Tesi: "Consumer behavior – data processing"

1

Yanamandram, Venkata Krishna Kumar. "Retention of dissatisfied business-to-business services customers". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28954.

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The strategic importance of customer retention and the costs associated with customer switching behaviour have resulted in researchers devoting considerable attention to investigating the switching and/or staying behaviour of customers. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to investigating (1) the important deterrents to discontinuing the relationship in a single model in the business-to-business (B-to-B) service sector, and (2) the mediating factors under the condition of dissatisfaction in the B-to-B services sector. The fastest growth in services marketing today is in business markets, making this an important area of study with significance for marketers, particularly in terms of the development of customer retention. A two-stage research design, with qualitative and quantitative phases, was employed in the current research using a single key informant approach. The qualitative study utilised an indepth interview technique in which key informants representing 21 businesses provided interviews. The quantitative study employed a cross-sectional email URL embedded Web survey of key informants, which resulted in a final sample size of 376 responses. The simultaneous nature of the multiple relationships between key constructs was analysed using structural equation modelling. The research demonstrated that distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice, satisfaction with complaint—handling, benefit-loss costs, economic-loss costs, learning costs, sunk costs, interpersonal relationships, dependence and calculative commitment are the direct and indirect factors that influence the likelihood of dissatisfied customers remaining in a relationship. A key finding is the mediating role of both dependence and calculative commitment on the relationship between specific firmlevel investments and repurchase intentions. This thesis makes four contributions. Firstly, it uses a business services context, which is an under—researched area for this research problem. Secondly, it connects determinant factors to an outcome variable in explaining the tendency among B—to-B services customers, who have complained and considered switching, to remain involved in a relationship that is dissatisfying overall. Thirdly, it examines the effects of antecedents on calculative commitment that have previously not been examined, thus making a conceptual and empirical contribution. Finally, it offers managerial implications for the offending service firms as well as for those service firms that are attempting to attract dissatisfied prospective switchers of the offending firm.

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Mestre, María del Rosario. "Bayesian predictive models of user intention". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708641.

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3

Winn, David. "An analysis of neural networks and time series techniques for demand forecasting". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004362.

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This research examines the plausibility of developing demand forecasting techniques which are consistently and accurately able to predict demand. Time Series Techniques and Artificial Neural Networks are both investigated. Deodorant sales in South Africa are specifically studied in this thesis. Marketing techniques which are used to influence consumer buyer behaviour are considered, and these factors are integrated into the forecasting models wherever possible. The results of this research suggest that Artificial Neural Networks can be developed which consistently outperform industry forecasting targets as well as Time Series forecasts, suggesting that producers could reduce costs by adopting this more effective method.

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Kadambi, Rupasri. "Analysis of data mining techniques for customer segmentation and predictive modeling a case study /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Dept. of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references.

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5

Yan, Ping. "SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DATA ANALYTICS AND CONSUMER SHOPPING BEHAVIOR MODELING". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195232.

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RFID technologies are being recently adopted in the retail space tracking consumer in-store movements. The RFID-collected data are location sensitive and constantly updated as a consumer moves inside a store. By capturing the entire shopping process including the movement path rather than analyzing merely the shopping basket at check-out, the RFID-collected data provide unique and exciting opportunities to study consumer purchase behavior and thus lead to actionable marketing applications.This dissertation research focuses on (a) advancing the representation and management of the RFID-collected shopping path data; (b) analyzing, modeling and predicting customer shopping activities with a spatial pattern discovery approach and a dynamic probabilistic modeling based methodology to enable advanced spatial business intelligence. The spatial pattern discovery approach identifies similar consumers based on a similarity metric between consumer shopping paths. The direct applications of this approach include a novel consumer segmentation methodology and an in-store real-time product recommendation algorithm. A hierarchical decision-theoretic model based on dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) is developed to model consumer in-store shopping activities. This model can be used to predict a shopper's purchase goal in real time, infer her shopping actions, and estimate the exact product she is viewing at a time. We develop an approximate inference algorithm based on particle filters and a learning procedure based on the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to perform filtering and prediction for the network model. The developed models are tested on a real RFID-collected shopping trip dataset with promising results in terms of prediction accuracies of consumer purchase interests.This dissertation contributes to the marketing and information systems literature in several areas. First, it provides empirical insights about the correlation between spatial movement patterns and consumer purchase interests. Such correlation is demonstrated with in-store shopping data, but can be generalized to other marketing contexts such as store visit decisions by consumers and location and category management decisions by a retailer. Second, our study shows the possibility of utilizing consumer in-store movement to predict consumer purchase. The predictive models we developed have the potential to become the base of an intelligent shopping environment where store managers customize marketing efforts to provide location-aware recommendations to consumers as they travel through the store.

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Sun, J. (Jia). "Exploring the factors affecting online consumer behavior in China:case: Taobao". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201811093003.

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With the development of electronic commerce, the number of online consumers increase a lot. Consumers are willing to purchase products online since it has great advantages such as saving time, creating convenience and offering more choices. As the biggest and most innovative retail e-commerce market in the world, China possesses 17% online retailing sales from total retail sales in 2017. As the largest e-commerce site in China, Taobao takes over 80% of the e-commerce market share. The purpose of this thesis is to do in-depth exploration of the factors that affecting online consumer behavior in China. Taobao is selected as the case of online shopping platform. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the existing articles related to the factors that affecting online consumer behavior when people do shopping on Taobao. Then a qualitative study was designed to examine the factors in depth. An in-depth interview was organized among 10 Taobao users in order to extent the validity of the research. Qualitative content analysis was used as data analysis method and Nvivo was selected as the analyzing tool. Five categories were classified in both SLR and in-depth interview. The commodity factor was examined as one of the most influential factors. It consists of product quality, price, styles and brands. Factors related sellers including seller’s service quality, seller’s website quality, seller’s commercial credits and online reputation are considered as key factors as well. Social commerce activities such as social media sharing, online reviews, online rating and online forum have significant impacts on online consumer behavior. In addition, web quality and functionality of Taobao and some consumer personal factors including consumer’s mood and perceived risks also play an important role. Consumers’ own requirements, the relationship among Taobao and other software applications and the anti-counterfeiting mechanism of Taobao were three new codes found during the research. In conclusion, commodity factors, factors related to sellers, social commerce activities, web quality and functionality of Taobao and consumer personal factors were found as five categories of factors that affecting online consumer behavior when do shopping on Taobao. Quality of products was considered as the most important one. Three pieces of new codes were added by this study. The limitation of the study was discussed and the direction of future research was pointed out.

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Shen, Hao. "The effects of procedural and declarative knowledge in consumer information processing /". View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MARK%202008%20SHEN.

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Farney, Ryan M. "The Influence Exposure Has on Consumer Behavior". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1251.

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Advertising has been around for thousands of years and has proven to be a valuable asset to company revenue. The methods used in advertising have been examined closely more recently, specifically from a psychological standpoint. The human brain reacts to advertisements in different ways. Low and high involvement advertisements stimulate the brain in the subconscious and conscious state effectively. While each of these advertising methods are useful, complex messaging techniques seem to stimulate recall more effectively than simple messaging. In the age of digital advertising, sponsors look to put new resources to use to ensure paid advertisements are doing their job. With data mining and location based services available, advertisers are getting more in touch with the consumer than ever before. The bombardment of advertising is changing the consumer’s eye for low and high involvement and the advertising industry will be forced to adjust yet again.

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Ketron, Seth Christopher. "Size Framing: Conceptualization and Applications in Consumer Behavior". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011747/.

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Size information is vital in many consumer contexts, but currently, no central framework or conceptual model exists for a thorough understanding of the underlying process of how consumers interpret size information and form size judgments. Thus, the purpose of this three-paper dissertation is to introduce such a framework, discuss future research directions based on that framework, and pursue a few of these directions in the second and third papers, both of which focus on a vanity sizing context. The resulting work and findings illustrate the process through which consumers go in forming size judgments and collectively present both scholars and practitioners with a common basis for future study and implementation of findings in contexts in which size information is salient.

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Yuan, Yuan. "Bayesian Conjoint Analyses with Multi-Category Consumer Panel Data". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin162766827512258.

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11

Liu, Kai. "Detecting stochastic motifs in network and sequence data for human behavior analysis". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/60.

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With the recent advent of Web 2.0, mobile computing, and pervasive sensing technologies, human activities can readily be logged, leaving digital traces of di.erent forms. For instance, human communication activities recorded in online social networks allow user interactions to be represented as “network” data. Also, human daily activities can be tracked in a smart house, where the log of sensor triggering events can be represented as “sequence” data. This thesis research aims to develop computational data mining algorithms using the generative modeling approach to extract salient patterns (motifs) embedded in such network and sequence data, and to apply them for human behavior analysis. Motifs are de.ned as the recurrent over-represented patterns embedded in the data, and have been known to be e.ective for characterizing complex networks. Many motif extraction methods found in the literature assume that a motif is either present or absent. In real practice, such salient patterns can appear partially due to their stochastic nature and/or the presence of noise. Thus, the probabilistic approach is adopted in this thesis to model motifs. For network data, we use a probability matrix to represent a network motif and propose a mixture model to extract network motifs. A component-wise EM algorithm is adopted where the optimal number of stochastic motifs is automatically determined with the help of a minimum message length criterion. Considering also the edge occurrence ordering within a motif, we model a motif as a mixture of .rst-order Markov chains for the extraction. Using a probabilistic approach similar to the one for network motif, an optimal set of stochastic temporal network motifs are extracted. We carried out rigorous experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed motif extraction algorithms using both synthetic data sets and real-world social network data sets and mobile phone usage data sets, and obtained promising results. Also, we found that some of the results can be interpreted using the social balance and social status theories which are well-known in social network analysis. To evaluate the e.ectiveness of adopting stochastic temporal network motifs for not only characterizing human behaviors, we incorporate stochastic temporal network motifs as local structural features into a factor graph model for followee recommendation prediction (essentially a link prediction problem) in online social networks. The proposed motif-based factor graph model is found to outperform signi.cantly the existing state-of-the-art methods for the prediction task. For extract motifs from sequence data, the probabilistic framework proposed for the stochastic temporal network motif extraction is also applicable. One possible way is to make use of the edit distance in the probabilistic framework so that the subsequences with minor ordering variations can .rst be grouped to form the initial set of motif candidates. A mixture model can then be used to determine the optimal set of temporal motifs. We applied this approach to extract sequence motifs from a smart home data set which contains sensor triggering events corresponding to some activities performed by residents in the smart home. The unique behavior extracted for each resident based on the detected motifs is also discussed. Keywords: Stochastic network motifs, .nite mixture models, expectation maximization algorithms, social networks, stochastic temporal network motifs, mixture of Markov chains, human behavior analysis, followee recommendation, signed social networks, activity of daily living, smart environments

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12

Brockwell, Erik. "State and industrial actions to influence consumer behavior". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-93334.

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This thesis consists of an introductory part and three papers. Paper [I] examines how taxes affect consumption of commodities that are detrimental to health and the environment. Specifically, this paper examines if a tax increase leads to a significantly larger change in consumption than a producer price change, which is referred to as the signaling effect from taxation. The analysis uses aggregated cross-sectional time series data and information on major legislation introductions in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom from 1970 to 2009. We find the main result to be that the signaling effect is significant for “Electricity” in Sweden and Denmark and significant for “Electricity” and “Petrol” in the United Kingdom. Paper [II] examines how sin taxation changes long-term consumer behavior regarding commodities which are deemed harmful for both health and the environment. These include tobacco, alcoholic beverages, sugar and confectionary, household energy, and motor fuel. Specifically, we examine the signaling effect from taxation which is seen if a tax increase leads to a significantly larger change in consumption than a producer price change. The empirical analysis is conducted by a US panel data study, during the period 1988-2012 for the four US census regions, using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). We find the main result to be that the signaling effect from taxation is significant for tobacco as well as for electricity and motor fuel. Paper [III] examines state and industry responses on consumption of cigarettes and petroleum in the United States from 1998-2012. Upon facing consumption choices, the consumer faces two competing sets of messages, one from the government and another from the industry. The objective of the state is to steer consumption in the right direction due to the harmful effects from consumption and asymmetric information among consumers. This is done mainly via taxation and state media expenditures. The industry, on the other hand, seeks to incentivize the public to ignore or reject state research and signals as well as maximizing net economic returns. This is mainly done via industry media and lobbying expenditures. We find that the main results indicate, for cigarettes, industrial media and lobbying expenditure is statistically significant on consumption. For petroleum, we find that producer prices, state media expenditure, and industrial lobbying expenditure are statistically significant on consumption.

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13

Lepler, Joerg. "Creating dynamic application behavior for distributed performance analysis". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8201.

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14

Jin, Yun. "Pre-purchase search vs. web surfing effects of internet motives and ad relevance on psychological processing of online ads /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5874.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 29, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Mehar, Sara. "The vehicle as a source and consumer of information : collection, dissemination and data processing for sustainable mobility". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS069/document.

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Aujourd'hui, les véhicules sont devenus de plus en plus sophistiqués, intelligents et connectés. En effet, ils sont équipés de capteurs, radars, GPS, interfaces de communication et capacités de traitement et de stockage élevés. Ils peuvent collecter, traiter et communiquer les informations relatives à leurs conditions de travail et leur environnement formant un réseau véhiculaire. L'intégration des technologies de communication sur les véhicules fait l'objet d'une immense attention de l'industrie, des autorités gouvernementales et des organisations de standardisations; elle a ouvert la voie à des applications innovantes qui vont révolutionner le marché de l'automobile avec les principaux objectifs d'assurer la sécurité sur les routes, augmenter l'efficacité des transports et offrir un confort aux conducteurs et passagers. En outre, le transport est un secteur en évolution active. Des moyens de transport plus durables comme les véhicules électriques s'introduisent progressivement sur le marché de l'automobile tout en créant de nouveaux défis liés à la contrainte énergétique et la protection de l'environnement qui restent à résoudre.De nombreux projets et études ont été initiés exploitant les avantages des technologies de l'information et de communication (TIC) afin de répondre aux différents défis des systèmes de transport. Cependant, avoir des véhicules connectés et coopératifs crée un réseau hautement dynamique caractérisé par des ruptures de lien et de pertes de messages très fréquentes. Pour résoudre ces problèmes de communication, cette thèse se concentre sur deux axes majeurs: (i) le véhicule connecté (ou mobilité connectée) et (ii) la mobilité durable. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, la diffusion, la collecte et l'acheminement de données dans un réseau de véhicule sont adressés. Ainsi, un nouveau protocole de diffusion est proposé afin de faire face à la fragmentation et la connectivité intermittente dans ces réseaux. Ensuite, une nouvelle stratégie de déploiement d'infrastructure de communication est conçue afin d'améliorer la connectivité réseau et l'utilisation des ressources. Enfin, un nouveau protocole de routage, pour applications sensibles au délai, utilisant cette nouvelle infrastructure de communication est proposé. La deuxième partie se concentre sur la mobilité durable avec un focus sur les véhicules électriques et avec un objectif de réduire les problèmes de pollution et d'utiliser efficacement l'énergie. Une nouvelle architecture de gestion de flottes de véhicules électriques est proposée. Cette dernière utilise les protocoles implémentés dans la première partie de cette thèse afin de collecter, traiter et diffuser les données. Elle permet de surmonter les limitations liées à la courte autonomie des batteries des véhicules électriques. Ensuite, pour répondre aux besoins et défis d'équilibre énergétique, un nouveau schéma de déploiement des stations de recharge pour véhicules électriques est proposé. Cette solution permet de satisfaire les demandes des conducteurs en terme d'énergie, tout en tenant compte les capacités énergétiques disponibles
Today, vehicles have become more sophisticated, intelligent and connected. Indeed, they are equipped with sensors, radars, GPS, communication interfaces and high processing and storage capacities. They can collect, process and communicate information related to their working conditions and their environment forming a vehicular network. The incorporation of communication technologies on vehicles garnered a huge attention of industry, government authorities and standardizations organizations and opened the way for innovative applications that revolutionized the automotive market with the main goals to ensure safety on roads, increase transport efficiency and provide comfort to drivers and passengers. In addition, transportation is still an actively evolving sector. More sustainable means of transportation such as electric vehicles are introduced progressively to the automotive market with new challenges related to energy consumption and environment preservation that remain to be solved. Many research investigations and industrial projects are done to exploit the advantages of information and communication technologies (ICT) to fit with transportation challenges. However, having connected and cooperative vehicles creates a highly dynamic network characterized by frequent link breaks and message losses. To cope with these communication limitations, this thesis focuses on two major axis: (i) connected vehicle or connected mobility and (ii) sustainable mobility. In the first part of this thesis, data dissemination, collection and routing in vehicular networks are addressed. Thus, a new dissemination protocol is proposed to deal with frequent network fragmentation and intermittent connectivity in these networks. Then, a new deployment strategy of new communication infrastructure is developed in order to increase network connectivity and enhance the utilization of the network resources. Finally, a new routing protocol, for delay-sensitive applications, that uses the optimized infrastructure deployment is proposed. The second part focuses on sustainable mobility with a focus on electric vehicles and with the main objective is to reduce pollution issues and make better use of energy. A new architecture for electric vehicles fleet management is proposed. This latter uses the implemented protocols of the first part of this thesis in order to collect, process and disseminate data. It helps to overcome the limitations related to short autonomy of electric vehicles. Then, to meet energy balance challenges, a new deployment scheme for electric vehicles charging stations is developed. This solution helps to satisfy drivers’ demands in term of energy while taking into account available resources

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Drummond, John. "Specifying quality of service for distributed systems based upon behavior models". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FDrummond%5FPhD.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Valdes Berzins, Luqi, William Kemple, Mikhail Auguston, Nabendu Chaki. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-240). Also available online.

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Witkowski, Walter Roy 1961. "SIMULATION ROUTINE FOR THE STUDY OF TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276537.

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18

Dahl, Victor, e Marco Österlin. "Impact of GDPR on Data Sharing Behavior of Smart Home Users". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20336.

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The number of connected Internet of Things devices are expected to surpass 30 billion in 2020. The unprecedented levels of personal data sharing are drastically increasing the complexity of privacy challenges. This kindled efforts such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), that came into effect in May 2018 to establish user data rights. These new user data rights have had a considerable impact both for the users, and the data controllers & third-parties that are liable to effectuate the new requirements, such as privacy-by-design and explicit consent. In this thesis, we explore this impact of the GDPR, specifically on self-disclosure of personal data through smart home devices, in order to gain insights for smart home practitioners. In doing so, we specifically want to answer two research questions. Our first research question helps us understand opinions and attitudes, specifically those of Swedish residents. An online survey helps us understand their willingness and fears of adopting smart home devices. In our second research question, we apply a semi-Systematic Literature Review to study how the GDPR has influenced self-disclosure through smart home devices, and which factors have had the most significant effect on its users. The survey (n=131) showed that while trust towards data controllers is the cumulatively highest priority of users, consistent product & service quality was more likely to be the first priority (28%). Some users are struggling to find usefulness for smart home devices, so the perceived benefit is currently mainly exceeding the cost and perceived risk for lead adopters. Since the GDPR came into effect, we have seen a raise in user awareness and perceived control. Notably, this led to increased skepticism towards smart home devices. The literature review showed promise in systems to help negotiate and suggest privacy preferences between users and data controllers. We also found an exacerbation of the concern for information privacy and that trust is a major factor for users when deciding to adopt smart home devices. We conclude that there are some factors that are more important than others, as well as provide insights for smart home practitioners on future venues for research and prototyping.

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Quiñones, Cesar. "Implementation business-to-consumer electronic commerce website using asp.net web programming framework". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2948.

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The purpose of this project is to demonstrate an integration of real world, real time e-commerce with the knowledge and experience gained in participating in the Masters of Business Administration -- Information Management program at California State University, San Bernardino. It is this knowledge and experience that is used to create a Business-To-Consumer (B2C) electronic commerce application (ECA) using available Internet and information management technology. This project presents all aspects of the simulation beginning with the background research of the canine services and supplies industry and ending with an e-commerce simulation and post implementation audit.

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Srinivasan, Karthik K. "Dynamic decision and adjustment processes in commuter behavior under real-time information /". Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Sampath, Vinodh Rajan. "Quantifying scribal behavior : a novel approach to digital paleography". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9429.

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We propose a novel approach for analyzing scribal behavior quantitatively using information about the handwriting of characters. To implement this approach, we develop a computational framework that recovers this information and decomposes the characters into primitives (called strokes) to create a hierarchically structured representation. We then propose a number of intuitive metrics quantifying various facets of scribal behavior, which are derived from the recovered information and character structure. We further propose the use of techniques modeling the generation of handwriting to directly study the changes in writing behavior. We then present a case study in which we use our framework and metrics to analyze the development of four major Indic scripts. We show that our framework and metrics coupled with appropriate statistical methods can provide great insight into scribal behavior by discovering speciﬁc trends and phenomena with quantitative methods. We also illustrate the use of handwriting modeling techniques in this context to study the divergence of the Brahmi script into two daughter scripts. We conduct a user study with domain experts to evaluate our framework and salient results from the case study, and we elaborate on the results of this evaluation. Finally, we present our conclusions and discuss the limitations of our research along with future work that needs to be done.

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Krishnamurthy, Raju Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Prediction of consumer liking from trained sensory panel information: evaluation of artificial neural networks (ANN)". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Sciences & Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40746.

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This study set out to establish artificial neural networks (ANN) as an alternate to regression methods (multiple linear, principal components and partial least squares regression) to predict consumer liking from trained sensory panel data. The study has two parts viz., I) Flavour study - evaluation of ANNs to predict consumer flavour preferences from trained sensory panel data and 2) Fragrance study ??? evaluation of different ANN architectures to predict consumer fragrance liking from trained sensory panel data. In this study, a multi-layer feedforward neural network architecture with input, hidden and output layer(s) was designed. The back-propagation algorithm was utilised in training of neural networks. The network learning parameters such as learning rate and momentum rate were optimised by the grid experiments for a fixed number of learning cycles. In flavour study, ANNs were trained using the trained sensory panel raw data as well as transformed data. The networks trained with sensory panel raw data achieved 98% correct learning, whereas the testing was within the range of 28 -35%. A suitable transformation methods were applied to reduce the variations in trained sensory panel raw data. The networks trained with transformed sensory panel data achieved between 80-90% correct learning and 80-95% correct testing. In fragrance study, ANNs were trained using the trained sensory panel raw data as well as principal component data. The networks trained with sensory panel raw data achieved 100% correct learning, and testing was in a range of 70-94%. Principal component analysis was applied to reduce redundancy in the trained sensory panel data. The networks trained with principal component data achieved about 100% correct learning and 90% correct testing. It was shown that due to its excellent noise tolerance property and ability to predict more than one type of consumer liking using a single model, the ANN approach promises to be an effective modelling tool.

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Gonzalez, Munoz Mario, e Philip Hedström. "Predicting Customer Behavior in E-commerce using Machine Learning". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260269.

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E-handel har varit en snabbt växande sektor de senaste åren och förväntas fortsätta växa i samma takt under de närmsta. Detta har öppnat upp nya möjligheter för företag som försöker sälja sina produkter och tjänster, men det tvingar dem även att utnyttja dessa möjligheter för att vara konkurrenskraftiga. En intressant möjlighet som vi har valt att fokusera detta arbete på är förmågan att använda kunddata, som inte varit tillgänglig i fysiska butiker, till att identifiera mönster i kundbeteenden. Förhoppningsvis ger detta en ökad förståelse för kunderna och gör det möjligt att förutspå framtida beteenden. Vi fokuserade specifikt på att skilja mellan potentiella köpare och faktiska köpare, med avsikt att identifiera nyckelfaktorer som avgör ifall en kund genomför ett köp eller ej. Detta gjorde vi genom att använda Binary Logistic Regression, en algoritm som använder övervakad maskininlärning för att klassificera en observation mellan två klasser. Vi lyckades ta fram en modell som förutsåg om en kund skulle genomföra ett köp eller ej med en noggrannhet på 88%.
E-commerce has been a rapidly growing sector during the last years, and are predicted to continue to grow as fast during the next ones. This has opened up a lot of opportunities for companies trying to sell their products or services, but it is also forcing them to exploit these opportunities before their competitors in order to not fall behind. One interesting opportunity we have chosen to focus this thesis on is the ability to use customer data, that has not been available with physical stores, to identify customer behaviour patterns and develop a better understanding for the customers. Hopefully this makes it possible to predict customer behaviour. We specifically focused on distinguishing possible-buyers from buyers, with the intent of identifying key factors that affect whether the customer performs a purchase or not. We did this using Binary Logistic Regression, a supervised machine learning algorithm that is trained to classify an input observation. We managed to create a model that predicted whether or not a customer was a possible-buyer or buyer with an accuracy of 88%.

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Chan, Sze Man Gabrielle. "Communication strategies used in online complaint communication : effects on customer satisfaction, corporate image and word of mouth communication". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/447.

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25

Kim, Wooyang. "Consumer as Inforagers: Ecological Information Foraging under Information Overload Paradigm - An Integrative Perspective between Darwinism and Non-Darwinism". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/267372.

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Business Administration/Marketing
Ph.D.
The main purpose of this dissertation is to assess ontological issues of information acquisition, focusing on information overload from an integrative perspective of two theoretical foundations, which links two perspectives of consumer behavior in information acquisition: foraging theory in behavioral ecology and information processing theory in marketing. Applying to the integrative investigation, the current research primarily emphasizes the infusion of ecological rationality (i.e., Darwinian Theory) into normative rationality (i.e., Newtonian Theory), but it is not alternative but complementary to each other. Ecological rationality, which is rooted in Darwinism, emphasizes that human behavior has developed through adaptation and natural selection as the human minds interact with environments. The current study consists of five chapters: the philosophical foundation of the rationalities, exploratory study, proposed hypotheses, empirical tests, and general discussion. A summary of the contents of each chapter is: The first chapter aims to provide an integrative framework of consumer information acquisition in order to explore ontological issues in information overload paradigm, attempting to synthesize different approaches in marketing and behavioral ecology. To explore, the current study emphasizes an integrative perspective between two theories for information acquisition (foraging and information processing), which are based on different philosophical foundations of the rationality (ecological and normative). Along with the process of the information acquisition, this study provides relevant consequences (decision-related responses and decision-related alternatives) after the information acquisition process and influential factors in temporal and psychological dimensions (time and motivation). Then, the conceptual study provides conclusion and the current research scope. The second chapter aims to examine the efficacy of the current study's theoretical integration in the process of consumer information foraging so as to approach an ontological issue in information overload paradigm: more information is better vs. less information is better (i.e., information processing theory and foraging theory under an information overload paradigm). Therefore, this study explores and examines what can be appropriate information structures to describe the ontological issue in the process of consumer information foraging. To formulate the adequate information structure, this study attempts to utilize an integrative perspective between marketing and behavioral ecology. This study examines consumers' online activities sequentially from a broad to detail approach, based on the categories of goods and services. The result, by and large, suggests a necessity of an integrative perspective to view a holistic information structure, including quantity, quality, and environment components. These structural components interactively communicate with minds when shaping the process of the consumer information foraging, which are likely to involve in the degree of information overload. Moreover, results demonstrate rather higher variation of strategic information foraging but emphasize some important communality in the initial stage of information foraging, such as the role of search engine and interpersonal communication. In addition, categories of goods and services affect shaping the pattern of strategic information foraging. Then, the conclusion of the study provides. The third chapter aims to propose a hypothetical model, based on the theoretical backgrounds in Chapter 1 and the findings of the exploratory study in Chapter 2. In addition, the pilot study was conducted to provide a concrete framework of the empirical study by checking the manipulation of holistic information structures. The manipulation of the structures includes the total quantity of information, the quality of information, and environmental information. Those structures measured on several resultant consequences, using the patch concepts (within-patch and between-patch). Controversially, in general, consumers tend to prefer more information rather than less information only when arranged information provides; otherwise, this preference attenuates. This controversial result also has conflicting variations, depending on the types of patches. Overall, the comparison in the within-patch and between-patch through displaying heterogeneous information structures suggests that holistic information structures are a more important factor than the mere quantity or quality of information. The fourth chapter empirically tests the theory-based hypothetical frameworks to assess the ontological issues in information overload paradigm using the integrative perspective of the two information acquisition theories. The findings of the empirical study suggest that the real-world information overload is not simply determined by a single dominant factor (e.g., quantity), but by the interplay of intricately intertwined factors. The factors are the following: information structures (three unarranged and four arranged information structures, including quantity, quality and environment), item categories (durables, nondurables and services), and time constraints (time pressure vs. no time pressure). The interwoven complexity implies that paradigmatic change of perspectives in relation with information overload though integrating two important conceptual factors between domain-specific dependency and universality. Moreover, the information overload begins with the browsing stage of acquiring the necessary information, not with the searching stage, suggesting the view of browsing-searching continuum that underscores the important role of the patch concept. As a whole, the conclusive findings suggest an integrative perspective between Darwinism and Non-Darwinism as a prerequisite of providing a better comprehension of the issues of the information overload paradigm. The fifth chapter is the section of general discussion including major findings, theoretical, methodological and empirical implications, limitations, and conclusive statement.
Temple University--Theses

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Krishen, Anjala Selena. "When Comparison Becomes Contrast: Choice in an Oppositional Framework". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26533.

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In this dissertation, I propose that there are multiple factors, such as the education process and the consumption environment, which work to simultaneously create an opposition framework. People are constantly exposed to rival products, which are positioned to be opposites even when they are often extremely similar in chemical content and physical appearance. Thus, the implications of the recency-frequency model of activation (Higgins, Bargh and Lombardi 1985) would be that these proximal factors could, in some sense, prime dichotomous thinking. Dichotomous or oppositional thinking, as it is defined in this dissertation, pertains to the flattening of dimensions present in a choice set such that the items can be graphically depicted at two ends of one dimension (see Figure 2 and Figure 3). I will first explore the impact of a dichotomous mindset on making a decision and then expand to the realm of opposition in choice set structures.
Ph. D.

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Dousa, Robin, e Alexander Pers. "Business Intelligence - det stora kartläggningspusslet : En studie om insamling och analys av konsumentinformation i livsmedelsbranschen". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-26241.

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Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur företag, med hjälp av den moderna alltmer avancerade och utvecklade teknologin, systematiskt kartlägger konsumenternas köpbeteenden, genom s.k. business intelligence. Uppsatsen ämnar ta reda på hur teknologin appliceras hos företag samt hur och i vilken mån den data som samlas in används för att få konsumenter till önskade köpbeslut. Teori: Arbetets teoretiska kärna utgörs dels av ett teoretiskt ramverk, i vilket redogörs för business intelligence, samt ett avsnitt där teorier om konsumenternas köpbeteende presenteras. Metod: Arbetet har sin metodologiska utgångspunkt i en kvalitativ forskningsansats där fokus ligger på semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna har ett djupgående angreppssätt används. Empiri: Intervjuer med respondenter, i form av ämnesspecifik expertis, från IBM Sverige, HUI Research och Coop Sverige AB har genomförts. Resultat: Resultatet som presenteras i undersökningen visar på att konsumentförståelse i huvudsak genereras ur kundkortsdatan vilken fungerar som såväl informationsinsamlare som relationsskapare. Utöver det finns det ett växande intresse för kartläggning av rörelsemönster i butik. Vidare påvisar resultatet att det föreligger en problematik vad gäller resursutnyttjandet av data vilket främst grundar sig på att företag inte förmår att utnyttja den insamlade datan på effektivt sätt, något som bl.a. förklaras av såväl en resurs- som integritetsmässig problematik. Slutsats: Studien visar att den teknologiska utvecklingen har medgett en datainsamling större än vad som i många fall kan hanteras och utnyttjas på ett för verksamheter och organisationer maximalt sätt. Företag utnyttjar inte den data de har tillgång till i proportion till den kapacitet som de teknologiska verktyg man har för datainsamling besitter.
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine how companies, with the help of advanced and developed technology, are able to understand consumer buying behavior through so called business intelligence. The purpose is also to find out how this technology is applied within the companies and the extent to which data is gathered in order to lead get consumers to desired purchasing decisions Theory: The theoretical core consists partly of a theoretical framework that describes business intelligence, as well as a section in which theories of consumer buying behavior is presented. Method: The thesis has its methodological basis on a qualitative research approach where focus is pointed at semi-structured interviews. A profound approach has been used to answer the research question. Data: Interviews has been conducted with topic-specific expertise, the respondents are from the following companies: IBM Sverige, HUI Research and Coop Sverige AB. Result: The results presented in the thesis show that the understanding companies have of consumer behavior mainly are extracted from data that loyalty cards can produce. The information from these cards can be collected in order to build a better relationship with the customers. Beyond that, there is a growing interest in identifying patterns of customer movement in stores. Furthermore, the results indicate that there is a problem concerning utilization of data resource, which mainly is based on the fact that companies are not able to utilize the data collected in an efficient manner which partly can be explained by problems concerning effective utilization of resources as well as the privacy concerns of customers. Conclusion: The study shows that technological improvements have made it possible to obtain a larger amount of data than most companies are able to utilize in an efficient way. Companies do not use the data they have access to in proportion to the capacity of the technological tools the companies possesses making it possible to obtain large amount of data.

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VASCONCELOS, IGOR OLIVEIRA. "A MOBILE AND ONLINE OUTLIER DETECTION OVER MULTIPLE DATA STREAMS: A COMPLEX EVENT PROCESSING APPROACH FOR DRIVING BEHAVIOR DETECTION". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30648@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Dirigir é uma tarefa diária que permite uma locomoção mais rápida e mais confortável, no entanto, mais da metade dos acidentes fatais estão relacionados à imprudência. Manobras imprudentes podem ser detectadas com boa precisão, analisando dados relativos à interação motorista-veículo, por exemplo, curvas, aceleração e desaceleração abruptas. Embora existam algoritmos para detecção online de anomalias, estes normalmente são projetados para serem executados em computadores com grande poder computacional. Além disso, geralmente visam escala através da computação paralela, computação em grid ou computação em nuvem. Esta tese apresenta uma abordagem baseada em complex event processing para a detecção online de anomalias e classificação do comportamento de condução. Além disso, objetivamos identificar se dispositivos móveis com poder computacional limitado, como os smartphones, podem ser usados para uma detecção online do comportamento de condução. Para isso, modelamos e avaliamos três algoritmos de detecção online de anomalia no paradigma de processamento de fluxos de dados, que recebem os dados dos sensores do smartphone e dos sensores à bordo do veículo como entrada. As vantagens que o processamento de fluxos de dados proporciona reside no fato de que este reduz a quantidade de dados transmitidos do dispositivo móvel para servidores/nuvem, bem como se reduz o consumo de energia/bateria devido à transmissão de dados dos sensores e possibilidade de operação mesmo se o dispositivo móvel estiver desconectado. Para classificar os motoristas, um mecanismo estatístico utilizado na mineração de documentos que avalia a importância de uma palavra em uma coleção de documentos, denominada frequência de documento inversa, foi adaptado para identificar a importância de uma anomalia em um fluxo de dados, e avaliar quantitativamente o grau de prudência ou imprudência das manobras dos motoristas. Finalmente, uma avaliação da abordagem (usando o algoritmo que obteve melhor resultado na primeira etapa) foi realizada através de um estudo de caso do comportamento de condução de 25 motoristas em cenário real. Os resultados mostram uma acurácia de classificação de 84 por cento e um tempo médio de processamento de 100 milissegundos.
Driving is a daily task that allows individuals to travel faster and more comfortably, however, more than half of fatal crashes are related to recklessness driving behaviors. Reckless maneuvers can be detected with accuracy by analyzing data related to driver-vehicle interactions, abrupt turns, acceleration, and deceleration, for instance. Although there are algorithms for online anomaly detection, they are usually designed to run on computers with high computational power. In addition, they typically target scale through parallel computing, grid computing, or cloud computing. This thesis presents an online anomaly detection approach based on complex event processing to enable driving behavior classification. In addition, we investigate if mobile devices with limited computational power, such as smartphones, can be used for online detection of driving behavior. To do so, we first model and evaluate three online anomaly detection algorithms in the data stream processing paradigm, which receive data from the smartphone and the in-vehicle embedded sensors as input. The advantages that stream processing provides lies in the fact that reduce the amount of data transmitted from the mobile device to servers/the cloud, as well as reduce the energy/battery usage due to transmission of sensor data and possibility to operate even if the mobile device is disconnected. To classify the drivers, a statistical mechanism used in document mining that evaluates the importance of a word in a collection of documents, called inverse document frequency, has been adapted to identify the importance of an anomaly in a data stream, and then quantitatively evaluate how cautious or reckless drivers maneuvers are. Finally, an evaluation of the approach (using the algorithm that achieved better result in the first step) was carried out through a case study of the 25 drivers driving behavior. The results show an accuracy of 84 percent and an average processing time of 100 milliseconds.

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Navarro, Cota Juan Pedro Martin 1963. "DESIGN AND BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITE SPACE TRUSSES". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276505.

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A fully automated computer program is developed for the optimum design of steel space trusses acting compositely with a concrete slab placed on top. The program sizes the truss members to meet the requirements of the load and resistance factor design specification of the American Institute of Steel Construction using the load combinations of ANSI. Earthquake loading is not considered. The optimum size is based on minimum cost, regarding the amount of welding required at the joints and of the member itself. The total cost is based on all steel work in the truss. Once the truss configuration has been defined, and it has been ensured that linear elastic behavior exists, the structure is analyzed for the construction process, to make sure that no overstressing will take place in any structural element at any time during construction and service. The analysis and design principles are presented and an actual design case is solved. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

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Igboayaka, Jane-Vivian Chinelo Ezinne. "Using Social Media Networks for Measuring Consumer Confidence: Problems, Issues and Prospects". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32341.

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This research examines the confluence of consumers’ use of social media to share information with the ever-present need for innovative research that yields insight into consumers’ economic decisions. Social media networks have become ubiquitous in the new millennium. These networks, including, among others: Facebook, Twitter, Blog, and Reddit, are brimming with conversations on an expansive array of topics between people, private and public organizations, governments and global institutions. Preliminary findings from initial research confirms the existence of online conversations and posts related to matters of personal finance and consumers’ economic outlook. Meanwhile, the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) continues to make headline news. The issue of consumer confidence (or sentiment) in anticipating future economic activity generates significant interest from major players in the news media industry, who scrutinize its every detail and report its implications for key players in the economy. Though the CCI originated in the United States in 1946, variants of the survey are now used to track and measure consumer confidence in nations worldwide. In light of the fact that the CCI is a quantified representation of consumer sentiments, it is possible that the level of confidence consumers have in the economy could be deduced by tracking the sentiments or opinions they express in social media posts. Systematic study of these posts could then be transformed into insights that could improve the accuracy of an index like the CCI. Herein lies the focus of the current research—to analyze the attributes of data from social media posts, in order to assess their capacity to generate insights that are novel and/or complementary to traditional CCI methods. The link between data gained from social media and the survey-based CCI is perhaps not an obvious one. But our research will use a data extraction tool called NetBase Insight Workbench to mine data from the social media networks and then apply natural language processing to analyze the social media content. Also, KH Coder software will be used to perform a set of statistical analyses on samples of social media posts to examine the co-occurrence and clustering of words. The findings will be used to expose the strengths and weaknesses of the data and to assess the validity and cohesion of the NetBase data extraction tool and its suitability for future research. In conclusion, our research findings support the analysis of opinions expressed in social media posts as a complement to traditional survey-based CCI approaches. Our findings also identified a key weakness with regards to the degree of ‘noisiness’ of the data. Although this could be attributed to the ‘modeling’ error of the data mining tool, there is room for improvement in the area of association—of discerning the context and intention of posts in online conversations.

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Felgentreff, Tim, Alan Borning e Robert Hirschfeld. "Babelsberg : specifying and solving constraints on object behavior". Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6729/.

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Constraints allow developers to specify desired properties of systems in a number of domains, and have those properties be maintained automatically. This results in compact, declarative code, avoiding scattered code to check and imperatively re-satisfy invariants. Despite these advantages, constraint programming is not yet widespread, with standard imperative programming still the norm. There is a long history of research on integrating constraint programming with the imperative paradigm. However, this integration typically does not unify the constructs for encapsulation and abstraction from both paradigms. This impedes re-use of modules, as client code written in one paradigm can only use modules written to support that paradigm. Modules require redundant definitions if they are to be used in both paradigms. We present a language – Babelsberg – that unifies the constructs for en- capsulation and abstraction by using only object-oriented method definitions for both declarative and imperative code. Our prototype – Babelsberg/R – is an extension to Ruby, and continues to support Ruby’s object-oriented se- mantics. It allows programmers to add constraints to existing Ruby programs in incremental steps by placing them on the results of normal object-oriented message sends. It is implemented by modifying a state-of-the-art Ruby virtual machine. The performance of standard object-oriented code without con- straints is only modestly impacted, with typically less than 10% overhead compared with the unmodified virtual machine. Furthermore, our architec- ture for adding multiple constraint solvers allows Babelsberg to deal with constraints in a variety of domains. We argue that our approach provides a useful step toward making con- straint solving a generic tool for object-oriented programmers. We also provide example applications, written in our Ruby-based implementation, which use constraints in a variety of application domains, including interactive graphics, circuit simulations, data streaming with both hard and soft constraints on performance, and configuration file Management.
Constraints – Beschränkungen und Abhängigkeiten zwischen Systemteilen – erlauben es Entwicklern, erwünschte Eigenschaften von Systemen zu spezifizieren, sodass diese automatisch sichergestellt werden. Das führt zu kompaktem, deklarativem Quelltext, und vermeidet verstreute Anweisungen, die wiederholt Invarianten prüfen und wiederherstellen müssen. Trotz dieser Vorteile ist Programmieren mit Constraints nicht verbreitet, sondern imperatives Programmieren die Norm. Es gibt eine lange Forschungsgeschichte zur Integration von Constraints mit imperativem Programmieren. Jedoch vereinheitlicht diese Integration nicht die Programmierkonstrukte zur Abstraktion und Kapselung beider Paradigmen. Das verhindert die Wiederverwendung von Modulen, da Quelltext, der in einem Paradigma geschrieben wurde, nur Module verwenden kann, die so geschrieben sind, dass sie dieses Paradigma unterstützen. Module benötigen daher redundante Definitionen, wenn sie in beiden Paradigmen zur Verfügung stehen sollen. Wir präsentieren hier eine Sprache – Babelsberg – welche die Konstrukte zur Abstraktion und Kapselung vereinheitlicht, indem sie bekannte objektorientierte Methodendefinitionen sowohl für deklarativen, als auch für imperativen Code verwendet. Unser Prototyp –Babelsberg/R – ist eine Erweiterung von Ruby, und unterstützt Rubys objektorientierte Semantik. Dieser erlaubt es Programmieren, Constraints schrittweise zu existierenden Ruby Programmen hinzuzufügen, indem diese auf den Ergebnissen von Methodenaufrufen deklariert werden. Der Prototyp ist auf Basis einer virtuellen Maschine für Ruby implementiert, wobei die Ausführungsgeschwindigkeit von objektorienterten Programmteilen ohne Constraints nur minimal – typischerweise weniger als 10% – beeinträchtigt wird. Weiterhin erlaubt es unsere Architektur, je nach Anwendungsfall, mehrere Lösungsalgorithmen für Constraints zu verwenden. Wir argumentieren, dass unser Ansatz einen nützlichen Schritt darstellt, um Programmieren mit Constraints zu einem allgemeinen Werkzeug für objektorientierte Programmierer zu machen. Wir zeigen Beispielanwendungen, die unserer Ruby-basierten Implementierung geschrieben sind, welche Constraints in einer Reihe von Anwendungen verwenden: Für interaktive Grafik, Schaltkreissimulation, Datenströme mit sowohl harten, als auch weichen Constraints bezüglich ihrer Geschwindigkeit, und Konfigurationsverwaltung.

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Lui, W. C., e 雷永祥. "Flexible authorizations in workflow management systems". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577135.

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Sarma, Bandita. "Towards Resistance Detection in Health Behavior Change Dialogue Systems". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804981/.

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One of the challenges fairly common in motivational interviewing is patient resistance to health behavior change. Hence, automated dialog systems aimed at counseling patients need to be capable of detecting resistance and appropriately altering dialog. This thesis focusses primarily on the development of such a system for automatic identification of patient resistance to behavioral change. This enables the dialogue system to direct the discourse towards a more agreeable ground and helping the patient overcome the obstacles in his or her way to change. This thesis also proposes a dialogue system framework for health behavior change via natural language analysis and generation. The proposed framework facilitates automated motivational interviewing from clinical psychology and involves three broad stages: rapport building and health topic identification, assessment of the patient’s opinion about making a change, and developing a plan. Using this framework patients can be encouraged to reflect on the options available and choose the best for a healthier life.

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Arikan, Erinc. "Attack profiling for DDoS benchmarks". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file Mb., 96 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435821.

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Kao, Ling-Jing. "Data augmentation for latent variables in marketing". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155653751.

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Muhamad, Nazlida. "Muslim consumers' motivation towards Islam and their cognitive processing of performing taboo behaviors". University of Western Australia. Faculty of Business, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0011.

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Although religion is an important cultural force that shapes consumers' values and norms, the taboo stigma attached to the investigation of religion's influences in marketing areas has limited the knowledge about how religion influences consumers' decision-making. This study explored the affect of Muslim motivation in following Islam in their decision-making process to perform behaviors that are subject to Islamic rulings known as fatwa. Three behaviors that are subject to fatwa declarations; smoking, listening to popular music and buying a Coca Cola soft drink, were chosen. Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behaviors, this study examined: 1) If a Muslim's motivation in following Islam is an effect in their cognitive and behavioral responses regarding the fatwa prohibited behaviors. 2) If Muslim motivation in following Islam is an effect in their decision-making in deciding to whether to perform fatwa prohibited behaviors. Based on a Malaysian university student sample, multiple analyses of variance with covariate's (MANCOVA) results show that a Muslim's motivation in following Islam, his or her gender and their interaction have significant effects in their responses in regards to the behaviors. Muslim males, who are extrinsically motivated towards Islam tended to report a greater intention to smoke, buy a Coca Cola soft drink and tended to report they experienced more social pressure to smoke as compared to others. Nonetheless, SEM analysis found that the sample's responses on items related to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) about buying a Coca Cola soft drink brand did not fit the model. Other unaccounted for factors that may be related to the Muslims' decision-making about the product, such as possible consumer animosity, was not captured in the survey. The samples responses on smoking and listening to popular music provided a good fit to the model proposed. ii This study found that the Muslim respondents' motivation in following Islam had an effect on the role of perceived social pressure in their planning to smoke, and on the role of perceived social pressure in their planning to listen to popular music. Respondents' motivation in following Islam also had an effect on the role of perception of control in their reported smoking and listening to popular music. The intrinsically motivated Muslim consumers tended to be more concerned about others approval in their deciding to smoke and to listen to popular music, than the average extrinsic respondents. The intrinsic Muslim respondents also tended to perceive having incomplete control over smoking and listening to popular music, compared to their extrinsic counterparts. Respondents' attitudes towards smoking and listening to popular music were found to be not relevant in respondents' decision-making to perform the behaviors. This study also found evidence for the effect of type of fatwa prohibition ruling in Muslim respondents' responses and decision-making to perform behaviors in this study. Findings from this study suggest a significant effect of fatwa rulings on products or behaviors, among the sample of young Malaysian Muslim respondents. The findings highlight the needs for marketers to understand nature of fatwa rulings on products, in order to win over Muslim consumers in the marketplace.

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De, Luca Ramona. "A cognitive approach to scent marketing: the effect of odor priming and processing dynamics on consumer aesthetic preferences and choices". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20321.

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Academic research on the effect of scent in marketing and consumer behavior have successfully demonstrated how odors improve cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses of consumers in the marketplace. Little attention has been turned to the cognitive mechanism through which scents provide information, and help individuals, and consumers, to attribute a meaning to physical, and psychological phenomena. In this dissertation, I discuss the underlying mechanism through which smell perceptions contribute to consumer decision-making, and preference formation, relying on the connection between smell, cognitive processing, and emotional paths. The dissertation is composed of three articles, which make an initial contribution to scent marketing by exploring the potential of a cognition-based approach to studies on olfaction (Article 1), empirically testing affective and semantic odor priming effects on consumer product and brand choices (Article 2), and empirically demonstrating how olfactory information added to an unscented product contribute to aesthetic preferences formation and processing style (Article 3). In particular, Article 1 consists of a systematic review of the most relevant studies on olfaction published from 1992 to 2017 and presents the current theories and approaches to the investigation of scent effects on consumer behavior, as well as introduces the opportunity of applying a cognitive-based approach to scent marketing studies. The article 2 contributes to olfactory priming literature demonstrating that the incidental exposure to an odor may non-consciously activate information which regulates consumer’s choice of products and brands. Eight experiments demonstrate that odors are primarily perceived through the dimension of their valence and that this process of odor perception and interpretation is an affective-based mechanism (i.e., affective priming) rather than associative-based (i.e., semantic priming). Article 3 explores how olfactory cues added to an unscented product (e.g., pencil) contribute to developing consumers’ aesthetic preferences for the product. I empirically test the PIA Model (Pleasure and Interest Model for Aesthetic Liking) in four experiments and demonstrated that olfactory information is processed across the two routes of heuristic and systematic processing simultaneous, whereas attribute-based information is processed primarily heuristically and then systematically. The final chapter presents the implications that a cognitive-based approach may provide to researchers, managers, and public policies makers to advance in scent marketing theory and practice.
Pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o efeito do cheiro nas áreas de marketing e de comportamento do consumidor demonstram com sucesso como os odores melhoram as respostas cognitivas, afetivas e comportamentais dos consumidores no mercado. Nesta tese discute-se o mecanismo subjacente pelo qual as percepções do cheiro contribuem para a tomada de decisão do consumidor e a formação de preferências, dependendo da conexão entre cheiro, processamento cognitivo e pistas emocionais. A tese, composta de três artigos, faz uma contribuição inicial para o marketing sensorial, explorando o potencial de uma abordagem baseada em cognição para estudos de marketing olfativo (Artigo 1), testando empiricamente os efeitos do odor priming afetivo e semântico nas escolhas dos consumidores para produtos e marcas (Artigo 2); e demonstrando empiricamente como as informações olfativas adicionadas a um produto cujo cheiro não representa um atributo central para sua avaliação, regulam a formação das preferências estéticas e o estilo de processamento (Artigo 3). O Artigo 1 consiste em uma revisão sistemática dos estudos mais relevantes sobre o olfato, apresentando as teorias e as abordagens mais utilizadas para a investigação dos efeitos do cheiro sobre o comportamento do consumidor, bem como introduz a oportunidade de aplicar uma abordagem cognitivista aos estudos de marketing olfativo. O Artigo 2 contribui para a literatura demonstrando que a exposição incidental a um odor pode ativar inconscientemente uma informação capaz de regular a escolha do consumidor de produtos e marcas. Oito experimentos demonstram que os odores são percebidos principalmente pela dimensão de sua valência (ou seja, agradável ou desagradável) e que esse processo de percepção e interpretação de um cheiro é um mecanismo afetivo (affective priming) e não associativo (semantic priming). O Artigo 3 explora como os cheiros adicionados a um produto cujo aroma não é um atributo central para sua avaliação, contribuem para o desenvolvimento das preferências estéticas dos consumidores para o produto. Quatro experimentos testam empiricamente o modelo PIA (Modelo de Prazer e Interesse), demonstrando que a informação olfativa é processada simultaneamente nas duas de processamento heurístico e sistemático, enquanto que a informação baseada em atributos é processada primeiramente de forma heurística e depois de forma sistemática. O capítulo final da tese apresenta as implicações que uma abordagem cognitiva pode fornecer aos pesquisadores, aos gestores de marketing e aos gerentes de políticas públicas para avançar na teoria e na prática de marketing olfativo.

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Edin, Malin. "Persuasive Advertising : Consumers' views of and responses to the advertising of health-related products". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18260.

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The problem that this thesis deals with is that the intense competition and increasing consumer power in the health industry calls for the operating companies to take consumers’ considerations into account when advertising their products. It is further suggested that consumers will be extra careful before buying health-related products due to their direct effect on their personal health. Thus, companies selling health-related products must gain an understanding of how consumers form their judgments of the advertisements for the same in order to be able to create persuasive and thus effective advertisements. The purpose of this thesis is to understand consumers’ views of different persuasion strategies used for advertising health-related products and how these affect their willingness to purchase the advertised product. This will be done as a means to provide the concerned companies with a basis for how to create positively perceived, yet effective, advertisements. In order to fulfill the purpose of this thesis a qualitative study was conducted through the use of focus groups. During the focus groups the participants were, among other things, encouraged to discuss their views of three different advertisements for health-related products. Each advertisement represented one persuasion strategy used in the advertising of health-related products. The gathered data was interpreted and analyzed by comparing it with theories from previous research. The study shows that consumers require extensive information and strong evidence behind the arguments provided in advertisements for health-related products. Advertisements that communicate consequences that correspond to consumers’ existing beliefs are likely to be positively perceived. Conversely, if the communicated consequences contradict consumers’ beliefs their responses are likely to be negative. Consumers that are more informed in regards to the products are more likely to critically judge the advertisements for the same. The likelihood that consumers’ attitudes will be reflected in their behavior increases along with the strength of their attitudes.

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Trümper, Jonas. "Visualization techniques for the analysis of software behavior and related structures". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7214/.

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Software maintenance encompasses any changes made to a software system after its initial deployment and is thereby one of the key phases in the typical software-engineering lifecycle. In software maintenance, we primarily need to understand structural and behavioral aspects, which are difficult to obtain, e.g., by code reading. Software analysis is therefore a vital tool for maintaining these systems: It provides - the preferably automated - means to extract and evaluate information from their artifacts such as software structure, runtime behavior, and related processes. However, such analysis typically results in massive raw data, so that even experienced engineers face difficulties directly examining, assessing, and understanding these data. Among other things, they require tools with which to explore the data if no clear question can be formulated beforehand. For this, software analysis and visualization provide its users with powerful interactive means. These enable the automation of tasks and, particularly, the acquisition of valuable and actionable insights into the raw data. For instance, one means for exploring runtime behavior is trace visualization. This thesis aims at extending and improving the tool set for visual software analysis by concentrating on several open challenges in the fields of dynamic and static analysis of software systems. This work develops a series of concepts and tools for the exploratory visualization of the respective data to support users in finding and retrieving information on the system artifacts concerned. This is a difficult task, due to the lack of appropriate visualization metaphors; in particular, the visualization of complex runtime behavior poses various questions and challenges of both a technical and conceptual nature. This work focuses on a set of visualization techniques for visually representing control-flow related aspects of software traces from shared-memory software systems: A trace-visualization concept based on icicle plots aids in understanding both single-threaded as well as multi-threaded runtime behavior on the function level. The concept’s extensibility further allows the visualization and analysis of specific aspects of multi-threading such as synchronization, the correlation of such traces with data from static software analysis, and a comparison between traces. Moreover, complementary techniques for simultaneously analyzing system structures and the evolution of related attributes are proposed. These aim at facilitating long-term planning of software architecture and supporting management decisions in software projects by extensions to the circular-bundle-view technique: An extension to 3-dimensional space allows for the use of additional variables simultaneously; interaction techniques allow for the modification of structures in a visual manner. The concepts and techniques presented here are generic and, as such, can be applied beyond software analysis for the visualization of similarly structured data. The techniques' practicability is demonstrated by several qualitative studies using subject data from industry-scale software systems. The studies provide initial evidence that the techniques' application yields useful insights into the subject data and its interrelationships in several scenarios.
Die Softwarewartung umfasst alle Änderungen an einem Softwaresystem nach dessen initialer Bereitstellung und stellt damit eine der wesentlichen Phasen im typischen Softwarelebenszyklus dar. In der Softwarewartung müssen wir insbesondere strukturelle und verhaltensbezogene Aspekte verstehen, welche z.B. alleine durch Lesen von Quelltext schwer herzuleiten sind. Die Softwareanalyse ist daher ein unverzichtbares Werkzeug zur Wartung solcher Systeme: Sie bietet - vorzugsweise automatisierte - Mittel, um Informationen über deren Artefakte, wie Softwarestruktur, Laufzeitverhalten und verwandte Prozesse, zu extrahieren und zu evaluieren. Eine solche Analyse resultiert jedoch typischerweise in großen und größten Rohdaten, die selbst erfahrene Softwareingenieure direkt nur schwer untersuchen, bewerten und verstehen können. Unter Anderem dann, wenn vorab keine klare Frage formulierbar ist, benötigen sie Werkzeuge, um diese Daten zu erforschen. Hierfür bietet die Softwareanalyse und Visualisierung ihren Nutzern leistungsstarke, interaktive Mittel. Diese ermöglichen es Aufgaben zu automatisieren und insbesondere wertvolle und belastbare Einsichten aus den Rohdaten zu erlangen. Beispielsweise ist die Visualisierung von Software-Traces ein Mittel, um das Laufzeitverhalten eines Systems zu ergründen. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, den "Werkzeugkasten" der visuellen Softwareanalyse zu erweitern und zu verbessern, indem sie sich auf bestimmte, offene Herausforderungen in den Bereichen der dynamischen und statischen Analyse von Softwaresystemen konzentriert. Die Arbeit entwickelt eine Reihe von Konzepten und Werkzeugen für die explorative Visualisierung der entsprechenden Daten, um Nutzer darin zu unterstützen, Informationen über betroffene Systemartefakte zu lokalisieren und zu verstehen. Da es insbesondere an geeigneten Visualisierungsmetaphern mangelt, ist dies eine schwierige Aufgabe. Es bestehen, insbesondere bei komplexen Softwaresystemen, verschiedenste offene technische sowie konzeptionelle Fragestellungen und Herausforderungen. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf Techniken zur visuellen Darstellung kontrollflussbezogener Aspekte aus Software-Traces von Shared-Memory Softwaresystemen: Ein Trace-Visualisierungskonzept, basierend auf Icicle Plots, unterstützt das Verstehen von single- und multi-threaded Laufzeitverhalten auf Funktionsebene. Die Erweiterbarkeit des Konzepts ermöglicht es zudem spezifische Aspekte des Multi-Threading, wie Synchronisation, zu visualisieren und zu analysieren, derartige Traces mit Daten aus der statischen Softwareanalyse zu korrelieren sowie Traces mit einander zu vergleichen. Darüber hinaus werden komplementäre Techniken für die kombinierte Analyse von Systemstrukturen und der Evolution zugehöriger Eigenschaften vorgestellt. Diese zielen darauf ab, die Langzeitplanung von Softwarearchitekturen und Management-Entscheidungen in Softwareprojekten mittels Erweiterungen an der Circular-Bundle-View-Technik zu unterstützen: Eine Erweiterung auf den 3-dimensionalen Raum ermöglicht es zusätzliche visuelle Variablen zu nutzen; Strukturen können mithilfe von Interaktionstechniken visuell bearbeitet werden. Die gezeigten Techniken und Konzepte sind allgemein verwendbar und lassen sich daher auch jenseits der Softwareanalyse einsetzen, um ähnlich strukturierte Daten zu visualisieren. Mehrere qualitative Studien an Softwaresystemen in industriellem Maßstab stellen die Praktikabilität der Techniken dar. Die Ergebnisse sind erste Belege dafür, dass die Anwendung der Techniken in verschiedenen Szenarien nützliche Einsichten in die untersuchten Daten und deren Zusammenhänge liefert.

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Fullard, Alexandra J. E. "An educational computer programme designed for companies in South Africa to facilitate employee housing assistance". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51594.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: 'Housing' has been addressed as a basic human right. In South Africa this right has become a challenge, which cannot be met by the government alone. It also requires a vast contribution from the broader non-State (private) sector. This includes large companies who need to provide housing assistance to their employees. The aim of this research was to develop an educational computer programme which can be used by companies in their employee housing assistance programmes. The objectives of the research included establishing the extent to which companies provide employee housing assistance; the viability of an educational computer programme; the requirements of companies; criteria and content of a computer programme; and the development and testing of a pilot demonstration module of an educational computer programme for employee housing assistance. Exploratory research was carried out on a sample of 112 companies by means of both postal and telephonic questionnaires. The results of these surveys indicated that 41 of these companies have already established employee housing assistance, providing general information on housing and housing related issues. Most of these companies, however, are only offering financial assistance to their employees without the necessary education and training which should accompany it. A programme which provides these aspects benefits both the company and the employees and should be implemented by many more institutions throughout the country. The main findings of this research, indicated the viability of an educational computer programme and the surveyed companies were positive about using it as part of their employee housing assistance. Throughout the world, computers have proved to offer high-quality interaction and unique learning opportunities to users of varying levels of understanding. They have also demonstrated that they are convenient to use and assist in promoting effective management of time and finances. On the basis of the responses to the survey, essential elements of an educational computer programme for the use of companies in employee housing assistance were identified. A pilot demonstration module was developed using a holistic and didactically sound approach. The development of this educational computer programme, will allow lower income employees to receive beneficial housing assistance at their own pace and level of comprehension and education through an enjoyable and contemporary medium. The results of the initial (but limited) testing of the pilot demonstration module, suggested that there is justification for the further development of the programme and for research to be carried out to examine its effect in the private sector. This research sheds light on the present trends in the provision of employee housing assistance in the private sector and the positive contribution which companies can provide to the housing crisis in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'Behuising' word as 'n basiese reg van die mens beskou. In Suid-Afrika het hierdie reg 'n uitdaging geword wat nie deur die regering alleen aanvaar kan word nie. Dit verg ook 'n groot bydrae van die breër gemeenskap, veral die privaatsektor, en dit sluit groot maatskappye wat behuisingshulp aan hulle werknemers behoort te verskaf, in. Die hoofdoel van hierdie navorsingsprojek was om 'n opvoedkundige rekenaarprogram te ontwikkel wat deur maatskappye as deel van 'n behuisingsondersteuningsprogram aan hulle werknemers gebied kan word. Die doelwitte van die navorsing was onder meer om die mate waartoe maatskappye reeds behuisingsondersteuningsprogramme vir hulle werknemers aanbied, te bepaal. Verder is die lewensvatbaarheid van 'n opvoedkundige rekenaarprogram bepaal, asook die maatskappye se behoefte aan so 'n program. Daar is ook vasgestel wat maatskappye se menings oor die kriteria vir en inhoud van 'n opvoedkundige rekenaarprogram, wat as deel van hulle behuisingsondersteuningsprogram aan werknemers gebied kan word, is. Verkennende navorsing is onderneem met 'n steekproef van 112 maatskappye deur middel van telefoniese- en posvraelyste. Die resultate van hierdie vraelyste het aangedui dat 41 van die maatskappye reeds 'n behuisingsondersteuningsprogram aanbied wat algemene inligting oor behuising en behuisingsverwante aangeleenthede aan die werknemers verskaf. Die meeste van dié maatskappye, wat behuisingsondersteuningsprogramme aanbied, bied egter alleenlik finansiële hulp aan hulle werknemers, sonder die nodige meegaande opvoeding en opleiding. "n Program wat beide finansiële en opvoedkundige hulp aanbied kan maatskappye en werknemers tot voordeel strek en behoort landswyd deur baie meer inrigtings geïmplementeer te word. Die hoofbevindinge van die navorsing het getoon dat die opvoedkundige rekenaarprogram lewensvatbaar is, en die deelnemende maatskappye het bereidwilligheid getoon om so "n program as deel van hulle werknemers se behuisingsondersteuningsprogram in te sluit. Die ontwikkeling van die rekenaarprogram sal dit moontlik maak vir werknemers om op verskillende vlakke van begrip en opvoedingspeil, voordelige behuisingsondersteuning teen hulle eie tempo en deur middel van "n genotvolle en kontemporêre medium te kan ontvang. Dit is wêreldwyd bewys dat rekenaars hoë kwaliteit interaksie en unieke leergeleenthede op alle begripssvlakke kan bied. Daar is ook bewys gelewer dat rekenaars nie net gerieflik is nie, maar ook effektief met die bestuur van tyd en finansies is. Op grond van die vraelys resultate, is noodsaaklike elemente van 'n rekenaargebaseerde behuisingsondersteuningsprogram vir werknemers geïdentifiseer, en "n proefmodule ontwikkel wat gebruik maak van "n holistiese en didakties gesonde benadering. Die uitslae van die eerste (maar beperkte) toetsing van die proefmodule dui daarop dat daar regverdiging is vir die verdere ontwikkeling van die program asook vir navorsing om te bepaal wat die effek van so "n program op die privaatsektor sou wees. Hierdie navorsing het lig gewerp op huidige neigings in die verskaffing van behuisingsondersteuning aan werknemers in die privaatsektor, asook op die positiewe bydrae wat deur maatskappye gelewer kan word tot die oplossing van die behuisingkrisis in Suid-Afrika.

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Tolar, Martin. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process : an empirical examination of Australian data for the period 1976(1) - 1994(2) /". [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030703.130007/index.html.

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Wright, Beverly Darlene. "The impact of data collection methodology and warning labels on adolescents' response factors". restricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08112005-232149/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.
Title from title screen. Naveen Donthu, committee chair; Kenneth Bernhardt, Sevgin Eroglu, Detmar Straub, committee members. Electronic text (154 p. : ill. (some col.)). Description based on contents viewed Apr. 25, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-154).

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Lamborn, Peter C. "January : search based On social insect behavior /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd801.pdf.

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44

Gooch, Steven R. "A METHOD FOR NON-INVASIVE, AUTOMATED BEHAVIOR CLASSIFICATION IN MICE, USING PIEZOELECTRIC PRESSURE SENSORS". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/56.

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While all mammals sleep, the functions and implications of sleep are not well understood, and are a strong area of investigation in the research community. Mice are utilized in many sleep studies, with electroencephalography (EEG) signals widely used for data acquisition and analysis. However, since EEG electrodes must be surgically implanted in the mice, the method is high cost and time intensive. This work presents an extension of a previously researched high throughput, low cost, non-invasive method for mouse behavior detection and classification. A novel hierarchical classifier is presented that classifies behavior states including NREM and REM sleep, as well as active behavior states, using data acquired from a Signal Solutions (Lexington, KY) piezoelectric cage floor system. The NREM/REM classification system presented an 81% agreement with human EEG scorers, indicating a useful, high throughput alternative to the widely used EEG acquisition method.

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Armstrong, Soule Catherine. "Anchors, Norms and Dual Processes: Exploring Decision Making in Pay-What-You-Want Pricing Contexts". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18328.

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The dissertation explores factors influencing consumers' payments in anonymous Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) pricing contexts. Consumers often pay more than zero when given the opportunity to self-determine payments. However, most PWYW research has focused on contexts where the possibility of social influence from a salesperson or clerk is present. I suggest that in anonymous exchange contexts where social pressure does not exist, consumers will nevertheless make voluntary payments greater than zero. The present research explores PWYW in anonymous purchase contexts. Results from eight studies indicate that PWYW payment amounts are affected by heuristics and biases. In Essay 1, the influence of reference price on PWYW payments is explored. Firm-provided external reference prices (ERPs) framed as injunctive norms (e.g., suggested price) and descriptive norms (e.g., average payment) caused anchoring effects on voluntary payments such that those with higher ERPs reported higher payments. Further, ERPs framed as descriptive (vs. injunctive) norms were more predictive of payment amounts, but only when the ERP is high. Recalling internal reference price information is more effortful than simply reacting to a firm-provided price. The possibility that decreased cognitive processing results in higher payments, violating the concept of self-interest primacy, is explored in Essay 2. Four studies manipulate processing styles and demonstrate that when consumers use more effortful cognitive processing, they tend to make lower PWYW payments. These results suggest that consumers are likely to rely on a normal price heuristic when using more superficial processing. The dissertation demonstrates the importance of reference price information and cognitive processing styles when voluntary anonymous payments are made anonymously. PWYW decisions are influenced by the exchange context and how the information is cognitively processed. At a theoretical level, the findings demonstrate that consumers make voluntary payments in the absence of social pressure and that those payments can be predictably influenced by features in the exchange setting. Finally, the research suggests that consumers who exert less cognitive effort in PWYW situations make higher payments. It therefore appears that the first instinct is not to act self-interestedly by making little or no payments, but rather payments seem to be guided by heuristic-based decision making.
2016-09-29

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Oh, Sang Min. "Switching linear dynamic systems with higher-order temporal structure". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29698.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Dellaert, Frank; Committee Co-Chair: Rehg, James; Committee Member: Bobick, Aaron; Committee Member: Essa, Irfan; Committee Member: Smyth, Padhraic. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Höjvall, Christofer. "Detection of physical behavior from thigh worn accelerometer : Validation of a new data processing software that automatically compensates for minor variations in the placement of the accelerometer". Thesis, KTH, Ergonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287457.

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Background: The term physical behavior includes sedentary and non-sedentary everyday physical activities. Objective measurement methods are recommended when sedentary behaviors are to be measured. Data from a thigh worn accelerometer can, together with the Acti4 software, be used to distinguish different physical behaviors. Due to different shapes of thighs and how the accelerometers have been placed on the thighs there is a need to compensate for individual differences in reference angles in respect to gravity. Normally this is done by letting the participants perform a reference position when they stand up and that time is noted in a diary. However, this is very time consuming. One alternative is to automatically estimate the compensation angles from walking episodes in the existing data. Objective: The aim of this study was to validate two new features to the Acti4 software, detection of lying and automatic reference angle generation. Methods: Ten participants underwent a 45-minute standardized protocol, and a 48-hour free-living protocol, with recordings of the different physical behaviors lying, sitting, standing, walking, running, stair walking, and cycling. Video recordings of the standardized protocol, and accelerometer data and diaries together with the participants review of the results from the software from the free-living protocol, has been used to validate the software. Results: During the standardized protocol, the overall accumulated performance of the software to identify the same physical behavior as in the video recordings was 81.1% (sensitivity), 96.7% (specificity) and 94.8% (accuracy). Participants agreed that most identified physical behavior episodes were correct, when reviewing the result from the software. When the two different reference angle generation methods were compared, almost no difference was found in the results of the standardized protocol, neither when comparing total time registered per behavior accumulated for all participants during the free-living protocol. Conclusions: The software may be used in research as a valid tool to measure physical behavior. However, the sensitivity to detect lying and stair walking may vary between individuals. When conducting research with thigh worn accelerometers, researchers may use the easier to use method with automatically generated reference angles instead of the more burdensome method with manually recorded diary annotation.

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Polyvyanyy, Artem. "Structuring process models". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5902/.

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One can fairly adopt the ideas of Donald E. Knuth to conclude that process modeling is both a science and an art. Process modeling does have an aesthetic sense. Similar to composing an opera or writing a novel, process modeling is carried out by humans who undergo creative practices when engineering a process model. Therefore, the very same process can be modeled in a myriad number of ways. Once modeled, processes can be analyzed by employing scientific methods. Usually, process models are formalized as directed graphs, with nodes representing tasks and decisions, and directed arcs describing temporal constraints between the nodes. Common process definition languages, such as Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and Event-driven Process Chain (EPC) allow process analysts to define models with arbitrary complex topologies. The absence of structural constraints supports creativity and productivity, as there is no need to force ideas into a limited amount of available structural patterns. Nevertheless, it is often preferable that models follow certain structural rules. A well-known structural property of process models is (well-)structuredness. A process model is (well-)structured if and only if every node with multiple outgoing arcs (a split) has a corresponding node with multiple incoming arcs (a join), and vice versa, such that the set of nodes between the split and the join induces a single-entry-single-exit (SESE) region; otherwise the process model is unstructured. The motivations for well-structured process models are manifold: (i) Well-structured process models are easier to layout for visual representation as their formalizations are planar graphs. (ii) Well-structured process models are easier to comprehend by humans. (iii) Well-structured process models tend to have fewer errors than unstructured ones and it is less probable to introduce new errors when modifying a well-structured process model. (iv) Well-structured process models are better suited for analysis with many existing formal techniques applicable only for well-structured process models. (v) Well-structured process models are better suited for efficient execution and optimization, e.g., when discovering independent regions of a process model that can be executed concurrently. Consequently, there are process modeling languages that encourage well-structured modeling, e.g., Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) and ADEPT. However, the well-structured process modeling implies some limitations: (i) There exist processes that cannot be formalized as well-structured process models. (ii) There exist processes that when formalized as well-structured process models require a considerable duplication of modeling constructs. Rather than expecting well-structured modeling from start, we advocate for the absence of structural constraints when modeling. Afterwards, automated methods can suggest, upon request and whenever possible, alternative formalizations that are "better" structured, preferably well-structured. In this thesis, we study the problem of automatically transforming process models into equivalent well-structured models. The developed transformations are performed under a strong notion of behavioral equivalence which preserves concurrency. The findings are implemented in a tool, which is publicly available.
Im Sinne der Ideen von Donald E. Knuth ist die Prozessmodellierung sowohl Wissenschaft als auch Kunst. Prozessmodellierung hat immer auch eine ästhetische Dimension. Wie das Komponieren einer Oper oder das Schreiben eines Romans, so stellt auch die Prozessmodellierung einen kreativen Akt eines Individuums dar. Somit kann ein Prozess auf unterschiedlichste Weise modelliert werden. Prozessmodelle können anschließend mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden untersucht werden. Prozessmodelle liegen im Regelfall als gerichtete Graphen vor. Knoten stellen Aktivitäten und Entscheidungspunkte dar, während gerichtete Kanten die temporalen Abhängigkeiten zwischen den Knoten beschreiben. Gängige Prozessmodellierungssprachen, zum Beispiel die Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) und Ereignisgesteuerte Prozessketten (EPK), ermöglichen die Erstellung von Modellen mit einer beliebig komplexen Topologie. Es gibt keine strukturellen Einschränkungen, welche die Kreativität oder Produktivität durch eine begrenzte Anzahl von Modellierungsalternativen einschränken würden. Nichtsdestotrotz ist es oft wünschenswert, dass Modelle bestimmte strukturelle Eigenschaften haben. Ein bekanntes strukturelles Merkmal für Prozessmodelle ist Wohlstrukturiertheit. Ein Prozessmodell ist wohlstrukturiert genau dann, wenn jeder Knoten mit mehreren ausgehenden Kanten (ein Split) einen entsprechenden Knoten mit mehreren eingehenden Kanten (einen Join) hat, und umgekehrt, so dass die Knoten welche zwischen dem Split und dem Join liegen eine single-entry-single-exit (SESE) Region bilden. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so ist das Modell unstrukturiert. Wohlstrukturiertheit ist aufgrund einer Vielzahl von Gründen wünschenswert: (i) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle sind einfacher auszurichten, wenn sie visualisiert werden, da sie planaren Graphen entsprechen. (ii) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle zeichnen sich durch eine höhere Verständlichkeit aus. (iii) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle haben oft weniger Fehler als unstrukturierte Modelle. Auch ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit fehlerhafter Änderungen größer, wenn Modelle unstrukturiert sind. (iv) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle eignen sich besser für die formale Analyse, da viele Techniken nur für wohlstrukturierte Modelle anwendbar sind. (v) Wohlstrukturierte Modelle sind eher für die effiziente Ausführung und Optimierung geeignet, z.B. wenn unabhängige Regionen eines Prozesses für die parallele Ausführung identifiziert werden. Folglich gibt es eine Reihe von Prozessmodellierungssprachen, z.B. die Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) und ADEPT, welche den Modellierer anhalten nur wohlstrukturierte Modelle zu erstellen. Solch wohlstrukturiertes Modellieren impliziert jedoch gewisse Einschränkungen: (i) Es gibt Prozesse, welche nicht mittels wohlstrukturierten Prozessmodellen dargestellt werden können. (ii) Es gibt Prozesse, für welche die wohlstrukturierte Modellierung mit einer erheblichen Vervielfältigung von Modellierungs-konstrukten einhergeht. Aus diesem Grund vertritt diese Arbeit den Standpunkt, dass ohne strukturelle Einschränkungen modelliert werden sollte, anstatt Wohlstrukturiertheit von Beginn an zu verlangen. Anschließend können, sofern gewünscht und wo immer es möglich ist, automatische Methoden Modellierungsalternativen vorschlagen, welche "besser" strukturiert sind, im Idealfall sogar wohlstrukturiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich dem Problem der automatischen Transformation von Prozessmodellen in verhaltensäquivalente wohlstrukturierte Prozessmodelle. Die vorgestellten Transformationen erhalten ein strenges Verhaltensequivalenzkriterium, welches die Parallelität wahrt. Die Resultate sind in einem frei verfügbaren Forschungsprototyp implementiert worden.

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49

Angeles, Rubiños Gianpierre Alberto, Mantari Carlos Nicanor Aspilcueta, Caytuiro Nélida Eliza Jara e Chayña Luis Antonio Turpo. "Aplicación de Data Science en la empresa Partners Technology S. A. C". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655788.

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Abstract (sommario):

El objeto de estudio del presente trabajo es la empresa Partners Technology S. A. C., donde se realizó un exhaustivo análisis interno y externo con el propósito de identificar el problema principal de la organización. Así pues, se determinó que su mayor dificultad es el inadecuado conocimiento de sus clientes. Por esta razón, la investigación se centra en reconocer las variables que influyen en el comportamiento de compra de los usuarios. Para lograr dicho objetivo se empleó la metodología de ciencia de datos mediante un análisis híbrido, es decir, exploratorio y explicativo. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán responder a las preguntas de Data Science formuladas. Es importante mencionar que para la creación de la base de datos utilizada se recurrió a fuentes internas y externas a la compañía, de las cuales se lograron dilucidar las variables que muestran las características de sus clientes. También cabe destacar que se realizó un análisis estadístico de todas las variables cuantitativas con el fin de encontrar correlaciones. De esta forma se hallaron importantes descubrimientos que aportarán valor a la compañía y permitirán el logro de sus objetivos, dado que en el presente trabajo se proponen soluciones al problema señalado y se sugieren las acciones que se deberán adoptar a corto plazo.
The object of study of this work is the company Partners Technology S.A.C. Therefore, an exhaustive internal and external analysis of the company was carrie out in order to identify their main problem. In this sense, it was determined that inadequate knowledge of customers is the greatest difficulty that the organization goes through. For this reason, the objective of this research is to identify the variables that influence the purchasing behavior of Partners Technology. To achieve the proposed objective, the Data Science methodology was develope through a hybrid analysis, that is, exploratory and explanatory. Likewise, the results obtained will allow answering the Data Science questions asked. It is important to mention that, for the creation of the database used in this work, internal and external sources were used from the company Partners Technology S.A.C. Likewise, the selected variables provide characteristics of their clients. It should be noted that a statistical analysis of all quantitative variables was carried out in order to find correlations. In this sense, by Data Science techniques, results were verifie are the main ones. Likewise, important discoveries were found that will add value to the company and enable it to achieve its objectives. This paper proposes solutions to the research problem and suggests actions to be taken in the short term.
Trabajo de investigación

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50

FORLEO, GIANROBERTO. "Digital AgriFood – Conversazioni online e Big Data per lo sviluppo della comunicazione strategica e progettuale del sistema produttivo marchigiano. Abstract". Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11576/2710331.

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Tesi sul tema "Consumer behavior – data processing"

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