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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Consumer price indexes – Methodology"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Consumer price indexes – Methodology"

1

Cavallo, Alberto, e Roberto Rigobon. "The Billion Prices Project: Using Online Prices for Measurement and Research". Journal of Economic Perspectives 30, n. 2 (1 maggio 2016): 151–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.30.2.151.

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A large and growing share of retail prices all over the world are posted online on the websites of retailers. This is a massive and (until recently) untapped source of retail price information. Our objective with the Billion Prices Project, created at MIT in 2008, is to experiment with these new sources of information to improve the computation of traditional economic indicators, starting with the Consumer Price Index. We also seek to understand whether online prices have distinct dynamics, their advantages and disadvantages, and whether they can serve as reliable source of information for economic research. The word “billion” in Billion Prices Project was simply meant to express our desire to collect a massive amount of prices, though we in fact reached that number of observations in less than two years. By 2010, we were collecting 5 million prices every day from over 300 retailers in 50 countries. We describe the methodology used to compute online price indexes and show how they co-move with consumer price indexes in most countries. We also use our price data to study price stickiness, and to investigate the “law of one price” in international economics. Finally we describe how the Billion Prices Project data are publicly shared and discuss why data collection is an important endeavor that macro- and international economists should pursue more often.

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2

Juszczak, Adam. "The use of web-scraped data to analyze the dynamics of footwear prices". Journal of Economics and Management 43 (2021): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22367/jem.2021.43.12.

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Aim/purpose – Web-scraping is a technique used to automatically extract data from websites. After the rise-up of online shopping, it allows the acquisition of information about prices of goods sold by retailers such as supermarkets or internet shops. This study examines the possibility of using web-scrapped data from one clothing store. It aims at comparing known price index formulas being implemented to the web-scraping case and verifying their sensitivity on the choice of data filter type. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses the price data scrapped from one of the biggest online shops in Poland. The data were obtained as part of eCPI (electronic Consumer Price Index) project conducted by the National Bank of Poland. The author decided to select three types of products for this analysis – female ballerinas, male shoes, and male oxfords to compare their prices in over one-year time period. Six price indexes were used for calculation – The Jevons and Dutot indexes with their chain and GEKS (acronym from the names of creators – Gini–Éltető–Köves–Szulc) versions. Apart from the analysis conducted on a full data set, the author introduced filters to remove outliers. Findings – Clothing and footwear are considered one of the most difficult groups of goods to measure price change indexes due to high product churn, which undermines the possibility to use the traditional Jevons and Dutot indexes. However, it is possible to use chained indexes and GEKS indexes instead. Still, these indexes are fairly sensitive to large price changes. As observed in case of both product groups, the results provided by the GEKS and chained versions of indexes were different, which could lead to conclu- sion that even though they are lending promising results, they could be better suited for other COICOP (Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose) groups. Research implications/limitations – The findings of the paper showed that usage of filters did not significantly reduce the difference between price indexes based on GEKS and chain formulas. Originality/value/contribution – The usage of web-scrapped data is a fairly new topic in the literature. Research on the possibility of using different price indexes provides useful insights for future usage of these data by statistics offices. Keywords: inflation, CPI, web-scraping, online shopping, big data. JEL Classification: C43, C49.

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Jabarin, Mai, Abdulnaser Nour e Sameh Atout. "Impact of macroeconomic factors and political events on the market index returns at Palestine and Amman Stock Markets (2011–2017)". Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, n. 4 (5 dicembre 2019): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(4).2019.14.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of macroeconomic factors on Palestine and Amman Stock Exchange returns. Also, the study handles the political events in the area and their impact on Palestine and Amman stock markets returns. This study applied the macro-econometric model based on Arbitrage Pricing Theory. In addition, the most important political events are selected, and their effect was tested using the event study methodology. The results show that the consumer price index, gross domestic product, and exchange rate have a significant impact on stock index returns, but industrial production index and balance of trade have no significant effect. In addition, the results reveal that the political events have a significant effect on Palestine and Amman stock markets returns. For instance, at Palestine Stock Exchange, seven out of eleven events had a significant impact on the Palestinian general index returns. Regarding the Amman Stock Exchange, there were nine out of eleven events, which had a significant impact on the Jordanian general index returns. The main results show that the macroeconomic factors and political events have a significant impact on the Palestine and Amman stock market returns. Both Palestine and Amman Stock Markets are inefficient and the markets do not absorb uncertain information and noisy events.

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White, Alan G. "Measurement Biases in Consumer Price Indexes". International Statistical Review / Revue Internationale de Statistique 67, n. 3 (dicembre 1999): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1403708.

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White, Alan G. "Measurement Biases in Consumer Price Indexes". International Statistical Review 67, n. 3 (dicembre 1999): 301–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-5823.1999.tb00451.x.

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6

Moulton, Brent R., e Kenneth J. Stewart. "An Overview of Experimental U.S. Consumer Price Indexes". Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 17, n. 2 (aprile 1999): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1392469.

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Moulton, Brent R., e Kenneth J. Stewart. "An Overview of Experimental U.S. Consumer Price Indexes". Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 17, n. 2 (aprile 1999): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07350015.1999.10524804.

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8

Greenlees, John. "Consumer price indexes: methods for quality and variety change". Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 17, n. 1 (1 giugno 2000): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sju-2000-17105.

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Bourassa, Steven C., Eva Cantoni e Martin Hoesli. "Robust hedonic price indexes". International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 9, n. 1 (7 marzo 2016): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-11-2014-0050.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of robust techniques to the estimation of hedonic house price indexes. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use simulation analysis to compare an index estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) with several indexes estimated using robust techniques. The analysis uses sales transactions data from a US city. The authors then explore how robust methods can correct for omitted variables under some circumstances and how they affect the revision problem that occurs when longitudinal hedonic indexes are updated. Findings – Robust methods can resolve missing variable problems in some circumstances and also can substantially reduce the revision problem in longitudinal hedonic indexes. Practical implications – Robust techniques may be preferable to OLS when constructing longitudinal hedonic indexes. Originality/value – This is the first paper to undertake a systematic analysis of the applicability of robust techniques in constructing hedonic house price indexes.

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Collier, Irwin L. "The DM and the Ossi Consumer: Price Indexes During Transition". Journal of Economic Integration 27, n. 2 (15 giugno 2012): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2012.27.2.245.

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Tesi sul tema "Consumer price indexes – Methodology"

1

Chan, Ka-lin Karen. "Forecasting models for Hong Kong's consumer price index". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13787202.

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Chan, Ka-lin Karen, e 陳家蓮. "Forecasting models for Hong Kong's consumer price index". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197725X.

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Smith, Aaron D. "Stochastic permanent breaks /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9938588.

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Mazumdar, Tridib. "The effects of learning intentions and choice task orientations on buyers' knowledge of price: an experimental investigation". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53645.

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This dissertation examines the process by which buyers encode and store price information in their memories and how the information is retrieved when such a need arises. Using theories in human learning and memory, it has been argued that buyers’ learning of price information is primarily influenced by their learning plans and the criteria they use pin choice decisions. Because of the differences in learning and choice task orientations, buyers are postulated to encode and store the information differently and therefore, different memory tests are necessary to investigate the retrieval mechanisms and thereby making inferences about their knowledge of price. While it is recognized that buyers may encode and retrieve price information in many different ways, this research has examined the differential impact of learning and choice task orientations on their recall, recognition, and ranking performances. The hypotheses developed in this research were tested in a laboratory experiment using ninety women shoppers as subjects. The two levels of learning (incidental and intentional) and the three levels of choice task orientations (non-price, mixed, and price) were fully crossed in a 2 x 3 full-factorial between-subjects design. Subjects, after being randomly assigned to one of the six experimental conditions took part in a simulated grocery shopping. Having made their selections, subjects responded to recall, recognition, and ranking memory tests involving prices of the items selected. Subjects also indicated their confidence about the accuracy of their responses. The accuracy and confidence ratings were used as dependent measures when testing the hypotheses. Since accuracy measures were dichotomous (correct or incorrect) in nature, loglinear modes were tested using maximum likelihood estimation procedure. For continuous dependent measure (e.g. confidence), ordinary least square estimations were carried out in a univariate ANOVA framework. In addition, several multiple comparison procedures were used to test differences between mean accuracy and confidence scores. The data analysis supported fifteen out of sixteen hypothesized relationships. The results supported the argument that buyers’ learning of price information improves with greater use of price in their choice decisions and with greater need to remember the information for later use. Overall, recognition was found to be a more appropriate retrieval mechanism than recall. Need for remembering specific prices did not significantly improve buyers° ability to rank items in terms of their expensiveness. The conceptualization and the research results are expected to make both theoretical and methodological contributions in pricing research. Particularly, the issues involving formation of reference prices and the manner in which the internal reference prices are retrieved and used in iii choice decisions are partially addressed using a consumer information processing perspective. Nonetheless, future research is needed to resolve additional issues in price perception research.
Ph. D.

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Jayawardhena, Chanaka. "Investigating consumer behaviour and competitiveness in Internet service businesses : development of the mystery-shopping methodology in Internet banking services". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4200.

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Heinze, Christian [Verfasser], Harry [Akademischer Betreuer] Haupt e Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer. "A framework for spatiotemporal prediction with small and heterogeneous data - and an application to consumer price indexes - / Christian Heinze ; Harry Haupt, Dietmar Bauer". Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119981298/34.

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Ivancic, Lorraine Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Scanner data and the construction of price indices". 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40782.

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This thesis explores whether scanner data can be used to inform Consumer Price Index (CPI) construction, with particular reference to the issues of substitution bias and choice of aggregation dimensions. The potential costs and benefits of using scanner data are reviewed. Existing estimates of substitution bias are found to show considerable variation. An Australian scanner data set is used to estimate substitution bias for six different aggregation methods and for fixed base and superlative indexes. Direct and chained indexes are also calculated. Estimates of substitution bias are found to be highly sensitive to both the method of aggregation used and whether direct or chained indexes were used. The ILO (2004) recommends the use of dissimilarity indexes to determine the issue of when to chain. This thesis provides the first empirical study of dissimilarity indexes in this context. The results indicate that dissimilarity indexes may not be sufficient to resolve the issue. A Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) index provides an approximate estimate of substitution-bias-free price change, without the need for current period expenditure weights. However, an elasticity parameter is needed. Two methods, referred to as the algebraic and econometric methods, were used to estimate the elasticity parameter. The econometric approach involved the estimation of a system of equations proposed by Diewert (2002a). This system has not been estimated previously. The results show a relatively high level of substitution at the elementary aggregate level, which supports the use a Jevons index, rather than Carli or Dutot indexes, at this level. Elasticity parameter estimates were found to vary considerably across time, and statistical testing showed that elasticity parameter estimates were significantly different across estimation methods. Aggregation is an extremely important issue in the compilation of the CPI. However, little information exists about 'appropriate' aggregation methods. Aggregation is typically recommended over 'homogenous' units. An hedonic framework is used to test for item homogeneity across four supermarket chains and across all stores within each chain. This is a novel approach. The results show that treating the same good as homogenous across stores which belong to the same chain may be recommended.

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Chu, Chin-Wen, e 朱錦雯. "The relationship of Consumer Classified Price Indexes in Taiwan". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67668938557470236130.

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碩士
淡江大學
財務金融學系
85
This study uses Johansen(1988)Maximum Likelihood method, testing thelong-run co-integration relation of consumer classified price indexes from1978 to 1996, and then uses the Error Correction Model to discuss the co-effectwith observed time series. The conclusions are as follows:1. This study adopt unit-root statistical technique (ADF .PP .WS), we found that all classified prices are I(1) series.2. Co-integration relation does not exist in all two category price indexes, three category price indexes, four category price indexes. In the long-run, when the government adjust one of the classified prices, it may make the others classified prices change in different way.3. The negative relation between The Error Correction Term and independent variables.4. We do not confirm the relationship of consumer classified price indexes, but we believe that when the government adjust one of the classified prices, the others classified prices may rise or decline.5. The short-run dynamic relationship shows that, the classified price effect to itself last for one year.

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9

White, Alan G. "Economic and financial indexes". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10137.

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This thesis examines the theoretical underpinnings and practical construction of select economic and financial indexes. Such indexes are used for a variety of purposes, including the measurement of inflation, portfolio return performance, and firm productivity. Chapter 1 motivates interest in economic and financial indexes and introduces the principal ideas in the thesis. Chapter 2 focuses on one potential source of bias in the Canadian consumer price index (CPI) that arises from the emergence of large discount/warehouse stores—the so-called outlet substitution bias. Such outlets have gained market share in Canada in recent years, but current CPI procedures fail to capture the declines in average prices that consumers enjoy when they switch to such outlets. Unrepresentative sampling, and the fact that discount stores often deliver lower rates of price increase can further bias the CPI. Bias estimates for some elementary indexes are computed using data from Statistics Canada's CPI production files for the province of Ontario. It is shown that the effect on the Canadian CPI of inappropriately accounting for such discount outlets can be substantial. Another area in which indexes are frequently used is the stock market. Several stock market indexes exist, including those produced by Dow Jones and Company, Standard and Poor's Corporation, Frank Russell and Company, among others. These indexes differ in two fundamental respects: their composition and their method of computation—with important implications for their usage and interpretation. Chapter 3 introduces the concept of a stock index by asking what, in fact a stock market index is—this is tantamount to considering the purpose for which the index is intended, since stock indexes should be constructed according to their usage. Because stock indexes are most commonly used as measures of returns on portfolios, the main considerations in constructing such return indexes are examined. Chapter 4 uses the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) as a case study to examine its properties as a return index. It is shown that the DJIA is not the return on a market portfolio consisting of its thirty component stocks: in fact the DJIA measures the return performance on a very particular (and unusual) investment strategy, a fact that is not well understood by institutional investors. An examination of some other popular stock indexes shows that they all differ in their computational formula and that each is consistent with a particular investment strategy. Numerical calculations reveal that the return performance of the DJIA can vary considerably with the choice of basic index number formula, particularly over shorter time horizons. Given the numerous ways of constructing stock market return indexes, the user is left to determine which is 'best' in some sense. The choice of an appropriate (or 'best') formula for a stock market index is formally addressed in chapter 5. The test or axiomatic approach to standard bilateral index number theory as in Eichhorn & Voeller (1983), Diewert (1993a), and Balk (1995) is adapted here. A number of a priori desirable properties (or axioms) are proposed for a stock index whose purpose is to measure the gross return on a portfolio of stocks. It is shown that satisfaction of a certain subset of axioms implies a definite functional form for a stock market return index. Chapter 6 evaluates the various stock indexes is use today in terms of their usefulness as measures of gross returns on portfolios. To this end the axioms developed in chapter 5 are used to provide a common evaluative framework, in the sense that some of the indexes satisfy certain axioms while others do not. It is shown that the shortcomings of the DJIA as a measure of return arise from its failure to satisfy a number of the basic axioms proposed. Notwithstanding this, each index corresponds to a different investment strategy. Thus, when choosing an index for benchmarking purposes an investor should select one which closely matches his/her investment strategy—a choice that cannot be made by appealing to axioms alone.

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Ngidi, Bandile. "Food price inflation and the poor". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20497.

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Thesis (M.Com. (Development Theory and Policy))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2015.
Food price inflation has been an important subject of debate internationally since 2008. This sharp increase in food prices experienced during 2008 lead to intense research into the causes, dynamics and responses to this particular instance of food price inflation. The international literature attributed food price inflation to such factors as climate change, increases in energy costs and speculative activity in financial markets for agricultural commodities. This research report undertakes a review of the measurement of food price inflation in South Africa, broadly assessing how it is to be linked to the poor in South Africa. The research report focuses on the work of institutions concerned with the measurement of food price inflation in South Africa. Different methodologies of identifying foods as food staples are looked at. Food prices and trends are analysed using CPI data from January 2008 until October 2008, using selected consumer price index series from Statistics South Africa. The research report finds that the institutions studied show evidence of that higher food price inflation is correlated with demographic markers of poverty, although the traditional measure, the CPI, does not suggests that this is very extensive. This, it is argued, is due to the calculation methodologies used in the published CPI, and the data period. The research report then ends with an overview of the political economy of food in South Africa, thereby makes recommendations as to why the measurement of food price inflation is important for the poor.

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Libri sul tema "Consumer price indexes – Methodology"

1

missing], [name. Scanner data and price indexes. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2002.

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2

South-East Asian Central Banks. Research and Training Centre., a cura di. Price pressure measurements for effective monetary policy: Methodology and issues. Kuala Lumpur: South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre, 2005.

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Règlement portant adoption d'une méthodologie commune aux états membres d'AFRISTAT pour lʹélaboration d'un indice harmonisé de la production industrielle. Bamako, Mali]: AFRISTAT, 2010.

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Directorate, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Statistics. Consumer price indices: sources and methods. Paris: OECD, 1994.

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Ralph, Turvey. Consumer price indices: An ILO manual. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1989.

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Ung, Bunleng. Seasonality in the Cambodian consumer price index. Phnom Penh: Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2000.

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Rajasthan (India). Directorate of Economics & Statistics. Price indices: Wholesale price index (year 1957 to 2007) & consumer price index for industrial workers (year 1978 to 2007) of Rajasthan and all India. Jaipur: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, [Govt. of Rajasthan, 2008.

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Delhi (India : Union Territory). Directorate of Economics & Statistics. Price indices, 2009-2010. Delhi: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Govt. of N.C.T of Delhi, 2010.

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Rossiter, James. Measurement bias in the Canadian consumer price index. Ottawa: Bank of Canada, 2005.

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Silver, M. S. Why elementary price index number formulas differ: Price dispersion and product heterigeneity. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Statistics Dept., 2006.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Consumer price indexes – Methodology"

1

Vorontsova, Natalia D., e Nadezhda V. Palesheva. "Analysis of the Modern Methodology of Calculating Consumer Price Index in the Russian Federation and the Perspectives of Its Digital Economy’s Sustainable Development". In Sustainable Development of Modern Digital Economy, 343–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70194-9_34.

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Santioni, Raffaele, Isabella Carbonaro e Margherita Carlucci. "Consumer Price Indexes: An Analysis of Heterogeneity Across Sub-Populations". In Contributions to Statistics, 133–49. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2140-6_7.

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Lovell, C. A. Knox, e Kimberly D. Zieschang. "The Problem of New and Disappearing Commodities in the Construction of Price Indexes". In Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology, and Applications, 353–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0637-5_18.

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"Consumer and Producer Price Indexes". In The Trader's Guide to Key Economic Indicators, 219–34. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118532461.ch12.

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Goh, Jia Wen, e Alex Hou Hong Ng. "Factors Affecting Online Consumer Buying Behavior Towards Essential Oils in Penang". In Impact of Globalization and Advanced Technologies on Online Business Models, 279–302. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7603-8.ch016.

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The purpose of this chapter is to determine the factors influencing the online consumer buying behavior towards essential oils in Penang as there is dissonance between what the consumers want and what has been made available in the purchase of essential oils. There are four factors influencing the online consumer buying behavior that are being evaluated in this research which are brand image, price, quality, and online advertisement. Past literatures have been reviewed on the factors to understand consumers' preferences that leads to consumer buying decision. This study adopted the theory of reasoned action (TRA) as the grounded theory. Questionnaires will be used to collect consumers' response for further testing and analysis to test the relationship and strength of factor variables by using the outlined research methodology.

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Peneda de Oliveira, Catarina, e Bruno Miguel Sousa. "Green Consumer Behavior and Its Implications on Brand Marketing Strategy". In Green Marketing as a Positive Driver Toward Business Sustainability, 69–95. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9558-8.ch004.

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The current pollution and possible depletion of earth's natural resources combined with the growing concern in choosing healthier and environmentally friendly foods and gives origin to a new way of consumption: green consumption. Therefore, organizations have identified this business opportunity leading to the emergence of several brands related to the commerce of these kinds of products. Through a qualitative methodology of five semi-structured interviews, an attempt was made to understand how the strategy of product, price, communication, and distribution of these brands seek to influence consumer behavior and educate consumers to act in a sustainable way. The results show that clients are largely young-adult, female, with small children and above-average education and income. In terms of strategy, the brands currently bet on the sale in bulk as a way to avoid waste of product and packaging. The main concepts addressed in this chapter are consumer behavior, green consumer, and green marketing, and also by marketing compound strategy.

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Andrzejczak, Monika. "The impact of Covid-19 on the finances of multinational enterprises from the perspective of Balance of Payments transactions". In Towards the „new normal” after COVID-19 – a post-transition economy perspective, 100–123. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-061-6/i8.

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Purpose: The analysis of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the finances of economic entities from the perspective of the structure of financing, investments and dividend policy. Design/methodology/approach: The research covered the countries of the EU, due to the specific type of ties between these countries. Research stages: 1. Classification of countries in terms of the selected IIP and the BP statistics and macroeconomic data in 2018–2019 (pre-pandemic period), average levels for 2018–2019 in relation to GDP; 2. Presentation of the development of selected monthly BP statistics during the pandemic period (from January 2020), in terms of: (i) changes in the share of GDP (first half of 2020 in relation to the first half of 2019); (ii) year on year changes. Research methodology: data source: Eurostat, annual, quarterly, and monthly data in million EUR, the collected statistics were adjusted to the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP). Findings: At the end of November 2020, it is difficult to identify the pattern of changes to the flows of the discussed categories based on the analysis of information from the pre-pandemic period. Practical implications: The creation of a“new” division between the EU countries as a result of Covid-19 may result in a change in the priorities of functioning within the entire Union and in a change in the rules of redistribution of the EU funds. Originality and value: An original way of framing decisions on capital structure, investment decisions and dividend policy through the prism of the Balance of Payments flows.

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Cecchini, Isabella. "Patterns of Consumption in Renaissance Venice". In Printing R-Evolution and Society 1450-1500. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-332-8/016.

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Reconstructing prices and price indexes for pre-industrial societies is always a challenge for researchers. Despite the fact that several account books have been preserved and may offer purchase and sale prices of a wide range of goods, the definition of a consumer basket – a set of different quantities of goods forming the basic consumption unit for an average individual or family – faces several difficulties. Average consumption is difficult to establish even in pre-industrial times, since buying activities vary of course not only according to wealth and income, but also to social class; and it is usually difficult to record and weigh self-consumption. It seems more important to offer some parameters from a single case study, the ledger of a Venetian patrician recording his purchases on a daily basis, in a couple of months in 1455.

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Śliwińska, Magdalena, e Rafał Śliwiński. "Disruption of European agri-food markets due to Covid-19: The case of Poland". In Towards the „new normal” after COVID-19 – a post-transition economy perspective, 177–85. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-061-6/ii5.

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Purpose: The chapter describes the economic impact of Covid-19 on the agri-food market in Poland and its influence along food supply chains by discussing demand accommodation and alterations in supply channels. Design/methodology/approach: The study delivers a critical literature review, analyzes secondary data, and utilizes available statistics. Findings: The chapter shows the impact of Covid-19 on the various branches of agri-food sector like cattle meat, cereal, poultry, pork, milk, and horticulture. It shows quantitative information, time period, the level of sales decreases and increases, and price fluctuations caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, the study scrutinizes consumer reactions to the first and latter period of economy lockdown in respect to the food products. Food demand adjustments were shown in respect to types of food product, shopping frequency, and the use of alternative delivery channels. Practical implications: The analysis of the agri-food market reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic allows us to find bottlenecks in the system and design support programs to help farmers, intermediaries, and delivery channels of food to build resistance to similarly extreme situations. Originality and value: The chapter presents in a short and complex manner the Polish agri-food market’s reaction to the coronavirus pandemic. The reactions of particular branches and the entire agri-food sector can be of interest to academics, governmental institutions, administration officials, and students.

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Lobanova, Svitlana, Valentyna Tryndiuk e Alla Martyniuk. "LEXICO-GRAMMATICAL AND STYLISTIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH ADVERTISING SLOGANS". In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-16.

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The aim of the article is to generalize and present the lexico-grammatical and stylistic features of English-language advertising slogans. The study allows us to determine the need of society to understand and conceptualize advertising, the mechanisms of verbal influence of advertising texts, analysis of language tools on which are based logical and emotional argumentation in advertising to persuade and motivate the audience to action, ensuring the ability of advertising text to remember . Methodology. The survey is conducted on the basis of a comparison of the data of the respondents (using the same questionnaire) on the impact of advertising slogans on the consumer, both popularity and brand. The survey also covered the family of students, which made it possible to compare these options for answering the survey questions. The results of the survey showed that younger respondents adopted English-language advertising slogans to choose about the benefits of the product and its brand. However, the older generation was more likely to be driven by savings and proven brands. Advertising for them is a show and does not deserve trust but carries the impetus for further study. Practical consequences. As the younger generation is effectively influenced by advertising slogans, modern advertising compositions take into account the characteristics of this audience. What do they aim for their income, exclusivity, price variations. As for the senior respondents, they demonstrated time-tested thrift and a scrupulous approach to pricing strategies for advertising slogans. Thus, the experimental study showed a multi-vector feature of the respondents' attitude to advertising slogans.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Consumer price indexes – Methodology"

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Radzikowski, Bartosz, e Adam Śmietanka. "Online CASE CPI". In CARMA 2016 - 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2016.2016.3133.

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Online CASE CPI is an example of using Big data in public statistics. In principle, it is a consumer price index based entirely on online prices: a combination of Central Statistical Office of Poland’s methodology and online data sets. An innovative method of data collection – data scrapping – allowed us to substantially reduce a time delay between data collection and a publication of results. A short, nine-month period of data collection has not given rise to make important conclusions, hence the aims of this paper are: to discuss a general framework of measuring consumer inflation online, to present preliminary results for Poland and to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this approach. Finally, we believe that online consumer price indices have a complementary nature to conventional inflation measurement, but it might be a serious alternative, having in mind a huge growth potential of e-commerce in coming years.

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Karcıoğlu, Reşat, Muhammet Özcan e Ensar Ağırman. "The Relationship of Petroleum Price and BIST Sector Indexes". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01878.

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Energy is not only indispensable element of everyday life, but also underlies industrialization and manufacturing. Energy and manufacturing have become integral parts with the importance of mechanization since the Industrial Revolution. As a result of this emerging situation, businesses, have become sensitive energy and energy prices. For this reason, changes in energy prices directly affect businesses and are thought to have effects on fluctuations in stock prices. Changes in the prices of primary energy sources directly or indirectly affect capital markets. In energy importer countries including Turkey, high energy prices cause an increase in current account deficit and decrease in real national income by increasing the amount of energy imports. In addition, high energy prices lead to cost-based inflation increases as they directly affect raw material prices used in production. All these factors indirectly affect capital markets. Direct effect of energy price changes on the capital market is explained by the fact that energy is an indispensable input in industrial production. In cases where the energy price increase is not reflected to the consumer, the profitability of the enterprise is decreasing. A decrease in profitability affects firm's stock price as well. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between sector indices in the Stock Exchange Istanbul (BIST) and oil price changes. Weekly data set for the period for 2006:1 - 2016:4 is used. Johannes co-integration method is used to measure long term relationship in the study.

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Abbas, Ali E., George A. Hazelrigg e Mahmood Alkindi. "Bayesian Inference for the Demand of Engineering Products". In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70153.

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Within the context of a profit making firm, the job of a design engineer is to choose design parameters and product attributes that maximize the expected utility of profit. To do this effectively, the engineer needs to have an estimate of the demand for the product as a function of its price and its attributes. The firm may conduct a survey to elicit consumer preferences for the product at a given price and would like to update their belief about demand given the survey data. The purpose of this paper is to present a Bayesian methodology for demand estimation that meets this need. The estimation process begins with a prior probability distribution of demand at a given price. Using Bayesian analysis, we show how to update demand for the product given various pieces of information such as market analysis, polls and a variety of other methods. We also discuss situations where consumers can demand multiple units of the product at the given price.

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Suryadi, Dedy, e Harrison Kim. "Identifying the Relations Between Product Features and Sales Rank From Online Reviews". In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60481.

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Online product reviews have become an efficient source to gather consumer needs, instead of going through the labor-intensive surveys. The contribution of the paper is to relate the content of online reviews to a product’s sales rank, that implicitly reflects the needs and motivation behind what drives customers to purchase the product. In particular, the review content includes product features stated in the review, together with the sentiment expressed towards the feature. Part-of-speech tagging is used to extract the features and sentiment from the reviews. The extracted data from reviews and price then subsequently become independent variables in the regression model, while sales rank is the dependent variable. An experiment is run for the wearable technology products to illustrate the methodology and interpret the results. In general, the features in reviews that are related to sales rank significantly are button, calorie tracker, design, time functions, and waterproof abilities. Moreover, the products are further stratified based on price average. In the cluster of the most expensive items, the sales rank is found to be not significantly related to price.

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Volkov, Artiom, Mangirdas Morkūnas e Viktorija Skvarciany. "Is it possible to predict food retail prices? Evidence from Lithuanian market". In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.018.

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Purpose – the purpose of the article is to develop a model that could be used for estimating the level of the effect of the highlighted determinants on food retail prices. Research methodology – the study is based on the obtained monthly data of food retail prices that covers the period from 2016 I m. to 2018 XII m. (36 observations). Multiple regression modelling is used in order to create a model of food retail prices. Findings – the results provide evidence that the most influential determinants are the price of the alternative products and purchasing power. It also contributes to scholarly thinking, stating, that it is possible to predict the future retail price of a particular product. Research limitations – the limitation of the current study is that the proposed econometric model is sufficient for the Lithuanian market and ought to be modified if used in other countries. Practical implications – the development model allows to predict/forecast the food retail prices which are crucial for households budget planning. Originality/Value – the current study examines the main determinant of retail food prices. It laid a background for future researches, based on examining possibilities to forecast food prices. The research results contribute to classic economic views about market imperfections influence onto supply-demand equilibrium and unproductiveness of consumer illicit market.

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Fay, Brendan E., e Steven Hoffenson. "An Agent-Based Market System Simulation for Design Education". In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67358.

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In product design, there is often a disconnect between the engineers creating the product and the marketing team determining the best characteristics for the product. The decisions of engineers in designing a product, such as dimensions, materials, and tolerances, affect the look and feel of the product as seen by the consumer. This paper presents a methodology for creating a simulation to demonstrate basic relationships between product design decisions and the predicted success of the product in the market. An agent-based model is used to simulate the interactions among producers and consumers in a market system, using analysis techniques from engineering, economics, and psychology. The effects of design variables on product attributes influence the cost and consumer utility of the product, which, along with price, affect market dynamics. The goal of creating this model is for use in design curricula to introduce the concept of market-driven product design and allow student design teams to assess the impacts of different design variables on the market success of a product. The model has been introduced in an undergraduate engineering design class to explore its effectiveness in teaching market-driven design.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Consumer price indexes – Methodology"

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Frijters, Paul. WELLBYs, cost-benefit analyses and the Easterlin Discount. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, marzo 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.deb04.

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The current practise of cost-benefit analysis inWestern countries consists of a collection of various incompatible ideas and methodologies to obtain replicable numbers for the costs and benefits of major public spending plans. This paper describes the main elements of the dominant methodology, which combines consumer and producer surplus, price-taking, government-inputs-as-outputs, hedonic pricing of externalities, and the issue-specific use of partial or general equilibrium thinking. The paper then discusses how that methodology can be augmented and partially replaced by looking at how prospective policies would change the total number of WELLBYs (life satisfaction-adjusted years of life) of the population. The ability of the WELLBY methodology to address complex externalities is illustrated by the Easterlin Discount, which is a proposed reduction factor of 75% on all estimates of private consumption benefits to offset the envy caused in others.

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