Tesi sul tema "Constitutif"
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Adi, Riyono Winarputro. "CJS-RE : a hierarchical constitutive model for rammed earth". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC036/document.
Testo completoRammed earth is a vernacular building technique consisting in compacting successively layers of moist earth within formworks. This technique is present worldwide and in particular in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in France. As no regulation exists for rammed earth structures in France, the owners of such structures are helpless at the time when repairing damages appearing in any aging heritage structures. Moreover, this lack of regulation tends to slow down the development of such a constructive solution in new projects though this technique answers many of the issues raised by the sustainable development. The work presented herein is part of the national research project PRIMATERRE devoted to the study of construction building involving earth. Herein, an elasto-plastic constitutive law is developed for modeling the behavior of rammed earth. It is based on a hierarchical approach of the modeling in relation to the information available to identify the set of model parameters and the refinement of phenomena to be modelled. This model was adapted from a pre-existing CJS model used in advanced foundation engineering for the modelling of granular soils. The necessary adaptation of some mechanisms of the model in the context of rammed earth material which holds the characteristics of a quasi-brittle material is highlighted. Two levels for the model denoted CJS-RE which can be used in the context of monotonous loadings are presented herein. The first level is a simple elastic perfectly plastic model (CJS-RE1) and the second model is an elasto-plastic model with an isotropic hardening (CJS-RE2). Two mechanisms of plastic deformation are involved, one related to purely deviatoric phenomena and one related to tensile phenomena. The validation of the model was performed based on different sets of actual tests including diagonal compression tests and pushover tests on wallets. The simple elasto-plastic model CJS-RE1 was able to capture some basic features for these two tests and may be used for a first estimate of the system resistance. The more sophisticated model CJS-RE2 was found better to retrieve the nonlinear behavior of rammed earth over a larger range of deformations throughout both a diagonal compression test and a pushover test. Finally, the modelling of interfaces between layers of earth seems oversized when the resistance of the system is investigated. However, since they may influence the simulated ductility of the system, they may be used to model the behavior of rammed earth system more precisely
Gaston, Amélie. "Développement d'une élastomère thermoplastique constitutif d'assemblages composites hates performances". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI153.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is the development of an elastomer material able to constitute the junction of two thermoplastic elastomers pieces and to absorb the deformations on these two parts. Various thermoplastic elastomers were identified and there thermomechanical behaviour was studied and compared to the thermoset elastomer presently used. Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) appeared as suitable matches? Their chemical structure, microstructure were studied as well as their mechanical properties in tensile strength and their behaviour toward multiple solicitations that highlights the Mullins effect. The Mullins Effect allows the quantification of irreversible plastic deformations which are induced by the thermoplasticity of the studied materials. It was observed that the irreversible deformations are close to the one of ther thermoset elastomer. We also focused on the existing link between the thermal and mechanical final properties at different scales, (from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale). In fact, the TPU are nanostructured materials that can contain pseudo-crystallinity and nano-phase separation that migth evolve with thermal history. This way, we tried to establish a link between the multi-scaled structure of the materials, it's processing and the resulting physical properties. Various strategies were explored to optimize the thermomechanical behaviour, either by adding nano/micro fillers or by the addition ok small amounts of ionic liquids in the polymer matrix
Da, Silva Fabrice. "L’effet d’affordance comme processus émergeant et constitutif de l’activité perceptive". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30028/document.
Testo completoPerceptual activity seems to be impacted by the actions the subject can actually carry out with regard to its environment. Nevertheless, it seems that subject action possibilities are most often considered as objective properties of the environment so that they are generally described as being preparatory to action. This thesis work has been devoted to defending the idea that on the one hand, these possibilities of action are emergent properties of the subject-environment relationship and on the other hand, they are likely to have a constitutive functional role for perceptual activity. In a first series of studies we observed that modulations in the possibilities of action lead to a reversal of the facilitation effects when subjects were to categorize prehensile objects. In a second series of studies we observed that the ability to detect an object among a set of others was impacted by the action potentials suggested by the objects but also modulated by the subject's driving engagement in the task. Finally, in a third series of studies, we have shown that the possibilities of action could play a significant functional role for subject perceptual activity. Indeed, this last work shows that in ambiguous perceptual situations, the way in which an object is categorized seems to depend on the ability of the subject to grasp it effectively. All these results seem to indicate that the action possibilities are properties of the subject-environment coupling and occupy a major place in the perceptual activity. More generally, these works constitute some arguments in favor of taking into account the whole subject-environment situation as well as the importance of the meaning of the subject actions according to the constraints that are exerted on him, here and now
Portes, Laurent. "La rédaction du brevet : acte constitutif d'un droit de propriété". Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON10048.
Testo completoBarbero, Odette. "L'expérience cartésienne : un pouvoir constitutif pour une philosophie du sujet". Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL022.
Testo completoThe concept of experience as I actually can present it in the constitution of the objects of knowledge like cogito, freedom, union of soul and body, has an original feature distinguishes the Cartesian from the meaning of the concept of experience as empiricism takes it for granted. With this notion, Descartes makes the mind capable of knowing. The certain experience does not only lead to capture some subject but it is also a mark of an evident fact or an imminent certitude. It is the same for passions which are considered as an experimentation of self and a use of rights that freedom confers, and which is the result of an actual experience and about which no doubt is possible. The experience of simple natures and common notions, like the experience of an intuitive relation between being and thought, is an absolute knowledge to which is connected a methodical order of principles and truths. In the same way, the experience of freedom and the one of the union of soul and body asserts that they are present in front of the understanding. For that reason, the Cartesian experience increases the notion of subject which can only think on the ground of his own perceptions of mind. But also, it put forward the idea of a wilful subject and not a research of deep inside mind which would lead to a self’affectation but not to a proper appreciation which distinguishes the generous soul. The Cartesian experience, in its various patterns, among which we might not forget scientific experimentation is a very philosophical one. It puts rights of subject and these of philosophy which, far away from rhetoric’s and the weight of built up knowledge, is a free and innovating way of thinking
COURONEAU, MORTREUIL NICOLAS. "Propagation par fatigue d'une fissure dans un fil constitutif d'un cable". Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2036.
Testo completoBenchabane, Hassina. "Clonage et caractérisation de l'opéron phosphoénolpyruvate fructose, phosphotransferase constitutif de Streptococcus mutans". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25494.pdf.
Testo completoDenker, Christian W. "La réalité "vécue" du spectateur comme élément constitutif de l'art de Jochen Gerz". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010527.
Testo completoLamothe, Serge. "La tierce personne, roman ; suivi de L'intertextualité, un élément constitutif du processus de création littéraire". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57815.pdf.
Testo completoBoisclair, Isabelle. "Ouvrir la voie/x, le processus constitutif d'un sous-champ littéraire féministe au Québec, 1960-1990". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0020/NQ46684.pdf.
Testo completoBoisclair, Isabelle. "Ouvrir la voie/x : le processus constitutif d'un sous-champ littéraire féministe au Québec (1960-1990)". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Cerca il testo completoSaberi, Miad. "Développement et implémentation d'un nouveau modèle constitutif d'interface avancé pour l'application dans les problèmes d'interaction sol-structure". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28237.
Testo completoThe behavior of interfaces between granular soils and structural construction materials has an important impact on the monotonic and cyclic response of many soil-structure interaction (SSI) systems such as retaining structures, buried pipelines, shallow and deep foundations, and some embankment dams. The interface as a transition medium may experience different complex behavior under different loading conditions, including stress and strain localization, sliding and separation, stress hardening/softening, stress dilatancy, accumulative contraction, stress degradation and particle breakage. Understanding the mechanics and modeling of these interface zones is an important step towards a safe and effective design and analysis of SSI problems. This doctoral thesis has three major phases: the development of new and efficient advanced interface constitutive models; the implementation of the developed interface constitutive model in a general-purpose finite element code; and consequently the application of the implemented interface constitutive model in the numerical response analysis of concrete-faced rockfill dam under earthquake ground motion. Model Development Phase: Practical and efficient advanced interface constitutive models were developed in the framework of two-surface plasticity and critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) and compatible with the concept of state parameters. The model development uses a unified formulation to simulate both monotonic and cyclic behavior of granular (sandy and gravelly) soil-structure interfaces over a wide range of soil densities and under different normal stresses and stress paths, using a single set of calibration parameters. The model considers particle breakage under shear cycles and is capable of simulating the complex interface behavior such as phase transformation, stress hardening and softening, stress degradation, cyclic accumulative contraction, cyclic contraction stabilization and stress path dependency under different loading conditions. The interface model requires eight calibration parameters to simulate gravelly soil-structure interface behavior, nine parameters to simulate the practical behavior of granular (sandy and gravel) soil-structure interfaces, and eleven calibration parameters for granular soil-structure interfaces considering particle breakage. All model parameters have physical meaning and can be readily determined using standard interface shear tests. The model capabilities were validated using experimental data collected from the literature. Model Implementation Phase: The developed interface constitutive model was implemented into a general-purpose finite element (FE) code (ABAQUS) in the form of a solid thin-layer interface element. The numerical integration scheme employed in the implementation phase was examined through simulation of different boundary value problems, including single element shear test, slide block shear test and shaft pullout test under different time step sizes. Model Application Phase: In this phase, the static and seismic responses of concrete-faced rockfill dams (CFRD) were examined considering the effect of the concrete face slab-cushion layer interaction at the interface. The effects of different elements, such as interface modeling approach, reservoir water level and interface roughness, on the response of the concrete face slab in CFRDs were evaluated under both static and dynamic conditions due to earthquake ground motion. Keywords: granular soil-structure interface, geo-structures, constitutive modeling, model development, model implementation, numerical simulation, monotonic and cyclic loading, concrete-faced rockfill dams
Bouquet, Natacha. "Le travail comme constitutif d'une identite individuelle, culturelle et/ou personnelle (questionnement dans le cadre post-moderne)". Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE29013.
Testo completoFor study the function of the work in the individual identity construction in the post-modern cultures, we want to know if the individual identity is implied in and by the post-modern work, and how it collaborate on his construction. We think that a certain work, the production work, is fundamental in the post- modern cultures. It's for this reason that it influence the identity, positively and negatively. Identity and work are human fact; but their realisation is cultural and personal. The work is a production work, and is in relation with the production and the consumption. This work influence the individual identity, but only on his cultural dimension. The personal dimension of the identity is forgotten. The reactions at the problems in relation with the work exist only at the level of the cultural dimension of the identity. They are subjected to the illusion process. It is possible to find a solution by questioning the reels reasons of personal problems. These reasons are in relation with the submission of + be ; to + have
Le, Lidec Patrick. "Les maires dans la République : l'association des maires de France, élément constitutif des régimes politiques français depuis 1907". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010315.
Testo completoNguyen, Si Hung. "Étude expérimentale de la fracturation et du comportement constitutif d'un matériau frictionnel et dilatant analogue de roche réservoir". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4040.
Testo completoThe thesis focuses on the study of rock fracturing using the granular synthetic material Crack1 analogue of rocks, such as tenacious limestone, representative of oil reservoirs. The objective of the work is to characterize quantitatively the constitutive response of the Crack1 and to relate with the fracturing regimes. The adequate experimental equipment and the system for accurate data acquisition were developed. The yield surfaces for Crack1 were derived from the experimental results allowed us to define the evolution of the internal friction coefficient which changes the sign from positive to negative with increasing confining pressure. This change marks the brittle-ductile transition in the material behaviour that was proven to be very sensitive to the type of loading. The evolution of the dilatancy factor is also linked to this transition and reflects the transition from dilatant to compactant behaviour of the material. The type of fractures and their orientation change as well : the fractures become less inclined to the major stress with increasing confining pressure. All types of fractures are obtained : shears and hybrid fractures as well as joints. The experimental results are in a reasonable agreement with the predictions of the theory of bifurcation and open perspectives for both the study of the rocks” behaviour and the physical modelling of fracturing at the scale of geological structures using rock analogue material crack1
Collins-Craft, Nicholas. "The effect of evolving micro-structural length scale on the macroscopic constitutive behaviour of granular media". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1029.
Testo completoGranular media are ubiquitous throughout the world, and developing a comprehensive understanding of their behaviour is a pressing challenge. Of particular importance is accounting for the localisation of deformation into thin bands that feature intense grain crushing. This thesis develops a framework that predicts the formation of these bands and the grain size evolution, using experimental, theoretical and numerical approaches.Our experimental approach uses spatio-temporal plotting and Fourier analysis to extract information from photographs, allowing a sub-grain resolution of the velocity field. We investigate the effect of grain size polydispersity on the width of shear bands.Our theoretical approach develops a novel constitutive model that combines two existing formulations. We enrich Breakage Mechanics citep{Einav2007a, Einav2007b} with the Cosserat continuum citep{Cosserat1909} by an elastic upscaling that includes Cosserat state variables. This regularises Breakage Mechanics, allowing it to predict strain localisation phenomena such as shear bands, and adds physical fidelity to Cosserat models.Our numerical approach uses linear stability analysis and the finite element method to determine the conditions that result in strain localisation. The linear stability analysis gives the expected initial thickness and the initial post-localisation tendencies of the system. This information informs the finite element analysis, which is used to perform a rigorous post-localisation analysis.This thesis provides a framework which can be used to explore and further model the evolution of systems that experience strain localisation accompanied by intense grain crushing, ranging from standard laboratory tests to seismogenic faults
Paiva, Marcela Ribeiro Pacheco. "Da falta ao dom : uma leitura de Clarice Lispector". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6431.
Testo completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Ce mémoire explore la littérature de Clarice Lispector en ce qui concerne l impossibilité d une rencontre amoureuse, dans le sens de l achèvement, de la cessation de l angoisse. Il considère ainsi le manque inhérent aux être humains et la possibilité, à travers le constat et l acceptation de ce manque, de transformer la perte en puissance, de faire vibrer le moteur de la vie, le désir. En fonction de cet objectif, on analysera quelques contes de Clarice Lispector, parus dans Bonheur Clandestin: Les désastres de Sofia et La légion étrangère. Cette lecture, traversée par la théorie psychanalytique, en particulier par les concepts de Lacan, cherche à mettre en relief le savoir implicite de Clarice Lispector
Este trabalho explora a literatura de Clarice Lispector no que tange à impossibilidade do encontro amoroso, no sentido de completude, de cessação de angústia. Discute dessa maneira a falta inerente ao ser falante e a possibilidade, através dessa constatação e de certa forma aceitação, de transformar perda em potência, fazendo vibrar a força motriz da vida, o desejo. Nesse intuito, faremos a análise de alguns contos de Clarice Lispector, contidos no livro Felicidade Clandestina, a saber: Os desastres de Sofia e A legião estrangeira. Nossa leitura é atravessada pela teoria psicanalítica, principalmente os conceitos de Lacan a fim de colocar em destaque o saber contido nas entrelinhas de Clarice Lispector
Haouche, Mohamed. "Etude expérimentale de l’écoulement d’un PEBD à travers un contraction 3D : Simulation numérique avec un modèle constitutif différentiel de type pom-pom". Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STET4001.
Testo completoThe present PhD work contains two principal parts. The first part is dedicated to the experimental characterization of the 3D viscoelastic flow of LDPE in different contraction geometries. This study is focused on the global flow kinematics characterized in terms of experimental particle tracking and image analysis as well as on the stress distribution characterized in terms of flow induced birefringence. It was presented a detailed analysis of the complex three-dimensional motion of the secondary flow inside the vortex region. In contrary to the two-dimensional axisymmetric flow, where the secondary vortex motion is completely separated from the bulk flow, the detected 3D vortex was proven experimentally to be open with much more complex flow kinematics. In the case of 3D planar contraction flow the material is entering the vortex region at the plane of symmetry and gradually moving to the side wall where it goes to the slit die of the contraction. In the case of 3D square to square and square to circular contraction geometry, the material is entering the vortex region at the median planes and moves in helical manner to the diagonal planes of symmetry where it goes to the capillary die of the geometry. The flow induced birefringence confirms the 3D character of the stress distribution. The main character of the 3D viscoelastic stress distribution is expressed by the presence of more flatten type of fringes in the upstream part of the contraction as well as the appearance of specific “W” shaped fringes at the beginning of the downstream part. In fact our results give the first confirmation of the 3D nature of the “W” fringes. The second part presents an extensive comparison between the experimental results of part 1 and the 3D numerical simulations based on the recently proposed Pom Pom differential model. A good up to excellent agreement in terms of flow kinematics and stress distribution was observed. These encouraging results confirm the excellent predictive capabilities of the Pom Pom differential model as well as the necessity of full 3D numerical analysis for this kind of complex 3D flows
Simon, Olivier. "Le droit international face aux différends territoriaux dans le nouveau contexte des relations internationales : contribution à l'étude du territoire comme élément constitutif". Nancy 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN20001.
Testo completoTchotourian, Ivan. "L'affectio societatis, critère de validité et de qualification du contrat de société". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20012.
Testo completoThe affectio societatis remains a useful notion. The judges and the authors take into account its presence to determine the nullity, the fictivité and the qualification of "company" or "partner". The affectio societatis is a criterium used on two plans. On one side, the affectio societatis is a criterion of validity of the social orders. In its absence, the nullity of the company can be pronounced and the fictivité of the grouping can be recognized. In contrast, its presence returns more than doubtful the validity of companies created in sleep. On the other hand, the affectio societatis is a criterion of qualification of the contract. In the first place, it intervenes to establish the existence of companies devoid of moral personality. Secondly, it intervenes to distinguish the company of the other forms of common property, groupings (association, G.I.E., syndicate) or of contracts (work, loan, lease, sale, mandate, franchising, concession, enterprise, publishing, collaboration). The moldable characteristic of the affectio societatis not preventing inevitably from confining it, a proposition of definition can be made : the affectio societatis is the will to integrate a group, endowed or not with the legal personality and in whom each will collaborate actively with the other members or the organs in the march of the business, in the realization of a new and common economic objective, at the same time as each will contribute to the risks of the company
Cheng, Wenyu. "Modélisation de l'usinage de l'alliage de titane Ti-6AI-4V utilisant un modèle constitutif prenant en compte l'état de contrainte dans la zone de déformation". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0055.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to propose a constitutive model of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and apply it to the metal cutting simulation. This constitutive model includes the most relevant parameters affecting the mechanical behavior (plasticity and damage) of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy in metal cutting (i.e. the state of stress and the strain-rate). Special specimens were designed to generate a wide range of states of stress (i.e. triaxiality and Lode angle) in mechanical testing, which are representative of the metal cutting process. An optimization-based procedure was developed to determine the coefficients of the constitutive model with high accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed constitutive model to describe the mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under different states of stress was confirmed by comparing the experimental and simulated results of the mechanical tests. Finally, orthogonal cutting and turning models of Ti-6Al-4V including the proposed constitutive model were developed and applied to predict the forces, temperatures, chip geometry and the surface integrity in the machined surface and subsurface. The accuracy of these machining models was evaluated by comparing the simulated and experimental results
Masson, Josselin. "Effets de la modification d’un attribut constitutif d’un produit alimentaire sur son adoption par les consommateurs : le cas du vin à teneur réduite en alcool". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0017/document.
Testo completoIn the marketing literature which focuses on innovation adoption by consumers, the adoption process is explained mostly by consumer innovativeness. However, some research works show that the new product's perceived cues can better explain its adoption than individual characteristics. Our work lies in the latter perspective and contributes to explain cognitive and sensory mechanisms of adoption, making a careful distinction between extrinsic and intrinsic effects of new product cues. Moreover, most research works use unique and immediate measurements while it appears necessary to make repeated measurements. Therefore, we implement longitudinal methodologies in this research. Three experimentations show lower quality expectations with the modified non-sensory cue (reduced alcohol content) than with the usual non-sensory cue (normal alcohol content). However, perception of this non-sensory information on modification is not sufficiently negative to reduce the overall perceived quality of the new product which remains close to that of the regular product. Therefore, both judging by its taste and conceptually, a new food product (i.e. low-alcohol wine) seems acceptable, at least as long as it does not move away too far from limits of the products category to which it belongs
Baudrier, Lou. "Régulation des gènes CYP2B de rongeurs : analyses d'une région régulatrice intronique et de l'effet du récepteur constitutif des androstanes sur l'induction de Cyp2b10 par la dexaméthasone". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26409.
Testo completoLe, Pense Solenn. "Modélisation hydro-mécanique du couplage endommagement-plasticité dans les géomatériaux non saturés". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1122/document.
Testo completoThis thesis work objective is the development of a hydro-mechanical constitutive model which accounts for damage-plasticity couplings in unsaturated geomaterials. The coupling of this model with hydraulic transfers is made possible by its implementation into the Finite Element code Theta-Stock. In order to achieve this implementation, a specific stress-point algorithm has been developed. Fully coupled hydro-mechanical problems have been simulated, such as the creation of the Excavation Damaged Zone around a tunnel and the initiation of damage due to desiccation and humidification. A double effective stress incorporating both the effect of suction and damage (assumed isotropic) is defined based on thermodynamical considerations. The advantage of this approach is that it results in a unique stress variable being thermodynamically conjugated to elastic strains. A pressure-dependent hyperelastic formulation is used to describe the behaviour inside the elastic domain. The evolution of elastic rigidities with damage is then studied. Two hypotheses are compared, the principle of strain equivalence and the principle of equivalent energy. Coupling between damage and plasticity phenomena is achieved by following the principle of strain equivalence and incorporating the effective stress into plasticity equations. The plasticity framework is based on the Barcelona Basic Model (Alonso extit{et al.}, 1990), itself based on the Cam-Clay model. Two distinct criteria are defined for damage and plasticity, which can be activated either independently or simultaneously. Their formulation in terms of effective stress and suction allows them to evolve in the total stress space with suction and damage changes. This leads to a direct coupling between damage and plasticity and allows the model to capture the ductile/brittle behaviour transition occurring when clays are drying. A specific explicit algorithm has been developed to handle the association of the two dissipative phenomena. The implementation of the constitutive model into the Finite Element code Theta-Stock allowed for the simulation of fully coupled hydro-mechanical problems. The hydraulic transfer laws also consider the saturation state. This fully coupled model is first applied to simulate the development of micro-cracks during desiccation of a soil sample. Damage initiation is explained mainly by the important pressure gradient appearing at the boundary when applying a high suction change. Finally, a full-scale problem is simulated. The excavation of a tunnel, the desaturation of the surrounding soil and the creation of the excavation damaged zone are studied
Wang, Jun. "Modélisation du comportement thermomécanique et cyclique des matériaux à mémoire de forme en transformations finies". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLY013/document.
Testo completoShape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are a class of smart materials that possess two salient features known as pseudoelasticity (PE) and shape memory effect(SME). In industrial applications, SMA structures are typically subjected to complex service conditions, such as large deformations, thermomechanically coupled boundaries and loadings, and cyclic loadings. The reliability and durability analysis of these SMA structures requires a good understanding of constitutive behavior in SMAs. To this end, this work develops a comprehensive constitutive modeling approach to investigate thermomechanical and cyclic behavior of SMAs in fi nite deformations. The work is generally divided into three steps. First, to improve accuracy of SMA model infinite deformation regime, the ZM model proposed by Zaki and Moumni (2007b) is extended within a fi nite-strain thermodynamic framework. Moreover, the transformation strain is decomposed into phase transformation and martensite reorientation components to capture multi-axial non-proportional response. Secondly, in addition to the fi nite deformation, thermomechanical coupling effect is taken into account by developing a new fi nite-strain thermomechanical constitutive model. A more straightforward approach is obtained by using the fi nite Hencky strain. This model incorporates three important thermomechanical characteristics, namely the coexistence effect between austenite and two distinct martensite variants, the variation with temperature of hysteresis size, and the smooth transition at initiation and completion of phase transformation. Finally, with a view to studying SMA behavior under cyclic loading, the model developed in the second step is generalized to describe cyclic pseudoelasticity of polycrystalline SMAs. The generalized model captures four fundamental characteristics related to the cyclic behavior of SMAs: large accumulated residual strain, degeneration of pseudoelasticity and hysteresis loop, rate dependence, and evolution of phase transformation from abrupt to smooth transition. Numerical implementation of these models are realized by introducing proper integration algorithms. Finite element simulations, including orthodontic archwire, helical and torsion spring actuators, are carried out using the proposed models. The future directions of this work mainly involve plasticity and fatigue analysis of SMA structures
Ouali, Dorra. "L'immatriculation au registre du commerce : étude des droits tunisien et français". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D080/document.
Testo completoThe register of commerce entails a dual aspect of both a civil institution and of an administrative police. The private interest of the third party as well as the public interest of the State are simultaneously present and safeguarded. Nevertheless, one might ask if the drafters of the law pertaining to the register of commerce have set up a critical situation by not taking into account sufficient concern for the legal security. The answer to this question depends on the study of the legal effects linked to registration. The target of this paper is to provide a comparative study of the Tunisian law and French law whereby it has been found that a definition of the registration by its constituent effect is not able to tackle this institution as a whole. It is about an ambivalent registration concept. It is ambivalent as to its role because of the heterogeneity of its constituent effects and the diversity of these effects. It is also ambivalent as to its purpose, since protecting the third party is not its priority. First, a certain legal existence is admitted to the company before its registration. There exists even a particular notion of the artificial entity of the company which is considered both procedural and legal, advocated by the judge in order to satisfy the needs of the case far away from the registration formalities. Moreover, the control that registration is subject to prove to be a very formal one i.e. it does not prevent the dissolution of the registered company. Finally, registration does not purify the anomalies of the situation that a third party may face as it creates as such an apparent situation. Through the presumption technique as well as the opposability implemented by registration, the legislator is much more defending the appearance than the reality. The legislator also acknowledges a qualification of a nonregistered situation. However, registration rules as well as its defects turn to be insufficient. On the one hand, it does not solve all lawsuits, which makes the theory of appearance the best guarantee of an absolute security for third parties. On the other hand, taking into account a de facto situation turns to be useless as we have noticed a quasi-complete assimilation between a registered trader and a non-registered one. The contrast is striking with the notion of the de facto situation since the legislator has accepted to treat it in the same way as a registered company. In order to avoid the disturbance of legal order caused by this simulation, the legislator opted for a peaceful settlement of the conflicting situation through either a judge or a court order for registration. Since these measures are the prerogatives of a physical person, the question to tackle is to what extent these measures can be extended to suit the interests of the non-registered companies
Le, Pense Solenn, e Pense Solenn Le. "Modélisation hydro-mécanique du couplage endommagement-plasticité dans les géomatériaux non saturés". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00975225.
Testo completoWang, Jun. "Modélisation du comportement thermomécanique et cyclique des matériaux à mémoire de forme en transformations finies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLY013.
Testo completoShape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are a class of smart materials that possess two salient features known as pseudoelasticity (PE) and shape memory effect(SME). In industrial applications, SMA structures are typically subjected to complex service conditions, such as large deformations, thermomechanically coupled boundaries and loadings, and cyclic loadings. The reliability and durability analysis of these SMA structures requires a good understanding of constitutive behavior in SMAs. To this end, this work develops a comprehensive constitutive modeling approach to investigate thermomechanical and cyclic behavior of SMAs in fi nite deformations. The work is generally divided into three steps. First, to improve accuracy of SMA model infinite deformation regime, the ZM model proposed by Zaki and Moumni (2007b) is extended within a fi nite-strain thermodynamic framework. Moreover, the transformation strain is decomposed into phase transformation and martensite reorientation components to capture multi-axial non-proportional response. Secondly, in addition to the fi nite deformation, thermomechanical coupling effect is taken into account by developing a new fi nite-strain thermomechanical constitutive model. A more straightforward approach is obtained by using the fi nite Hencky strain. This model incorporates three important thermomechanical characteristics, namely the coexistence effect between austenite and two distinct martensite variants, the variation with temperature of hysteresis size, and the smooth transition at initiation and completion of phase transformation. Finally, with a view to studying SMA behavior under cyclic loading, the model developed in the second step is generalized to describe cyclic pseudoelasticity of polycrystalline SMAs. The generalized model captures four fundamental characteristics related to the cyclic behavior of SMAs: large accumulated residual strain, degeneration of pseudoelasticity and hysteresis loop, rate dependence, and evolution of phase transformation from abrupt to smooth transition. Numerical implementation of these models are realized by introducing proper integration algorithms. Finite element simulations, including orthodontic archwire, helical and torsion spring actuators, are carried out using the proposed models. The future directions of this work mainly involve plasticity and fatigue analysis of SMA structures
Zhang, Yuhao. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement poromécanique d'une roche argileuse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN061.pdf.
Testo completoThis work has been carried out in the context of studies for the geological disposal of radioactive waste. The main objective is to complete previous works on the characterization of poromechanical behavior of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) clay, which is envisaged as the geological barrier in France. The work is composed of two parts.In the first part, an experimental study is carried out. Laboratory tests on saturated samples are carried out to estimate Biot's coefficient under hydrostatic compression on the one hand, and its evolution during deviatoric loading on the other. Tests were then conducted under undrained conditions. Two loading paths were considered: triaxial compression with constant confining pressure and axial extension with constant mean stress. In particular, we studied the variation in pore pressure as a function of deviatoric loading and its influence on the material's resistance to fracture.The second part is devoted to numerical modelling. A new plasticity criterion is proposed, taking into account the effect of the Lode angle. The validity of the effective Terzaghi stress in the plastic deformation and fracture criterion is studied. Based on this criterion, a plastic model is formulated. The associated parameters are identified. The proposed model is used to simulate several series of laboratory tests
Covu, Diégo. "Les formes du réalisme scientifique : l’empirisme de Locke et le naturalisme contemporain". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3078.
Testo completoThe very fact of being engaged in an explicative program, canonically called philosophical, calls us to this presupposition of an affinity between world and words. We propose in the introduction a coherentist approach to philosophical systems, defined as worldviews where ontology and epistemology are in charge of mutual support. In Locke’s empiricism, the epistemological line defined by his empiricism is coupled to a corpuscularist conception of reality. We’ll show that the lines of tension existing between those two positions are consolidated by a deeply realistic doxastic attitude, bringing to the famous thesis of the likeness between real and perceived first qualities. The science of that time is thus promoted by a rationalist line of a deep affinity between the categories that make our environment intelligible and the very reality. Today’s naturalism leans entirely on the intelligibility that we have of reality through scientific activities, so founding the reappearance of ontology as this ideal of rational access to reality, by means of largely a priori procedures, that our sciences flush. If the pretentions of the metaphysicians to meet those objectives have to be deceived, it seems more judicious to value the mathematical a priori which, pace Quine’s model of the seamless web of belief, seems empirically incorrigible. It’s unreasonable effectiveness in the heuristics of our fundamental sciences places effectively it in the very first line in the constitution of the different strata of objectivation of our environnement
Ribeiro, Jaçana. "O simulacro da alteridade : uma análise discursiva do ritual de libertação e cura da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10751.
Testo completoA crítica das ciências humanas às afirmações categóricas sobre a centralidade do homem como sujeito pleno de sua consciência, centro e origem de si e da sociedade tem possibilitado um estudo menos egocêntrico e menos preconceituoso do fenômeno da possessão, como é o caso das interpretações sociológicas e antropológicas sobre a possessão no pentecostalismo brasileiro. Com base em alguns desses trabalhos, apresentamos o olhar específico da análise do discurso sobre o ritual de possessão e exorcismo neopentecostal da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, determinado por sua relação com as religiões afro-brasileiras. Segundo as bases teóricas da Análise de Discurso, o estudo de qualquer discurso deve estar relacionado ao estudo de sua dependência a pré-construídos que lhe são anteriores e que, desse modo, são divididos entre o texto e o fora do texto, formando uma unidade com fronteiras porosas e moventes que determina a heterogeneidade do sentido e do sujeito. É portanto com base na dependência ao outro que constitui todo enunciado que apresentamos uma análise do fenômeno da possessão neopentecostal como um ritual discursivo em que a presença do outro (entidade possessora) só ocorre na dependência do Outro (discurso). Na apresentação do trabalho, a primeira parte apresenta os pressupostos teóricos, objeto e procedimentos metodológicos da análise. Na segunda parte, dividimos a análise propriamente dita em quatro capítulos, correspondentes a quatro momentos do ritual. Examinamos a ritualização lingüístico-discursiva de cada um desses momentos observando como o funcionamento discursivo dessas etapas pressupõe a existência de um alhures que se apresenta no seio da unidade do discurso neopentecostal da IURD, sobretudo no momento do ato de exorcismo. Pretendemos, portanto, ao longo da análise do ritual de libertação e cura, apresentar o funcionamento discursivo da produção do simulacro da alteridade do discurso neopentecostal da IURD.
Junior, Wanderley Camargo Russo. "Desenvolvimento de um modelo hipoplástico que represente efeitos do sobreadensamento". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3145/tde-19092006-170548/.
Testo completoModifications in a hypoplastic model are proposed intending to represent the mechanical behavior of overconsolidated clays. The overconsolidation ratio, the cohesion intercept and indices that represent overconsolidation characteristics are introduced in the model, resulting in parameters with a clear physical meaning and of easy to determine. The constitutive equation is then calibrated with parameters of overconsolidated soils and the capacity of the models of representing the behavior of two soils in particular is checked, confronting the theoretical predictions with experimental results in several loading situations and in a wide overconsolidation ratio range. It is verified that the modifications introduced into hypoplastic model contemplates significant advances in the representation of the effects of overconsolidation, like the curvature of the strength envelope in the overconsolidation region, the increase of the deformability modulus with the overconsolitadion ratio, different stiffness in loading and reloading, the increase of the deviator stress at failure in overconsolidated soils, presenting peak deviator stress, a decrease of the tendency to volumetric contraction with the increase of the overconsolidation ratio, including to the volumetric expansion, and, in undrained tests, negative pore pressure when the soil is heavily overconsolidated.
Cracco, Amélie. "Les cοnséquences du Brexit sur la liberté de circulatiοn des persοnnes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR073.
Testo completoIn accordance with the commitment made by the conservative party, the Leave victory in the referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union triggered the procedure set out in Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. Above all, the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union raised the question of the future relationship between the two entities. The prominence given to free movement of people during the referendum campaign prompted London to consider the various scenarios in the light of the possibilities offered in terms of controlling movements from Member States. They came down to an alternative: either to adapt free movement of people or to dismantle it. The first option did not fit well with the quest for sovereignty expressed during the campaign. Through the implementation of the second, the British government intended to demonstrate its ability to draw the consequences of withdrawal within the constrained timetable of the exit and to normalise relations with the European Union by bringing the treatment of EU citizens and their family members into line with the ordinary law on foreign nationals. In the absence of acquired rights, this undertaking required a transitional regime to be put in place to enable people who had exercised their right to free movement and whose situation was ongoing to continue to benefit from it.In the United Kingdom, alignment with ordinary law was not achieved without adaptations. It first led to a liberalisation of the immigration system, the main aim of which was to protect the dynamic and flexible labour market from deficiencies that could destabilise it. However, the consecutive increase in immigration from non-EU countries resulted in further restrictions of the conditions that the entry and residence of EU citizens and their family members has been subject to. The logic of reciprocity behind this alignment has led to a twofold phenomenon : loss of rights and redistribution of prospects for cross-mobility between, on the one hand, the European Union and its Member States and, on the other, the United Kingdom. Despite the ambition pursued, alignment has nevertheless remained incomplete. Pragmatism called for a preferential treatment in certain respects, which reflects a desire to preserve an essentially commercial relationship. The case of Ireland, where the United Kingdom has consistently reaffirmed its attachment to the Common Travel Area, is a noteworthy exception
Parjouet, Claire. "Une méta-constitution, la constitution de transition". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PAUU2148.
Testo completoConstitution-making process are processes whereby one constitution is replaced by another. They are regularly structured by a collection of texts. These transitional corpus form what can be described as constitutional law for constitutional construction. As a product of political actors choices, they reflect a reappropriation of classic constitutional tools and concepts in line with the issues and imperatives of the moment. In this sense, the law seems to be used as an instrument to normalise an abnormal period. The result is a series of contradictions that make it particularly com-plex to understand these texts, whether in terms of their nature or their function. A number of con-cepts have already been presented by legal writers in order to highlight some of their specific fea-tures. Following on from these reflections, this study proposes to use the concept of meta-constitutional law to define and analyse this paradoxical law
Posada, Fernández M. Teresa. "Ruptura de la pareja de hecho: La influencia de la doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional sobre los derechos y deberes de los convivientes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666834.
Testo completoNo state regulation exists from the legal statute of the domestic partnership. There are state rules that partially regulate particular aspects of the life of the non-marital cohabitation. At the level of autonomy legislation, the regulation has been, nevertheless, extensive and very detailed in some cases such as the Catalan one, but Constitutional Court Judgments No. 81/2013 of 11 April, No. 93/2013 of 23 April and No. 110/2016 of 9 June, have declared the unconstitutionality of a significant part of some of these laws. Consequently, it has updated the debate on the future of the rest of autonomic rules which regulate the rights and duties of the cohabitants, as well as the opportunity to render a state legislation in this respect. In accordance with article 149.1.8 of the Constitution, only Autonomous Communities with special or territorial rights, which had been the subject of compilation at the entry into force of the Constitution, can lay down rules in civil matters; therefore, The Constitutional Court extended in the judgment No. 121/1992 of 28 September the possibility that those Autonomous Communities with regional or local civil rules and those of customary formation preexisting to the Constitution can also enact civil legislation. Constitutional Court Judgment No. 93/2013 of 23 April, declares unconstitutional many of the articles of Law 6/2000 of 3 July for the Legal Equality of Stable Couples for not respecting the free development of the personality of the cohabitants, fundamental right that sustains the cohabitation of the de facto partnership. Constitutional Court Judgment No. 81/2013 of 11 April, examines the unconstitutionality of Law 11/2001 of 19 December, of Common-law partnership of the Community of Madrid, considering some of the precepts unconstitutional. Constitutional Court Judgment No. 110/2016 of 9 June, declares unconstitutional many of the articles of Law 5/2012 of 5 October of Common-law formalised partnerships of the Community of Valencia. In theses two cases, the unconstitutionality rests on the lack of legislative competence of both Communities to dictate civil rules. In all cases, what is highlighted is the rejection that the rights and duties of the parties, both during the cohabitation and its cessation, are regulated or imposed by the common-law. In this context, the establishment of rights and obligations that are not the result of agreement and taken accordingly, constricts the free development of the personality (art. 10 of the Spanish Constitution). Notwithstanding the protection of article 39 of the Spanish Constitution to cohabitation, this is not comparable to marriage, being considered by constitutional jurisprudence as a reality not equivalent to marriage. In conclusion, the existing situation after the Constitutional Court doctrine is of uncertainty for the cohabitants, and in any case, the covenant is elevated to essential category for the regulation of all issues which may arise between the parties. Through issues of unconstitutionality that the courts will pose in the future, it is possible to declare the nullity of the precepts of other existing autonomic laws on the subject for the reasons stated. This is without prejudice to continue applying criteria already admitted by the jurisprudence to resolve conflicts between the parties, such as unjust enrichment or the protection of the most affected partner, considering the already discarded application of analogy.
Antoun, Adib. "Constitution et esprit politique libanais : (constitution de 1926)". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010620.
Testo completoLebanese constitution and its political spirit", thesis planned out in my anxiety to bring forth scientific truth pertaining thereto; truth, discarded from all that belongs to either hermeneutics or poetics, merely supported by facts and hypothesis susceptible of rational, conclusive proofs - within scientific truth that is nei- ther uchronic nor utopist, its essence is indefectibly interacted with history. Double is the meaning of "scientific truth" in connection with this subject : mathematical truth relevant from the so-called exact sciences, and philosophical truth belonging to the social sciences realm, since philosophy is in a constant state of development. So, my option for the recognition of the independant, political lebanese identity, for the abrogation of the 1926 constitution - still in force - and for the re-organi- sation of lebanon political life is, therefore, the logical and normal conclusion surged out of the necessity to accept an authentical harmony between a realistic situation and the legal aspect of the state. - the lebanese crisis, fed by local incoherency is, at the same time, manipulated by foreign interferences. I must add that, from the very start, this foreing handling of lebanese divergences, rapidly brought them to explosion, confirming, doubtlessly, that the annihilation of all of lebanon human value was the very aim to be attained. Humanity who, at present, is so deeply ashamed of past genocides will, later, feel its shame
Reis, Martina Costa 1986. "Constitutive modeling of electrochemical systems via the Müller-Liu entropy principle = Modelagem constitutiva de sistemas eletroquímicos através do princípio de entropia Müller-Liu". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249906.
Testo completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Este trabalho descreve a termodinâmica de sistemas eletroquímicos. Explorando os princípios da teoria constitutiva, algumas hipóteses ad hoc e, em especial, o princípio de entropia Müller-Liu, modelos termo-eletroquímicos são propostos para soluções eletrolíticas e para as regiões de bulk e dupla camada de um sistema eletroquímico. A influência das interações íon-íon e íon-solvente sobre a dinâmica da mistura é considerada através da termodinâmica de contínuos polares e as equações de balanço são apropriadamente postuladas. Além disso, equações fenomenológicas são apresentadas para uma solução eletrolítica diluída e isotrópica e as condições para o equilíbrio termodinâmico local do bulk e da dupla camada são investigadas. Comparando-se as desigualdades residuais de entropia obtidas para cada região, foi demonstrado que alguns processos, tais como os fenômenos de difusão térmica, termoeletricidade e eletroforese, desenvolvem-se somente na dupla camada. Consequentemente, o estado de equilíbrio termodinâmico local na dupla camada requer condições termodinâmicas mais severas do que no bulk. Apesar das equações constitutivas serem as mais simples possíveis, os modelos constitutivos propostos para as regiões de dupla camada e bulk são fisicamente consistentes e mais abrangentes do que os modelos eletroquímicos usuais, visto que as equações e relações termodinâmicas obtidas não se limitam às condições limites e nem de equilíbrio. Portanto, a descrição termodinâmica mostrada neste trabalho pode estimular químicos e engenheiros químicos a usar a abordagem contínua no estudo da mobilidade iônica em meios bio e geológicos, fluxos de íons e de outras espécies químicas através de membranas e processos cujas transferências de calor e massa são intensificadas por campos eletromagnéticos
Abstract: This work concerns the thermodynamics of electrochemical systems. Exploiting the principles of constitutive theory, few expedient assumptions, and, in special, the Müller-Liu entropy principle, a thermo-electrochemical continuum model is proposed for electrolyte solutions as well as for the bulk and double layer regions of an electrochemical system. The influence of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions on the mixture dynamics is taken into account through the thermodynamics of polar materials and balance laws for an electrochemical system are accordingly stated. In addition, phenomenological equations are schemed for a dilute and isotropic electrolyte solution, and the conditions for local thermodynamic equilibrium of bulk and double layer regions are investigated. Comparing the residual entropy inequalities obtained for each region of an electrochemical system, it is shown that some mechanisms develop only in the double layer, such as the thermal diffusion, thermoelectricity and electrophoresis phenomena. As a consequence, the local thermodynamic equilibrium state in the double layer requires stricter conditions than in the bulk. Although the constitutive equations are the simplest possible, the constitutive models proposed for the double layer and bulk regions are physically consistent and more comprehensive than the usual models since the emerging equations do not constrain themselves to equilibrium neither limiting conditions. Therefore, the thermodynamic description provided in this work may stimulate chemists and chemical engineers to take advantage of it to study the flow of ions and other chemical species across cell membranes, ionic mobility in bio and geological media, and processes whose heat and mass transfers are enhanced by electromagnetic fields
Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutora em Ciências
Serra, Àguila Albert. "Propuesta de nuevos modelos constitutivos para caracterización viscoelástica de materiales termoplásticos". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127157.
Testo completoEl presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos fundamentales: 1) Obtener modelos matemáticos para definir el comportamiento de algunos materiales termoplásticos específicos a partir de los datos del análisis dinamomecánico (DMA) y poder predecir los módulos de tracción y de creep sin usar la máquina universal de ensayos (MUE). 2) Obtener códigos de simulación donde el usuario pueda predecir estos mismos módulos de tracción y de creep introduciendo los parámetros de entrada necesarios. Estos parámetros son la velocidad de deformación, el tiempo y la temperatura. Así, el concepto básico de este proyecto es el siguiente: a partir de los datos de DMA, y con el uso de sofisticados modelos matemáticos, se puede predecir la respuesta del material en ensayos de tracción o de creep (o de relajación de tensiones) sin realizar más experiencias. Para ensayos de tracción la respuesta se encuentra en función de la velocidad de deformación y de la temperatura del material. Para ensayos de creep (o de relajación de tensiones) la respuesta se encuentra en función del tiempo y de la temperatura del material. Lo mismo puede realizarse con programas de simulación introduciendo los parámetros necesarios. Una vez realizada la caracterización a partir de los valores experimentados en DMA, se pueden predecir otros resultados cualesquiera dentro del rango de trabajo. Esto se consigue simulando otras experiencias mediante un simulador computacional, ahorrando tiempo y dinero. En esta tesis, los bucles de tracción y de creep han sido realizados para tres materiales. Sin embargo, el procedimiento mostrado en este trabajo puede ser aplicado a distintas matrices, con o sin fibras. Esta tesis presenta distintas contribuciones: 1) Creación de un nuevo modelo matemático para el bucle de tracción en función de la velocidad de deformación y de la temperatura. 2) Subrutina para poder alimentar un código en ANSYS® permitiendo introducir diferentes velocidades de deformación. 3) Creación de dos nuevos modelos matemáticos para el bucle de creep mediante la introducción de coeficientes alfa en el dominio de la frecuencia. 4) Modificaciones de los coeficientes de los modelos matemáticos para el bucle de creep para pasar del dominio de la frecuencia al dominio del tiempo. 5) Desarrollo de ecuaciones para determinar los parámetros de las series de Prony (modelos generalizados de Kelvin-Voigt y de Maxwell) con n=1 o n=2. 6) Desarrollo de ecuaciones para determinar los coeficientes del modelo generalizado de Kelvin-Voigt a partir de los coeficientes del modelo generalizado de Maxwell o viceversa, con n=1 o n=2, para poder cambiar de modelo. 7) Descripción de un procedimiento para desarrollar los modelos matemáticos que pueden ser aplicados a otros materiales termoplásticos. En resumen, con estas contribuciones, se proponen nuevos modelos de ecuaciones para estudiar estas propiedades mecánicas en función de la velocidad de deformación (en tests de tracción), del tiempo (en tests de creep), y de la temperatura (en ambos tests).
The present work has two fundamental objectives: 1) Obtaining of mathematical models to define the behavior of some specific thermoplastic materials from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) data and predict tensile and creep moduli without using the universal testing machine (MUE). 2) Obtaining of simulation codes where the user can predict these same tensile and creep moduli introducing the necessary input parameters. These parameters are strain rate, time and temperature. So, the base concept of this project is the following: from DMA data, and with the use of sophisticated mathematical models, the response of the material in tensile or creep (or stress relaxation) assays can be predicted without any further experimentation. For tensile assays, the response is given as a function of strain rate and temperature of the material. For creep (or stress relaxation) assays, the response is given as a function of time and temperature of the material. The same can be done with simulation programs introducing the necessary parameters. Once this characterization is done for the values experimented in DMA, one can predict any other results within the working range. It allows simulating other experiments through a computational simulator, to save time and money. In this thesis, tensile and creep loops are performed with three materials. However, the procedure shown in this work can be applied to different matrices, with or without fibers. There are several contributions of this thesis: 1) Creation of a new mathematical model for tensile loop as a function of strain rate and temperature. 2) Subroutine to feed an ANSYS® code with the introduction of different strain rates. 3) Creation of two new mathematical models for creep loop with the introduction of alpha coefficients in the frequency domain. 4) Modifications of the coefficients of the mathematical models for creep loop to pass from frequency domain to time domain. 5) Development of equations to determine the parameters of the Prony series (generalized Kelvin-Voigt and generalized Maxwell models) with n=1 or n=2. 6) Development of equations to determine the coefficients of the generalized Kelvin-Voigt model from the coefficients of the generalized Maxwell model or the other way round, with n=1 or n=2, to change the model. 7) Description of the procedure to develop the mathematical models that can be applied to other thermoplastic materials. In conclusion, with these contributions, new models of equations to study these mechanical properties are proposed as a function of strain rate (in tensile tests), time (in creep tests) and temperature (in both tests).
Pelaez, Alvaro. "Matemáticas, unidad sintética y a priori constitutivo". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2007. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112956.
Testo completoPartiendo del énfasis sobre la idea kantiana de originaria unidadsintética de apercepción como la función básica sobre la cual descansa laproducción de todo juicio sintético, en este artículo defiendo la idea de a prioriconstitutivo de la experiencia bajo la forma de un principio sintético semejantepero esencialmente formal, a saber, el concepto de transformación y grupo detransformaciones. Paralelamente, intento mostrar, también, que Kant se inspiró,para articular su propia concepción, en las matemáticas, especialmente en lageometría sintética.
Karim, Taisir Mahmudo 1962. "Dos nomes à história - o processo constitutivo de um estado = Mato Grosso = From names to history - the constitutive process of a stade : Mato Grosso". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270579.
Testo completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, refletimos sobre a questão dos sentidos constitutivos dos espaços urbanos - as cidades - nos acontecimentos de sua nomeação, a partir da perspectiva da Semântica do Acontecimento. Tomamos como materialidade linguística para as análises, os nomes atribuídos ao Estado e às cidades do Mato Grosso. Analisamos o processo de semantização desses nomes a partir do seu funcionamento e assim, procuramos mostrar de que modo esse movimento semântico constrói sentidos que passam a significar o espaço urbano caracterizando-o, como a identidade do Estado/cidade e dos que ali vivem. Pontualmente, buscamos mostrar a constituição da rede semântica designativa do acontecimento de nomeação construída nas relações enunciativas do funcionamento do nome. Assim, tratamos a questão do acontecimento de nomeação das cidades, levando-se em conta essa rede que se apresenta no movimento constitutivo do relevo semântico dos nomes. De um lado, tratamos das estruturas formais dos nomes, mostramos o modo como uma palavra ou expressão se constitui em um nome (o funcionamento de sua estrutura morfossintática), de outro, analisamos o movimento designativo dos nomes (funcionamento semânticoenunciativo). Mostramos que esse processo de semantização dos nomes considera os sentidos como constituídos na enunciação compreendida como um acontecimento histórico-social. Dessa forma, evidenciamos, a partir dessa reflexão, o funcionamento designativo no acontecimento de nomeação desses espaços urbanos - as cidades - considerando o conflito político próprio da linguagem, construído incessantemente nas relações enunciativas entre sujeitos da língua nas práticas sociais. Mostramos, assim, em que medida palavras ou expressões, ao significarem na tensão desse conflito, podem ou não se sobrepor uma em relação às outras e se estabilizar enquanto nome, e a partir dessa estabilidade, de que modo os sentidos dos nomes, instalados no conflito fizeram e fazem parte das histórias que constroem a própria história de significação dos nomes que dão existência à identidade sócio-histórica do Estado de Mato Grosso e de suas cidades
Abstract: In this work, we propose a reflection about the constitutive senses of the urban space - the cities - also, in the events of its nomination, by the light of Semantics of the Event. We assumed the names assigned to the State and the cities of Mato Grosso as linguistic materiality for this analyses. We analyze the semantic process of these names right from their functioning and thus, we show the way this semantic movement constructs senses that shall mean the urban space featuring it, as the identity of the State/City and of those who live there. Actually, we aim to show the formation of the designative semantic naming network of the event which is constructed by/in the enunciatively relations of the functioning of the names. So that we treat the issue of naming event of cities, taking into account this network that presents itself in a constitutive movement of the semantic relief of the names. On the other hand, we treat the formal structures of the names, as we show how a word or phrase turns itself into a name (the functioning of its morphsyntactic structure), on the other, we analyze the designative movement of the names (the semantic-enunciatively functioning). We show that this semantic process of the names considers the senses as constituted in the enunciation understood as a socialhistoric event. This way, we present evidence over this reflection, of the designative functioning of the event in the naming of these urban spaces - the cities - considering the political conflict intrinsic of the language itself, incessantly built in enunciatively relations between subjects of language in social practices. We show thus, the extent to which words or phrases, by the time they mean in the tension of this conflict, may or may not overlap each other and get itself stabilized as names. And right from this stability, to show how the meanings of names, installed in the conflict, have been and still are part of the stories that build the history of the meaning of the names itself which give life to the social-historical identity of the State of Mato Grosso and its cities
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
Vieira, Sobrinho Hamilton. "Nacionaliza??o do trabalho e constitui??o: an?lise das regras de nacionaliza??o do trabalho ? luz do princ?pio da isonomia". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13983.
Testo completoThere is a clear relationship between citizenship and labor market. While foreign nationals are equal in dignity and rights in the laws governing the employment of this labor force. Motivated by reasons of state security or political direction, such laws to a greater or lesser degree, create establish a system of worker protection in the face of the foreign national. These rules have a direct impact on economic regulation, as they can affect the supply of skilled labor or not, articulating with the economic order envisaged by the 1988 Constitution. The Constitution adopts several principles in its economic order, so that the issues involving the rules of the nationalization of all work must be considered in a systematic way, one can not choose a pleasure interpreter. The nationalization of the work rules are not unique to Brazil, similar rules exist in several countries of South America and Africa. In Europe they already existed, but lost out on the basis of treaties setting up the European Union, although other mechanisms are used for the purpose of protecting the citizens of the member states, making policies equal treatment legislation symbolic. The nationalization of the work rules governing the relationship between nationality and the labor market and are in a legal category, which has a function to fulfill in the Brazilian legal system. Not all rules nationalization violate the principle of equality, as it is possible, depending on the circumstance indeed adopt a criterion that implies differentiation between nationals and foreigners. The Constitution has a will arising from its normative force, so that the assumptions it (constitution) used to discriminate may also be possible by ordinary legislation, since the situation is actually justifiably constitutional
Existe uma inequ?voca rela??o entre nacionalidade e mercado de trabalho. Embora os estrangeiros sejam iguais aos nacionais em dignidade e direitos, as legisla??es disciplinam o emprego desta for?a de trabalho, criando uma prefer?ncia aos cidad?os nacionais. Motivados por imperativos de Seguran?a do Estado ou por direcionamento pol?tico, tais legisla??es, em maior ou menor grau, estabelecem um sistema de prote??o do trabalhador nacional em face do estrangeiro. Essas normas t?m impacto direto na regula??o econ?mica, porquanto afetam a oferta de m?o de obra especializada, dada sua articula??o com as regras da Ordem econ?mica preconizada pela Constitui??o de 1988. A Constitui??o adota diversos princ?pios em sua ordem econ?mica, de forma que na resolu??o dos conflitos que envolvem as regras da nacionaliza??o do trabalho, todos estes devem ser levados em considera??o, n?o se podendo escolher um isoladamente, ao livre prazer do int?rprete. As regras de nacionaliza??o do trabalho n?o s?o uma exclusividade do Brasil, existindo regras semelhantes em v?rios pa?ses da Am?rica do Sul e da ?frica. Na Europa elas j? existiram, mas perderam espa?o em fun??o dos tratados de constitui??o da Uni?o Europeia, embora, outros mecanismos sejam usados para fins de proteger os cidad?os dos Estados membros, tornando as diretivas de igualdade de tratamento uma legisla??o simb?lica. As regras de nacionaliza??o do trabalho disciplinam a rela??o entre nacionalidade e mercado de trabalho e se constituem em uma categoria jur?dica, que tem uma fun??o a cumprir no ordenamento jur?dico brasileiro. Nem todas as regras de nacionaliza??o violam o princ?pio da isonomia, pois ? poss?vel, a depender da circunst?ncia de fato, adotar-se crit?rio que implique em diferencia??es entre nacionais e estrangeiros. A Constitui??o tem uma vontade decorrente de sua for?a normativa, de modo que os pressupostos que ela (constitui??o) usa para discriminar, podem, tamb?m, ser viabilizados pela legisla??o ordin?ria, desde que a situa??o de fato seja justificadamente constitucional
Pratt, Emma Cerelia. "Georgia's 2010 Constitution". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306879598.
Testo completoDussart, Marie-Laure. "Constitution et économie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1044.
Testo completoWolf, Nicholas M. "Defending the Constitution". W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626272.
Testo completoGu, Xiaojun. "Optimization of Shape Memory Alloy Structures with Respect to Fatigue". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLY012/document.
Testo completoThis thesis presents a comprehensive and effi cient structural optimization approach for shape memory alloys (SMAs) with respect to fatigue. The approach consists of three steps: First, the development of a suitable constitutive model capable of predicting, with good accuracy, the stabilized thermomechanical stress state of a SMA structure subjected to multiaxial nonproportional cyclic loading. The dependence of the saturated residual strain on temperature and loading rate is discussed. In order to overcome numerical convergence problems in situations where the phase transformation process presents little or no positivehardening, the large time increment method (LATIN) is utilized in combination with the ZM (Zaki-Moumni) model to simulate SMA structures instead of conventional incremental methods. Second, a shakedown-based fatigue criterion analogous to the Dang Van model for elastoplastic metals is derived for SMAs to predict whether a SMA structure subjected to high-cycle loading would undergo fatigue. The proposed criterion computes a fatigue factor at each material point, indicating its degree of safeness with respect to high-cycle fatigue. Third, a structural optimization approach, which can be used to improve the fatigue lifetime estimated using the proposed fatigue criterion is presented. The prospects of this work include the validation of the optimization approach with experimental data
Kandil, Karim. "Modélisation multi-physique et multi-échelle des tissus mous stratifiés : application à la réponse multi-axiale du disque intervertébral humain". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I040.
Testo completoThe intervertebral disc is probably the most extraordinary tissue that the nature produces, mainly for its unusual time-dependent properties strongly influenced by the biochemical environment and the applied mechanical loading. Establishing accurate structure-property relationships for intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus tissue is a fundamental task for a reliable computer simulation of the human spine. The difficulty emanates from the multi-axiality and the anisotropy of the tissue response along with regional dependency of a complex hierarchic structure interacting with the biochemical environment. In addition, the annulus fibrosus exhibits an unusual time-dependent transversal behavior for which a complete constitutive representation is not yet developed. A physically-based chemo-viscoelastic constitutive model that takes into account an accurate disc annulus structure in relation with the biochemical environment is proposed. Numerical models of annulus specimens and lumbar functional spinal units (one disc and the adjacent vertebrae) are designed while taking into consideration the interlamellar matrix connecting the fibers-reinforced lamellae. At the specimen scale, the model capabilities are verified by experimental comparisons under various conditions in terms of osmolarity, strain-rate and multi-axiality while considering the regional dependency. Our results highlight the determinant role of the interlamellar matrix in the disc multi-axial response. The different scenarios applied to lumbar units show encouraging multi-axial predictive capabilities of our approach making it a promising tool for human spine behavior long-term prediction including age-dependency
Mdhluli, Lindiwe. "Bunguni : the Zulu constitution". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385597.
Testo completoJacquinot, Nathalie. "Ordre public et constitution". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32056.
Testo completoDaups, Thierry. "L'idée de constitution européenne". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100132.
Testo completoSince the second half of the 20th century, the seek for communication between the states and between the peoples of Europe (the constitution), has been in process through the development, of the "constitutional charter" established with the treaties of European community, the sum of judicial decisions of the court of justice and the constitutional practice of the community. The European constitution is in keeping, at one and the at the same time, with an unwritten conceiving of the constitution escaping from the pair state constitution and within the general pattern of a federalism without state machine, with a view of administering the European interdependences. The European community constitutional system founded on its own constitutional basis, forms a constitutional pattern having a supranational nature, distinct from the one of the federal state, from the confederation and from the international organization
Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "Slavery in the Constitution". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/740.
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