms in intensive care units
Walczak, Laurent. "Implication du médecin généraliste dans la continuité du traitement de l'urgence". Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11120.
Testo completoLeleu, Henri. "Mesure de la continuité longitudinale dans le champ des soins primaires dans le contexte français". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00964126.
Testo completoSamson, Marie-Laurence. "Élaboration d’un suivi infirmier pour les personnes épileptiques". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25494.
Testo completoL'épilepsie est une affection neurologique qui touche la personne dans son entièreté, c’est-à-dire qu’elle peut éprouver des difficultés d’adaptation tant au niveau physique, psychologique que social. La complexité et le phénomène d’évolution des problématiques rencontrées par les personnes, ainsi que les besoins spécifiques de ces patients justifient essentiellement l'élaboration d'un suivi infirmier adressé spécifiquement aux personnes épileptiques. Selon la méthodologie de Burns et Grove (2005), un modèle de suivi a été élaboré à l’aide de plusieurs sources et différentes méthodes de collecte, soit les entrevues qualitatives auprès des patients épileptiques (n=4) et auprès des professionnels (n=6), en plus de séances d’observation participante et d’une consultation de la littérature. En fin de compte, à la lumière des résultats obtenus, le suivi infirmier proposé cherche à répondre plus spécifiquement aux besoins des personnes épileptiques et ainsi favoriser leur adaptation, selon le modèle de Roy (2009).
Epilepsy is a neurologic disorder that can affect the person in its entirety, perturbing physical, psychological and social dimensions. The complexity and the phenomenon of evolution of problems faced by people with epilepsy, as well as specifics needs of these people justify essentially the development of a nursing follow up addressed specifically for them. According to the methodology of Burns and Grove (2005), interventions that composed the nursing follow up was created using different data sources and different collecting methods, like qualitative interviews with epileptic person (n=4) and professionals (n=6), participant observation sessions, in addition to literature review. Analysis of verbatim was done according to the approach of Giorgi (1997). Ultimately, in the light of obtained results, the proposed nursing follow up is more specific to needs and problems experienced by people with epilepsy and thus, facilitate adaptation, depending on the adaptation model of Roy (2009).
Faure, Dominique. "L'audit de la prévention d'escarres des personnes âgées à l'hôpital". Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M086.
Testo completoSt-Onge, Mélanie. "Continuité relationnelle dans les soins de santé mentale primaires : réflexion, conceptualisation et mesure". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6191/1/030404024.pdf.
Testo completoCouturier, Bérengère. "Organisation de la sortie d'hospitalisation et de la continuité des soins en aval". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066571.
Testo completoOrganization of hospital discharge and impact on patient health outcomes. We made a systematic review of the literature with the aim of exploring associations between components of the hospital-discharge process–including continuity of care thereafter–and patients’ health outcomes in the post-discharge period. Results indicate that none of the studies reported a statistically significant association between the presence of a component or an intervention likely improving the quality of hospital-discharge process and mortality. As regards rehospitalizations or emergency department visits, the analysis of the literature provides a more balanced response. At the same time, the wide heterogeneity observed across the studies prevents from performing a meaningful meta-analysis and no consistent statistical association between components of the hospital-discharge process including continuity of care thereafter and patient health outcomes could be identified.Patients’ opinions on the hospital discharge process. Taking advantage of the SENTIPAT trial, we undertook an ancillary study that compared two methods for collecting patients’ opinions on the discharge process: questionnaire self-completion on a dedicated internet website versus a telephone interview. Although the internet patients’ response rate was lower than that of the telephone patients, estimates of patient satisfaction on the discharge process issued from both modes of administration of the questionnaire were similar. Results advocate for establishing a permanent information system that would enable volunteering patients to express their opinions on hospital discharge and for developing the concept of sentinel patient
Tubert, Stéphanie. "Mise en place et évaluation d'un programme de prévention bucco-dentaire". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1DD01.
Testo completoQuéreux, Gaëlle. "Apport d'un réseau de soins dans la prévention du mélanome". Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT47VS.
Testo completoThe incidence of melanoma has risen dramatically so prevention became a priority in Public Health. Primary prevention is based on programs to reduce sun exposure of the population. Early detection is also promoted. To campaign for melanoma prevention we created in 2001 a network called "Réseau Mélanome Ouest". We realised 3 prospective studies. The first one concerned the impact of an educational program on both children's knowledge and behaviour towards the sun, comparing the answers to a control group in which the children did not receive any education al program about sun protection. The program had a beneficial effect on the child's knowledge persisting at least few months but had no impact on his behaviour toward the sun. The second one evaluated the impact of a campaign to train 210 general practitioners about early detection of melanoma. 36 of the doctors stated that they had detectee melanomas since the training over a median period of 27 months (2 to 39 months). The Breslow index of the melanomas detected ranged from 0. 16 to 4 mm ( median of 0. 65mm). The third one consisted in a targeted screening to identify high risk melanoma subject and to propose them a skin screening. So we created a self-administrated questionnaire for people to en able them to assess their own melanoma risk factors. We tested the validity of this questionnaire in a large prospective study: the answers given by the subject were systematically checked by his or her general practitioner. Then we realised a case-control study based on this questionnaire to identify the strongest risk factor and find a combination of the risk factors to distinguish between melanoma patients and cases
Lombrail, Pierre. "Deux composantes essentielles de l'évaluation des soins à l'hôpital : continuité et accessibilité : le cas de l'urgence pédiatrique à l'hôpital Robert Debré de Paris". Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T019.
Testo completoKremp, Odile. "La prévention périnatale : Des soins aux nouveau-nés au diagnostic prénatal". Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0437_KREMP.pdf.
Testo completoPascal, Jean. "Inégalités sociales d'accès aux soins de prévention des consultants de l'hôpital". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA11T065.
Testo completoAubin, Karine. "La continuité des soins et les politiques publiques de santé mentale au Québec : 1962-2007". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25967.
Testo completoDossa, Anara Richi. "Association entre la continuité des soins et l'usage des médicaments chez les diabétiques de type 2". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26638.
Testo completoIntroduction: Continuity of Care (CoC) is the cornerstone of primary care. Depending on its application context, interpersonal CoC could be subdivided into medical CoC, pharmaceutical CoC. An episode of hospitalization could instead be an element of discontinuity. There are many evidences that interpersonal CoC reduces the occurrence of hospitalizations and increases patient satisfaction. However, the evidence concerning the improvement of quality indicators of drug use remains inconclusive, especially for patients with chronic diseases. Objective: The general objective of this thesis was to evaluate the association between: 1) CoC and indicators of drug use in patients with type 2 diabetes, 2) hospitalization and the same indicators. Methods: Using the administrative databases of the Quebec health insurance board, we identified a study population consisting of individuals who received a first oral antidiabetes drug (AD) between 1st January 2000 and 31 December 2008. Within this study population, we conducted three cohort studies. In the first study, we assessed the association between medical CoC and indicators of drug use in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the second study, we evaluated the association between pharmaceutical CoC and indicators of drug use in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the third study, by matching hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals, we evaluated the association between hospitalization and quality indicators of drug use in patients with type 2 diabetes. A modified poisson regression model was used for each indicator of drug use including: 1) persistence with AD, 2) compliance with AD, 3) the use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ACEi/ARB) and 4) the use of a lipid-lowering drug. Results: Compared to individuals with a high medical CoC, those with intermediate and low medical CoC were less likely to be persistent (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96-0.98 and 0.96, 0.95-0.97, respectively), to be compliant with their AD (APR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99 and 0.95, 0.94-0.97, respectively) and to use a lipid-lowering drug (APR 0.96, 95% CI 0.97-0.98 and 0.96, 0.94-0.97, respectively). However, the likelihood of using an ACEi/ ARB did not differ by the level of medical CoC. Individuals with low pharmaceutical CoC were less likely to persist with their AD (APR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.98), to be compliant with their AD (APR 0.96; 95% CI 0.95-0.96), to use an ACEi/ARB (APR 0.95; 95% CI 0.94-0.96) or a lipid-lowering drug (APR 0.94; 95% CI 0.93-0.95) than those with high pharmaceutical CoC. Compared to non-hospitalized individuals, those hospitalized were less likely to be persistent (APR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97-0.98) and compliant (APR 0.95; 0.95-0.96) with their AD in the 90 days after hospital discharge. Among individuals without cardiovascular diseases, compared to non-hospitalized individuals, those hospitalized were less likely to use an ACEi/ARB (APR 0.58; 0.54-0.61) or a lipid-lowering drug (APR 0.80; 0.77-0.83) within the 90 days after discharge from hospital. Conclusion: The results suggest that higher CoC, particularly pharmaceutical CoC could be associated with better quality of drug use in patients with type 2 diabetes. Regarding hospitalization, the results suggest that it could be associated with poorer drug use after hospitalization.
Chêne, Geneviève. "Les infections urinaires nosocomiales dans un service de soins intensifs : épidémiologie,coût, prévention". Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23021.
Testo completoSauzé, Bruno. "Prévention des escarres en gériatrie : enquête prospective et nutritionnelle, charge de travail du personnel soignant". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M024.
Testo completoTrépanier, Sylvie. "Des soins à la prévention : une analyse des politiques de santé dentaire au Québec". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6036.
Testo completoMvumbi, Mambu Léonie. "Étude des facteurs influençant le parcours de soins chez les immigrants de l'Afrique subsaharienne vivant avec le VIH au Québec". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6911.
Testo completoFellah, Lazhar. "Étude exploratoire du système de prévention algérien : déterminisme et problématique". Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40038.
Testo completoPrevention in health care is not a glorious subject even though it is regularly mentioned in official speeches and seems to be of a great financial interest, so far as expenses for public health are concerned. In developing countries, the health care systems are copied from developed countries, without taking into account the pathologies of local populations. These systems are based on a curative approach where in the hospital is the main structure, consuming the most important share of the resources involved. This research analyses the algerian health care system of prevention in the ligth of economic theory. But prevention is an ambiguous concept and health too specific to be studied with the classical economic tools of supply and demand. In the first part of this work, we outline the exogenous factors in the determination of health states, the interest of a multidisciplinary approach of health cares problems going beyong the pure medical aspect (chapter i). Such an approach is different from the organization and functioning of a curative system (chapter ii). The second part is devoted to the problems related the elaboration, the coordination and evaluation of prevention programs which have some specific aspects in developing countries (chapter iii). It also presents the implementation of priority programs for particularly vulnerable groups of population, the development of information, education and the organization of a community participation in a strategy of health care promotion (chapter iv). The results of a program against tuberculosis show that a combination of preventive and curative appraoches can yield a good cost-efficiency ratio (chapter v)
Lefranc, Philippe. "Les centres de prévention et de soins de l'alcoolisme dans le département de la Manche". Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3014.
Testo completoHébert, Johanne. "Développement et pré-test d'un plan de soins de suivi pour des femmes atteintes du cancer de l'endomètre avec traitements adjuvants lors de la transition de la fin du traitement actif vers la survie au cancer". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27155.
Testo completoThe end of active treatment and the beginning of survivorship correspond to a period of transition which presents many challenges for cancer survivors, caregivers and the health care system. The cancer survivorship phase (that follows primary treatment) is a distinct phase but overlooked in the continuum of care. To facilitate the transition from the end of active treatment to survivorship and optimize the coordination of follow-up care, the implementation of a survivorship care plan is proposed. The purpose of this research is to develop, implement and evaluate whether a survivorship care plan (SCP) meets global needs, reduce emotional distress (fear of cancer recurrence) and promote the empowerment of women with endometrial cancer during the transition from the end of active treatment to survivorship. The research consists of two distinct phases. The first phase was to develop a survivorship care plan (SCP) for women with endometrial cancer and adjuvant treatments. The content of the SCP was selected from the literature review and data collected during interviews with 19 women with endometrial cancer, 24 health professionals working with this population and four managers dedicated to oncology. This first phase included the validation of the SCP by ten health professionals involved in the study. The second phase was to evaluate the feasibility, the acceptability of the SCP and pre-test its use to meet global needs, reduce emotional distress (fear of recurrence) and promote empowerment for 18 women with endometrial cancer and adjuvant treatments at the end of the active treatment towards survivorship. In terms of feasibility, the results suggest that the implementation of the SCP has challenges in terms of time, resources and coordination for the oncology nurse navigators. Regarding the acceptability of the SCP, the women perceived it as a tool with useful information that facilitates communication with the family doctor or other health professionals. The nurse navigators support its value added at the end of treatment and acknowledge that the discussion involved with the SCP highlights essential elements of monitoring and follow-up to take into account in survivorship and allows the emphasis on health self-management. For family doctors, the SCP is a tool with information for survivors that promotes reassurance, communication and continuity of care between health professionals. Finally, with regard to the usefulness of the SCP to meet global needs, the results suggest that all the needs are more satisfied at three-month follow-up for the group receiving the SCP. Although the fear of cancer recurrence decreases at the three-month follow-up for the group with SCP, 55% of women maintained a clinically significant score of 13 on severity subscale of fear of cancer recurrence at the end of treatment and 42% at three-month follow-up. Health self-management behaviors (empowerment) improved between the end of treatment and the three-month follow-up for the group receiving a SCP. Considering these results, the approach supports the relevance of implementing a survivorship care plan at the end of active treatment for women with endometrial cancer to fulfill information needs, promote communication and continuity of care with health care professionals and promote health self-management behaviors in survivorship. However, constraints of time, resources and coordination must be taken into account for its implementation in the clinical community. Keywords: Transition, end of active treatment, needs, cancer survivorship, survivorship care plan.
Côté, Lori, e Lori Côté. "Participation des patients à l'audit de l'hygiène des mains des soignants : une étude pilote". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37882.
Testo completoTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2019-2020
L’hygiène des mains (HDM) est la mesure la plus importante pour prévenir les infections nosocomiales. L’audit des pratiques d’HDM est essentiel à son amélioration. L’Organisation mondiale de la santé suggère que les patients peuvent procéder à l’audit, mais peu d’études ont exploré cette avenue. Une étude exploratoire de type pilote a été réalisée auprès de patients hospitalisés à l’unité de chirurgie bariatrique de l’IUCPQ-UL1 (Canada), afin d’explorer : 1) la faisabilité d’impliquer les patients pour auditer les pratiques d’HDM des soignants « avant le contact avec le patient ou son environnement » (acceptation, compétence, réalisation du comportement), 2) les variables psychosociales associées au comportement d’audit, 3) le vécu des patients-auditeurs. Aux phases A (n=14) et B (n=25) de l’étude, les patients ont été formés pour auditer l’HDM. Leur compétence a été vérifiée, puis ils ont procédé à l’audit pendant 24 heures. À la phase B, les déterminants du comportement (analyses multivariées) et le vécu des patients ont été mesurés à l’aide de questionnaires fidèles et valides développés pour l’étude. Une proportion appréciable des patients ont accepté de participer (57% (17/30)), ont démontré la compétence d’auditer (93% (13/14)) et ont réalisé le comportement (100% (12/12)). Deux patients se sont retirés de l’étude et deux autres ont obtenu leur congé avant la fin de l’étude. La norme morale et la perception du contrôle comportemental ont expliqué 86% de la variabilité de l’intention de réaliser l’audit. Le niveau de scolarité a expliqué 50% de la variabilité de la fréquence du comportement. 94% (30/32) des patients ont rapporté une expérience générale positive. 80% (16/20) ont trouvé l’audit facile à réaliser. Il est possible d’impliquer les patients hospitalisés en chirurgie bariatrique à titre d’auditeurs prospectifs de l’HDM des soignants et ils en retirent une expérience positive. Il est justifié d’investiguer davantage l’avenue du patientauditeur de l’HDM.
L’hygiène des mains (HDM) est la mesure la plus importante pour prévenir les infections nosocomiales. L’audit des pratiques d’HDM est essentiel à son amélioration. L’Organisation mondiale de la santé suggère que les patients peuvent procéder à l’audit, mais peu d’études ont exploré cette avenue. Une étude exploratoire de type pilote a été réalisée auprès de patients hospitalisés à l’unité de chirurgie bariatrique de l’IUCPQ-UL1 (Canada), afin d’explorer : 1) la faisabilité d’impliquer les patients pour auditer les pratiques d’HDM des soignants « avant le contact avec le patient ou son environnement » (acceptation, compétence, réalisation du comportement), 2) les variables psychosociales associées au comportement d’audit, 3) le vécu des patients-auditeurs. Aux phases A (n=14) et B (n=25) de l’étude, les patients ont été formés pour auditer l’HDM. Leur compétence a été vérifiée, puis ils ont procédé à l’audit pendant 24 heures. À la phase B, les déterminants du comportement (analyses multivariées) et le vécu des patients ont été mesurés à l’aide de questionnaires fidèles et valides développés pour l’étude. Une proportion appréciable des patients ont accepté de participer (57% (17/30)), ont démontré la compétence d’auditer (93% (13/14)) et ont réalisé le comportement (100% (12/12)). Deux patients se sont retirés de l’étude et deux autres ont obtenu leur congé avant la fin de l’étude. La norme morale et la perception du contrôle comportemental ont expliqué 86% de la variabilité de l’intention de réaliser l’audit. Le niveau de scolarité a expliqué 50% de la variabilité de la fréquence du comportement. 94% (30/32) des patients ont rapporté une expérience générale positive. 80% (16/20) ont trouvé l’audit facile à réaliser. Il est possible d’impliquer les patients hospitalisés en chirurgie bariatrique à titre d’auditeurs prospectifs de l’HDM des soignants et ils en retirent une expérience positive. Il est justifié d’investiguer davantage l’avenue du patientauditeur de l’HDM.
Hand hygiene (HH) is the most important measure to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Audit of HH practices is a key step towards its improvement. The World Health Organization suggests that patients can perform HH audits, but few studies have explored this avenue. A pilot-type exploratory study was conducted among patients hospitalized at the IUCPQ-UL2‘s bariatric surgery unit to explore: 1) the feasibility of involving patients to audit healthcare workers’s (HCW) HH practice “before contact with the patient or their environment” (acceptance, competence, performing the behavior), 2) psychosocial variables associated with auditing behavior, and 3) patient-auditors experience. In phases A (n=14) and B (n=25) of the study, patients were trained to audit HCW’s HH. Following verification of their competency, they performed HH audits over a 24-hour period. In phase B, the behavioral determinants (multivariate analysis) and patient-auditors experience were measured with questionnaires developed for this study and for which the criteria of fidelity and validity have been met. An appreciable proportion of patients agreed to participate (57% (17/30)), demonstrated competence to perform HH audits (93% (13/14)) and performed the behavior (100% (12/12)). Two patients withdrew from the study and two others discharged before the end of the study. Moral norm and perceived behavioral control accounted for 86% of the variability of the intention to perform the audit. The level of education accounted for 50% of the variability in behavioral frequency. 94% (30/32) of patients reported a positive overall experience. 80% (16/20) found the audits easy to accomplish In conclusion, it is possible to involve patients hospitalized on a bariatric surgery unit as prospective auditors of HCW’s HH and their overall experience is positive. These results could be taken into account when planning future interventions involving patient-auditors. Further investigations of this avenue are warranted.
Hand hygiene (HH) is the most important measure to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Audit of HH practices is a key step towards its improvement. The World Health Organization suggests that patients can perform HH audits, but few studies have explored this avenue. A pilot-type exploratory study was conducted among patients hospitalized at the IUCPQ-UL2‘s bariatric surgery unit to explore: 1) the feasibility of involving patients to audit healthcare workers’s (HCW) HH practice “before contact with the patient or their environment” (acceptance, competence, performing the behavior), 2) psychosocial variables associated with auditing behavior, and 3) patient-auditors experience. In phases A (n=14) and B (n=25) of the study, patients were trained to audit HCW’s HH. Following verification of their competency, they performed HH audits over a 24-hour period. In phase B, the behavioral determinants (multivariate analysis) and patient-auditors experience were measured with questionnaires developed for this study and for which the criteria of fidelity and validity have been met. An appreciable proportion of patients agreed to participate (57% (17/30)), demonstrated competence to perform HH audits (93% (13/14)) and performed the behavior (100% (12/12)). Two patients withdrew from the study and two others discharged before the end of the study. Moral norm and perceived behavioral control accounted for 86% of the variability of the intention to perform the audit. The level of education accounted for 50% of the variability in behavioral frequency. 94% (30/32) of patients reported a positive overall experience. 80% (16/20) found the audits easy to accomplish In conclusion, it is possible to involve patients hospitalized on a bariatric surgery unit as prospective auditors of HCW’s HH and their overall experience is positive. These results could be taken into account when planning future interventions involving patient-auditors. Further investigations of this avenue are warranted.
Résumé en espagnol
Résumé en espagnol
Djeriri, Khalid. "Prévention vaccinale et risques professionnels liés aux hépatites A, B et C en milieu de soins". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF1MM14.
Testo completoRazgallah, Mohamed Anouar. "La relation entre la prévention, la médecine curative et les déterminants de l’assurance santé". Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/razgallah_ma.
Testo completoThe purpose of this PhD is to study the relationship between prevention, curative medicine and the determinants of health insurance. The first part of our research examines the curative demand for healthcare by using a model of bivariate decision under risk of disease, which separates the financial losses from the health losses. We also study the demand for self-protection and the demand for self-insurance as well as the impacts of change in health risk aversion and prudence on each of these two demands. The last section of part 1 analyzes the co-payment rates of preventive and curative medicine. We show that the relationship between prevention and curative medicine depends essentially on the variation of the marginal utility of wealth with respect to the health status. We also show that the optimal second prevention depends not only on the prudence but also on the impact of the second prevention on the health status. The second part examines the tertiary prevention by using an intertemporal approach. First, we study the properties of this type of prevention in Expected Utility Theory. Then, we analyze the robustness of our result in Yaari's Dual Theory of Choice under Risk. We show that curative medicine and tertiary prevention are complements and the optimal tertiary prevention does not depend on the primary prevention activity. The last part analyses the health insurance demand and the health risk cost when there are two sources of risks : a health risk and a non pecuniary one. We examine how the non pecuniary risk affects the coverage and the cost of health risk. We show that the determinants of the demand for health insurance are not only the correlation between the health and non pecuniary risks as shown by Doherty and Schlesinger (1983a) and the variation of the marginal utility of wealth with respect to the health status (Rey, 2003) but also the way in which the occurrence of the nonpecuniary risk affects the marginal utility of wealth. We also show that the occurrence of the non pecuniary loss may decrease the cost of health risk
Guillon, Marlène. "Essays in HIV Prévention". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0153.
Testo completoThe main objective of this dissertation is to offer an economic insight in the prevention of HIV. I study individual behaviors and the way these behaviors might influence HIV incidence. Chapter 1 gathers the available empirical evidence for the concept of "prevalence elasticity" in the case of HIV and demonstrates the existence of rational behavioral reaction to the risk of HIV infection. The next two chapters aim to integrate the positive externality of antiretroviral treatments on prevention in their cost-benefit analysis. Chapter 2 investigates the epidemiological and economic effects of a large scale HIV testing and treatment policy in South Africa. The results of Chapter 2 show that the success of a large-scale HIV treatment policy depends on its implementation conditions. Chapter 3 assesses the cost-effectiveness impact of an early access to care for migrant people living with HIV in France and shows that early access to care for migrants living with HIV in France would be a cost-saving intervention. Chapter 4 focuses on the determinants of sexual behaviors among the French population and studies the role of time and risk preferences in sexual behaviors. Results of Chapter 4 demonstrate that risk aversion is positively correlated with condom use among heterosexual men while present preference is negatively correlated with condom use among MSM (men who have sex with men) and women
Pailles, Christine. "Place de l'odontologiste dans le dépistage et la prévention des infections par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (V. I. H. ) : situation en 1988". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20064.
Testo completoBouton, Niefer Jacqueline. "L'obligation de se soigner ?" Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR30019.
Testo completoThe search for a "duty" to take care of oneself heard not only in a legal sense but also in a broader moral acceptance must be considered in the first time at the moment of decision and then, in view of a possible sanction. As for as the decision process is concerned, we can observe that the sick person, legally incapable, is submitted to his family's or doctor's choice. Conversely, the sick person, legally able, who has the poower of decision, looses that power in some circon stances. Anyhow, in most cases, his choice is guided. Under his doctor's or family's influence, this person generally admits to be cared. Concerned the sanction of the "duty", the state in strictly determined figures has imposed the performance of a treatment in order to protect society againt danger constitued by the sick person. In the other cases, the state or individuals may ressort to monetary or personal sanc tions. The only choice left to the sick person is to undergo a treatment or to refuse it and therefore to suffer a loss or in frigment on his privacy. The "duty" to take care of oneself has a more or less clearly shape according to the medical domain and person concerned, but it should not be a shadow for human dignity and responsability
Claeys, Coraline. "Contribution à l'étude de la continuité des traitements médicamenteux des patients lors de leur sortie de l'hôpital". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209187.
Testo completoDans ce contexte, la première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la mise au point d’un instrument valide et fiable permettant de caractériser les discordances médicamenteuses médicalement non justifiées lors de la sortie de l’hôpital. Il s’avère particulièrement bien approprié pour la recherche ou pour la familiarisation à la problématique. La deuxième partie de ce travail a permis de mettre en œuvre cet outil dans une situation clinique réelle. Une étude prospective d’observation incluant des patients recevant les soins usuels (groupe contrôle) et des patients pris en charge par des pharmaciens cliniciens (groupe intervention) a été réalisée. L’intervention des pharmaciens cliniciens comportait la réalisation d’une conciliation médicamenteuse à l’admission et à la sortie de l’hôpital. La conciliation médicamenteuse est un processus structuré pendant lequel le professionnel de santé collabore avec le patient, la famille et les proches pour s’assurer qu’une information correcte et exhaustive sur les médicaments est communiquée lors de la transition du patient entre les secteurs de soins. Elle consiste en la vérification (collecte d’un historique médicamenteux correct et l’identification des discordances médicamenteuses), la clarification (s’assurer que les médicaments et la posologie sont appropriés), la conciliation (documentation de chaque changement de médicament et éducation du patient à ce sujet) et finalement le transfert d’information aux autres professionnels de santé. Les résultats montrent que l’intervention des pharmaciens cliniciens diminue le risque de discordances médicamenteuses médicalement non justifiées après la sortie de l’hôpital. De plus, la satisfaction des patients vis à vis de l’information sur les médicaments prescrits à la sortie est significativement plus élevée dans le groupe pris en charge par le pharmacien clinicien. Cependant, aucun impact n’a été montré sur l’utilisation des services de soins (visites aux urgences et réadmission à l’hôpital) dans le mois après la sortie. Finalement, la dernière partie de ce travail a permis de développer une information sur les médicaments destinée aux pharmaciens d’officine à la sortie de l’hôpital du patient. Une étude prospective a évalué l’effet de la remise de cette information, dénommée feuille de transfert, par le pharmacien clinicien au patient. Une enquête en ligne ouverte à tous les pharmaciens d’officine a par ailleurs évalué leurs besoins en information. Il a été observé que la communication d’une feuille de transfert contenant des informations sur le traitement médicamenteux à la sortie de l’hôpital présente un réel intérêt pour le pharmacien d’officine. Ces informations vont en effet au-delà des informations retrouvées sur une prescription médicale. Néanmoins, la feuille de transfert devrait inclure davantage d'informations nécessaires pour la réalisation des soins pharmaceutiques.
En conclusion, ce travail a permis de développer, d’une part, un nouvel outil de détection et de classification des discordances médicamenteuses médicalement non justifiées et d’autre part, un modèle de pratique qui a montré son efficacité sur la continuité des traitements médicamenteux lors de la sortie des patients de l’hôpital à leur domicile, en maison de repos et en revalidation. Toutefois, des perspectives d’amélioration de ce modèle ont été mises en évidence et mériteraient une attention particulière dans le futur.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sarraj, Faysal. "Analyse des stratégies de prévention bucco-dentaire chez les enfants à haut risque carieux dans la région Île-de-France". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077172.
Testo completoMelioli, Tiffany. "Troubles du comportement alimentaire : psychoéducation et prévention par internet". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20090.
Testo completoStudy 1 – Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of Internet-based programs in decreasing eating disorder (ED) symptoms and to identify moderator variables of effects. Results: Compared to control conditions, Internet-based programs were successful in decreasing ED symptoms and risk factors with small to moderate between-group effect sizes. Moderator analyses revealed no impact of participant risk status on intervention effects. Study 2 – Aims: To evaluate an ED Internet-based prevention program efficacy (ProYouth) on decreases of disordered eating symptoms. Results: Among individuals having completed at least 4 monitoring assessments, time since registration was found to significantly predict decreases in binge eating (β = -.01, p < .001). Study 3 – Aims: To disseminate, through Internet, French guidelines for providing first aid to individuals suffering from ED symptoms and to explore the user characteristics and the perceived usefulness of the guidelines. Results: The guidelines were downloaded 1174 times and 312 participants have reported downloading the guidelines to increase their knowledge, or out of curiosity. Forty-two of the 50 users having completed the second questionnaire found the guidelines “useful” or “very useful.” Conclusion: The Internet might have great potential to prevent EDs among French college students. Promoting reliable information through the Internet could help to increase ED mental health literacy and would therefore be an important step towards improving access to ED treatment
Morin, Laurianne. "Cascades de prévention et de soins du VIH chez les travailleuses du sexe au Bénin, Afrique de l'Ouest". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67318.
Testo completoBackground & Objectives: Benin has a long-standing history of HIV prevention programs aimed atfemale sex workers (FSWs). Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment is available in Benin since 2002 and a testand-treat strategy was adopted in 2016. We used data from a national survey among FSWs (2017) toassess the prevention and care cascades in this population. Methods: FSWs were recruited through cluster sampling of sex work sites. After informed consent, a questionnaire was administered, and HIV tested with sequential rapid tests whose results were givenback to participants. After a second consent, HIV-positive participants were asked to provide driedblood spots (DBS). DBS were tested for ARV and viral load. We assessed two prevention cascades(HIV testing and safer sex) and the treatment cascade, using a combination of self-reported andbiological variables for defining HIV-positive status knowledge and being on treatment. Results: Mean age of the 1086 FSWs was 30 years. Only half of them were Beninese and two-thirdshad a primary school education level or less. Almost all FSWs had ever heard of HIV/AIDS. 79.1%had ever been tested, and 84.1% of the latter had been tested in the last year. In the previous sixmonths, 90.1% were exposed to prevention messages. Of those, over two thirds (72.8%) had seen a condom demonstration during the same period and 92% of the latter received free condoms in thelast three months. Women exposed to any HIV prevention message (last six months) reported a higherlevel of consistent condom use in the last month (69.0%) than those who were not (48.5%, p<0.0001).HIV prevalence was 7.7%. Among HIV-positive women, 60.6% knew their status; among those,90.5% were on ARV and 81.8% of the latter had a suppressed viral load.Conclusions: Despite long-standing HIV prevention programs for FSWs, the prevention indicators were often low, likely in relation to high FSW mobility, as half of them were migrants. Linkage to carewas good, viral suppression was sub-optimal, but knowledge of HIV-positive status was very low. Exposing women to prevention messages is necessary, as to increase HIV testing and improveadherence counselling towards FSWs on ARV.
Gallant, Claudia. "Évaluation des connaissances et des pratiques des infirmières, en centre hospitalier universitaire, en matière de prévention et de traitement des plaies de pression". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25304/25304.pdf.
Testo completoBouadma, Lila. "Pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique : construction et évaluation d'un programme de prévention". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077210.
Testo completoVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the intensive care unit (ICU setting. Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines to prevent VAP, they remain poorly implemented. The objective was to determine the effect of a 2-yr multifaceted program aimed at preventing VAP. The program involved a healthcare workers (HCWs) and included a multidisciplinary task force, an educational session, direct observations with performance feedback, technical improvements, and reminders. It focused on eight targeted measures based on well recognized published guidelines, easily and precisely defined acts, and directly concerned HCW's bedside behavior: 1 compliance with hand-hygiene rules including use of an alcohol-based hand rub, 2) proper glove and gown use, 3) keeping patients in the semi-recumbent position, 4) keeping the endotracheal tube cuff pressure >20 cm H2O, 5) using orogastric tubes rather than nasogastric tubes, 6) avoiding gastric overdistension, 7) decontaminating the patient's mouth with 0. 12% chlorhexidine at least four times/day, and 8) eliminating nonessential tracheal suction. We studied the impact of the programme on compliance with the targeted preventive measures, on HCWs'individual factors and on VA incidence and the role of technical devices. Our preventive program produced sustained VAP rate decreases in the long term. However, VAP rates remained substantial despite high compliance with preventive measures, suggesting that eliminating VAP in the ICU may be an unrealistic goal
Huchon, Pascale. "Utilisation des antibiotiques en secteur d'hospitalisation chirurgicale : enquête de prévalence au CHU de Bordeaux". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M040.
Testo completoMaltais, Marie-Ève. "Association entre détresse psychologique et expérience de soins de première ligne chez des patients avec multimorbidité". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9775.
Testo completoRachas, Antoine. "Recours aux soins des jeunes en transition vers l’âge adulte ayant une pathologie chronique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS004/document.
Testo completoThe prognosis of childhood-onset chronic conditions has improved, such that more patients now reach adulthood. However, adolescence and entry into adulthood is a critical period that may be associated with poor outcomes, including gaps in care continuity and medical complications. Here, I first described hospitalization and mortality rates in youths registered for a long-term disease (LTD) before the age of 14 (N=1,752), relative to those with no LTD (N=52,346). A retrospective cohort (2005-2014) was built from a sample of the French national health insurance database, called Echantillon généraliste des Bénéficiaires. Approximately 3% of 14-year-old youths had been registered for a LTD. The mortality patterns by gender and the trend in hospitalization rates by age were different from those in the general population of the same age, especially after reaching the age of 18, which was followed by a fall in hospitalization rates. Then, using the same data, I showed that the prognosis of these youths living with a chronic disease, including mortality, was associated with low socio-economic level, as measured by being covered by Couverture Maladie Universelle Complementaire, a public complementary health insurance offering free access to care, delivered on the basis of very low househould incomes. Hence, overcoming financial barriers did not offset social health inequalities in this population. At last, one day, these youths have to be transferred to adult care. Moving to adult care is a critical time in patients’ follow-up that may lead to discontinuity in medical care. Transition programs are being gradually implemented, to prepare and smooth the transfer and support youths during this period. I performed a systematic review of literature (23 studies) that highlighted two aspects of continuity of care during transfer: engagement (first contacts) and retention in adult care once the first contact has been established. This review also emphasized the paucity of knowledge to evaluate transition programs in terms of care continuity. Finally, the results of this PhD raises many issues that need to be addressed, including coping strategies of young patients with high risk situations, and the role of transfer to adult care on patient behavior, prognosis and clinical practices. Studies involving patients with a large spectrum of severe chronic diseases, including factors related to healthcare organization, related to the disease, individual and familial, should be encouraged
Eveillard, Marion. "Identification de marqueurs prédictifs de la rechute ou de mauvaise réponse au traitement dans les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques". Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT09VS.
Testo completoAcute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) are of good prognosis in children and their prognosis improves in adults, yet almost one of five children and half the adults relapse. Several prognostic factors allow to identify these patients at risk. Pre-therapeutic factors depending on the patient (age, comorbidities) or on the disease (leukocytosis, immunophenotype, karyotypic or molecular anomalies) are good prognostic indicators. In the first part of this work, the immunophenotype of paired diagnosis and relapse samples has been compared by targeting new antigenic markers. Then the genome of 17 childhood ALL was analyzed by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) array to identify poor prognosis markers such as IKZF1 deletion, identified in 2 patients, one of whom then relapsed. Finally, early response to chemotherapy was studied in a multicenter (Nantes, Marseille) exploration of minimal residual disease at Day 21 of induction (MRD0) by flow cytometry in 123 de novo childhood ALL treated in the FRALLE. Three risk groups were identified with significantly different event-free survival (p=0,00017) and overall survival (p=0,048): low risk (MRD<10-4), intermediate risk (10-210-2). MRD0 discriminates the 14 corticoresistant patients and the 109 chemosensitive patients by identifying those of poorer prognosis. MRD0 is also more discriminant than day 35 MRD1 and isolates MRD0+/MRD1- poor prognosis patients. All these techniques will be implemented in a research protocol supported by Nantes University Hospital
Ramandraivonona, Rova. "Dépenses de santé et arrêts maladie en France entre 2009 et 2012". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED016/document.
Testo completoThe purpose of this dissertation is to define the role of French healthcare expenditures, and to identify whether care represent a cost or an investment. We use the inter-relationships between care and sick leaves for more than a hundred thousand employees. Results show a combination of preventive and curative impact of any care expenditure.By regressing additional care cost on having declared a sick leave, we highlight the significant cost of care that can be likened to consumption.With a zero inflated Poisson model, we also investigate sick leave’s key factors. In particular we focus on sectors and find that working conditions differentiate probability of sick leave, whereas employment conditions and social environment discriminate between sick leave’s durations.We then examine the preventive role of care, reducing significantly the number of sick leave days for the next year : A Poisson regression model is used where the initial condition problem has been taken into account.In our last approach, we statically classify health care and sick leave behavior to finally show that health capital can be viewed as a continuum for which investments are realized
Gozy, Pascale. "Enquête visant la mise au point d'un protocole de prévention et de soins des escarres dans un centre hospitalier général". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P145.
Testo completoAbakar, Idriss Hassan. "Dérivation et validation d'indicateurs de qualité visant la réduction des complications pour les hospitalisations en traumatologie". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70267.
Testo completoMore than 1 in 5 patients admitted to a trauma centre in Canada will develop at least one hospital complication, more than three times the proportion observed for general admissions. In accordance with initiatives to improve the quality of care and services related to complications, we proposed 4 quality indicators to reduce hospital complications in trauma. We targeted 4 complications potentially related to quality of care with a high incidence in trauma centres: deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE), decubitus ulcers, delirium, and pneumonia. Our study was based on a retrospective cohort including 21,124 adults admitted between 2014 and 2018 with moderate or severe trauma to a level I or II trauma center in Quebec. Our indicators were adjusted taking into account the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of the patients. The derived indicators demonstrated excellent predictive performance and identified 3 hospitals with an incidence of at least one of the targeted complications higher than average. The inter-hospital variations observed were different from one complication to another with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 2.4% for pneumonia to 23.4% for DVT/PE. We also proposed algorithms, related to these indicators, to identify patient charts that should be reviewed. The algorithms identified on average 50 and 20 cases of unexpected complications to be reviewed per year for level I and II centers (niveau tertiaire et secondaire régional), respectively. The indicators developed can be used for comparisons among designated centres in a trauma system or for monitoring purposes within specific centres. The identification of unexpected complications will allow the review of cases to identify the reasons for the discrepancies identified by the indicators and propose solutions.
Dixmérias-Iskandar, Florence. "L'analgésie préventive péri-opératoire diminue-t-elle l'incidence de la douleur post-opératoire et de la douleur séquellaire ? A propos des mastectomies avec curage ganglionnaire axillaire". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23045.
Testo completoAtlani-Duault, Laëtitia. "Nations Unies, société civile et bonne gouvernance. Ethnographie des politiques internationales de prévention du VIH en Asie centrale et en Transcaucasie post-soviétiques (1994-2001)". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100026.
Testo completoThe principal impact of this ethnography is that it provides an in-depth examination of the institutional processes, categories and stages through which the United Nations have have defined and elaborated the notions of "civil society" and "good gouvernance" in their HIV prevention programs in Central Asia and Transcaucasia, and then analyses how these notions come to be translated and applied on the ground (between 1994 and 2001). As such, the etnography 1) decribes the waysin which these discourses and practices have, in recent years, become normalized and have penetrated people's daily lives, 2) the various modes of questionning, problematizing and destabilizing that have been formulated by local actors in opposition to these normalizing discourses; and 3) how these local resistances have, in part, been incorporated into changing ideological and practical fields at the United Nations
Roux, Chantal. "Apports des translations des glandes sous-maxillaires chez les irradiés de la sphère oro-faciale en prévention des affections bucco-dentaires post-radiques". Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT1466.
Testo completoMagnain, Pascale. "Evaluation de la prévention des thromboses veineuses profondes en médecine gériatrique à propos de 415 patients". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M184.
Testo completoNiada, Gonde Fanta. "Évaluation du plan d'accélération de réduction de la mortalité maternelle et néonatale au Burkina Faso : Cas des provinces du Kadiogo et du Bazèga". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28550/28550.pdf.
Testo completoBréchat, Pierre-Henri. "Territoires et égalité d'accès aux soins et à la santé". Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020054/document.
Testo completoThe recomposition of public health policies has, for some years now, recentred around a notion of « relevant territory ». Experiments conducted since 1991 in the field of health and social planning have led public authorities to suggest a range of « health territories ». This notion allows identification of the perimeters within which the state attempts to knit together care and health offers in line with the needs of the population as well as with national or regional priorities. Beyond the fact of inequalities between territories, certain issues relating to access to care and health seem destined to get in the way. The French law of 2009 on reforming hospitals and concerning patients, health care and territories, sets out new models, in accordance with a redefinition of public service missions, which demand reflection on these inequalities as well as on those inequalities derived therefrom. There is a layering of places and forms of inequality which invites a rethink of the discursive variations between the maintenance of public service and the development of services for every section of the public. Proposals are made to improve equality of access to care and health for everyone, everywhere, so that principles of solidarity and fraternity no longer be called into question. This set of proposals could allow a return to a public service, effectively addressing such 21st century challenges as the reduction of inequalities. With the patient rights issue at its heart, this work on public health territory guarantees equality of access to care and health, illustrating the territorialisation of health policy. This means, of course, that the territorialisation dynamic concerns all public policy
Seror, Valérie. "L'évaluation économique des politiques de prévention dans le domaine de la santé : l'exemple du dépistage prénatal". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010051.
Testo completoThe issue of an optimal allocation of collective ressources for health prevention primary prevention (in order to induce changing behaviours) and secondary prevention (in order to early treat according to a classical distinction of the w. H. O. , is in the heart of the economic matter in drawing up public policies. Choices in health policies are a matter of the social rentability criterium ; i. E. The benefit which is expected by the collectivity, compared to efforts necessitated and ressources consumed. Economic measurement raises methodological difficulties, more stressed when applied to health. These issues are illustrated in two particuliar contexts : genetical handicap prevention and prevention of perinatal transmission of aids. The terms raised in social debates make clear that the approach applied to health will find its legitimacy in its ability to make explicit the multiple choices according to values and social preferences, often refered to as esthical choices, and which are used as reference for tutelary decisions. The thesis upheld is that a normative approach of public economics may help to this clarification