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1
Maclennan, Richard Alexander. "Activation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in primary human hepatocytes". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33726/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human populations are at risk of exposure to constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activators present in a range of substances, including pharmaceuticals, plasticizers and crop protection agents. What exposure to CAR activators means for human health is uncertain. Activation of CAR in rodents is associated with liver hyperplasia, increased proliferation and eventual hepatocarcinoma; however the effect in human hepatic cells is unclear. There are two methods by which a compound can achieve activation of CAR; directly or indirectly via cellular signalling pathways. Phenobarbital is a prototypical activator of CAR and does so in an indirect manner via suppression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling. Direct activation of CAR in rodents also causes hepatocellular carcinoma but the human outcome is less clear. We have carried out microarray and miRNA analysis of CITCO (a potent and selective hCAR ligand) treated primary human hepatocytes. To mitigate the well documented effect of primary hepatocyte dedifferentiation primary hepatocytes were cultured in dynamic three dimensional culture in vitro. Gene expression changes indicate that direct activation of hCAR causes the promotion of a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype. The miRNA expression profile is crucially different to rodent data that is currently published. Despite the pro-proliferative phenotype shown there is no evidence that primary human hepatocytes proliferate in response to direct activation of CAR by CITCO. This leaves the possibility that a proliferative response may be observed in vivo or that the changes in gene expression are solely a human physiological adaptation to direct hCAR activation by CITCO and no proliferation would occur. The effect on human health and liver toxicity is unclear but this body of work has provided data that may be used to further understand the mechanistic effects of direct hCAR activation in human hepatocytes. A more complete understanding of this will help to inform the toxic potential of direct hCAR activation in vivo.
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Wu, Yanzhang. "Sensing Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Parameters with a Geometrically Nonlinear Beam: Modeling and Simulation". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40910.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, we present a sensor model comprised of a geometrically nonlinear beam coupled with a nonlinear viscoelastic Pasternak foundation via a distributed system of compliant elements. The governing equations of the system are obtained. By posing an inverse problem, the model is used to simulate the estimation of coupled substrates' material (constitutive) parameters. In the inverse problem, beam deformations are considered as measured parameters, and therefore an eventual hardware implementation would require measurements of these quantities. Different case studies are simulated to assess the robustness and applicability of this sensor model.
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Hai, Lan. "EFFECT OF CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVATED LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR ON THE MOUSE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM". OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1208.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF LAN HAI, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Molecular Cellular and Systemic Physiology, presented on 11th December, 2015 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: EFFECT OF CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVATED LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR ON THE MOUSE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Prema Narayan The luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is crucial for fertility, and genetic mutations in LHCGR cause adverse effects in reproductive development. Among the activating mutations identified in LHCGR, replacement of aspartic acid 578 by glycine (D578G) is the most common inherited mutation. Boys with this mutation undergo puberty by 2-4 years, caused by elevated testosterone in the context of prepubertal luteinizing hormone levels and present with Leydig cell hyperplasia. Clinically, these symptoms are associated with familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Our lab has published a mouse model for FMPP (KiLHRD582G) with D582G mutation equivalent to D578G in human LHCGR. We have previously demonstrated that KiLHRD582G male mice exhibited precocious puberty, Leydig cell hyperplasia and elevated testosterone and was a good model for FMPP. However, unlike women with the D578G mutation who show no abnormal phenotype, our studies revealed that female KiLHRD582G mice were infertile. KiLHRD582G female mice exhibit precocious puberty and irregular estrous cyclicity. A temporal study from 2-24 weeks of age indicated elevated steroid levels and upregulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein as well as several steroidogenic enzyme genes. Ovaries of KiLHRD582G mice exhibited significant pathology with the development of large hemorrhagic cysts as early as 3 weeks of age, extensive stromal cell hyperplasia with luteinization, numerous atretic follicles and granulosa cell tumors. Anovulation could not be rescued by exogenous gonadotropins. The body weights of the KiLHRD582G mice was higher that wild type counterparts, but there were no differences in the body fat composition. Hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary phenotype was not accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance. Blocking the androgen action and estrogen synthesis indicated that reproductive phenotype was primarily due to excess estradiol. These studies demonstrate that activating LHCGR mutations do not produce the same phenotype in humans and mice and clearly illustrates species differences in the expression and regulation of LHCGR in the ovary. As we use male KiLHRD582G mice as breeders, we observed that the KiLHRD582G mice became progressive infertile, and only 8% of KiLHRD582G were fertile at 6 months of age despite normal sperm production. The infertile KiLHRD582G males were not able to form copulatory plugs in WT females, and mating studies suggested that the KiLHRD582G males were not capable of mating and/or ejaculating. Sexual behavioral testing revealed that the infertile KiLHRD582G males were capable of mounting the receptive WT females but were unable to achieve ejaculation indicating a problem with erectile and/or ejaculatory function. To address the reason for the ejaculatory dysfunction, we performed histopathological analysis of the accessory glands and penis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the normal columnar epithelium was replaced by pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the ampulla and several aggregates of chondrocyte metaplasia were apparent in the penile body of KiLHRD582G male mice. A temporal study indicated the histopathological changes in ampulla and penile body initiated at 7-8 and 12 weeks of age, respectively. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the chondrocytes stained positive for collagen type II, SOX9 and androgen receptor in the nucleus and for LHCGR in the cytoplasm. Penile fibrosis is a major cause of erectile dysfunction and is characterized by an increased collagen/smooth muscle ratio. However, our Image J analysis, hydroxyproline assay and western blot showed that KiLHRD582G penile body exhibited reduced levels of smooth muscle actin but similar total collagen content compared to WT mice. Thus, penile fibrosis was not responsible for the progressive infertility of adult KiLHRD582G mice. We also observed Leydig cell adenoma and disruption of spermatogenesis at 1 year of age. Our results suggest FMPP patients may be susceptible to infertility and testicular tumors later in their life and a follow-up study of FMPP patients is recommended.
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De, Vittorio Giancarlo. "Crack measurements in structural concrete with D.I.C. system and validation of a tensile constitutive law". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2048/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Compared with other mature engineering disciplines, fracture mechanics of concrete is still a developing field and very important for structures like bridges subject to dynamic loading. An historical point of view of what done in the field is provided and then the project is presented. The project presents an application of the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique for the detection of cracks at the surface of concrete prisms (500mmx100mmx100mm) subject to flexural loading conditions (Four Point Bending test). The technique provide displacement measurements of the region of interest and from this displacement field information about crack mouth opening (CMOD) are obtained and related to the applied load. The evolution of the fracture process is shown through graphs and graphical maps of the displacement at some step of the loading process. The study shows that it is possible with the DIC system to detect the appearance and evolution of cracks, even before the cracks become visually detectable.
5
Manzerra, Pasquale. "Expression of constitutive hsc70 and stress-inducible hsp70 mRNA and protein in the rabbit central nervous system". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0009/NQ28007.pdf.
Testo completo
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Furlotte, Wesley Joseph. "Unruly Extimacy: The Problem of Nature in Hegel's Final System". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31770.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Concentrating on G.W.F. Hegel’s controversial Naturphilosophie (1830), Part I ventures the following thesis: Hegelian nature is characterized by a “constitutive lack.” Insofar as the natural register lacks the precision and necessity immanent within the dialectical developments of conceptual thought it is capable of radical novelty—the unexpected. This is important: it offers a sense of how the natural register is open to thought and yet, simultaneously, a source of that which has the perpetual possibility of undermining conceptual distinctions and anticipations. The remainder of the project systematically maps what such a conception of nature must mean in terms of Hegel’s concept of spirit (Geist). Consequently, Part II analyzes Hegel’s bizarre account of psychopathology. The central thesis in this context claims that what Hegel’s speculative analysis of ‘madness’ shows us are the ways in which subjectivity might be dominated by its material-instinctual dimension as it unfolds within the unconscious depths of concrete subjectivity. Subjectivity retains the perpetual possibility of regression insofar as it reverts to being materially (maternally) determined strictly by way of externality. Questioning the presupposition of nature’s complete sublation, Part III focuses on Hegel’s political writings. Hegel’s analysis of criminality and punishment allows for the possibility of what we will call “surplus repressive punishment.” A surplus repressive punishment, a brute form of natural external pressure, would constitute spirit’s, i.e. freedom’s, “regressive de-actualization” at both the individual (subjective) and intersubjective (objective, communal) levels. Therefore, surplus repressive punishment, as an expression of spirit’s naturality, serves to undermine spirit’s objective actualization in its entirety. The problem of nature remains very much an active dimension of spirit’s concrete actualization at the socio-political level. The project offers a precise indication of how Hegel’s philosophy of spirit, i.e. his philosophy of freedom, is one intertwined with the problem instantiated by the matrices of nature. Sensitivity to this problem, that there is a problem here, and that Hegel’s system can be pursued to address it is one of the not always recognized merits of his thought. Simultaneously, Hegel’s system becomes surprisingly relevant for our contemporary world insofar as nature remains a problem for our living present.
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Vecchini, Françoise. "Étude de l'expression constitutive et inductible des enzymes de phase I et II dans les cellules épidermiques humaines : mécanisme de la régulation du cytochrome P4501A1". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10450.
Testo completo
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Vecchini, Françoise. "Étude de l'expression constitutive et inductible des enzymes de phase I et II dans les cellules épidermiques humaines : mécanisme de la régulation du cytochrome P4501A1". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN12102.
Testo completo
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Taylor, Zeike Amos. "Patient-specific models of cartilaginous tissues based on laser scanning confocal arthroscopy". University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
[Truncated abstract] An important field of research in orthopaedic biomechanics is the elucidation and mathematical modelling of the mechanical response of cartilaginous tissues. Such research has applications in the understanding of joint function and degenerative processes, as well as in surgical planning and simulation, and engineering of tissue replacements. In the case of surgical and tissue engineering applications especially, patient-specific mechanical properties are highly desirable. Unfortunately, obtaining such information would generally involve destructive mechanical testing of patient tissue, thus rendering the tissue functionally unusable. Development of a laser scanning confocal arthroscope (LSCA) within our School will soon allow non-invasive extraction of 3D microstructural images of cartilaginous tissues in vivo. It is also envisaged that, linked to a suitably formulated constitutive formulation, such information could allow estimation of tissue mechanical response without physical biopsy. This thesis describes the development of techniques to potentially allow non-invasive patient-specific estimation of tissue mechanical response based on confocal arthroscopy data. A microstructural constitutive model is developed which is capable of directly incorporating LSCA-derived patient-specific structural information. A fibre composite type homogenisation approach is used as the basis for the model. ... The result is a series of orientation tensors describing the 3D orientation of linear features in the image stack. The developed analysis techniques are used to estimate fibre volume fraction and orientation distribution for each of the meniscal specimens. The developed constitutive model and image-derived structural parameters are finally used to estimate the reaction force history of two meniscal cartilage specimens subjected to partially confined compression. The predictions are made on the basis of the specimens? individual structural condition as assessed by confocal microscopy and involve no tuning of material parameters. Although the model does not reproduce all features of the experimental curves, as an unfitted estimate of mechanical response the prediction is quite accurate. In light of the obtained results it is judged that more general non-invasive estimation of tissue mechanical properties is possible using the developed framework. The likely limitations and potential areas of improvement are discussed.
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Reis, Martina Costa 1986. "Constitutive modeling of electrochemical systems via the Müller-Liu entropy principle = Modelagem constitutiva de sistemas eletroquímicos através do princípio de entropia Müller-Liu". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249906.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Adalberto Bono Maurizio Sacchi BassiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T02:48:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reis_MartinaCosta_D.pdf: 1200753 bytes, checksum: 9318dbbd02e3d4660c4a6806e68dad7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Este trabalho descreve a termodinâmica de sistemas eletroquímicos. Explorando os princípios da teoria constitutiva, algumas hipóteses ad hoc e, em especial, o princípio de entropia Müller-Liu, modelos termo-eletroquímicos são propostos para soluções eletrolíticas e para as regiões de bulk e dupla camada de um sistema eletroquímico. A influência das interações íon-íon e íon-solvente sobre a dinâmica da mistura é considerada através da termodinâmica de contínuos polares e as equações de balanço são apropriadamente postuladas. Além disso, equações fenomenológicas são apresentadas para uma solução eletrolítica diluída e isotrópica e as condições para o equilíbrio termodinâmico local do bulk e da dupla camada são investigadas. Comparando-se as desigualdades residuais de entropia obtidas para cada região, foi demonstrado que alguns processos, tais como os fenômenos de difusão térmica, termoeletricidade e eletroforese, desenvolvem-se somente na dupla camada. Consequentemente, o estado de equilíbrio termodinâmico local na dupla camada requer condições termodinâmicas mais severas do que no bulk. Apesar das equações constitutivas serem as mais simples possíveis, os modelos constitutivos propostos para as regiões de dupla camada e bulk são fisicamente consistentes e mais abrangentes do que os modelos eletroquímicos usuais, visto que as equações e relações termodinâmicas obtidas não se limitam às condições limites e nem de equilíbrio. Portanto, a descrição termodinâmica mostrada neste trabalho pode estimular químicos e engenheiros químicos a usar a abordagem contínua no estudo da mobilidade iônica em meios bio e geológicos, fluxos de íons e de outras espécies químicas através de membranas e processos cujas transferências de calor e massa são intensificadas por campos eletromagnéticos
Abstract: This work concerns the thermodynamics of electrochemical systems. Exploiting the principles of constitutive theory, few expedient assumptions, and, in special, the Müller-Liu entropy principle, a thermo-electrochemical continuum model is proposed for electrolyte solutions as well as for the bulk and double layer regions of an electrochemical system. The influence of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions on the mixture dynamics is taken into account through the thermodynamics of polar materials and balance laws for an electrochemical system are accordingly stated. In addition, phenomenological equations are schemed for a dilute and isotropic electrolyte solution, and the conditions for local thermodynamic equilibrium of bulk and double layer regions are investigated. Comparing the residual entropy inequalities obtained for each region of an electrochemical system, it is shown that some mechanisms develop only in the double layer, such as the thermal diffusion, thermoelectricity and electrophoresis phenomena. As a consequence, the local thermodynamic equilibrium state in the double layer requires stricter conditions than in the bulk. Although the constitutive equations are the simplest possible, the constitutive models proposed for the double layer and bulk regions are physically consistent and more comprehensive than the usual models since the emerging equations do not constrain themselves to equilibrium neither limiting conditions. Therefore, the thermodynamic description provided in this work may stimulate chemists and chemical engineers to take advantage of it to study the flow of ions and other chemical species across cell membranes, ionic mobility in bio and geological media, and processes whose heat and mass transfers are enhanced by electromagnetic fields
Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutora em Ciências
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Feng, Bo-Kai. "Extracting material constitutive parameters from scattering parameters". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FFeng.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): David C. Jenn and Michael A. Morgan. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62). Also available in print.
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García, Toma Víctor. "The Constitution and the national legal system". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108530.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
By which rules and principles does our sources oflaw system work? What is the relevance of our Constitution and of the Constitutional Court in thematter?In this article, the renowned constitutionalist falls in on these topics with a detailed work, but he also traces a path through our legal system, describing the norms it consists of according to their hierarchyin “the pyramid”.¿Por qué reglas y principios se rige nuestro sistema de fuentes de Derecho? ¿Cuál es la importancia denuestra Constitución y del Tribunal Constitucionalal respecto?En el presente artículo, el renombrado constitucionalista incide sobre estas cuestiones con una detallada exposición, así como también hace un recorrido a través de nuestro sistema jurídico, describiendo las normas que lo componen de acuerdo a su jerarquía en “la pirámide”.
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Cracco, Amélie. "Les cοnséquences du Brexit sur la liberté de circulatiοn des persοnnes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR073.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Conformément à l’engagement pris par le parti conservateur , la victoire du Leave à l’occasion du référendum sur l’appartenance du Royaume-Uni à l’Union européenne a entraîné la mise en œuvre de la procédure prévue à l’article 50 du Traité sur l’Union européenne. Le retrait du Royaume-Uni de l’Union européenne a surtout posé la question de la relation future entre les deux entités. La prééminence dont la libre circulation des personnes a fait l’objet lors de la campagne référendaire a invité Londres à envisager les différents scenarii à l’aune des possibilités offertes en matière de maîtrise des mouvements en provenance des États membres. Elles se ramenaient à une alternative : aménager la libre circulation des personnes en faisant usage des marges de manœuvre que le statut de pays tiers devait permettre de dégager, ou, au contraire, la démanteler. Le premier terme s’accommodait mal de la recherche de souveraineté telle qu’elle a été exprimée lors de la campagne référendaire. À travers la mise en œuvre du second, le gouvernement britannique entendait faire montre de sa capacité à tirer les conséquences du retrait dans le calendrier contraint de la sortie et à normaliser la relation avec l’Union européenne en alignant le traitement des citoyens de l’Union européenne et des membres de leur famille sur le droit commun des étrangers. En l’absence de droits acquis, cette entreprise nécessitait qu’un régime transitoire soit mis en place qui permette aux personnes qui ont exercé leur droit à la libre circulation et dont la situation était en cours de pouvoir continuer à en bénéficier.Au Royaume-Uni, l’alignement sur le droit commun n’a pas été opéré sans que ne soient apportées certaines adaptations. Il a d’abord donné lieu à une libéralisation du système d’immigration qui visait principalement à prémunir le marché de l’emploi dynamique et flexible contre l’apparition de carences qui pourraient le déstabiliser. Mais l’augmentation de l’immigration en provenance de pays tiers à l’Union européenne qui en est résultée a eu pour conséquence de soumettre l’entrée et le séjour des citoyens de l’Union européenne et des membres de leur famille à des conditions qui sont progressivement devenues plus restrictives encore. La logique de réciprocité dans laquelle s’inscrit cet alignement a abouti à un double phénomène : la régression des droits et la redistribution des perspectives de mobilité croisée entre, d’une part, l’Union européenne et ses États membres et, d’autre part, le Royaume-Uni. Malgré l’ambition poursuivie, l’alignement est toutefois demeuré incomplet. Le pragmatisme a en effet commandé de laisser subsister un traitement qui demeure à certains égards préférentiel. Il témoigne d’une volonté de préserver une relation essentiellement commerciale désormais et il connaît une exception notable avec l’Irlande, le Royaume-Uni n’ayant eu de cesse de réaffirmer son attachement à la Zone de voyage communeIn accordance with the commitment made by the conservative party, the Leave victory in the referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union triggered the procedure set out in Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. Above all, the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union raised the question of the future relationship between the two entities. The prominence given to free movement of people during the referendum campaign prompted London to consider the various scenarios in the light of the possibilities offered in terms of controlling movements from Member States. They came down to an alternative: either to adapt free movement of people or to dismantle it. The first option did not fit well with the quest for sovereignty expressed during the campaign. Through the implementation of the second, the British government intended to demonstrate its ability to draw the consequences of withdrawal within the constrained timetable of the exit and to normalise relations with the European Union by bringing the treatment of EU citizens and their family members into line with the ordinary law on foreign nationals. In the absence of acquired rights, this undertaking required a transitional regime to be put in place to enable people who had exercised their right to free movement and whose situation was ongoing to continue to benefit from it.In the United Kingdom, alignment with ordinary law was not achieved without adaptations. It first led to a liberalisation of the immigration system, the main aim of which was to protect the dynamic and flexible labour market from deficiencies that could destabilise it. However, the consecutive increase in immigration from non-EU countries resulted in further restrictions of the conditions that the entry and residence of EU citizens and their family members has been subject to. The logic of reciprocity behind this alignment has led to a twofold phenomenon : loss of rights and redistribution of prospects for cross-mobility between, on the one hand, the European Union and its Member States and, on the other, the United Kingdom. Despite the ambition pursued, alignment has nevertheless remained incomplete. Pragmatism called for a preferential treatment in certain respects, which reflects a desire to preserve an essentially commercial relationship. The case of Ireland, where the United Kingdom has consistently reaffirmed its attachment to the Common Travel Area, is a noteworthy exception
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Al, Khansa Ihab. "Caractérisation des profils de gènes modulés par des hépatocancérogènes non génotoxiques : études in vivo et in vitro chez le rat". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1B138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
De nombreuses molécules chimiques non génotoxiques peuvent induire des tumeurs du foie. Actuellement les études réglementaires de cancérogénèse durent 2 ans pour le rat : ceci est long, coûteux et présente des problèmes éthiques. Des auteurs ont proposé de nouvelles stratégies de prédiction des propriétés cancérogènes des molécules chimiques, basées notamment sur l’identification de signatures multigéniques en utilisant des puces à ADN après des traitements à court terme. Parmi les hépatocancérogènes non génotoxiques on trouve des activateurs des récepteurs nucléaires CAR et PXR. In vivo, après 7 jours, l’analyse des gènes induits ou réprimés par les activateurs de CAR et de PXR, a permis de retrouver des gènes attendus mais aussi d’identifier des familles de gènes importants dans les processus de cancérisation. Les signatures multigéniques obtenues ont permis de distinguer les activateurs CAR et PXR et les molécules non activatrices de CAR/PXR et non cancérogènes. En résumé, notre étude confirme l’intérêt du concept de prédiction et de classification des molécules cancérogènes ou non, sur la base d’études à court terme in vivo et montre, en revanche, la nécessité d’affiner l’approche in vitro LiverbeadsLiver tumors are frequently induced in rodents by nongenotoxic chemicals. These hepatocarcinogens generally act by activating key nuclear receptors, such as CAR and PXR, in the liver, resulting in a cascade of signalization leading to modifications in the expression of genes responsible for a variety of processes involved in carcinogenesis. For the evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of chemicals, a 2-year rat bioassay is required. Recently, several short-term in vivo and in vitro technologies, including the transcriptomic approach, have been proposed as alternatives to this time-consuming and very expensive assay. In the present study we treated rats for 7 days and Liverbeads™ for 48 hr with several CAR and PXR activators, used as hepatocarcinogens. Our results showed that different gene signatures were obtained between the CAR and the PXR activators in rat liver. The signatures were largely different from those obtained with the non CAR/PXR and non hepatocarcinogens. In vitro, the data obtained did not allow well distinguishing between CAR and PXR modulators. In summary, our data support the conclusion that it is possible to discriminate between CAR and PXR modulators, using the short-term transcriptomic approach
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Salamone, Sam. "Densification of and constitutive laws for ceramic matrix composites and multilayered systems /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10585.
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Agoe, Felix Tetteh, e Tetiana Gennadiievna Ostepenko. "Legal system of business in Ghana". Thesis, National aviation university, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53431.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ghana operates a legal system that is premised on English common law. The laws of Ghana are composed of: the Constitution; statutes enacted by Parliament; orders, rules and regulations made by any person or authority with power conferred under the Constitution; the existing law; and Common Law, which is defined as the rules of law generally known as the doctrines of equity and the rules of customary law, which are rules of law that by custom are applicable to particular communities in Ghana, including those determined by the Superior Court of Judicature. An entrepreneur, irrespective of nationality, can set up a business enterprise in Ghana in accordance with the provisions of any of the following legal instruments: The Companies Code, 1963 (Act 179) The Partnership Act, 1962 (Act 152) The Business Name Act, 1962 (Act 151).
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Mweene, Nchimunya. "Assessing the impact of the 2016 constitution on intergovernmental relations in Zambia". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6559.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Magister Philosophiae - MPhilDecentralisation is the transfer of power, responsibilities, capacities and resources from the centre to the sub-units of the government. The main objective is to foster the capacity of local government to deliver services to the local communities in an effective manner.1 In a multilevel system of government, various institutions are established at different levels of government to deliver goods and services to the people. In delivering goods and services, these institutions usually combine efforts within the same and different levels of government. As a mechanism for improved service delivery, decentralisation has become increasingly important in the recent past together with the enhanced citizen participation in decision making process in the matters that affect the people. However, for decentralisation to be effective in achieving its intended objectives, it should be supported by intergovernmental relations and cooperative governance. Intergovernmental relations exist between and across various institutions and actors.2 They are relationships which develop or exist between governmental units of all types and levels in a multilevel system of government.3 These relations are significant in a multilevel system of government because it is impossible to distribute powers and functions among governments within a nation state into watertight compartments.4 The IGRs help in dispute resolution that may emerge from the overlap of powers and functions across tiers of government consequently hampering the smooth functioning of the government system.
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Faure, Xavier. "Approche formelle pour la simulation interactive de modèles mixtes". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10177/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La simulation interactive du corps humain est un problème crucial en informatique médicale. Les approches sont multiples pour arriver à cet objectif. Diminuer le temps de calcul est le leitmotiv d'un grand nombre de travaux ces dernières années. Pour les recherches qui utilisent des modèles physiques inspirés de la Mécanique des Milieux Continus pour la simulation des objets déformables, ce sont principalement les forces internes et leurs dérivées qui font l'objet d'études pour l'amélioration des performances au niveau du temps de calcul. Nous avons choisi de développer la Méthode des Masses-Tenseurs, modèle physique souvent utilisé pour son bon compromis temps de calcul — précision. Notre première contribution est l'utilisation du calcul formel pour la génération des équations des forces internes et de leurs dérivées. Notre deuxième contribution est la parallélisation de ce modèle physique en calculant les équations générées sur le GPU. Notre troisième contribution est l'extension de ce modèle physique à d'autres types d'éléments : triangle, quadrangle, hexaèdre, prisme et pyramide. Tenir compte des déformations pour utiliser la loi de comportement la plus efficace en temps de calcul lorsque c'est possible, est une stratégie que nous avons mis en place. Dans la même idée, nous prenons en compte la géométrie du modèle à simuler pour utiliser des éléments plus complexes mais en nombre réduit. Pour utiliser ces stratégies, nous avons développé et utilisé des modèles mixtes en loi de comportement et en type d'éléments. Nos travaux se placent dans le contexte du projet ETOILE pour le développement d'un modèle biomécanique du système respiratoireInteractive simulation of the human body is a crucial issue in medical computer sciences. There are many approaches to reach this goal. Reducing the computation time is the leitmotiv of a large number of efforts in recent years. For researches which use physical models derived from continuum mechanics for the simulation of deformable objects, it is primarily the internal forces and their derivatives which are the subject of study for improving computation time. We chose to develop the Tensor Mass Method, a physical model often used for its good computation time vs accuracy trade-off. Our first contribution is the use of computer algebra to generate the internal forces and their derivatives. Our second contribution is the parallelization of this physical model by computing the generated equations on the GPU. Our third contribution is an extension of this physical model to other elements : triangle, quandrangle , hexahedron, prism and pyramid. Considering deformations to use the most effective constitutive law in terms of computation time whenever possible is a good strategy that we started developing. In the same idea, we take the geometry of the simulated model into account to introduce more complex elements, albeit in reduced numbers. To use these strategies, we have developed mixed models in constitutive laws and elements. Our research was performed in the framework of the ETOILE project, to develop a biomechanical model of the respiratory system
19
Dunst, Brian W. "Embodying Social Practice: Dynamically Co-Constituting Social Agency". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4473.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Theories of cognition and theories of social practices and institutions have often each separately acknowledged the relevance of the other; but seldom have there been consistent and sustained attempts to synthesize these two areas within one explanatory framework. This is precisely what my dissertation aims to remedy. I propose that certain recent developments and themes in philosophy of mind and cognitive science, when understood in the right way, can explain the emergence and dynamics of social practices and institutions. Likewise, the view I construct explains how social practices and institutions shape the character of cognition of their constituent agents. Moreover, I explain both cognitive and social agency under the single explanatory framework provided by Dynamic Systems Theory.
Drawing upon the phenomenological tradition, "embodied, "extended", "embedded", "enactive", and "ecological" approaches to cognition, as well as the conceptual resources of Dynamic Systems Theory, I construct a theory of agency that sees cognitive and social agents as far-from-equilibrium, open, recursively self-maintenant dynamic systems. Depending on the specifics of concrete circumstances, such systems, which I call "Dynamic Embodied Agents" (or DEAs), may develop and possess emergent capacities for error-detection, flexible learning, normative behavior, representation, self-reflection, various modes of pattern-recognition, a temporal sense of self, and even moral responsibility. Some such systems are also sensitive to perceived social influences (practices and institutions); while reciprocally constituting and causally affecting them.
20
Sasaki, Yusuke. "Synthetic Constitution and Modulation of Microbial Metabolic Systems for Advanced BioChemical Generation". Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253449.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(総合学術)
甲第22613号
総総博第13号
新制||総総||2(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻
(主査)教授 山口 栄一, 教授 山敷 庸亮, 教授 植田 充美, 大嶌 幸一郎
学位規則第4条第1項該当
21
Bartsch, Ronald Ian Charles. "Unmanned and uncontrolled: The commingling theory and the legality of unmanned aircraft system operations". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14844.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2002 Australia became the first nation to promulgate certification standards for the commercial use of drones or unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Since that time the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) has played a key role both domestically and internationally through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in assisting to develop technical guidance materials that will enable contracting states to develop UAS regulations. An arduous component of this task is the fact that all existing aircraft are capable of being unmanned. Moreover, given the unbounded nature of aircraft operations, UAS regulations necessarily require international harmonisation. But the objective of developing universal UAS standards is still far from being finalised while the accelerating pace of UAS technological development continues to challenge traditional regulatory regimes and legal systems throughout the world. This paper considers the broader legal issues associated with civilian UAS operations and their integration into unsegregated civilian airspace. The Australian UAS regulatory experience is examined with some unique constitutional limitations identified in relation to the application of the so-called ‘commingling theory’. It is contended that such limitations may render void existing UAS regulation in certain situations – many of which are related to the operation of small UAS and may have significant privacy implications. In particular this paper finds that the regulations purporting to control the operation of systems that are not capable of commingling with aircraft operating within navigable airspace are ultra vires and hence of no legal effect. In concluding this paper strongly asserts that if the commercial benefits attendant to UAS operations is to be fully realised then their risks to society must be controlled through domestic legislation that is harmonised and consistent with internationally agreed guidelines.
22
Sindi, Lubna. "Pseudorotation in Jahn-Teller systems". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10594/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The molecular shape of any nonlinear molecule can be strongly influenced by the coupling between electrons and vibrations (vibronic coupling) via the Jahn-Teller (JT) interaction within the molecule. This influence appears as a distortion of the symmetrical shape of the original molecule. In such molecules, the adiabatic potential energy surface (APES) possesses either a trough of minimum-energy points or several isoenergetic minima ('wells') depending on the nature of the interactions present. In the case when coupling is infinite, the wells are very deep and the system will be locked into one of these distorted states. The vibronic states associated with these wells are good eigenstates of the system in this limiting static case. However, real molecules have finite coupling, so the system can migrate from one well to another in a process that is often referred to as the dynamic JT effect. If the wells are deep, then the motion must involve quantum mechanical tunnelling. Generally, the motion between wells gives the illusion that the molecule has rotated and this type of motion is referred to as pseudorotation. The eigenstates of the general system can then be approximated by symmetry-adapted states (SAS) which are a linear combination of the states associated with the wells. In this thesis, we focus on studying the dynamical nature of the JT effect through investigating the pseudorotation mechanism in different systems using a simple method employing the time-evolution operator. This allows us to obtain analytical expressions for the probabilities that a system that starts off localised in one initial well, may become localised in another well at some later time. These expressions are plotted versus time to show the pseudorotation regime and a comparison between different cases of pseudorotation in different molecules is made. Determination of the rates of pseudorotation leads to a better knowledge of the strength and nature of the vibronic coupling in the system and is a quantity that is, in principle, experimentally measurable. Also, more information about the tunnelling splitting between the SASs can be gained from this study.
23
Cruz, Renato Negretti. "A teoria dos sistemas e a força normativa constitucional do sistema jurídico sanitário". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-13122007-132158/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Este trabalho, eminentemente bibliográfico, destina-se à revisão da teoria dos sistemas sociais autopoiéticos de Niklas Luhmann e à consideração de seus limites e suas implicações para a compreensão da força normativa constitucional do sistema jurídico sanitário brasileiro. Nesse sentido, são discutidas a diferenciação funcional da sociedade e a função sistêmica do Direito e da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 em generalizar e manter contrafactualmente as expectativas normativas relativas à saúde, indispensáveis para a dinâmica dos processos comunicacionais sociais. A evolução do sistema sanitário nacional é situada no desenvolvimento do Estado brasileiro e na organização de suas políticas públicas em saúde, durante o século XX, em comparação à conformação dos sistemas de saúde europeus, analisada por Michel Foucault em seus estudos sobre os modelos de Medicina Social e a Crise da Medicina Moderna. Nesse contexto, a Constituição Federal de 1988 é identificada como o ponto de convergência dos processos comunicacionais da sociedade brasileira no sentido da mais abrangente forma de institucionalização de expectativas normativas, resultante do acoplamento estrutural dos sistemas sociais nacionais, não restritos, de forma alguma, aos seus sistemas jurídico e político. Incorpora-se, assim, à compreensão do sistema jurídico sanitário a sua crescente complexidade operacional bem como a consideração das expectativas, dos conflitos, do funcionamento dos sistemas que compõe a sociedade brasileira e da função finalística dos programas e princípios constitucionais voltados à implementação dos direitos sociais fundamentais relacionados à saúde.This work, eminently bibliographical, is destined to the revision of the theory of Autopoietic Social Systems by Niklas Luhmann and to the consideration of its limits and its implications for the comprehension of the constitutional normative power of the Brazilian legal system as related to sanitation. To this end, the functional differentiation of society and the systemic function of the law and the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 to generalize and maintain contrafactual the normative expectations, which are indispensable to a dynamic of the processes of social communication. The evolution of the national sanitary system is part of the development of the Brazilian state and in the organization of its public health policies, during the 20th century, in comparison to the European hea1th systems analyzed by Michel Foucault in his studies of the Models of Social Medicine and the Crisis of Modern Medicine. In this context, the Federal Constitution of 1988 is identified as the convergence point of the communicational processes of the Brazilian society in the sense of a wider form of institutionalization of normative expectations, resulting in the structural connection of the national social systems unrestricted in any manner to the legal and political systems. We arrive thusly to the comprehension of the legal system of sanitation and its growing operational complexities as well as the consideration of the expectations, conflicts and functioning of systems that compose Brazilian society and the ultimate function of the programs and constitutional principles related to the implementation of fundamental social rights as related to health.
24
González, Juan Carlos. "La constitution de l'espace visuel : enquete epistemologique autour d'un systeme de suppleance sensorielle". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette these developpe une analyse de la constitution de l'espace visuel. Il s'agit d'une enquete epistemologique etayee par des donnees et des considerations empiriques provenant principalement du domaine des suppleances sensorielles, mais aussi des neurosciences et de la psychologie de la perception. Le chapitre i porte sur la notion d'espace visuel et sur la signification du concept voir. Des distinctions sont faites entre les notions d'espace, d'espace visuel et de champ visuel. Puis certaines relations internes entre la notion de champ visuel et la signification de voir sont mises en evidence et l'hypothese de la perception simple est examinee. Le chapitre ii se situe sur le terrain empirique de systemes de suppleance sensorielle. On decrit d'abord les applications et les problemes pratiques que presente un de ces systemes, puis ensuite son interet epistemologique. On aborde alors les problemes du sensus communis et de la perception amodale ; la question de molyneux ; la predominance modale ; la plasticite cerebrale et l'apprentissage perceptif ; les illusions d'optique ; le role de l'action dans la vision et le point de vue enactiviste ; l'unite du percept et considerations gestaltistes, et, enfin la spatialisation des percepts et les contraintes sensori-motrices. Le but principal de ce chapitre et de montrer si le tvss peut repondre a ces questions epistemologiques et, si oui, de quelle maniere ; tout en repondant a deux autres questions : peut-on veritablement voir avec le tvss ? et, les yeux sont-ils necessaires pour voir. Enfin, le chapitre iii a pour axe principal l'idee qu'on peut comprendre l'experience visuelle a l'aide d'une semantique perceptive. Deux composantes, respectivement fonctionnelle et symbolique, correspondant a deux niveaux de signification perceptive, sont alors distinguees. A partir d'une telle semantique, on peut envisager une nouvelle comprehension de la saillance perceptive inherente a l'espace visuel.
25
Hardwick, David Peter Andrew. "Quantum and semiclassical calculations of electron transport through a stochastic system". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10389/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, I present a semiclassical and quantum mechanical study of a biased superlattice with a tilted magnetic field applied. This system exhibits non-KAM chaotic behaviour which can be controlled by the ratio between the cyclotron and Bloch frequencies. I will use a semiclassical model to show that electron trajectories become unbounded when this ratio takes an integer value. These extended electron trajectories cause peaks in the electron drift-velocity, which lead to current enhancements calculated using a drift-diffusion model. Furthermore, I will explain this current enhancement with reference to the electric field and charge carrier density across the superlattice. These results will then be compared to experimentally measured current-voltage characteristics. A second superlattice is also studied, which has a high probability of interminiband tunnelling. I will outline several theoretical models to account for interminiband tunnelling and will ultimately use an empirical method. The current-voltage results obtained via this method will then be compared to experimental data. Finally, I will use a quantum mechanical model to determine the electron eigenstates for the first superlattice. These quantum mechanical eigenstates will be compared to the semiclassical results to determine the degree of correspondence between the two models. Furthermore, I will use the eigenstates to calculate the energy level structure of the system and investigate how this varies for different applied field strengths. Ultimately, I will suggest a combined band transport plus scattering model to explain experimental current-voltage data obtained for high magnetic fields.
26
Zeng, Zhipeng. "Deformation Behaviour, Microstructure and Texture Evolution of CP Ti Deformed at Elevated Temperatures". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för industriell teknik och management, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10404.
Testo completo
27
Merger, Dimitri [Verfasser], e M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wilhelm. "Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear investigations of colloidal systems: experiments and constitutive model predictions / Dimitri Merger. Betreuer: M. Wilhelm". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1093559268/34.
Testo completo
28
Franks, David John. "Investigating constitutive activity in G-protein coupled receptors and the effects of prolonged ligand treatments on receptor systems". Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427857.
Testo completo
29
Schuhmann, Robert A. "The Constitution and the council-manager plan : public administration operating under a system without shared powers /". Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-113057/.
Testo completo
30
Davis-Tilley, Claire. "Synchronisation in open quantum systems". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49492/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Synchronisation has been explored extensively for classical systems from the mid-1600s, and is a phenomenon widely understood in many diverse systems. In the age of technology miniaturisation, there are great incentives to develop an understanding of quantum synchronisation, where quantum fluctuations become the dominant source of noise and non-classical features become important. This thesis considers different types of synchronisation in systems that can display highly non-linear, quantum behaviours. Phase synchronisation for a micromaser coupled to an external drive is initially considered, and it is found that for low photon numbers a semiclassical approximation underestimates phase synchronisation, but a perturbation theory can be accurate for sufficiently weak coupling in either a quantum or semiclassical regime. When a small detuning between the drive and micromaser is introduced, frequency entrainment is also found to exist. Then two micromasers are coupled with each other, in two different configurations, and synchronisation through a relative phase preference is found for each. A semiclassical approximation once again underestimates the phase synchronisation. Entanglement and mutual information are found to behave differently to the relative phase preference depending on each system's parameters. Finally, a mean-field theory is considered for many coupled van der Pol oscillators and micromasers respectively. As the coupling between the oscillators is increased, a critical point is reached and the systems undergo a transition to a phase synchronised state. This bistability appears via a saddle-node bifurcation, and in addition to examining a variety of properties before and after the transition the critical scaling behaviour was investigated close to the transition.
31
Levitt, Matthew. "Identification and estimation of quantum linear input-output systems". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47478/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The system identification problem is to estimate dynamical parameters from the output data, obtained by performing measurements on the output fields. We investigate system identification for quantum linear systems. Our main objectives are to address the following general problems: (1) Which parameters can be identified by measuring the output? (2) How can we construct a system realisation from sufficient input-output data? (3) How well can we estimate the parameters governing the dynamics? We investigate these problems in two contrasting approaches; using time-dependent inputs (Sec. 3.7.1 or time-stationary (quantum noise)) inputs (Sec. 3.7.2). In the time-dependent approach, the output fields are characterised by the transfer function. We show that indistinguishable minimal systems in the transfer function are related by symplectic transformations acting on the space of system modes (Ch. 6). We also present techniques enabling one to find a physical realisation of the system from the input-output data. We present realistic schemes for estimating passive quantum linear systems at the Heisenberg limit (Ch. 7) under energy resource constraint. ‘Realistic’ is our primary concern here, in the sense that there exists both experimentally feasible states and practical measurement choices that enable this heightened performance for all passive quantum linear systems. We consider both single parameter and multiple parameter estimation. In the stationary approach, the characteristic quantity is the power spectrum. We define the notion of global minimality for a given power spectrum, and characterise globally minimal systems as those with fully mixed stationary state (Sec. 6.1). The power spectrum depends on the system parameters via the transfer function. Our main result here is that under global minimality the power spectrum uniquely determines the transfer function, so the system can be identified up to a symplectic transformation (see Secs. 6.5, 6.4 6.11). We also give methods for constructing a globally minimal subsystem directly from the power spectrum (see Sec. 6.3). These results hold for pure inputs, we discuss extensions to mixed inputs and the use of additional input channels; using an appropriately chosen input in the latter case ensures that the system is always globally minimal (hence identifiable). Finally, we discuss a particular feedback control estimation problem in Chs. 8 and 9. In general, information about a parameter within a quantum linear system may be obtained at a linear rate with respect to time (in both approaches above); the so-called standard scaling. However, we see that when the system destabilises, so that its system matrix has eigenvalues very close to the imaginary axis, the quantum Fisher information is enhanced, to quadratic (Heisenberg) level. We give feedback methods enabling one to destabilise the system and give adaptive procedures for realising the Heisenberg bounds.
32
Abayzeed, Sidahmed. "Sensing voltage dynamics with differential intensity surface plasmon resonance system". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37007/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The voltage sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance is investigated as a potential method for label-free detection of the dynamics of the transmembrane potential of excitable cells. Development of such a method for reliable detection of these signals is one of the modern challenges in biomedical research. Since they are key physiological signals that control a number of vital functions, they report the system's behaviour in health and disease. Labelling methods are currently used to detect these signals, often with subcellular resolution, but fluorescent labels (i) have a short lifetime, which limits the timescale of the experiments and (ii) they can be toxic to cells. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is sensitive to perturbation of the potential at the metal-electrolyte interface. This perturbation alters the charge density of the interface, which is characterised by the well-known theory of the double-layer capacitance. Charge density on the electrolyte side is mirrored by an excess or deficiency of electrons at the metal surface. The latter shifts the resonance conditions of surface plasmons. To assess SPR capacity in the detection of the electrical signals from excitable cells, the limit of voltage detection of the SPR has to be well-characterised. First, theoretical approaches were used to estimate the voltage detection limit of surface plasmon resonance. Since different SPR systems are characterised by their refractive index sensitivity, voltage sensitivity was estimated relative to the equivalent refractive index change. This approach enables the generalisation of the outputs of this research regardless of the SPR system. A one-dimensional multilayer model was used combining the electrical properties of the metal-electrolyte interface to the optical properties of the layers. The model was used to calculate the voltage-induced changes to the optical properties of the metal surface. Then, light reflectivity from the model structure was calculated using the transfer matrix of the structure and Fresnel equations to produce SPR curves (reflectance versus angle of incidence) for a series of voltages in the double-layer charging range (_200mV). Second, to test the theoretical estimates of the voltage sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance, a differential-intensity surface plasmon resonance (DI-SPR) system was constructed and combined with an electrochemical system to control the potential at the metal-electrolyte interface.
33
Mey, Antonia S. J. S. "Trajectory ensemble methods for understanding complex stochastic systems". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13368/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis investigates the equilibrium and dynamic properties of stochastic systems of varying complexity. The dynamic properties of lattice models -- the 1-d Ising model and a 3-d protein model -- and equilibrium properties of continuous models -- particles in various potentials -- are presented. Dynamics are studied according to a large deviation formalism, by looking at non-equilibrium ensembles of trajectories, classified according to a dynamical order parameter. The phase structure of the ensembles of trajectories is deduced from the properties of large-deviation functions, representing dynamical free-energies. The 1-d Ising model is studied with Glauber dynamics uncovering the dynamical second-order transition at critical values of the counting field 's', confirming the analytical predictions by Jack and Solich. Next, the dynamics in an external magnetic field are studied, allowing the construction of a dynamic phase diagram in the space of temperature, s-field and magnetic field. The dynamic phase diagram is reminiscent of that of the 2-d Ising model. In contrast, Kawasaki dynamics give rise to a dynamical phase structure similar to the one observed in kinetically constrained models. The dynamics of a lattice protein model, represented by a self avoiding walk with three different Hamiltonians, are studied. For the uniform Go Hamiltonian all dynamics occurs between non-native and native trajectories, whereas for heterogeneous Hamiltonians and Full interaction Hamiltonians a first-order dynamical transition to sets of trapping trajectories is observed in the s-ensemble. The model is studied exhaustively for a particular sequence, constructing a qualitative phase diagram, from which a more general dynamic behaviour is extrapolated. Lastly, an estimator for equilibrium expectations, represented by a transition matrix in an extended space between temperatures and a set of discrete states obtained through the discretisation of a continuous space, is proposed. It is then demonstrated that this estimator outperforms conventional multi-temperature ensemble estimates by up to three orders of magnitude, by considering three models of increasing complexity: diffusive particles in a double-well potential, a multidimensional folding potential and a molecular dynamics simulations of alanine dipeptide.
34
Harvey, Thomas. "Noise in a dynamical open quantum system : coupling a resonator to an artificial atom". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10829/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject of this thesis is the study of a particular open quantum system consisting of a resonator coupled to a superconducting single electron transistor (SSET). The theoretical model we use is applicable to both mechanical and superconducting stripline resonators leading to a large parameter regime that can be explored. The SSET is tuned to the Josephson quasi-particle resonance, in which the transport occurs via Cooper pairs coherently tunnelling across one junction followed by the incoherent tunnelling of quasi-particles across the other. The SSET can be thought of as an artificial atom since it has a similar energy level structure and transitions to an atom. We investigate to what extent the current and current noise through the SSET can be used to infer the state of the resonator. In order to carry out these investigations we describe the system with a Born-Markov master equation, which we solve numerically. The evolution of the density matrix of the system is described by a Liouvillian superoperator. In order to better understand the results we perform an eigenfunction expansion of the Liouvillian, which is useful in connecting the behaviour of the resonator to the current noise. The mixture of coherent and incoherent processes in the SSET leads to interesting back action effects on the resonator. For weak coupling the SSET acts as an effective thermal bath on the resonator. Depending on the operating point the resonator can be either heated or cooled in comparison to its surroundings. In this regime we can use a set of mean field equations to describe the system and also capture certain aspects of the behaviour with some simple models. For sufficient coupling the SSET can drive the resonator into states of self-sustained oscillations. At the transition between stable and oscillating states of the resonator we also find regions of co-existence between oscillating and fixed point states of the resonator. The current noise provides a way to identify these transitions and the state of the resonator. The system also shows analogies with quantum optical systems such as the micromaser. We calculate the linewidth of the resonator and find deviations from the expected behaviour.
35
Lee, Antony Richard. "Localised systems in relativistic quantum information". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13624/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis collects my own and collaborative work I have been involved with finding localised systems in quantum field theory that are be useful for quantum information. It draws from many well established physical theories such as quantum field theory in curved spacetimes, quantum optics and Gaussian state quantum information. The results are split between three chapters. For the first results, we set-up the basic framework for working with quantum fields confined to cavities. By considering the real Klein-Gordon field, we describe how to model the non-uniform motion of a rigid cavity through spacetime. We employ the use of Bogoliubov transformations to describe the effects of changing acceleration. We investigate how entanglement can be generated within a single cavity and the protocol of quantum teleportation is affected by non-uniform motion. The second set of results investigate how the Dirac field can be confined to a cavity for quantum information purposes. By again considering Bogoliubov transformations, we thoroughly investigate how the entanglement shared between two cavities is affected by non-uniform motion. In particular, we investigate the role of the Dirac fields charge in entanglement effects. We finally analyse a \one-way-trip" of one of the entangled cavities. It is shown that different types of Dirac field states are more robust against motion than others. The final results looks at using our second notion of localisation, Unruh-DeWitt detectors. We investigate how allowing for a \non-point-like" spatial profile of the Unruh-DeWitt detector affects how it interacts with a quantum field around it. By engineering suitable detector-field interactions, we use techniques from symplectic geometry to compute the dynamics of a quantum state beyond commonly used perturbation theory. Further, the use of Unruh-DeWitt detectors in generating entanglement between two distinct cavities will be investigated.
36
Macieszczak, Katarzyna. "Metrology, metastability and dynamical phase transitions in open quantum systems". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39811/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis we explore aspects of dynamics of open quantum systems related to coherence and quantum correlations - necessary resources for enhanced quantum metrology and quantum computation. We first discuss limits to the precision of parameter estimation when using a quantum system in the presence of noise. To this end we introduce a variational principle for the quantum Fisher information (QFI) bounding the estimation errors of any measurement, which motivates an efficient iterative algorithm for finding optimal system preparations for noisy estimation experiments. Furthermore, we investigate influence of noise correlations on the precision in phase and frequency estimation, by delivering bounds for both spatially and temporarily correlated (non-Markovian) dephasing noise. This allows us to prove the Zeno limit in frequency estimation, conjectured in Phys. Rev. A 84, 012103 (2011) and Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 233601 (2012). The enhanced estimation precision in quantum metrology can be, however, achieved only using highly entangled states. We propose a scheme of generating such highly correlated states as outputs of Markovian open quantum systems near first-order dynamical phase transitions. We show that the quadratic scaling of the QFI with time is present for experiments within the correlation time of the dynamics and describe a theoretical scheme for quantum enhanced estimation of an optical phase-shift using the photons being emitted from an intermittent quantum system. Finally, we establish the basis for a theory of metastability in Markovian open quantum systems, by extending methods from classical stochastic dynamics. We argue that the partial relaxation into long-lived metastable states - distinct from the asymptotic stationary state - may preserve initial coherences within decoherence-free subspaces or noiseless subsystems, thus allowing for quantum computation during the metastable regime.
37
Kundu, Indrani. "Paradigm shifts in jurisprudential thoughts in Indian legal system: study of A.K. Gopalan to Maneka Gandhis case and beyond". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4233.
Testo completo
38
Qi, Lin. "Mechanical Behavior of Copper Multi-Channel Tube for HVACR Systems". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1381328798.
Testo completo
39
Kirton, Peter. "Fluctuations and noise in nanoelectrical and nanomechanical systems". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12853/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis we present a study of the fluctuations and noise which occur in a particular nanoelectrical device, the single electron transistor (SET). Electrical transport through the SET occurs through a combination of stochastic, incoherent tunnelling and coherent quantum oscillations, giving rise to a rich variety of transport processes. In the first section of the thesis, we look at the fluctuations in the electrical properties of a SET. We describe the SET as an open quantum system, and use this model to develop Born-Markov master equation descriptions of the dynamics close to three resonant transport processes: the Josephson quasiparticle resonance, the double Josephson quasiparticle resonance and the Cooper-pair resonances. We use these models to examine the noise properties of both the charge on the SET island and the current flowing through the SET. Quantum coherent oscillations of Cooper-pairs in the SET give rise to noise spectra which can be highly asymmetric in frequency. We give an explicit calculation of how an oscillator capacitively coupled to the SET island can be used to infer the quantum noise properties close to the Cooper-pair resonances. To calculate the current noise we develop a new technique, based on classical full counting statistics. We are able to use this technique to calculate the effect of the current fluctuations on an oscillator coupled to the current through the SET, the results of which are in good agreement with recent measurements. In the final part of the thesis we explore the coupled dynamics of a normal state SET capacitively coupled to a resonator in the presence of an external drive. The coupling between the electrical and mechanical degrees of freedom leads to interesting non-linear behaviour in the resonator. We are able to find regions where the resonator has two possible stable amplitudes of oscillation, which can lead to a bistability in the dynamics. We also look at the fluctuations in the energy of the system. We use numerical methods to simulate the dynamics of the system, and to obtain the probability distribution for the work done, whose form can be interpreted by the appropriate fluctuation relation.
40
Jackson, Justin A. "The effect of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution on the Hamilton County criminal justice system". Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/622.
Testo completo
41
Vinciguerra, Iolanda. "CD8 T cells with constitutively active PI3Kγ induce hypertension in mice and increase myogenic tone of resistance arteries". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/86358.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’ipertensione è una condizione clinica caratterizzata da elevati valori di pressione arteriosa ed associata a danno cardiaco, renale e vascolare. Eziologicamente è definita come essenziale, se la causa non è ben identificabile, o come secondaria, se l’incremento di pressione ha un’origine nota. Il trattamento consiste nella modificazione dello stile di vita e nella somministrazione di trattamenti antipertensivi; nonostante ciò sono riscontrabili alcune forme di ipertensione farmaco-resistente. Ricercare i meccanismi alla base della patologia risulta, quindi, importante al fine di individuare nuovi bersagli farmacologici. Numerosi articoli scientifici hanno evidenziato la correlazione tra ipertensione ed attivazione del sistema immune, ma i meccanismi attraverso cui l’immunità agisce incrementando la pressione arteriosa sono sconosciuti. Questa tesi si pone l’obiettivo di chiarire come le cellule immunitarie sono implicate nell’insorgenza del fenotipo ipertensivo. È stato precedentemente studiato il coinvolgimento della fosfatidilinositolo-3-chinasi (PI3K) nell’ipertensione ed è stato evidenziato che il modello murino non esprimente questo enzima (PI3K) era protetto dall’incremento di pressione indotto dall’angiotensina II; inoltre, PI3Kè espressa nei linfociti regolandone la maturazione e la migrazione. Sulla base di queste premesse, mediante analisi FACS, è stato evidenziato che topi PI3KangIImostravano un ridotto infiltrato immunitario renale rispetto a topiWT angII Successivamente è stato osservato che il modello murino con espressione costitutiva di PI3K (PI3KCX/CX) era caratterizzato da ipertensione spontanea e l’analisi istologica effettuata sui reni di tali topi evidenziava i danni tipici del fenotipo ipertensivo, quali fibrosi, incremento delle dimensioni dei corpuscoli renali e della capsula di Bowman. In base a queste evidenze è stato valutato se i meccanismi immunitari sono coinvolti nel link tra PI3K ed elevata pressione arteriosa. Analisi FACS hanno evidenziato che topi PI3KCX/CX presentavano un incrementato infiltrato immune renale caratterizzato da cellule CD8+CD69+CD44+. Esperimenti di adoptive transfer hanno mostrato la capacità delle cellule CD8+ spleniche isolate da topi PI3KCX/CX nel determinare l’incremento dei valori pressori in topi normotesi infusi con queste cellule. Poiché il tono miogenico, ovvero la capacità di esplicare una risposta contrattile in funzione all’aumento della pressione intravascolare indipendentemente dalla regolazione neurormonale, risulta incrementato in diversi modelli animali di ipertensione, è stato studiato se le cellule CD8+ sono determinanti di questa incrementata risposta miogenica. A tal fine è stato sviluppato un innovativo sistema sperimentale che permette la co-coltura di vasi di resistenza e cellule CD8+. Grazie a ciò è stato dimostrato che cellule CD8+ attivate da stimoli ipertensivi inducevano un significativo aumento della risposta miogenica in arteriole mesenteriche isolate da topi normotesi. Complessivamente questi dati suggeriscono che la segnalazione di PI3KC nelle cellule CD8+ è cruciale nello sviluppo dell’ipertensione, nella migrazione di queste cellule verso i reni, dove contribuiscono al danno d’organo, e nella modulazione del tono miogenico che rappresenta un meccanismo chiave nella regolazione della pressione arteriosa.Hypertension is a clinical condition characterized by elevated arterial pressure values associated with cardiac, renal and vascular damage. It can be defined etiologically as essential, whether the cause is not known, or secondary, whether the cause is well identifiable. The treatment consists in the lifestyle modification and in the antihypertensive therapy administration; despite this, some forms of drug-resistant hypertension can be found. Therefore, the research to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathology is important to identify new pharmacological targets. Numerous scientific articles showed a correlation between hypertension and immune system activation, but the mechanisms by which immunity acts to increase arterial pressure are unknown. This thesis aims to clarify how immune cells are involved in the onset of hypertensive phenotype. The involvement of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) in hypertension has been previously investigated showing that the murine model depleted of this enzyme (PI3KKO) is protected from angiotensin II-induced hypertension; furthermore, PI3K is expressed in lymphocytes regulating their maturation and migration. Based on these assumptions, trough FACS analysis, it is shown that PI3KKO ang II mice are featured by reduced renal immune infiltrate compared to PI3KWT angII mice. Subsequently, it is observed that the murine model with constitutive expression of PI3K (PI3KCX/CX) was characterized by spontaneous hypertension and histological analysis performed on kidneys of these mice highlighted the typical damages of the hypertensive phenotype, as fibrosis, increased dimensions of renal corpuscles and Bowman’s capsule. Based on these evidences, it is investigated whether immune mechanisms are involved in link between PI3K and high blood pressure. FACS analysis highlighted that PI3KCX/CX mice showed an increased renal immune infiltrate characterized by the presence of CD8+CD69+CD44+ cells. Using adoptive transfer experiments, it is demonstrated the ability of CD8+ splenic cells isolated from PI3KCX/CX mice to determine the increase in blood pressure in normotensive mice that was infused with these cells. Since the myogenic tone, ie the ability to perform a contractile response to counteract the increase in intravascular pressure independently of the neurormonal regulation, is enhanced in different animal models of hypertension, it is investigated whether the immune cells were determinants of this increased myogenic response. To this end, it is developed an innovative experimental system that allowed the co-culture of resistance vessels with CD8+ cells. Thanks to this system it was shown that CD8+ cells activated by hypertensive stimuli induced a significant increase in myogenic response in mesenteric arterioles isolated from normotensive mice. Altogether these data suggest that the signaling of PI3Kγ in CD8+ T cells is crucial in hypertension development, in the migration of these cells to the kidneys, where they contribute to organ damage, and in the modulation of myogenic tone which represents a key mechanism in regulation of arterial pressure.
42
Coates, Andrew. "New perspectives in gravity beyond General Relativity : from fundamental physics to strongly gravitating systems". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48217/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
General Relativity (GR) has been extremely successful experimentally. However there are several reasons to consider that GR is not the complete theory of gravity. Although directly probing quantum gravity in the near future seems highly unlikely observations of the non- perturbative regime of classical gravity is improving, so any classical modification of gravity may well be testable. In this thesis we will focus on two interesting depatures from GR inspired by quantum gravity: violations of Lorentz symmetry and the weak equivalence principle. Lorentz violating (LV) gravity theories are interesting for various reasons. For example: they may have improved UV behaviour as quantum theories. Additionally testing principles which are fundamental to our understanding of nature is extremely important. We demonstrate how the causality of certain types of LV theories is realised. We then show how the relationship between two different LV theories could be used to find whether or not black holes can truly form from collapse, at least in spherical symmetry. One may be worried about whether or not LV in gravity can spoil the Lorentz invariance of matter. We generalise some known results about this problem in Horava gravity and then consider the viability of one proposal to correct this problem. Weak equivalence principle violations alter the structure of matter. By developing a simple model we demonstrate that one can maintain the weak equivalence principle in the solar system, while breaking it in high-curvature regimes. We go on to demonstrate the efficacy of the mechanism. This thesis is largely aimed at tackling questions related to the strong field regime in alternative theories of gravity: a topic of increasing interest.
43
Turner, R. M. "Efficient path sampling for trajectory ensembles with applications to non-equilibrium systems". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38498/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis utilises large deviation methods to study nonequilibrium phenomena in both quantum and classical systems. The dynamical analogues of the ensembles of statistical mechanics are used to explore dynamical phase spaces of systems, quantifying atypical fluctuations that can play a critical role in long term behaviour. A dynamical ensemble based on fixed numbers of dynamical events, allowing trajectory observation time to fluctuate, is introduced. This ensemble, denoted the x-ensemble, is found to be well suited to numerically simulate atypical fluctuations using transition path sampling (TPS). x-ensemble TPS schemes are analysed with reference to existing methods in both quantum and classical stochastic systems, and are found to offer more flexibility and efficiency in a variety of situations. The potential to develop this scheme into a self-optimizing algorithm is discussed with examples. The x-ensemble is then used in three non-equilibrium scenarios. Firstly in plaquette models of glass formers, in an effort to provide insight into the nature of the glass transition. It is shown that a two-dimensional triangular plaquette model (TPM) exhibits both a trajectory phase-transition between dynamical active and inactive phases, and when two replicas are coupled, a thermal phase transition between states of low and high overlap between the replicas. These two transitions are similar to those seen to occur in more realistic glass formers. When the TPM is generalised to a three-dimensional square pyramid plaquette model (SPyM) these dynamical and thermodynamic features of interest remain. It is argued that these models therefore provide an ideal test-bed for competing theories of the glass transition. Secondly the x-ensemble is used to define and analyse the dynamical analogue of the Jarzynski equality, allowing for the computation of dynamical free energy differences with, in principle, arbitrarily fast protocols linking two dynamical states. This relation is tested and found to hold in open quantum systems. Finally the partition sum zeros method of Lee and Yang is used to extract the location of dynamical phase transitions from the high-order, short-time cumulants of the x-ensemble. Results in both classical and open quantum systems are compared with previously studied dynamical ensembles, providing insight into the nature in which dynamical behaviours are encoded by these ensembles.
44
Chigwata, Tinashe. "The law and policy for provincial and local government in Zimbabwe: the potential to realise development, bulid democracy and sustain peace". University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4405.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Doctor Legum - LLDThe adoption of the 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe heralded a new era with high expectations from ordinary citizens of Zimbabwe. Among other matters, the Constitution provides for a multilevel system of government with government organised at the national, provincial and local levels. The design of this system of government is linked to the need, inter alia, to realise development, build democracy and sustain peace in Zimbabwe. Provincial and local governments are expected to play a role in the realisation of these goals. The question is whether the law and policy governing provincial and local governments in Zimbabwe enables these governments to play that role. It will be argued that the law and policy hinders the role of provincial and local governments in realising development, building democracy and sustaining peace. The national government has excessive supervisory powers over provincial and local governments which limit the minimum level of local discretion required if these lower governments are to assist in realising development, building democracy and sustaining peace. Moreover, the legal and institutional design emphasises coordinative rather than cooperative relations among governments, thereby undermining opportunities for effective multilevel governance. It will be argued that the 2013 Constitution, however, provides the foundation upon which an effective system of multilevel government can be built. Mere alignment of the legislative framework with the 2013 Constitution is nevertheless unlikely to give full effect to the non-centralised system of government envisaged by this new Constitution. What is required is the development of a policy, institutional and legislative framework that gives effect to the constitutional spirit of devolution of power and cooperative governance.
45
Seymour-Smith, Nicolas R. "Ion-trap cavity QED system for probabilistic entanglement". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39687/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Laser systems and a linear radiofrequency (rf) Paul trap with an integrated co-axial cavity have been developed for experiments in cavity QED and probabilistic entanglement. Single 40Ca+ ions and large Coulomb crystals have been trapped routinely and laser cooled with long trapping lifetimes. A technique to achieve precise overlap of the pseudopotential minimum of the rf-field with the cavity mode has been implemented through variable capacitors in the resonant rf-circuit used to drive the trap. Three-dimensional micromotion compensation has been implemented. An 894 nm laser has been frequency stabilised to a Pound-Drever-Hall cavity which is in turn stabilised to atomic Cs using polarisation spectroscopy. The Allan variance of the error signal has been reduced to less than a kilohertz on timescales greater than a second. A novel implementation of the scanning cavity transfer lock has been developed to transfer the stability of the 894 nm laser to the 397 nm ion cooling and 866 nm repumping lasers. The bandwidth of the system has been increased to 380 Hz and the Allan variance of the error signal has been reduced to less than ten kilohertz on timescales of greater than a second. The pseudopotential minimum of the rf field has been overlapped optimally with the optical cavity mode through mapping of the fluorescence from cavity-field repumped ions as a function of their displacement. Coupling to the cavity mode has been confirmed by observation of resonant fluorescence into the cavity mode using the cavity-assisted Raman transition process. The thesis demonstrates that the setup is ready for the controlled production of single photons with pre-determined polarisation states, and progression onto new schemes to entangle multiple ions that are coupled to the optical cavity mode.
46
Kim, Younsik. "Challenges and opportunities for the national constitutional system in dealing with the global investment regime : a case study of the indirect expropriation doctrine and investor-state arbitration under the free trade agreement between the Republic of Korea and the United States of America". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7575.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2011, Korea ratified the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement (KORUS-FTA). This treaty remains controversial in Korean society, particularly because many Koreans claim that the indirect expropriation doctrine under investor-state arbitration in the investment chapter will allow global investors to challenge governmental regulation justified by the Korean constitution. Despite such criticism, the KORUS-FTA indirect expropriation doctrine and the Korean constitutional property doctrine share more than might be expected in practice. However, this substantive doctrinal convergence between national and global legal systems does not eliminate all risks of conflict between the nation-state and global investors; conflicts can occur whenever two actors interpret the same text differently. Once an investment dispute happens, independent investor-state arbitration reviews governmental action according to independent interpretative rules. Systems theory suggests that nation-states can turn such global challenges into opportunities by taking contextual control over global investment in relying on the global investment legal system of the global investment regime. The nation-state can convince global investors that the nation-state respects transnational investment mechanisms, whilst indirectly imbuing norm-making with minimum national interest without incurring serious damage to its reputation. To be specific, the nation-state can attract more foreign investors by accepting the indirect expropriation doctrine and the investor-state arbitration respected by global investors. Simultaneously, the nation-state can secure minimum control over global investment under legitimate regulatory power reflected in the same indirect expropriation clause. In addition, the nation-state can guide the investment tribunal to secure a balance between investment protection and the regulatory power of the host state by prescribing the proportionality principle. Contextual control can be a sub-optimal choice for the nation-state in the sense that it avoids a worst-case scenario by securing proportionality and predictability. In order to make this measure more effective, the current global investment legal system needs to secure more commensurate autonomy or autopoiesis by furthering simultaneous and balanced structural coupling with a greater variety of social powers. In this context, global constitutionalism provides national constitutional tools for the nation-state; specifically, democratic participation in national treaty-making procedures and autopoietic structuralisation of the investment arbitration mechanism can make the substantive contents and application of global investment law fairer and more acceptable, not only to global investors and strong states, but also to social movements and smaller countries. In the context of the KORUS-FTA, the Korean government needs to make the treaty terms of indirect expropriation clearer through democratic participation. At the same time, the Korea should pay attention to making arbitration process reflexive to more various social interests, whilst protecting its operation from inappropriate influences. Such measures can prevent KORUSFTA tribunals from making extremely unacceptable decisions to actors of the global investment regime, including the Korean government, although they could not guarantee ideal decisions that stratify all actors perfectly.
47
Сухонос, Володимир Вікторович, Владимир Викторович Сухонос e Volodymyr Viktorovych Sukhonos. "Конституція як втілення нормативно-регулятивного рівня правової системи: основні етапи реформування". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66500.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Елементи правової системи можна розташувати на п’яти рівнях: суб’єктному,
інтелектуально-психологічному, нормативно-регулятивному, організаційному та
соціальному. При цьому, нормативно-регулятивний рівень дозволяє дійти висновку про
те, що визначальними чинниками, які створюють систему, є норми права, оскільки вони
об’єднують уявлення людей про справедливість і несправедливість, про важливість
стимулювання розвитку тих чи інших суспільних відносин. Правові норми,
які визначають коло первинних суб’єктів права та їх правовий статус утворюють
конституційне право, основним джерелом якого є Конституція України.
48
Wlazlak, Anne. "L'influence de la construction communautaire sur la constitution française". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059135.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La Constitution, entendue dans son acception la plus générale comme La marque suprême de souveraineté nationale, ne cesse d'évoluer au fil de l'approfondissement de la construction européenne. Un tel constat se manifeste à la fois dans le contenu matériel et normatif de la norme première, dans son aspect purement formel et dans son essence même. Pour s'en convaincre, il suffit de se reporter aux nombreuses révisions constitutionnelles ayant été effectuées sous la pression de l'intégration européenne. La doctrine évoque une communautarisation des Constitutions nationales voire une constitutionnalisation du droit communautaire. Dans cette optique, il convient de s'interroger, par le biais d'une démarche comparatiste évolutive, sur la portée effective et sur les conséquences de ces évolutions sur les contours et l'acception de la Constitution française.Est-il encore possible d'évoquer un monopole de souveraineté pour caractériser cette dernière, face à l'exercice par l'Union européenne de la souveraineté transférée ? Est-il réellement légitime, et juridiquement juste, de continuer à appréhender la Constitution à partir de son cadre national d'origine ? En d'autres termes, et d'une manière plus radicale, le concept de Constitution peut‐il encore être rattaché à un sens traditionnel et exclusif, tel qu'issu du droit interne? Face aux incertitudes européennes dont la norme suprême fait désormais l'objet, force est de dépasser le cadre d'étude fondamental traditionnel par la construction d'un nouveau concept de "Constitution", supplantant les principales définitions jusqu'ici admises.
49
Camguilhem, Sarah. "La constitution de l'ITAV en Midi-Pyrénées : les nanobiotechnologies comme levier de la transformation de la recherche publique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30134/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail de recherche interroge l'articulation de la politique scientifique à la pratique concrète et quotidienne des chercheurs académiques. Depuis les années 1980, on assiste à une remise en cause du modèle " traditionnel " d'organisation de la recherche, qui tend à être remplacé par un nouveau, dont les deux principales caractéristiques sont 1) le passage d'un financement récurrent à un financement majoritairement sur projets ; 2) l'affichage, au niveau de la politique scientifique, de l'interdisciplinarité comme un moyen de favoriser l'innovation. Dans ce mouvement global, les " nanos ", porteuses de promesses en termes de développement économique et de création d'emplois, apparaissent comme un levier pour rapprocher la recherche des enjeux économiques et industriels. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous appréhendons les " nanos " dans leur dimension de vecteur d'une recomposition de l'organisation de la recherche par la sphère politique. Ce mouvement est contesté par les chercheurs. Aussi, nous étudions, d'un côté, les transformations au niveau des exigences de la politique scientifique, et, d'un autre côté, les façons dont les chercheurs s'approprient, ou contournent, ces évolutions. Notre travail de terrain se focalise sur le niveau local et la constitution de l'Institut des technologies avancées en sciences du vivant (Itav), pensé comme un lieu devant favoriser l'innovation et le développement technologique, par le biais des nanobiotechnologies en particulier. Dans une perspective habermassienne visant à alimenter la question théorique des rapports entre système et monde vécu (Habermas, 1987), nous mettons au jour, à travers notre analyse, les motifs et les formes de la résistance des chercheurs aux injonctions politiques orientées vers des enjeux économiques. Cette résistance repose en partie sur des enjeux stratégiques, de carrière notamment. Mais elle est également fondée, en partie, sur un accord normatif autour de valeurs et de normes qui contribuent à la reproduction de la sphère de la recherche en tant que sphère d'activité autonomeThis research work scrutinizes the impact of science policy, both on practices for researchers and on the reorganization of academic research. There has been an evolution of the "traditional" model of research organization doubly characterized by: (1) the shift from a recurrent funding to project financing; (2) the promotion of interdisciplinary as a mean to foster innovation. As part of this movement, the field of "nanos", promoted as a growing area for economic and social issues (particularly in the area of health), is substantial. Thus, nanotechnologies are regarded as a lever to speed up and systematize this process. This work aims to evaluate the relevance of this hypothesis. In practice, does the field of "nanos" represent a vector of research renovation and reorganization ? I show that researchers question research policies that political authorities and economic leaders impose. On one hand, I study the characteristics of science policy in the field of "nano" and, on the other hand, the ways in which researchers implement these policies, sometimes significantly changing guidelines provided upstream. I focus my fieldwork on the constitution of the Advanced Technology Institute in Life Sciences (ITAV). It was conceived as a place to promote innovation and technology transfer, notably through the development of nanobiotechnology research. From a Habermasian perspective, I try to supply the theoretical issue about the relationship between the "System" and "Lifeworld" (Habermas, 1987). Thus, I uncover the patterns and forms of resistance from researchers to research policies injunctions whose economic target is questioned. The resistance from researchers is doubly founded : firstly, it is based on strategic considerations, in particular career choices; secondly, it is related to the adherence to values and norms which go beyond economic and political issues
50
Coulet, Thierry. "La transformation du système d'offre et la constitution d'un espace européen des services". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La communaute europeenne s'est constituee dans une perspective d'integration industrielle. Or, les services representent aujourd'hui plus de 50 % de l'activite et de l'emploi en europe. A partir de ce constat, cette these analyse le contenu potentiel, les perspectives et l'interet d'un espace europeen des services. Une premiere analyse statistique demontre l'importance croissante du commerce international de services pour la communaute europeenne et la transformation du contenu de ces echanfges. Mais, cette analyse se heurte a des limites methodologiques et conceptuelles, dues a la difficulte d'appliquer aux services des concepts et des schemas fondamentaux de l'analyse economique, et en particulier le concept de produit homogene et reproductible. Cette analyse amene ainsi a poser la question d'une revision paradigmatique. Les evolutions profondes de ces activites sont analysees comme les composantes d'une transformation globale du systeme d'offre des services. Dans cette perspective, on peut parler de constitution d'un espace europeen des services si l'europe apparait comme l'espace de recomposition de ce systeme d'offre. Or, le developpement de reseaux et d'une production internationale en reseau apparait au centre de cette recomposition. Au terme de cette analyse, un espace europeen des services, identifie a un espace-reseau, semble effectivement en voie de constitution. Aux avantages economiques classiques attaches a la formation d'espaces economiques, s'ajoute la caracteristique de l'espace europeen des services d'etre un vecteur d'integration, porteur d'une veritable communaute d'acteursThe european community has been set up on the basis of the idea of industrial integration. Services, however, represent today more than 50 % of activity and employment in europe. This thesis, on the basis of the above, analyses the potential content, prospects and interest of a european space for service activities. Statistical analysis first demonstrates the growing importance of international trade in services for the european community, as well as the change in the content of transactions. This analysis, however, has methodological and conceptual limits due to the difficulty in applying to service activities certain fundamental concepts and schemes of economic analysis, and in particular the concept of homogeneous product. This analysis thus leads to the question of a paradigmatic review. The profound changes in service activities are analysed as the components of a global transformation of their supply system. From this point of view, one can speak of the constitution of a european space for service activities if europe demonstrates itself to be the space for recomposition of this supply system. The development of networks and of international networked production lies at the center of this recomposition. The results of this analysis indicate that a european space for service activities, in the form of a network space, seems to be emerging. To the classical economic advantages associated with the formation of economic spaces must be added the characteristics of the european space for services activities as a vector for integration, i. E. Acting as core for a veritable community of actors