Tesi sul tema "Context"
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1
Belleri, Delia <1983>. "Semantic under-determinacy, Content and Context". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4980/1/Belleri_Delia_Tesi.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the thesis is to investigate the topic of semantic under-determinacy, i.e. the failure of the semantic content of certain expressions to determine a truth-evaluable utterance content. In the first part of the thesis, I engage with the problem of setting apart semantic under-determinacy as opposed to other phenomena such as ambiguity, vagueness, indexicality. As I will argue, the feature that distinguishes semantic under-determinacy from these phenomena is its being explainable solely in terms of under-articulation. In the second part of the thesis, I discuss the topic of how communication is possible, despite the semantic under-determinacy of language. I discuss a number of answers that have been offered: (i) the Radical Contextualist explanation which emphasises the role of pragmatic processes in utterance comprehension; (ii) the Indexicalist explanation in terms of hidden syntactic positions; (iii) the Relativist account, which regards sentences as true or false relative to extra coordinates in the circumstances of evaluation (besides possible worlds). In the final chapter, I propose an account of the comprehension of utterances of semantically under-determined sentences in terms of conceptual constraints, i.e. ways of organising information which regulate thought and discourse on certain matters. Conceptual constraints help the hearer to work out the truth-conditions of an utterance of a semantically under-determined sentence. Their role is clearly semantic, in that they contribute to “what is said” (rather than to “what is implied”); however, they do not respond to any syntactic constraint. The view I propose therefore differs, on the one hand, from Radical Contextualism, because it stresses the role of semantic-governed processes as opposed to pragmatics-governed processes; on the other hand, it differs from Indexicalism in its not endorsing any commitment as to hidden syntactic positions; and it differs from Relativism in that it maintains a monadic notion if truth.Scopo della tesi è indagare il tema della sottodeterminazione semantica, ossia il fenomeno per cui il contenuto semantico di un'espressione non determina un contenuto passibile di valutazione per i propri proferimenti. Nella prima parte della tesi, affronto il problema di come distinguere la sottodeterminazione semantica da fenomeni quali ambiguità, vaghezza, indicalità. Sosterrò che ciò che distingue la sottodeterminazione semantica è la possibilità di spiegarla unicamente in termini di sotto-articolazione. Nella seconda parte della tesi, discuto il problema di come la comunicazione sia possibile, nonostante la sottodeterminazione semantica. Prendo in considerazione varie risposte: (i) il Contestualismo Radicale, per cui processi pragmatici intervengono nella comprensione dei proferimenti; (ii) la spiegazione Indicalista, in termini di posizioni articolate in sintassi profonda; (iii) il Relativismo, secondo cui gli enunciati sono veri o falsi rispetto a coordinate aggiuntive nelle circostanze di valutazione (oltre ai mondi possibili). Nel capitolo finale, propongo un resoconto per cui la comprensione di enunciati sottodeterminati si avvale di vincoli concettuali. I vincoli concettuali sono modi di organizzare l'informazione che regolano il pensiero e il discorso. Nella prospettiva che difendo, i vincoli concettuali vengono sfruttati dall'ascoltatore per ricostruire il contenuto di un proferimento sotto-determinato. Il ruolo dei vincoli concettuali è senza dubbio semantico, poiché essi contribuiscono a determinare “ciò che è detto” (non “ciò che è implicato”). Ciononostante, essi non rispondono ad alcun vincolo sintattico. La mia proposta si discosta dal Contestualismo Radicale, perché dà risalto a processi semantici anziché a processi pragmatici. D'altro canto, si discosta dall'Indicalismo nel non postulare posizioni nascoste in sintassi profonda; infine, differisce dal Relativismo poiché mantiene una nozione monadica di verità.
2
Belleri, Delia <1983>. "Semantic under-determinacy, Content and Context". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4980/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the thesis is to investigate the topic of semantic under-determinacy, i.e. the failure of the semantic content of certain expressions to determine a truth-evaluable utterance content. In the first part of the thesis, I engage with the problem of setting apart semantic under-determinacy as opposed to other phenomena such as ambiguity, vagueness, indexicality. As I will argue, the feature that distinguishes semantic under-determinacy from these phenomena is its being explainable solely in terms of under-articulation. In the second part of the thesis, I discuss the topic of how communication is possible, despite the semantic under-determinacy of language. I discuss a number of answers that have been offered: (i) the Radical Contextualist explanation which emphasises the role of pragmatic processes in utterance comprehension; (ii) the Indexicalist explanation in terms of hidden syntactic positions; (iii) the Relativist account, which regards sentences as true or false relative to extra coordinates in the circumstances of evaluation (besides possible worlds). In the final chapter, I propose an account of the comprehension of utterances of semantically under-determined sentences in terms of conceptual constraints, i.e. ways of organising information which regulate thought and discourse on certain matters. Conceptual constraints help the hearer to work out the truth-conditions of an utterance of a semantically under-determined sentence. Their role is clearly semantic, in that they contribute to “what is said” (rather than to “what is implied”); however, they do not respond to any syntactic constraint. The view I propose therefore differs, on the one hand, from Radical Contextualism, because it stresses the role of semantic-governed processes as opposed to pragmatics-governed processes; on the other hand, it differs from Indexicalism in its not endorsing any commitment as to hidden syntactic positions; and it differs from Relativism in that it maintains a monadic notion if truth.Scopo della tesi è indagare il tema della sottodeterminazione semantica, ossia il fenomeno per cui il contenuto semantico di un'espressione non determina un contenuto passibile di valutazione per i propri proferimenti. Nella prima parte della tesi, affronto il problema di come distinguere la sottodeterminazione semantica da fenomeni quali ambiguità, vaghezza, indicalità. Sosterrò che ciò che distingue la sottodeterminazione semantica è la possibilità di spiegarla unicamente in termini di sotto-articolazione. Nella seconda parte della tesi, discuto il problema di come la comunicazione sia possibile, nonostante la sottodeterminazione semantica. Prendo in considerazione varie risposte: (i) il Contestualismo Radicale, per cui processi pragmatici intervengono nella comprensione dei proferimenti; (ii) la spiegazione Indicalista, in termini di posizioni articolate in sintassi profonda; (iii) il Relativismo, secondo cui gli enunciati sono veri o falsi rispetto a coordinate aggiuntive nelle circostanze di valutazione (oltre ai mondi possibili). Nel capitolo finale, propongo un resoconto per cui la comprensione di enunciati sottodeterminati si avvale di vincoli concettuali. I vincoli concettuali sono modi di organizzare l'informazione che regolano il pensiero e il discorso. Nella prospettiva che difendo, i vincoli concettuali vengono sfruttati dall'ascoltatore per ricostruire il contenuto di un proferimento sotto-determinato. Il ruolo dei vincoli concettuali è senza dubbio semantico, poiché essi contribuiscono a determinare “ciò che è detto” (non “ciò che è implicato”). Ciononostante, essi non rispondono ad alcun vincolo sintattico. La mia proposta si discosta dal Contestualismo Radicale, perché dà risalto a processi semantici anziché a processi pragmatici. D'altro canto, si discosta dall'Indicalismo nel non postulare posizioni nascoste in sintassi profonda; infine, differisce dal Relativismo poiché mantiene una nozione monadica di verità.
3
Jakobsen, Gitte Dreyer, e Andreas Persson. "Environmental Performance : Content and Context". Thesis, Högskolan i Kalmar, Handelshögskolan BBS, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1793.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We started out with a focus on how companies act when considering the environment in business, but the research took us further than that and led us to the root of our research focus. We are discussing aspects pertaining to the relation of society – and business life, and how human beings perceive the connection to nature. Our initial thought was to study business and how companies handle the environmental context, but the social context appeared to us as well with its strong connection to the environment. The master thesis is written with a respect for the environment and with an aspiration to give a sense of the larger context wherein nature and human itself exist. The environment is a complex issue for companies to handle. The benefits of improving the environmental performance are not always clear, which induces companies with insecurity as to what strategic action should be taken. The development of environmental performance over the years has resulted in certain environmental deeds, which have become institutionalized in different industries. What is considered to be ethically acceptable is not easily established, but it is a term companies are facing more often, especially when companies take actions that give them higher influence on society. Every company can claim to be environmentally friendly, at the same time, consumers are skeptical towards these claims, which complicates sincere attempts of environmental improvements. A company’s reality is constructed by people, and the company has to adjust to the demands people have outside and inside the organization. It is people’s perception of the environment that will state the demands of a company. We have studied three companies and how they handle their environmental performance that is determined by the business context, and the perception the interviewees have thereof. In the environmental area of sustainability, ISO-certification is an industry norm that is created, sustainable forestry is another, but we have realized that the environmental area is not balanced. The norms and expectations of society conflict with business and environmental considerations. That is why some companies are hesitant in initiating environmental action, because environmental initiatives cost, as any investment does, and might not give back tangible benefits.
4
Brouwer, John Frederick. "Richard Baxter's Christian Directory : context and content". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251961.
Testo completo
5
Yli-Vakkuri, Tuomo Juhani. "Essays on semantic content and context-sensitivity". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bbdfacab-c35b-42a9-9f77-28479e3015b9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis comprises three foundational studies on the topics named in its title, together with an introduction. Ch. 1 argues against a popular combination of views in the philosophy of language: Propositionality, which says that the semantic values of natural language sentences (relative to contexts) are the propositions they express (in those contexts) and Compositionality, which says that the semantic value of a complex expression of a natural language (in a context) is determined by the semantic values its immediate constituents have (in that same context) together with their syntactic mode of combination. Ch. 1 argues that the Naïve Picture is inconsistent with the presence of variable-binding in natural languages. Ch. 2 criticizes the strategy of using “operator arguments” to establish relativist conclusions such as: that the truth values of propositions vary with time (Time Relativism) or that they vary with location (Location Relativism). Operator arguments purport to derive the conclusion that propositions vary in truth value along some parameter P from the premise that there are, in some language, sentential operators that operate on or “shift” the P parameter. I identify two forms of operator argument, offer a reconstruction of each, and I argue that both they rely on an implausible, coarse-grained conception of propositions. Ch. 3 is an assessment of the prospects for semantic internalism. It argues, first, that to accommodate Putnam’s famous Twin Earth examples, an internalist must maintain that narrow semantic content determines different extensions relative to agents and times. Second, that the most thoroughly worked out version of semantic internalism – the epistemic two-dimensionalism (E2D) of David Chalmers – can accommodate the original Twin Earth thought experiments but is refuted by similar thought experiments that involve temporally or spatially symmetric agents.
6
Kassim, Mona Yati Mohd. "Tourism in Brunei Darussalam : content and context". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34408.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this research was to analyse the content and context of tourism stakeholder management in Negara Brunei Darussalam and to investigate stakeholder views on tourism management, planning and development. The author attempted to identify the web of stakeholders as perceived by the main key groups of players in the tourism industry in the months leading up to the sultanate's first ever 'Visit Brunei Year 2001'. In addition, she attempted to investigate the underlying causes of ineffective tourism management in Negara Brunei Darussalam, which operates under a strict Malay Muslim Monarchy ('Melayu Islam Beraja' or'MIB') system of governance and national philosophy. Many hold the view that developing the tourism industry in Negara Brunei Darussalam is a necessary stepping-stone towards diversification from its dependence on oil and gas. However, very little effort has been made to educate the general community on its benefits and disadvantages. In addition, only a very select group of people are directly involved in its planning and development leading to conflict in the community. Little has been said about real community support of tourism development and on the impact it may have on its stakeholders. The present study has attempted to do this. Problems in tourism management, planning and development are expected to arise because of Negara Brunei Darussalam's inexperience in this field, lack of coordination and planning between government and private sectors; and, perhaps due to conflict between its MIB philosophy and the perceived negative nature of the tourism industry. Research was conducted in several stages from November 1999 to February 2001. Data collection from the fieldwork was elicited through questionnaires administered by four trained interviewers in all four districts in Negara Brunei Darussalam and through in-depth interviews with selected tourism stakeholders by the author. The author observed that key players of tourism were relatively unaware of the concept of community participation in tourism development and planning, as well as the identity of a wider range of tourism stakeholders. The community at large does support tourism development and planning and expectations for accrual of tourism revenue and benefits are high. Many in the private sector have voiced the view that the government should do more to give this industry a boost. Similarly, the governmental body believes that a pro-active private sector is needed for sustainability of this industry. An alternative model to western stakeholder management is proposed that is applicable to this small Muslim sultanate.
7
RUBINSZTEJN, HANA KARINA SALLES. "CONTEXT-BASED CONTENT ADAPTATION FOR PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE SYSTEMS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11494@1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOServiços para disseminação de informações (serviços push) têm sido amplamente utilizados, em particular para aplicações envolvendo usuários móveis. Estes serviços geralmente atendem a dispositivos com recursos bem diferenciados e em contextos de execução (conectividade sem fio, reserva de energia, etc.) distintos, fazendo necessário adaptar o conteúdo difundido dinamica- e individualmente para cada cliente. Uma vez que muitas adaptações de conteúdo envolvem operações custosas e demandam alto poder de processamento, estas não devem ser realizadas nos clientes móveis. Por outro lado, executar no servidor, as adaptações para cada cliente móvel, torna- se pouco eficiente e escalável. Assim, em tais serviços, é comum utilizar-se intermediários dedicados às adaptações de conteúdo (de acordo com o contexto) dos clientes. Comunicação assíncrona, como publish/subscribe, é considerada por muitos como a mais apropriada para este tipo de serviço. Por outro lado, sistemas para adaptação de conteúdo sensível a contexto não dão suporte a este tipo de comunicação, até porque a adaptação precisa ser individual, e portanto conflita com o paradigma de comunicação um-para-muitos. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma arquitetura para sistemas publish/subscribe com adaptação sensível a contexto, que utiliza um algoritmo que otimiza a adaptação de conteúdo para grandes conjuntos de clientes de uma difusão.
Services for information dissemination (push services) are being widely used, in particular for applications involving mobile users. These services generally serve devices with diferent resources and with distinct execution contexts (wireless connectivity, energy source, etc.), making it necessary to adapt disseminated content individual and dynamically for each client. Since many content adaptations involve costly operations and demand high processing power, these should not be executed at the mobile clients. On the other hand, it is neither efficient nor scalable to execute the adaptations for each mobile client at the server. Thus, in such services, it is common to use proxies dedicated to content adaptations (based on the context) of clients. Asynchronous communication, such as publish/- subscribe, is considered the most appropriate form of communication for this type of service. On the other hand, systems for context-aware content adaptation do not support this type of communication. In this thesis we present an architecture for publish/subscribe systems with context-aware content adaptation, that uses an algorithm that optimizes the content adaptation for large sets of clients.
8
Solomontos-Kountouri, Olga. "The stages, content and context of adolescent identity". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020527/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Adolescent identity attracts much interest in the research community, however the majority of existing studies conceptualise it as a global construct with minor examination of its content. The present research focuses on a snapshot of domainspecific identities: political, religious and occupational, viewed as complex constructs, and examines them in various dimensions. First, the developmental stages of global identity as theorised by Erikson and Marcia are critically contrasted with domainspecific identities. Second, the analysis of the content of adolescents' identities reveals different values, attitudes and beliefs, which were used in a cluster analysis to identify distinct identity types. Thirdly, gender and context differences of developmental stages, content and types of adolescents' identities are considered. The context of Greek Cypriot society, specifically, the ecological systems of the politics of partition, the strong Greek Orthodox faith and the contradictions of tradition and modernisation/Europeanization are used to understand the role of the environment in adolescents' identities. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,038 Greek Cypriot adolescents (449 males and 589 females, mean age 16.8) completed part of the Extended Objective Measure of Ego- Identity Status, which assesses identity developmental stages in both global and domain-specific identities. They were also asked to write three answers to three questions of the type "Who Are You?" in each of the referred identity domains. This valuable textual data was analysed by using both variable and person-centered approaches. The results suggest that the identity of adolescents does not always develop synchronously across its domains, thus, the presentation of only global identity conceals the complexity of identity as a multi-faceted concept. This was especially evident in the analysis of the content of political, religious and occupational identities that revealed interesting and varying elements, as well as meaningful and heterogeneous identity types. The significance of identity content and its use in the understanding of adolescent identity is highlighted. Gender and context are integral parts of the developmental stages and the content of adolescents' identities.
9
Gilfether, Kevin G. "The Content of Thought Experiments and Philosophical Context". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1368182630.
Testo completo
10
Svensson, Martin, e Oskar Pettersson. "Case study: Extending content metadata by appending user context". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-743.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent developments in modern computing and wireless networks allow mobile devices to be connected to the Internet regardless of their physical location. These mobile devices, such as smart phones and PDAs, have turned into powerful multimedia units allowing users to become producers of rich media content. This latest development contributes to the ever-growing amount of digital material existing on the World Wide Web, and at the same time creates a new information landscape that combines content coming from both, the wired and mobile Internet. Thus, it is important to understand the context or settings in which mobile devices are used, and what is the digital content produced by the different users. In order to gain more knowledge about this domain, we have investigated how to extend the standard metadata related to content with a metadata domain describing the context, or settings in which the content has been created.
In order to limit the scope of our work, we have focused our efforts in a specific case taking place in a project called AMULETS. The AMULETS-project contains all of the elements we need in order to resemble the contextual setting in a metadata model. Combined with the technical metadata associated to the digital content, we try to display the benefits of capturing the different attributes of the context that were present when the content was generated. Additionally, we have created a proof-of-concept Entity Relation (ER)-diagram which proposes how the metadata models can be implemented in a relational database. As the nature of the thesis is design-oriented, a model has been developed and it will be illustrated throughout this report. The aim of the thesis is to show how it is possible to design new metadata models that combine both relevant attributes of the context and content in order to develop new educational activities supported by location-based services.
11
Pinto, Filipe Cabral. "Context-aware multimedia content distribution to groups of users". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545976.
Testo completo
12
Terfve, Camille Delphine Alice. "Modelling high content proteomics data in a signalling context". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708108.
Testo completo
13
Barbro, Patrick A. "Content and Context: Consumer Interactions with Digital Decision Aids". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/332469.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Business Administration/MarketingPh.D.
Through four essays, this dissertation contributes to the body of marketing literature by advancing understanding of consumer interactions with digital decision aids. Different aspects of the content contained within digital decision aids are explored in several contexts. First, the drivers of consumer interactivity in an online review community are examined and it is found that violations of community norms are an important factor in stimulating consumer action. Second, a tool is developed to facilitate the normalization of online review content across languages. Next, elements of language and national culture are investigated to determine their influence on consumer reviews in an international context. It is found that cultural biases play an important role in the relative verbosity, valence, and helpfulness of online reviews across countries. Lastly, the role of images in digital decision aids is considered and it is found that image type and perspective can influence consumer product evaluation. In sum, the influence that content and context have on consumer interactions with digital decision aids is clearly demonstrated through a diverse yet intertwined set of studies.
Temple University--Theses
14
Apodaca, Andrew Thomas. "Content versus Context in the Accuracy of Episodic Memories". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192280.
Testo completo
15
Broilo, Mattia. "Photo Indexing and Retrieval based on Content and Context". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369243.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The widespread use of digital cameras, as well as the increasing popularity of online photo sharing has led to the proliferation of networked photo collections. Handling such a huge amount of media, without imposing complex and time consuming archiving procedures, is highly desirable and poses a number of interesting research challenges to the media community. In particular, the definition of suitable content based indexing and retrieval methodologies is attracting the effort of a large number of researchers worldwide, who proposed various tools for automatic content organization, retrieval, search, annotation and summarization. In this thesis, we will present and discuss three different approaches for content-and-context based retrieval. The main focus will be put on personal photo albums, which can be considered one of the most challenging application domains in this field, due to the largely unstructured and variable nature of the datasets. The methodologies that we will describe can be summarized into the following three points:
i. Stochastic approaches to exploit the user interaction in query-by-example photos retrieval. Understanding the subjective meaning of a visual query, by converting it into numerical parameters that can be extracted and compared by a computer, is the paramount challenge in the field of intelligent image retrieval, also referred to as the “semantic gap†problem. An innovative approach is proposed that combines a relevance feedback process with a stochastic optimization engine, as a way to grasp user's semantics through optimized iterative learning providing on one side a better exploration of the search space, and on the other side avoiding stagnation in local minima during the retrieval.
ii. Unsupervised event collection, segmentation and summarization. The need for automatic tools able to extract salient moments and provide automatic summary of large photo galleries is becoming more and more important due to the exponential growth in the use of digital media for recording personal, familiar or social life events. The multi-modal event segmentation algorithm faces the summarization problem in an holistic way, making it possible to exploit the whole available information in a fully unsupervised way. The proposed technique aims at providing such a tool, with the specific goal of reducing the need of complex parameter settings and letting the system be widely useful for as many situations as possible.
iii. Content-based synchronization of multiple galleries related to the same event.
The large spread of photo cameras makes it quite common that an event is acquired through different devices, conveying different subjects and perspectives of the same happening. Automatic tools are more and more used to support the users in organizing such archives, and it is largely accepted that time information is crucial to this purpose. Unfortunately time-stamps may be affected by erroneous or imprecise setting of the camera clock. The synchronization algorithm presented is the first that uses the content of pictures to estimate the mutual delays among different cameras, thus achieving an a-posteriori synchronization of various photo collections referring to the same event.
16
Broilo, Mattia. "Photo Indexing and Retrieval based on Content and Context". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/584/1/Mattia_Broilo_-_PhD_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The widespread use of digital cameras, as well as the increasing popularity of online photo sharing has led to the proliferation of networked photo collections. Handling such a huge amount of media, without imposing complex and time consuming archiving procedures, is highly desirable and poses a number of interesting research challenges to the media community. In particular, the definition of suitable content based indexing and retrieval methodologies is attracting the effort of a large number of researchers worldwide, who proposed various tools for automatic content organization, retrieval, search, annotation and summarization. In this thesis, we will present and discuss three different approaches for content-and-context based retrieval. The main focus will be put on personal photo albums, which can be considered one of the most challenging application domains in this field, due to the largely unstructured and variable nature of the datasets. The methodologies that we will describe can be summarized into the following three points:
i. Stochastic approaches to exploit the user interaction in query-by-example photos retrieval. Understanding the subjective meaning of a visual query, by converting it into numerical parameters that can be extracted and compared by a computer, is the paramount challenge in the field of intelligent image retrieval, also referred to as the “semantic gap” problem. An innovative approach is proposed that combines a relevance feedback process with a stochastic optimization engine, as a way to grasp user's semantics through optimized iterative learning providing on one side a better exploration of the search space, and on the other side avoiding stagnation in local minima during the retrieval.
ii. Unsupervised event collection, segmentation and summarization. The need for automatic tools able to extract salient moments and provide automatic summary of large photo galleries is becoming more and more important due to the exponential growth in the use of digital media for recording personal, familiar or social life events. The multi-modal event segmentation algorithm faces the summarization problem in an holistic way, making it possible to exploit the whole available information in a fully unsupervised way. The proposed technique aims at providing such a tool, with the specific goal of reducing the need of complex parameter settings and letting the system be widely useful for as many situations as possible.
iii. Content-based synchronization of multiple galleries related to the same event.
The large spread of photo cameras makes it quite common that an event is acquired through different devices, conveying different subjects and perspectives of the same happening. Automatic tools are more and more used to support the users in organizing such archives, and it is largely accepted that time information is crucial to this purpose. Unfortunately time-stamps may be affected by erroneous or imprecise setting of the camera clock. The synchronization algorithm presented is the first that uses the content of pictures to estimate the mutual delays among different cameras, thus achieving an a-posteriori synchronization of various photo collections referring to the same event.
17
Costalat-Founeau, Anne Marie. "Identity dynamic, action and context". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100281.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Social identity should not be considered anymore as a fixed and static image that defines individual or collective representations. It is embedded within a representational dynamic where biographical and social phases left their marks. This social imprint is partly made by the experience ingrained in the remembrance that gives all its experiential reality to identity. Action participates and reinforces this concreteness. It seems that the prescriptive nature of action reinforces its presence and therefore its effects. More precisely, these effects, which are inherent to action, possess a central power in the identity dynamic. Action is at the heart of subjectivity in the sense that it connects aspirations, representations, as well as the values of the individual and the sense of his own capacity. It involves the tight interweaving of affective and cognitive factors interacting into dynamic regulations and organizing more or less conflicting identity phases. We present in this article the effects of action on subjectivity.La identidad social no puede ser considerada más como una imagen fijada y estática que determina las representaciones individuales y/o colectivas. Se inserta, más bien, dentro de una dinámica de representaciones que está marcada por fases biográficas y sociales. Esta impresión social está en parte construida por la experiencia personal impresa en los recuerdos, y transfiere una realidad experiencial a la identidad. La acción participa en esta concretización y también la refuerza: es así que el carácter normativo de la acción parece reforzar su propia manifestación y, por lo tanto, su efecto. Esos efectos tienen un poder central en la dinámica de la identidad. La acción se ubica en el centro de la subjetividad, pues pone en relación las aspiraciones, las representaciones y también los valores y el sentimiento de capacidad: la acción favorece una relación estrecha entre los factores afectivos y cognitivos. Esos factores actúan en conjunto elaborando regulaciones dinámicas y organizando fases de identidad más o menos conflictivas. Se presentan los efectos de la acción sobre la subjetividad.
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Codina, Busquet Victor. "Exploiting distributional semantics for content-based and context-aware recommendation". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277574.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the last decade, the use of recommender systems has been increasingly growing to the point that, nowadays, the success of many well-known services depends on these technologies. Recommenders Systems help people to tackle the choice overload problem by effectively presenting new content adapted to the user¿s preferences. However, current recommendation algorithms commonly suffer from data sparsity, which refers to the incapability of producing acceptable recommendations until a minimum amount of users¿ ratings are available for training the prediction models.
This thesis investigates how the distributional semantics of concepts describing the entities of the recommendation space can be exploited to mitigate the data-sparsity problem and improve the prediction accuracy with respect to state-of-the-art recommendation techniques. The fundamental idea behind distributional semantics is that concepts repeatedly co-occurring in the same context or usage tend to be related. In this thesis, we propose and evaluate two novel semantically-enhanced prediction models that address the sparsity-related limitations: (1) a content-based approach, which exploits the distributional semantics of item¿s attributes during item and user-profile matching, and (2) a context-aware recommendation approach that exploits the distributional semantics of contextual conditions during context modeling. We demonstrate in an exhaustive experimental evaluation that the proposed algorithms outperform state-of-the-art ones, especially when data are sparse.
Finally, this thesis presents a recommendation framework, which extends the widespread machine learning library Apache Mahout, including all the proposed and evaluated recommendation algorithms as well as a tool for offline evaluation and meta-parameter optimization. The framework has been developed to allow other researchers to reproduce the described evaluation experiments and make new progress on the Recommender Systems field easierDurant l'última dècada, l'ús dels sistemes de recomanació s'ha vist incrementat fins al punt que, actualment, l'èxit de molts dels serveis web més coneguts depèn en aquesta tecnologia. Els Sistemes de Recomanació ajuden als usuaris a trobar els productes o serveis que més s¿adeqüen als seus interessos i preferències. Una gran limitació dels algoritmes de recomanació actuals és el problema de "data-sparsity", que es refereix a la incapacitat d'aquests sistemes de generar recomanacions precises fins que un cert nombre de votacions d'usuari és disponible per entrenar els models de predicció. Per mitigar aquest problema i millorar així la precisió de predicció de les tècniques de recomanació que conformen l'estat de l'art, en aquesta tesi hem investigat diferents maneres d'aprofitar la semàntica distribucional dels conceptes que descriuen les entitats que conformen l'espai del problema de la recomanació, principalment, els objectes a recomanar i la informació contextual. En la semàntica distribucional s'assumeix la següent hipotesi: conceptes que coincideixen repetidament en el mateix context o ús tendeixen a estar semànticament relacionats. Concretament, en aquesta tesi hem proposat i avaluat dos algoritmes de recomanació que fan ús de la semàntica distribucional per mitigar el problem de "data-sparsity": (1) un model basat en contingut que explota les similituds distribucionals dels atributs que representen els objectes a recomanar durant el càlcul de la correspondència entre els perfils d'usuari i dels objectes; (2) un model de recomanació contextual que fa ús de les similituds distribucionals entre condicions contextuals durant la representació del context. Mitjançant una avaluació experimental exhaustiva dels models de recomanació proposats hem demostrat la seva efectivitat en situacions de falta de dades, confirmant que poden millorar la precisió d'algoritmes que conformen l'estat de l'art. Finalment, aquesta tesi presenta una llibreria pel desenvolupament i avaluació d'algoritmes de recomanació com una extensió de la llibreria de "Machine Learning" Apache Mahout, àmpliament utilitzada en el camp del Machine Learning. La nostra extensió inclou tots els algoritmes de recomanació avaluats en aquesta tesi, així com una eina per facilitar l'avaluació experimental dels algoritmes. Hem desenvolupat aquesta llibreria per facilitar a altres investigadors la reproducció dels experiments realitzats i, per tant, el progrés en el camp dels Sistemes de Recomanació.
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Ramachandran, Ashwin. "Intelligent Context-Sensitive Help for Dynamic User and Environment Contexts". NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10282004-202721/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The problem of providing help for complex application interfaces has been a source of interest for a number of researcher efforts. As the computational power of computers increases, typical applications not only increase in functionality but also in the degree of interaction with the computational environment in which they reside. There are powerful software tools available today used for both specialized and non-specialized tasks that are often used by novice users who attempt tasks without significant training or knowledge of the application?s interface. These kinds of applications are diverse and complicated in the variety of functionality they provide, often interacting with other applications on the user?s system. With current platforms (Windows, Macintosh, Linux etc) providing extensive multi-tasking facilities, interaction with these applications is sometimes affected by the context of the environment itself (e.g., application windows being minimized, maximized or obscured by those of other applications). The interdependencies between applications and their environments increase the difficulty of providing effective context-sensitive help when building an application?s help documentation. The purpose of this research is to create an Intelligent Help System, which incorporates these interactions and affecting factors when providing help. The SmartAidè system, which was developed as part of this effort, works on the premise that the user has a goal when interacting with the application. This document will provide a detailed overview of the architecture of the system along with the underlying design decisions. The system was then evaluated against traditional application help documentation to test its effectiveness. The results and analysis of this evaluation have been enumerated.
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Mauthe, Keith Frederick, e University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "An investigation of the content and context of social intelligence". Thesis, Lethbridge, AB : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 1989, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Subjects' views and conceptions of social intelligence were investigated by having 40 adults, male inmates in an Alberta correctional centre rate the importance of 20 behavioral characteristics representing the domain of social intelligence. Social intelligence was defined as a person's ability to understand others and to act wisely in social situations. The 20 characteristics, derived from an earlier study by Ford and Miura (1983), were rated for each of three common social contexts by having subjects think of the kind of person who would be a close personal friend, a teacher, or a person in a conflict. The following research questions were addressed in the study: a) How do adult, male inmates in an Alberta correctional centre view the construct of social intelligence? b) Do subjects' ratings of the 20 characteristics that describe social intelligence form factors that resemble the clusters identified by subjects rating the same 20 characteristics in a study by Ford and Miura (1983)? c) How do subjects' ratings of social intelligence differ among the three social contexts investigated? d) Is there a common core of social intelligence characteristics that subjects rate as important across all three social contexts? Descriptive statistics revealed that subjects generally rated the 20 characteristics as quite high in importance in all three social contexts. However, the characteristics were rated highest in importance in the context "A teacher", followed by "A close personal friend" and "A person in conflict". Factor analyses revealed that subjects' ratings in the present study shared some similarities in structure with the clusters or categories of characteristics identified by subjects in the earlier study by Ford and Miura (1983). Analyses of variance revealed several significant differences when sujects' ratings of importance of the 20 characteristics and four categories of social intelligence were compared across contexts. In the present study, a common core of four characteristics of social intelligence were ranked highly in importance across all three social contexts. Findings from the present study provide support for the existence of the categories "Prosocial skills" and "Social-instrumental skills" as identified in the study by Ford and Miura (1983). The importance of studying the construct of social intelligence in particular social contexts and particular populations was also demonstrated. Finally, the implications of the findings of the present study are discussed in relation to the planning and delivery of inmate education programs as well as the continuing study of the construct of social intelligence.xii, 82 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Silva, Vivian Teresinha Pedó da. "UML2 context: uma extensão da UML para modelagem de contexto". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4930.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-28T12:29:05Z
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UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
A presente tese descreve e analisa os discursos que constituem os currículos de formação de professores, problematizando o campo da Educação Especial como locus de formação de professor para surdos. Para tanto, analisa sete currículos de cursos de formação de professores, desenvolvidos entre os anos de 1962 e 2009 na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (RS). Utiliza como ferramenta teórico-metodológica o conceito de discurso, inspirada nos estudos foucaultianos em educação. A partir da pesquisa, foi possível constatar três grandes ênfases discursivas nos currículos de formação de professores analisados; são elas: do campo da saúde (início em 1962), da Pedagogia (início em 1973) e da Educação Especial (início em 1984). Em cada ênfase, é possível observar a recorrência de discursos sobre a deficiência e diferença/diversidade. Destaca-se, a partir de 2004, a forte presença dos discursos da diversidade e da inclusão. Conclui-se que os discursos da diversidade, articulados aos da Educação Especial, são condição de possibilidade para a existência da diferença/identidade surda nos cursos de Educação Especial em Santa Maria. Também se conclui que o currículo em vigor iniciado em 2004, comparativamente aos outros currículos, evidencia uma ampliação dos discursos pedagógicos, a diminuição dos discursos das deficiências e a ampliação dos discursos da surdez como diferença. A tese defendida é que os currículos, ao modificarem-se para serem atualizados, contemplam a diversidade e não a diferença surda. Pesquisadores e profissionais da indústria reconhecem a importância do desenvolvimento de sistemas cientes de contexto, visto que tais sistemas cada vez mais fazem parte da vida cotidiana das pessoas. Para projetar, comunicar decisões de projeto e representar os aspectos estruturais e comportamentais destes sistemas, os desenvolvedores comumente utilizam a Linguagem de Modelagem Unificada (UML), a qual é amplamente reconhecida como linguagem padrão de modelagem de software. Porém, dada a crescente diversidade de técnicas de modelagem e a incapacidade da UML em representar os conceitos de sistemas cientes de contexto, é particularmente desafiante para os desenvolvedores objetivamente projetar e comunicar decisões de projetos de tais sistemas. Consequentemente, os desenvolvedores geralmente não dispõem de ferramentas que facilitem a representação de contexto de uma forma adequada, ao passo que propõem notações para contornar o problema, agravando ainda mais o problema da heterogeneidade das técnicas de modelagem atuais. O problema central é que a UML é imprecisa para representar o conceito de contexto e rígida para incorporar novos conceitos. Outro problema é que as ferramentas acadêmicas e comerciais de modelagem atuais - incluindo IBM RSA, Astah, Borland Together - não dão suporte à representação e à validação de modelos de contexto. Este trabalho, portanto, propõe uma extensão da UML para modelagem de contexto, a qual visa não só permitir a representação e validação dos principais aspectos de contexto, como também potencializar uma melhor comunicação de decisões de projeto de sistemas cientes de contexto. Também é proposto um ambiente de modelagem específico de domínio para tornar possível a modelagem de sistemas cientes de contexto, o qual foi implementado como um plugin da plataforma Eclipse utilizando os frameworks GMF, EMF e UML2tool. Este ambiente permite não só representar o conceito de contexto seguindo a abordagem proposta, bem como avaliar a corretude dos modelos criados. A extensão e a ferramenta proposta foram avaliadas através de um questionário abordando a modelagem proposta comparada com modelagens que utilizam a UML pura. Essa avaliação permitiu determinar os reais benefícios do trabalho desenvolvido e onde os resultados sugerem que a modularização das informações de contexto em um novo conceito chamado de UML2Context traz benefícios, quando comparada com a decomposição de tais informações com a UML Pura. Os resultados apontaram que a UML2Context aumentou a taxa de respostas corretas em 28,41%, reduziu o esforço de interpretação em 61,03% e melhorou a interpretação dos modelos de contexto em 35,98%, se mostrando eficaz para modelagem de sistemas ubíquos.
Researchers and industry professionals recognize the importance of developing context-aware systems, as these systems increasingly are part of everyday life of people. To design, communicate design decisions and represent the structural and behavioral aspects of these systems, developers commonly use the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which is widely recognized as the standard language of software modeling. However, given the increasing diversity of modeling techniques and UML's inability to represent the concepts of context-aware systems, is particularly challenging for developers to design and objectively communicate design decisions of such systems. Usually developers don’t have the tools to facilitate the representation of context in an appropriate manner, whereas propose notations to solve the problem, further aggravating the problem of heterogeneity of current modeling techniques. The main problem is that UML is inaccurate to represent the concept of context and rigid to incorporate new concepts. Another problem is that academic and commercial tools of current modeling - including IBM RSA, Astah, Borland Together - do not support the representation and validation of context models. This paper therefore proposes an extension of UML for modeling context, which aims not only to allow the representation and validation of the key aspects of context, but also enhance communication of project decision of context aware systems. It also proposes a domain specific modeling environment that enable the modeling of context-aware systems, which was implemented as an Eclipse platform plugin using the GMF frameworks, EMF and UML2tool. This environment will not only represent the concept of context following the proposed approach and to evaluate the correctness of the models. The extent and the proposed tool was evaluated through a questionnaire addressing the proposed model compared with modelings that using the standard UML. This avaliation allowed us to evaluate the real benefits of work and where the results suggest that the modularization of context information in a new concept called UML2Context brings benefits compared with the decomposition of such information with the pure UML. The results link that UML2Context increased the rate of correct answers in 28.41%, reduced the effort of interpretation in 61,03% and improved the interpretation of context models in 35.98%, proving effective for modeling ubiquitous systems.
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Ognenoski, Ognen. "Content-aware and context-aware adaptive video streaming over HTTP". Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/37874/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Adaptive HTTP video streaming techniques are rapidly becoming the main method for video delivery over the Internet. From a conceptual viewpoint, adaptive HTTP video streaming systems enable adaptation of the video quality according to network conditions (link-awareness), content characteristics (content-awareness), user preferences (user-awareness) or device capabilities (device awareness). Proprietary adaptive HTTP video streaming platforms from Apple, Adobe and Microsoft preceded the completion of a standard for adaptive HTTP video streaming, i.e., the MPEG-DASH standard. The dissertation presents modeling approaches, experiments, simulations and subjective tests tightly related to adaptive HTTP video streaming with particular emphasis on the MPEG-DASH standard. Different case studies are investigated through novel models based on analytical and simulation approaches. In particular, adaptive HTTP video streaming over Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, over cloud infrastructure, and streaming of medical videos are investigated and the relevant benefits and drawbacks of using adaptive HTTP video streaming for these cases are highlighted. Further, mathematical tools and concepts are used to acquire quantifiable knowledge related to the HTTP/TCP communication protocol stack and to investigate dependencies between adaptive HTTP video streaming parameters and the underlying Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE). Additionally, a novel method and model for QoE assessment are proposed, derived in a specific experimental setup. A more general setup is then considered and a QoE metric is derived. The QoE metric expresses the users' quality for adaptive HTTP video streaming by taking into consideration rebuffering, video quality and content-related parameters. In the end, a novel analytical model that captures the user's perception of quality via the experienced delay during streaming navigation is derived. The contributions in this dissertation and the relevant conclusions are obtained by simulations, experimental demo setups, subjective tests and analytical modeling.
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Sterken, Rachel. "Generics in context : generalisation, context and communication". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6606.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis consists of four chapters and an introduction. The first chapter is concerned with cases of purported genericity which are true despite only a minority of the kind in question satisfying the predicated property and whose predicated property is somehow striking. I argue that such cases are pathological, and hence shouldn't be used as evidence for claims about the nature of genericity or the semantics of generics. In particular, these cases pose no difficulty for theorists who want to solve the problem of variability (the main obstacle in providing an adequate theory of generics), at least in part, by appeal to the linguistic property of quantifiers known as (contextual) domain restriction. The second chapter is devoted to defending a quantificational analysis of generics in which the logical form of generics contains an unpronounced quantifier expression Gen. The chapter defends the original argument of Carlson (1989), the multiple readings argument, which has recently come under scrutiny. In addition, it provides a novel argument in favour or Gen. This chapter also responds to various objections to the quantificational analysis, in particular to the linguistic evidence offered in favour of the kind-predication analysis. The third chapter defends the positive view that the unpronounced quantifier expression Gen is an indexical. The chapter argues that a given generic sentence expresses different generalisations in different contexts of utterance. A semantics for generics which treats Gen as an indexical A-quantifier is given. The indexical approach advocated has many virtues which are outlined in the chapter. Objections to the view are also addressed. The fourth chapter discusses two further classes of generics -existential generics and indexical singular generics. Diagnoses of the issues arising from these classes of data is given, and their relation to the positive view developed in the third chapter is outlined.
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Vielitz, Felipe Lauermann. "CMFrame : framework para o gerenciamento de históricos de contextos dinâmicos e hierárquicos". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-07-06T16:23:30Z
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Com o crescimento da disponibilidade de dispositivos capazes de captar informações em seu entorno e da expansão da conectividade em dispositivos móveis, soluções relacionadas à Internet das coisas (IoT) estão passando a integrar cada vez mais aspectos da sociedade. Para que soluções de IoT possam emergir no mercado com sucesso, se torna necessário mais do que o tradicional uso da computação móvel dos smartphones e portáteis, passando a utilizar os objetos do dia-a-dia de uma forma interligada e adicionando fatores de inteligência aos ambientes. A busca pela criação de ambientes capazes de proatividade irá refinar as experiências da população tanto em questões vinculadas ao trabalho quanto ao lazer, propiciando objetos com características inteligentes que se adaptam a situação atual sem a necessidade de intervenção humana. De forma a prover essa adaptação ou resposta as situações em seu entorno, torna-se necessário que os ambientes estejam cientes de sua circunstância em dado momento, para tanto, propõe-se o desenvolvimento do CMFrame, um framework para o gerenciamento de informações de contexto captadas em um ambiente físico, na forma de histórico, através do uso de entidades hierárquicas e dinâmicas. A partir desse conceito, as entidades podem modificar sua organização hierárquica para assim redefinir a quem um determinado contexto está atrelado naquele instante. Os contextos atrelados a cada entidade também são dinâmicos, e podem armazenar diferentes quantidades de valores a qualquer instante, variando indefinidamente conforme a necessidade. O framework foi avaliado através do desenvolvimento de duas aplicações, em que foram averiguadas as características oferecidas pelo CMFrame quanto ao uso de suas entidades hierárquicas e dinâmicas. Os resultados dessa avaliação mostram que o framework atende as necessidades como um gerenciador de históricos de contextos, para situações que utilizem ambientes físicos com elementos inteligentes e aplicações que fazem a gerência do ambiente através da atuação sobre os mesmos.
With the increasing availability of devices capable of capturing information about their surroundings and the expansion of connectivity in mobile devices, Internet of Things solutions have come to integrate more and more aspects of society. In order for IoT solutions to emerge successfully in the market, it becomes necessary to employ more than the traditional mobile computing from smartphones and portables, instead making use of day-to-day objects in an interconnected way and adding intelligence to environments. The search for environments capable of proactivity will empower the experiences of the population both in matters related to work as those of leisure, providing objects with intelligent characteristics that adapt to the current situation without the need for human intervention With the intention of providing this adaptation or response to their surroundings, it becomes necessary that the environments be aware of their circumstance at any given moment, for this purpose, the development of CMFrame is proposed, a framework for managing context information captured in a physical environment, in the form of a history, through the use of hierarchical and dynamic entities. From this concept, entities can modify their hierarchical organization to redefine to whom a certain context is linked at that moment. The contexts attached to each entity are also dynamic and can store different amounts of values at any given time, varying indefinitely as the need arises. The framework was evaluated through the development of two applications, in which the characteristics offered by CMFrame regarding the use of their hierarchical and dynamic entities were investigated. The results of this evaluation show that the framework serves the needs as a context history manager, for situations that use physical environments with intelligent elements and applications that manage the environment by acting on them.
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Ng, E.-Ching. "The Phonology of Contact| Creole sound change in context". Thesis, Yale University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3663654.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation identifies three previously unexplained typological asymmetries between creoles, other types of language contact, and `normal' sound change. (1) The merger gap deals with phoneme loss. French /y/ merges with /i/ in all creoles worldwide, whereas merger with /u/ is also well-attested in other forms of language contact. The rarity of /u/ reflexes in French creoles is unexplained, especially because they are well attested in French varieties spoken in West Africa. (2) The assimilation gap focuses on stress-conditioned vowel assimilation. In creoles the quality of the stressed vowel often spreads to unstressed vowels, e.g. English potato > Krio /&rgr;ϵ&rgr;&tgr;ϵ&tgr;ϵ/. Strikingly, we do not find the opposite in creoles, but it is well attested among non-creoles, e.g. German umlaut and Romance metaphony. (3) The epenthesis gap is about repairs of word-final consonants.These are often preserved in language contact by means of vowel insertion (epenthesis), e.g. English big > Sranan bigi, but in normal language transmission this sound change is said not to occur in word-final position.
These case studies make it possible to test various theories of sound change on new data, by relating language contact outcomes to the phonetics of non-native perception and L2 speech production. I also explore the implications of social interactions and historical developments unique to creolisation, with comparisons to other language contact situations.
Based on the typological gaps identified here, I propose that sociohistorical context, e.g. age of learner or nature of input, is critical in determining linguistic outcomes. Like phonetic variation, it can be biased in ways which produce asymmetries in sound change. Specifically, in language contact dominated by adult second language acquisition, we find transmission biases towards phonological rather than perceptual matching, overcompensation for perceptual weakness, and overgeneralisation of phrase-final prominence.
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Johnson, Bryan R. "The Context of Contact: White Attitudes Toward Interracial Marriage". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd505.pdf.
Testo completo
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Lopes, Pedro Jorge Marques. "Criminalidade económico financeira: corrupção, contexto social vs contexto legal". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8767.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em CriminologiaPretende-se, com a realização deste projeto, abordar o fenómeno da corrupção, explorando algumas das suas múltiplas facetas, focando essencialmente os dados e a informação relativa ao nosso país. Conscientes que estamos perante um fenómeno complexo e abrangente, transversal a todas as classes sociais, consideramos importante saber que opinião têm os portugueses sobre este flagelo. Procedeu-se à análise de vasta literatura sobre a temática em escrutínio, procurando-se sempre estabelecer as necessárias ligações entre o conceito social e o conceito legal, que neste trabalho se autonomizaram, para efeitos de estudo, mas que são, na prática, indissociáveis. Estabeleceu-se, como meta deste estudo, tentar descobrir novas ferramentas de combate à corrupção ou, pelo menos, melhorar o uso das ferramentas já existentes, contribuindo para o seu aperfeiçoamento, tentando, através da informação recolhida, providenciar formas de uso para conseguir uma maior eficácia no combate a este fenómeno.
The aim of this project is to address the phenomenon of corruption, exploring some of its multiple facets, focusing essentially on data and information related to our country. Conscious that we are facing a complex and embracing phenomenon, transversal to all social classes, we consider it important to know what opinion the Portuguese have about this scourge. An analysis of the vast literature on the subject under scrutiny was carried out, always seeking to establish the necessary links between the social concept and the legal concept, which in this paper became autonomous, for the purposes of study, but are, in practice, inseparable. The aim of this study is to try to discover new tools to fight corruption or, at least, to improve the use of existing tools, contributing to their improvement, trying, through the information collected, to provide ways of using them to achieve a greater effectiveness in combating this phenomenon.
N/A
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Ratprasartporn, Nattakarn. "CONTEXT-BASED PUBLICATION SEARCH PARADIGM IN LITERATURE DIGITAL LIBRARIES". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1193158452.
Testo completo
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Chen, Yu-Han Tiffany. "Ada : context-sensitive context-sensing on mobile devices". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82377.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-72).
This thesis describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of Ada, a context-sensing service for mobile devices. Ada explores new points in the accuracy-energy-responsiveness design space for mobile context sensing. The service exports an API that allows a client to express interest in one or more context types (mode-of-movement, indoor/outdoor, and entry/exit to/from named regions), and subscribe to specific modes within each context (e.g., "walking" or "running", but not any other movement mode). Each context type in Ada can be in one of a set of mutually exclusive states. Each context has a detector that returns its estimate of the mode. To achieve high accuracy and low energy consumption, the detectors take both the existing context and the desired subscriptions into account, adjusting both the types of sensors and the sampling rates. To accurately determine the movement mode, Ada uses a new peak frequency feature from acceleration magnitudes, combining it with two other features. We present results from trace-driven experiments over carefully labeled data from real users, finding that our mode-of-movement detector achieves an accuracy of 93%, out-performing previous proposals like UCLA (55%), EEMSS (83%) and SociableSense (72%), while consuming between 2 and 3x less energy.
by Yu-Han Chen.
S.M.
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Sun, Tao. "Product Context Analysis with Twitter Data". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13526.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Context. For the product manager, the product context analysis, which aims to align their products to the market needs, is very important. By understanding the market needs, the product manager knows the product context information about the environment the products conceived and the business the products take place. The product context analysis using the product context information helps the product manager find the accurate position of his/her products and support the decision-making of the products. The product context information generally could be found in the user feedbacks. And the traditional techniques of acquiring the user feedbacks can be replaced by collecting the existed online user feedbacks with a cheaper cost. Therefore, researchers did studies on the online user feedbacks and the results showed those user feedbacks contain the product context information. Therefore, in this study, I tried to elicit the product context information from the user feedbacks posted on Twitter. Objectives. Objectives of this study are 1. I investigated what kinds of Apps can be used to collect more related Tweets, and 2. I investigated what kinds of product context information can be elicited from the collected Tweets. Methods. To achieve the first objective, I designed unified criteria for selecting Apps and collecting App-related Tweets, and then conduct the statistical analysis to find out what is/are the factor(s) affect (s) the Tweets collection. To achieve the second objective, I conducted the directed content analysis on the collected Tweets with an indicator for identifying the product context information, and then make a descriptive statistical analysis of the elicited product context information. Results. I found the top-ranked Apps or Apps in few themes like “Health and Fitness” and “Games” have more and fresher App-related Tweets. And from my collected Tweets, I can elicit at least 15 types of product context information, the types include “user experience”, “use case”, “partner”, “competitor”, “platforms” and so on. Conclusions. This is an exploratory study of eliciting product context information from the Tweets. It presented the method of collecting the App-related Tweets and eliciting product context information from the collected Tweets. It showed what kinds of App are suitable to do so and what types of product context information can be elicited from the Tweets. This study let us be aware of that the Tweets can be used for the product context analysis, and let us know the appropriate condition to use the Tweets for the product context analysis.
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Cohen, Leonora M. "Adaptation and creativity in cultural context". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99985.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Adaptation is the fit between the individual and the environment. The dynamic interplay between person, culture, and environment is one of the most important issues in analyzing creativity. Adaptation is defined as the fit or adjustment of the individual to external conditions, but adaptation can also mean moving from one environment to another more suitable, or even forcing the environment to adapt in response to creative efforts. Culture impacts creativity in limiting acceptable boundaries, yet providing the artifacts used in creating. Culture is impacted and changed by creative efforts. Tight conformity to confining environments or cultures can stifle. The creator must be aware of cultural values and not overstep these boundaries for work to be accepted. A developmental continuum of adaptive, creative behaviors suggests a shift from individual adaptation to the environment to adaptation by the world to the individual.Adaptación y creatividad en el contexto cultural La adaptación es la integración entre el individuo y su entorno. El interjuego dinámico entre la persona, la cultura y el entorno es uno de los temas más importantes en el análisis de la creatividad. La adaptación es definida como la integración o el ajuste del individuo a las condiciones externas, pero adaptación también puede significar moverse de un entorno hacia otro más adecuado o, incluso, forzar el entorno para adaptarse en respuesta a los esfuerzos creativos. La cultura impacta la creatividad al limitar las fronteras aceptadas, brindando los artefactos usados en la creación. La cultura es impactada y cambiada por los esfuerzos creativos. La conformidad ajustada a los límites de los entornos o de las culturas puede resultar asfixiante. El creador debe estar alerta a los valores culturales y no sobrepasar estas barreras para que su trabajo sea aceptado. Un desarrollo continuo de conductas adaptativas y creativas sugiere un desplazamiento de la adaptación individual hacia el entorno, hacia la adaptación del mundo para con el individuo.
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Kocurova, Anna. "Distributed collaborative context-aware content-centric workflow management for mobile devices". Thesis, University of West London, 2013. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/745/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ubiquitous mobile devices have become a necessity in today’s society, opening new opportunities for interaction and collaboration between geographically distributed people. With the increased use of mobile phones, people can collaborate while on the move. Collaborators expect technologies that would enhance their teamwork and respond to their individual needs. Workflow is a widely used technology that supports collaboration and can be adapted for a variety of collaborative scenarios. Although the originally computer-based workflow technology has expanded also on mobile devices, there are still research challenges in the development of user-focused device-oriented collaborative workflows. As opposed to desktop computers, mobile devices provide a different, more personalised user experience and are carried by their owners everywhere. Mobile devices can capture user context and behave as digitalised user complements. By integrating context awareness into the workflow technology, workflow decisions can be based on local, context information and therefore, be more adapted to individual collaborators’ circumstances and expectations. Knowing the current context of collaborators and their mobile devices is useful, especially in mobile peer-topeer collaboration where the workflow process execution can be driven by devices according to the situation. In mobile collaboration, team workers share pictures, videos, or other content. Monitoring and exchanging the information on the current state of the content processed on devices can enhance the overall workflow execution. As mobile devices in peer-to-peer collaboration are not aware of a global workflow state, the content state information can be used to communicate progress among collaborators. However, there is still a lack of integrating content lifecycles in process-oriented workflows. The aim of this research was therefore to investigate how workflow technology can be adapted for mobile peer-to-peer collaboration, in particular, how the level of context awareness in mobile collaborative workflows can be increased and how the extra content lifecycle management support can be integrated. The collaborative workflow technology has been adapted for mobile peerto- peer collaboration by integrating context and content awareness. In the first place, a workflow-specific context management approach has been developed that allows defining workflow-specific context models and supports the integration of context models with collaborative workflows. Workflow process has been adapted to make decisions based on context information. Secondly, extra content management support has been added to the workflow technology. A representation for content lifecycles has been designed, and content lifecycles have been integrated with the workflow process. In this thesis, the MobWEL workflow approach is introduced. The Mob- WEL workflow approach allows defining, managing and executing mobile context-aware content-centric workflows. MobWEL is a workflow execution language that extends BPEL, using constructs from existing workflow approaches, Context4BPEL and BPELlight, and adopting elements from the BALSA workflow model. The MobWEL workflow management approach is a technology-based solution that has been designed to provide workflow management support to a specific class of mobile applications.
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Braver, Seth Philip. "Lobachevski illuminated content, methods, and context of The theory of parallels /". CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-07122007-110855/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Montana, 2007.Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed July 19, 2007. Includes German text: Geometrische Untersuchungen zur Theorie der Parallellinien / von Nicolaus Lobatschewsky. Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-282).
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Ku, Sung Mo. "The Influence of Content and Context Motivation on Advertisement Effectiveness Online". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1177.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research proposal provides literature review regarding context motivation and its influence on advertisement effectiveness. I propose two quasi-experiments using motivation as an independent variable while measuring memory for the advertisement in order to predict advertisement effectiveness. The first experiment solely investigates the role of program motivation on advertisement memory. The secondary experiment proposed an investigation looking into the interaction between program motivation and advertisement motivation. Based on previous literature on advertisements, persuasion, and motivation, I hypothesized that high program motivation may impair memory for the advertisements. For Experiment 2, I hypothesized that both independent variables regarding content and context motivation will interact to show different results than Experiment 1, in which only the context motivation is measured. This paper aims to provide an effective marketing strategy in a relatively new yet potent advertising market in OTV (online television).
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Jones, Christopher Richard. "Context, content and cooperation : an ethnographic study of collaborative learning online". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267538.
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Gill, Miriam Clare. "Late medieval wall painting in England : content and context (c1330-c1530)". Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246809.
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Daniyal, Fahad M. "Automated camera ranking and selection using video content and scene context". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2416.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When observing a scene with multiple cameras, an important problem to solve is to automatically identify “what camera feed should be shown and when?” The answer to this question is of interest for a number of applications and scenarios ranging from sports to surveillance. In this thesis we present a framework for the ranking of each video frame and camera across time and the camera network, respectively. This ranking is then used for automated video production. In the first stage information from each camera view and from the objects in it is extracted and represented in a way that allows for object- and frame-ranking. First objects are detected and ranked within and across camera views. This ranking takes into account both visible and contextual information related to the object. Then content ranking is performed based on the objects in the view and camera-network level information. We propose two novel techniques for content ranking namely: Routing Based Ranking (RBR) and Multivariate Gaussian based Ranking (MVG). In RBR we use a rule based framework where weighted fusion of object and frame level information takes place while in MVG the rank is estimated as a multivariate Gaussian distribution. Through experimental and subjective validation we demonstrate that the proposed content ranking strategies allows the identification of the best-camera at each time. The second part of the thesis focuses on the automatic generation of N-to-1 videos based on the ranked content. We demonstrate that in such production settings it is undesirable to have frequent inter-camera switching. Thus motivating the need for a compromise, between selecting the best camera most of the time and minimising the frequent inter-camera switching, we demonstrate that state-of-the-art techniques for this task are inadequate and fail in dynamic scenes. We propose three novel methods for automated camera selection. The first method (¡go f ) performs a joint optimization of a cost function that depends on both the view quality and inter-camera switching so that a i Abstract ii pleasing best-view video sequence can be composed. The other two methods (¡dbn and ¡util) include the selection decision into the ranking-strategy. In ¡dbn we model the best-camera selection as a state sequence via Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) designed as a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN), which encodes the contextual knowledge about the camera network and employs the past information to minimize the inter camera switches. In comparison ¡util utilizes the past as well as the future information in a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) where the camera-selection at a certain time is influenced by the past information and its repercussions in the future. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated on multiple real and synthetic multi-camera setups. We compare the proposed architectures with various baseline methods with encouraging results. The performance of the proposed approaches is also validated through extensive subjective testing.
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Calandrelli, Emily Dawn. "An evaluation of short innovation contest implementation in the federal context". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82503.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2013.This thesis was scanned as part of an electronic thesis pilot project.
Title as it appears in MIT Commencement Exercises program, June 2013: Analysis of short Innovation contests as a strategy for technology procurement in government. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-88).
Technologies over the past three decades have democratized the tools of knowledge creation, thus creating increasing communities of innovators outside traditional organizations' boundaries. Cost effective ways of leveraging these innovative crowds can be imperative to creating and maintaining value. One specific way for organizations to tap into this diverse audience is through the use of short innovation contests. The purpose of this thesis is to better understand the application of this strategy as a tool for technology procurement in the context of government. Through a contest, participants approach a well-defined challenge independently, conducting different experiments to find a solution. The combination of these various "trials" leads to an increased probability for a government agency to find one particularly good, extreme-value solution. Contests can also allow government agencies to engage individuals who are normally unable or unwilling to compete in traditional government contracts, thus alleviating certain imperfections in the competitive market of government contracting. This open design strategy for procurement is fundamentally different than traditional procurement methods. For this reason, there is inherent uncertainty in the organizational implications contest implementation will have in government agencies which has made program managers hesitant to employ this strategy in their programs. This thesis sheds light on the cost structure, program management implications, and policy considerations for short innovation contests. An empirical analysis is presented for four short innovation contests used for technology procurement in different government agencies. For each case study, the cost of the contest was compared to traditional procurement and key program management considerations were identified. Additionally, recent policy initiatives passed for prize-based contests were analyzed for their applicability to short innovation contests. It was found that three of the four contests procured technology solutions for estimated costs of less than half that of traditional procurement methods. It was also found that recent contest policy initiatives were unsuitable for short innovation contests. This thesis provides recommendations for policies appropriate for short innovation contests and considerations that must be made to expand the use of this strategy as a tool for technology procurement in government agencies.
by Emily Dawn Calandrelli.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
S.M.
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Moriarty, Nicholas. "Finding context". This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2010. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
Testo completo
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Wang, Chia-Hao. "Context Awareness". Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & Möbeldesign, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5870.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
From anti-modernism to the movement of regaining identity, in one way or another, we are all somehow looking for ways to find the harmony in this world. Respecting nature, be aware of the environment and co-exist with it, is worth further investigation. That is why I chose to examine the relationship of context and interior, with the help of natural light.
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Houyou, Amine Mohamed. "Context-aware mobility : a distributed approach to context management /". kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-passau/volltexte/2010/1797/.
Testo completo
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Sama, M. "Context-driven methodologies for context-aware and adaptive systems". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1322993/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Applications which are both context-aware and adapting, enhance users’ experience by anticipating their need in relation with their environment and adapt their behavior according to environmental changes. Being by definition both context-aware and adaptive these applications suffer both from faults related to their context-awareness and to their adaptive nature plus from a novel variety of faults originated by the combination of the two. This research work analyzes, classifies, detects, and reports faults belonging to this novel class aiming to improve the robustness of these Context-Aware Adaptive Applications (CAAAs). To better understand the peculiar dynamics driving the CAAAs adaptation mechanism a general high-level architectural model has been designed. This architectural model clearly depicts the stream of information coming from sensors and being computed all the way to the adaptation mechanism. The model identifies a stack of common components representing increasing abstractions of the context and their general interconnections. Known faults involving context data can be re-examined according to this architecture and can be classified in terms of the component in which they are happening and in terms of their abstraction from the environment. Resulting from this classification is a CAAA-oriented fault taxonomy. Our architectural model also underlines that there is a common evolutionary path for CAAAs and shows the importance of the adaptation logic. Indeed most of the adaptation failures are caused by invalid interpretations of the context by the adaptation logic. To prevent such faults we defined a model, the Adaptation Finite-State Machine (A-FSM), describing how the application adapts in response to changes in the context. The A-FSM model is a powerful instrument which allows developers to focus in those context-aware and adaptive aspects in which faults reside. In this model we have identified a set of patterns of faults representing the most common faults in this application domain. Such faults are represented as violation of given properties in the A-FSM. We have created four techniques to detect such faults. Our proposed algorithms are based on three different technologies: enumerative, symbolic and goal planning. Such techniques compensate each other. We have evaluated them by comparing them to each other using both crafted models and models extracted from existing commercial and free applications. In the evaluation we observe the validity, the readability of the reported faults, the scalability and their behavior in limited memory environments. We conclude this Thesis by suggesting possible extensions.
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Marques, Filipe Henriques Bicha. "Projectar com o lugar, proposta de intervenção para a quinta dos alfinetes". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3455.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tese de Mestrado em ArquitecturaA presente dissertação procura registar uma reflexão de apoio teórico acerca do lugar de intervenção, a Quinta dos Alfinetes, de modo a fundamentar uma proposta de Projecto alternativa à de Oscar Niemeyer para a sede da Fundação Luso-Brasileira neste lugar. A reflexão inicia-se com uma aproximação ao conceito de lugar e da importância deste, numa perspectiva pública para a conservação da memória colectiva. De seguida, discorreremos acerca do problema da acção de reabilitação dos lugares na actualidade, focando: o perigo de fundamentações não adequadas, a dualidade entre cultura local e cultura universal, a imprescindibilidade de um processo de leitura, a questão da cópia de estilos antigos e os problemas que surgem durante a intervenção propriamente dita e que devem merecer a atenção do arquitecto. Posto isto, será abordado o tema da quinta de recreio num enquadramento histórico e enumeração dos seus principais elementos programáticos, em especial os arranjos exteriores, programa que mais caracterizava a quinta de recreio. Num segundo capítulo estuda-se a Quinta dos Alfinetes propriamente dita e, aqui, aproximamo-nos da área de intervenção, recuando no tempo tanto quanto possível, na tentativa de lhe entender a original relação com o território, da casa com a propriedade e sua configuração geométrica. De seguida faremos, um reconhecimento das actuais condições em que se encontra o recinto da Quinta dos Alfinetes, uma apreciação crítica à proposta de Oscar Niemeyer e enumeraremos os recursos compositivos fundamentais à nossa proposta de projecto. Por fim estabeleceremos as características fundamentais da Quinta dos Alfinetes que pretendemos manter e explicitaremos, de que forma os recursos compositivos anteriormente enumerados, se aplicam á proposta por nós apresentada.
The present thesis has the purpose of exhibiting a theoretical support reflection on the intervention spot, the Quinta dos Alfinetes, in order to validate an alternative proposal to the one by Oscar Niemyer for the Fundação Luso-Brasileira (Portuguese-Brasilian Foundation)’s facilities, on the same spot. This reflection starts with an approach to the concept of place and its importance, as seen from a public perspective on the conservation of the collective memory. We shall thereafter reason out the issue of current spot rehabilitation, focusing on: hazardous inadequate grounds, duality between local and universal culture, an indispensable reading process, the issue of old style building reproduction, as well as the during-intervention occurring problems, which are to be seen to by the architect. This said, the recreation farm subject will be approached within a historical perspective and its main programmatic elements will be enumerated, special attention being given to outer settings, the programme which used to characterise the recreation farm best. This chapter is an introduction to the following one, about the Quinta dos Alfinetes itself and at that point we address ourselves to the intervention area by receding in time as far back as possible, attempting to understand Quinta dos Alfinetes’ original relationship with the territory, and the one between the house itself and its premises, as well as the geometric configuration of the house. Eventually, we will acknowledge the present condition of the Quinta dos Alfinetes enclosure, also explaining the relationship between the Quinta and the Portuguese-Brazilian Foundation. We will also draw a critical appreciation of Oscar Niemyer’s proposal. The fundamental composition resources in our proposal for the Quinta dos Alfinetes spot will as well be enumerated.
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Johansson, Sevä Ingemar. "Welfare state attitudes in context : local contexts and attitude formation in Sweden". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-21046.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Welfare state attitudes are often studied from the perspective of the individual's characteristics and/or national or regime-type contexts. This thesis instead seeks explanations for individuals' varying attitudes towards the welfare state at the level of local contexts (municipalities). Sweden is used as a case for testing whether there are such contextual effects. The general aim is to find out whether social, political, and institutional aspects of local context influence the attitudes of individuals. Since the general aim of this thesis is to examine how background characteristics of individuals and characteristics of local contexts simultaneously act in shaping individuals' attitudes, I use multilevel modelling in order to handle individual-level and contextual-level data simultaneously. Latent-class analysis (LCA) is also employed in the analyses to explore the patterning of variables. This is mainly done in order to create dependent variables and to distinguish between categories of municipalities sharing similar characteristics. The data consist of Swedish survey data, which have been complemented by municipal-level data. The findings indicate that the social and political context of municipalities can matter for individuals' attitude formation. Variation across municipalities in terms of the prevalence of social problems and risks seems to influence how individuals view the welfare state. Local municipal contexts characterized by many social problems and risks tend to be associated with more welfare state friendly attitudes among the local inhabitants, after taking individual-level determinants into account. Support for high social spending is greater in such milieus as is the tendency to view welfare beneficiaries with less suspicion regarding the potential abuse of welfare policies. Regarding the influence of local public service provision on attitudes, no evidence was found for feedback effects on individuals' attitudes toward public service privatization. In their attitudes towards the welfare state, individuals are to some extent influenced by their local environment. There seems to be a 'built in' thermostat in the Swedish welfare state. Local circumstances characterized by social problems and risks tend to be associated with a local citizenry having more welfare state-friendly attitudes.
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McNeely, Heather. "Remembering emotional words, the influence of content and context in memory attribution". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/NQ44772.pdf.
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Dry, Simon. "Schemas and the role of realistic content and context in deductive reasoning /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsd798.pdf.
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Bierig, Ralf. "Event and map content personalisation in a mobile and context-aware environment". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/484.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Effective methods for information access are of the greatest importance for our modern lives – particularly with respect to handheld devices. Personalisation is one such method which models a user’s characteristics to deliver content more focused to the user’s needs. The emerging area of sophisticated mobile computing devices has started to inspire new forms of personalised systems that include aspects of the person’s contextual environment. This thesis seeks to understand the role of personalisation and context, to evaluate the effectiveness of context for content personalisation and to investigate the event and map content domain for mobile usage. The work presented in this thesis has three parts: The first part is a user experiment on context that investigated the contextual attributes of time, location and interest, with respect to participants’ perception of their usefulness. Results show highly dynamic and interconnected effects of context on participants’ usefulness ratings. In the second part, these results were applied to create a predictive model of context that was related to attribution theory and then combined with an information retrieval score to create a weighted personalisation model. In the third part of this work, the personalisation model was applied in a mobile experiment. Participants solved situational search tasks using a (i) non-personalized and a (ii) personalized mobile information system, and rating entertainment events based on usefulness. Results showed that the personalised system delivered about 20% more useful content to the mobile user than the non-personalised system, with some indication for reduced search effort in terms of time and the amount of queries per task. The work presented provides evidence for the promising potential of context to facilitate personalised information delivery to users of mobile devices. Overall, it serves as an example of an investigation into the effectiveness of context from multiple angles and provides a potential link to some of the aspects of psychology as a potential source for a deeper understanding of contextual processes in humans.
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Ng, Victor. "Content enrichment for mobile context aware imaging applications with a social aspect". Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121246.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With technological advancements in data collection techniques allowing increasing amounts of contextual metadata to be appended to everyday image files, it has become a daunting task to effectively display such supplemental data alongside original image content without overloading users with information. I propose a unique approach to actively display geo-tagged image content that embeds the images in a navigable 3D environment in a way that makes explicit the geographical context and spatiotemporal relationships between the images. This approach enhances the viewer's comprehension of the image's context and content thus supporting my hypothesis that context extracted from metadata can enhance image content absorption rather than hinder it. The 3D environment is built by mapping Google Street View images onto a spherical tessellation within which user image content is overlaid. The proposed geographical browser and social-networking system is implemented on an iPad, using the iPad's built-in compass, gyroscopes, and accelerometers to provide real-time gesture control and spatial orientation. User studies were performed on the proposed system as well as on a standard social-networking application for comparison purposes. The results were used to evaluate the relative performance of the system in enabling users to absorb and comprehend image information. Test subject were found to consistently answer questions more accurately on images viewed on the proposed system as compared to the images viewed on a typical social-networking application.Les avancées technologiques dans les techniques de collection de données augmentant la quantité de méta données contextuelles à associer aux images de tous les jours, afficher ces données supplémentaires de manière effective avec l'image originale est devenu une tâche ardue. Je propose une approche unique permettant d'afficher de manière active du contenu géo taggué qui renferme des images dans un environnement 3D navigable d'une manière qui rend explicite le contexte géographique et la relation spatiotemporelle entre les images. Cette approche augmente la compréhension du contexte et du contenu de l'image par l'observateur, supportant ainsi ma thèse selon laquelle le contexte extrait des métadonnées peut améliorer l'absorption du contenu de l'image plutôt que de le cacher. L'environnement 3D est construit en cartographiant des images de Google Street View dans une tessellation sphérique sur laquelle le contenu de l'image est superposé. Le navigateur géographique et outil de réseau social proposé est implémenté sur un iPad, utilisant la boussole intégrée à l'iPad, ses gyroscopes et accéléromètres pour fournir en temps-réel des contrôles par gestes et orientation spatiale. Des études utilisateurs ont été effectuées sur le système proposé, de même que sur une application de réseau social standard à fin de comparaisons. Les résultats ont été utilisés afin d'évaluer la performance relative du système à permettre aux utilisateurs d'absorber et comprendre l'information de l'image. Les sujets de test ont donné de manière consistante des réponses plus précise aux questions répondues sur des images observées sur le nouveau système comparé aux images observées sur une application typique de réseau social.
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D’Avila, Leandro Ferreira. "SW-Context : um modelo para software analytics baseado em sensibilidade ao contexto". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6285.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares
Diariamente, desenvolvedores de software precisam se envolver com atividades de manutenção para adaptar aplicações existentes a novos cenários e necessidades, como por exemplo, novas funcionalidades, correções de defeitos e requerimentos legais. Entretanto, algumas questões organizacionais podem interferir nas atividades dos desenvolvedores impactando na qualidade e manutenabilidade do software produzido. Grande volume de documentação obsoleta, dificuldades na utilização desta documentação, dependências entre módulos de software e especialistas que deixam as empresas levando o conhecimento de determinados módulos e/ou sistemas são fatores determinantes para o sucesso dos projetos. Uma das formas de mitigar o impacto destas questões seria a disponibilização de informações úteis referentes aos módulos ou artefatos de software de forma qualitativa. A disponibilização destas informações propicia um melhor entendimento do desenvolvedor em relação aos aspectos que cercam o software e o seu ambiente. De acordo com a natureza das informações disponibilizadas, os desenvolvedores podem adquirir informações relevantes sobre o softwareem questão. Essa dissertação apresenta o SW-Context, um modelo que permite a combinação de diferentes informações relacionadas a artefatos de software, a fim de aprimorar a consciência situacional dos desenvolvedores nas atividades de desenvolvimento e manutenção. Desta forma, os principais desafios do modelo são: a definição de quais informações devem compor o contexto para software, o armazenamento estruturado destas informações em históricos de contextos e, finalmente, a análise e disponibilização destas informações de contexto, de forma que possam auxiliar a atividade de desenvolvimento e manutenção de software, utilizando o conceito SoftwareAnalytics. Foi implementado um protótipo contendo os principais conceitos do modelo proposto. Este protótipo utilizou as informações contextuais de aplicações reais de uma empresa de desenvolvimento de software e foi avaliado através de um estudo de caso, onde 12 desenvolvedores o utilizaram pelo período de um mês em suas atividades diárias. Ao final deste período, os desenvolvedores responderam um questionário que abordou a utilidade da ferramenta e a facilidade de uso percebida. A avaliação do modelo obteve respostas com percentuais satisfatórios tanto em relação à facilidade de uso percebida quanto à utilidade do sistema. Pode-se avaliar que a consolidação das informações contextuais em um local único e a disponibilização qualitativa das informações correlacionadas, através de dashboard, atingiu o objetivo de melhorar a consciência situacional dos desenvolvedores nas atividades de manutenção.
Developers need to deal recurrently with the maintenance activities on existing applications in order to adapt them to new scenarios and needs, for example, new features, bug fixing and legal changes. Besides that, developers often deal with organization factors with a potential impact on the success or failure of software development projects. Some of these organization factors are: large amount of old poorly documented software, many interdependencies between software modules and expert developers who left the company. A way to mitigate the impact of these factors on software correctness and maintainability can be providing useful information regarding the context of code or application under development using the analytics approach. The availability of this information provides a better understanding of the developer in relation to issues surrounding the software and its environment. SW-Context aims to allow a combination of different information related to software artifacts in order to improve the situational awareness of developers on development and maintenance activities. On this way, the main challenges of the model are: a definition of what information must compose software context, structured storage of the contextual information and, finally, the analysis and availability of this context information in a way to help the development and maintenance activities, using the Software Analytics concept. A prototype was implemented containing the main concepts of the proposed model. This prototype was prepared with the contextual information of actual applications under development by a software company and the prototype was evaluated through a case study, where 12 developers used it in their daily activities. By the end of this period, the developers responded a questionnaire, in which the usefulness and the ease of use were measured. The evaluation of the model obtained answers with percentage well placed both in relation to the ease of use as to the usefulness of the system. It can be considered that the consolidation of the contextual information in a single location and the availability of this correlated information in a graphical way, through a dashboard, reached the objective of improving the situational awareness of software developers in maintenance activities.
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Junior, Carlos Roberto Esperança de Arruda. "Context Kernel: um Web Service baseado nas dimensões de informação de contexto". Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-20082015-165931/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
No início dos anos 90, o pesquisador Mark Weiser vislumbrou uma forma de computação baseada na integração transparente entre tecnologia e atividades humanas a qual denominou computação ubíqua. Idealizada como uma mudança no paradigma de interação entre usuários e computadores, a computação ubíqua tem como temas de pesquisa interfaces naturais, aplicações cientes de contexto e aplicações de captura e acesso de atividades humanas. Desenvolvidos para apoiar serviços dedicados de captura, de armazenamento e de processamento de informações de contexto, esforços como Context Fabric, EventHeap e Gaia não exploram a plataforma de Web Services como alternativa para o tratamento da heterogeneidade entre aplicações; além disso, as dimensões de contexto propostas na literatura não são apoiadas diretamente. Este trabalho teve como propósito investigar e formalizar um conjunto de operações para armazenamento e recuperação de informações de contexto com base nas dimensões propostas na literatura: who, when, where, what, why e how. Como resultado, desenvolveu-se um núcleo de operações, denominado Context Kernel, implementado como um Web Service. Neste trabalho sao apresentadas a modelagem do Context Kernel, as especificações dos serviços em WSDL, a linguagem padrão para descrição de Web Services, e das APIs implementadas para acesso ao Context Kernel por aplicações Java e PHP.In the 90s, the researcher Mark Weiser envisioned a form of computation based on the transparent integration between technology and human s activlties which called ubiquitous computing. Idealized as a change in the paradigm of interaction between users and computers, the ubiquitous computing has as research themes natural interfaces, context awareness applications and capture and access applications. Recent work including Context Fabric, EventHeap and Gaia support the manipulation of context information by means of mechanisms that do not exploit the Web Services platform; moreover, the context dimensions proposed in the literature are not supported directly. Aiming at providing support to the development of context awareness applications, this work has investigated a set of operations for the storage and retrieval of context information based on the dimensions proposed in literature: who, when, where, what, why and how. As result, the Context Kernel has been modelled and implemented as operations formalized as a Web Service: the Context Kernel is presented by means of the specification of the services described in WSDL, the standard language for the description of Web Services, and the APIs allowing access the Web Service by Java and PHP applications.