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1
Asayama, K., Y. Kitaoka e G. q. Zheng. "NQR and NMR in High Tc Superconductors". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, n. 1-2 (1 febbraio 1992): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-1-204.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractRecent NQR and NMR experiments on La2-xSrxCuO4 , YBa2Cu3O7 , Tl2Ba2CuO6+y , and other compounds are reviewed. The antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations decrease in the order of La, Y, T1 compounds. In the normal state the T-dependence of (T1T)-1 is considered to follow the Curie- Weiss law at high temperature and the (Ti 7") = const law at low temperature. The T dependence of 1/T1 below Tc suggests strongly d-wave pairing. Correlations of the NQR frequency of 63Cu and 17O with the antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and the superconducting transition temperature are discussed.
2
YAKHOT, VICTOR, SEAN C. C. BAILEY e ALEXANDER J. SMITS. "Scaling of global properties of turbulence and skin friction in pipe and channel flows". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 652 (19 maggio 2010): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010001497.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Experimental data on the Reynolds number dependence of the area-averaged turbulent kinetic energy K and dissipation rate ℰ are presented. It is shown that while in the interval ReD > 105 the total kinetic energy scales with friction velocity (K/u*2 = const), a new scaling law K/〈U〉2 ∝ K/(u*2ReDθ) = const (θ ≈ 1/4) has been discovered in the interval ReD < 105. It is argued that this transition is responsible for the well-known change in the scaling behaviour of the friction factor observed in pipe and channels flows at ReD ≈ 105.
3
Zahn, Bastian. "Zur Textkritik von D. 2,14,37 (Papir. 2 const.)". Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 140, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgr-2023-0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary D. 2,14,37 (Papir. 2 const.) records a rescript by Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus prohibiting the relief of debts owed to the colony of Philippi. As preserved in the Codex Florentinus this text is corrupt, but it can be restored, based on the Vulgate manuscripts, the Basilica, and the scholia thereto.
4
Natelson, Robert G. "The Power to Restrict Immigration and the Original Meaning of the Constitution's Define and Punish Clause". British Journal of American Legal Studies 11, n. 2 (1 novembre 2022): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjals-2022-0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The Supreme Court and constitutional commentators have long struggled to identify the provision in the Constitution, if any, that grants Congress authority to restrict immigration. This article demonstrates that authority to restrict immigration is included within the Constitution's grant of power to Congress to “define and punish . . . Offenses against the Law of Nations.” U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 10.
5
LASCIALFARI, A., P. TEDESCO e I. ZUCCA. "SUPERCONDUCTING FLUCTUATIONS AND RELATED FLUCTUATING DIAMAGNETISM IN YBCO124". International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, n. 04n06 (10 marzo 2003): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203016649.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Magnetization M(H,T) measurements for magnetic field in the range H=5÷70000 Oe and T≥Tc(H) , have been performed in oriented powders of the strongly anisotropic cuprate YBCO124 in order to study the fluctuating diamagnetism and the dimensionality of the spectrum of the superconducting fluctuations. The experimental findings are discussed in the light of scaling laws and/or of anisotropic GL functional in terms of possible field-induced 2D-3D dimensional crossover. For high fields (H≥10000 Oe), it is found that the scaled magnetization -Mfl/TH 0.5 is an universal function of ε/ H 1/2v (for ε = T/T c(0)-1) and the critical exponent ν ≈ 0.72 is close to the value ν ≈ 0.67 obtained in 3D anisotropic YBCO123 systems. However, the 3D scaling law that predict a crossing of the curves Mfl(T,H = const)/H 0.5 vs. T at T c (0) is not verified. Also the 2D scaling laws for Mfl(T,H = const) are not obeyed. At intermediate fields (1000 < H < 10000 Oe), the curves Mfl(T,H = const) cross around Tc(0) thus suggesting a 2D behavior, while the critical exponent turn out ν ≈ 0.86. For H<1000 Oe, an anomalous behavior is noted and the curves Mfl(T,H=const) cross at Tc(0) + 1 K . The experimental findings suggest a dependence of the dimensionality of the superconducting fluctuations from the field. Finally the experimental data in YBCO124 are compared to the ones in underdoped YBCO123, where the occurrence of locally superconducting droplets above the bulk Tc was argued to occur.
6
II, Juan-Pablo. "Const. ap. Universi Dominici Gregis (22.II.1996)". Ius Canonicum 36, n. 72 (5 febbraio 2018): 627–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/016.36.15955.
Testo completo
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YAZADJIEV, STOYTCHO S. "SELF-SIMILAR COLLAPSE OF A SCALAR FIELD IN DILATON GRAVITY AND CRITICAL BEHAVIOR". International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, n. 15 (20 giugno 2004): 2495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04017793.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We present new analytical self-similar solutions describing a collapse of a massless scalar field in scalar–tensor theories. The solutions exhibit a type of critical behavior. The black hole mass for the near critical evolution is analytically obtained for several scalar–tensor theories and the critical exponent is calculated. Within the framework of the analytical models we consider it is found that the black hole mass law for some scalar–tensor theories is of the form M BH =f(p-p cr )(p-p cr )γ which is slightly different from the general relativistic law M BH = const (p-p cr )γ. The explicit form of the function f depends on the particular scalar–tensor theory.
8
CARLEVARO, NAKIA, e GIOVANNI MONTANI. "ON THE ROLE OF VISCOSITY IN EARLY COSMOLOGY". International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, n. 08 (30 marzo 2008): 1248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08040160.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We present a discussion of the effects induced by bulk viscosity on the very early Universe stability. The viscosity coefficient is assumed to be related to the energy density ρ via a power-law of the form ζ = ζ0ρs (where ζ0, s = const.) and the behavior of the density contrast in analyzed. In particular, we study both Einstein and hydrodynamic equations up to first and second order in time in the so-called quasi-isotropic collapsing picture near the cosmological singularity. As a result, we get a power-law solution existing only in correspondence to a restricted domain of ζ0. The particular case of pure isotropic FRW dynamics is then analyzed and we show how the asymptotic approach to the initial singularity admits an unstable collapsing picture.
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Kichigin,, V. I., e A. B. Shein. "Some peculiarities of the anodic behavior of Co2Si electrode in sulphuric acid solution". Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Химия» = Bulletin of Perm University. CHEMISTRY 10, n. 2 (2020): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2223-1838-2020-2-212-220.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effect of anodic film formation conditions on the electrochemical behavior of Co2Si electrode in 0.5 M H2SO4 has been studied. It was shown that the rate of passive dissolution of Co2Si is only moderately greater than that of CoSi2 provided the Co2Si electrode passes through the active dissolution region very quickly. From the current decay curves at E = const, it was deduced that in the middle part of the passive region the oxide film on Co2Si grows according to near logarithmic law. Impedance spectra obtained in measurements at different initial electrode potentials were analyzed.
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Bibik, Artur V. ,., Andrej M. ,. Jakimec, Viktor S. ,. Petrushin e Jenoktajev N. ,. Rostislav. "A STUDY OF THE FREQUENCY START INDUCTION MOTOR WITH REGULATION LAW E- f - const". ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS 24, n. 100 (28 marzo 2017): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/eltecs.24.100.2017.06.
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Arık, Metin, e Yorgo Şenikoğlu. "Black hole solutions in a cosmological spacetime background". Modern Physics Letters A 29, n. 28 (14 settembre 2014): 1450142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314501429.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We propose and analyze a new metric that has two conformal factors a(t) and b(t) that combine the expansion of the universe and its effects on the spatial and temporal part of the Schwarzschild metric in isotropic coordinates. We present the solutions, their descriptions and we comment on their shortcomings. In the spatially flat case of an expanding universe, we derive from the proposed metric the special solutions of the field equations for the dust approximation and the McVittie metric. We show that the presence of a black hole does not modify the a(t)αt2/3 law for dust and H = const. for dark energy.
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Solà, Joan, Adrià Gómez-Valent e Javier de Cruz Pérez. "Vacuum dynamics in the Universe versus a rigid Λ=const." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, n. 19n20 (5 luglio 2017): 1730014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17300149.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this year, in which we celebrate 100 years of the cosmological term, [Formula: see text], in Einstein’s gravitational field equations, we are still facing the crucial question whether [Formula: see text] is truly a fundamental constant or a mildly evolving dynamical variable. After many theoretical attempts to understand the meaning of [Formula: see text], and in view of the enhanced accuracy of the cosmological observations, it seems now mandatory that this issue should be first settled empirically before further theoretical speculations on its ultimate nature. In this review, we summarize the situation of some of these studies. Devoted analyses made recently show that the [Formula: see text] hypothesis, despite being the simplest, may well not be the most favored one. The overall fit to the cosmological observables SNIa[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]BAO[Formula: see text]+H(z)[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]LSS[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]BBN[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]CMB single out the class of “running” vacuum models (RVMs), in which [Formula: see text] is an affine power-law function of the Hubble rate. It turns out that the performance of the RVM as compared to the “concordance” [Formula: see text] model (with [Formula: see text]) is much better. The evidence in support of the RVM may reach [Formula: see text] c.l., and is bolstered with Akaike and Bayesian criteria providing strong evidence in favor of the RVM option. We also address the implications of this framework on the tension between the CMB and local measurements of the current Hubble parameter.
13
Arrieta, Juan Ignacio. "El Ordinariato castrense (Notas en torno a la Const. Apost. «Spirituali militum curae»)". Ius Canonicum 26, n. 52 (14 marzo 2018): 731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/016.26.18381.
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Del-Pozzo, Massimo. "La Curia romana y el principio de subsidiariedad". Ius Canonicum 63, n. 125 (23 maggio 2023): 47–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/016.125.008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
El texto examina el valor del principio de subsidiariedad en el contexto de las previsiones de la Const. Ap. Praedicate evangelium, inspirándose en el animado debate canónico sobre el tema y en las premisas inmediatas de la presente normativa. El contenido y el alcance del principio muestran la difícil compatibilidad con el ordenamiento canónico y la exigencia de recurrir a otras categorías (corresponsabilidad y descentralización). La reforma de la Curia ha promovido indudablemente la descentralización administrativa y la corresponsabilidad de las Iglesias particulares y de las Conferencias episcopales. Destaca sobre todo en el servicio de la Curia un compromiso de coordinación, de promoción y de integración del quehacer de los Obispos y de los consensos episcopales. Las determinaciones acerca de la descentralización requieren, con todo, algunas precisiones o afinaciones hermenéuticas y una adecuada prestación técnico-procedimental. Una mayor profundización eclesiológica-canónica en algunas nociones basilares empleadas (como la comunión, la misión, la colegialidad, la sinodalidad y la descentralización), puede servir al desarrollo del sistema, siempre en el horizonte tanto de la garantía de los derechos como de la racionalidad y funcionalidad del quehacer de la Curia.
15
Cerna, Christina M. "Judgment TC/0168/13 (Const. Ct. Dom. Rep.) & Statement of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on Judgment TC/0168/13". International Legal Materials 53, n. 4 (agosto 2014): 662–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.53.4.0662.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How far can a country go in recruiting workers from neighboring countries to do the menial labor the country’s citizens are no longer willing to do and then–when they overstay their welcome, have children, and establish families over a period of decades—continue to deny them nationality and civil rights? Can these Gastarbeiter be turned into perpetual foreigners or must they be granted citizenship? How much has international human rights law impacted international law in restricting the freedom of sovereign states in this traditionally most discretionary domain? Are questions of nationality still within the exclusive domain of domestic jurisdiction?
16
Miras, Jorge. "El objeto del recurso contencioso-admnistrativo en el Derecho Canónico vigente". Ius Canonicum 46, n. 92 (20 dicembre 2017): 557–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/016.46.14598.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Son objeto del recurso contencioso administrativo los actos administrativos singulares dados o aprobados por los dicasterios de la Curia Romana, cuando se alegue violación de ley en el procedimiento o en la decisión (cfr. const. Pastor Bonus, art. 123). De la correcta interpretación de esta norma depende que el recurso cumpla realmente la función amplia de tutela para la que fue establecido. El autor analiza, en primer lugar, el concepto canónico de acto administrativo, para concluir que no debe excluirse del recurso ningún acto jurídico singular de la potestad ejecutiva por motivos puramente formales. En segundo lugar, estudia la impugnabilidad de los actos administrativos de los dicasterios romanos y, en particular, algunos problemas que plantea la disciplina del silencio administrativo en ese ámbito. Finalmente, trata del sentido de la violación de ley como motivo del recurso y, en conexión con este tema, se refiere a los límites de la competencia de la Signatura Apostólica al resolver estos recursos.
17
Jiang, Wei-Jian, Yi-Xin Chen e Jian-Long Li. "Phase structures of holographic screen thermodynamics". Modern Physics Letters A 29, n. 25 (20 agosto 2014): 1450114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314501144.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Holographic screens are the generalization of the event horizon of a black hole in entropic force scheme, which are defined by setting Newton potential ϕ constant, i.e. e2ϕ = c = const. We demonstrate that the integrated first law of thermodynamics is equivalent to the (r-r) component of Einstein equations, so that we strengthen the correspondence between thermodynamics and gravity. We show that there are not only the first law of thermodynamics, but also kinds of phase transitions of holographic screens. These phase transitions are characterized by the discontinuity of their heat capacities. In (n+1)-dimensional Reissner–Nordström–anti-de Sitter (RN-AdS) spacetime, we analyze three kinds of phase transitions, which are of the holographic screens with Q = 0 (charge), constant Φ (electrostatic potential) and nonzero constant Q. In the Q = 0 case, only the holographic screens with 0≤c<1 can undergo phase transition. In the constant Φ case, the constraints become as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a dimensional-dependent parameter. By verifying the Ehrenfest equations, we show that the phase transitions in this case are all second order phase transitions. In the constant Q case, there might be two, or one, or no phase transitions of holographic screens, depending on the values of Q and c.
18
Zeng, Bin, e Wu Jun Zeng. "GSM(1) Model and its Application". Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (aprile 2011): 1360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.1360.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although the GM(1,1) model has been successfully adopted in various fields and has been demonstrated promising prospect. But the form of the GM(1,1) model is single and obviously is not suitable for all data with different character. In order to increase the adaptive capability some different forms of the grey model is needed to be established. The paper adopts combinatorial form instead of const in the right part of the grey equation which we call it GSM(1) model. GSM(1) model is one variable index serials function which contains more information in the equation and can find more complicated law between data. On the condition of the original data multiplying the time interval the paper introduces difference quotient into the equation and establishes the unequal GSM(1) model. The examples prove GSM(1) is an effective form to improve the accuracy of the grey model. It provides a new way for the grey system application.
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Ferrara, Giuseppe. "Impresa agricola e produzione di energia". AGRICOLTURA ISTITUZIONI MERCATI, n. 1 (aprile 2009): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/aim2008-001003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
- The article 1, par. 369 of the 296/2006 act definies as agricultural industry: the production and cession of electric and caloric energy originated from forest renewable sources; the production and the commercialization of chemical products derived from agricultural produce coming from the cultivated land; and the production and the cession of electric and caloric energy originated from photovoltaic sources. Therefore, the normative reveals the multifunctionality and the pluriactivity of the factory farm: it reconducts the production of not foodstuffs goods, as the electric energy, the fuels and the chemical products, to the agricultural firm. Legislator intend to stimulate these activities also through the tax lever, providing for these activities produce agricultural income. With regard to it, the provision (of the law) causes some doubts concerning his compatibility with the constitutional dictation (artt. 3 and 53 Const.), in our opinion, in particulary with reference to the activity of photovoltaic energy production and cession. Key words: factory farm, photovoltaic energy, multifunctionality, pluriactivity.
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Tuzov, Daniil. "Sull’uso di rescindere in materia di testamenta inofficiosa nelle fonti romane". Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 82, n. 3-4 (3 dicembre 2014): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08234p02.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On the use of rescindere in the Roman sources concerning testamenta inofficiosa. – The judgement which ascertained that a testament was inofficiosum, had in Roman law a constitutive effect, in that it annulled the testament. It will be shown that the use of rescindere in this respect is classical and can be used to prove the thesis in question. A critical analysis shall be made of the doctrine according to which the same term is used with respect to testamentum inofficiosum, to indicate the declaration of nullity (inexistence). The following sources will be analyzed: Val. Max. 7,7 init.; 7,7,2; 7,7,6; 7,8 init.; 7,8,1; 7,8,5; CTh. 2,19,2 (Const.); CTh. 15,14,9 (Arcad., Honor.); FV. 270 (Herm., tit. de donat.); C. 3,28,24 (Diocl., Maxim.); C. 3,28,30pr. (Iust.); C. 3,28,32 (Iust.); C. 3,28,34 (Iust.); C. 3,29,4 (Diocl., Maxim.); C. 3,36,16 (Diocl., Maxim.); C. 6,20,17 (Leo); D. 5,2,8,5 (Ulp. 14 ad ed.); D. 5,2,8,16 (Ulp. 14 ad ed.); D. 5,2,17pr. (Paul. 2 quest.); D. 5,2,19 (Paul. 2 quaest.); D. 5,2,25,1 (Ulp. 2 disp.).
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Ji, Yong, e Xi Chen. "Symmetry Analysis of Mean Velocity Distribution in Stratified Atmospheric Surface Layers". Symmetry 15, n. 10 (21 ottobre 2023): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15101951.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The mean velocity distributions of unstably and stably stratified atmospheric surface layers (ASLs) are investigated here using the symmetry approach. Symmetry groups for the mean momentum and the Reynolds stress equations of ASL are searched under random dilation transformations, which, with different leading order balances in different flow regions, lead to a set of specific scalings for the characteristic length ℓ13 (defined by Reynolds shear stress and mean shear). In particular, symmetry analysis shows that in the shear-dominated region, ℓ13 scales linearly with the surface height z, which corresponds to the classical log law of mean velocity. In the buoyancy-dominated region, ℓ13/L∼z/L4/3 for unstably stratified ASL and ℓ13/L∼const for stably stratified ASL, where L is the Obukhov length. The specific formula of the celebrated Monin–Obukhov similarity function is obtained, and hence an algebraic model of mean velocity profiles in ASL is derived, showing good agreement with the datum from the QingTu Lake observation array (QLOA) in China.
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Gnann, Manuel V., e Anouk C. Wisse. "The Cox–Voinov law for traveling waves in the partial wetting regime*". Nonlinearity 35, n. 7 (27 giugno 2022): 3560–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ac6373.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract We consider the thin-film equation ∂ t h + ∂ y m ( h ) ∂ y 3 h = 0 in {h > 0} with partial-wetting boundary conditions and inhomogeneous mobility of the form m(h) = h 3 + λ 3−n h n , where h ⩾ 0 is the film height, λ > 0 is the slip length, y > 0 denotes the lateral variable, and n ∈ (0, 3) is the mobility exponent parameterizing the nonlinear slip condition. The partial-wetting regime implies the boundary condition ∂ y h = const. > 0 at the triple junction ∂{h > 0} (nonzero microscopic contact angle). Existence and uniqueness of traveling-wave solutions to this problem under the constraint ∂ y 2 h → 0 as h → ∞ have been proved in previous work by Chiricotto and Giacomelli (2011 Commun. Appl. Ind. Math. 2 e-388, 16). We are interested in the asymptotics as h ↓ 0 and h → ∞. By reformulating the problem as h ↓ 0 as a dynamical system for the difference between the solution and the microscopic contact angle, values for n are found for which linear as well as nonlinear resonances occur. These resonances lead to a different asymptotic behavior of the solution as h ↓ 0 depending on n. Together with the asymptotics as h → ∞ characterizing the Cox–Voinov law for the velocity-dependent macroscopic contact angle as found by Giacomelli, the first author of this work, and Otto (2016 Nonlinearity 29 2497–536), the rigorous asymptotics of traveling-wave solutions to the thin-film equation in partial wetting can be characterized. Furthermore, our approach enables us to analyze the relation between the microscopic and macroscopic contact angle. It is found that the Cox–Voinov law for the macroscopic contact angle depends continuously differentiably on the microscopic contact angle.
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Macxel, Albus Samuel. "The Administrative Authority of Belgian Law in the Europe Modern Political’s Perspective". Jurnal Daulat Hukum 6, n. 2 (16 giugno 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v6i2.31184.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research aims to know that since 1831, the Belgian Constitution allows courts to not apply unlawful administrative acts. This power, established as an obligation by the Supreme Court of Appeal, is called “plea of illegality”, and is guaranteed by Article 159 of the Constitution, which states that “the courts and tribunals shall not apply the provincial and local decrees and general regulations, until they comply with the laws. This research used library/literature research technic. The administrative high court also has the jurisdiction to issue non-binding opinions on the preliminary drafts of regulatory orders of the various federal State governments (federal, regional and community governments). This ex ante review, also carried out with regard to the preliminary drafts of legislative texts, is carried out by the legislative section of the Council of State. In 1991, the Council of State was vested with additional powers as litigants could apply, in summary and interim proceedings, for suspension of the execution of administrative acts, firstly in case of risk of serious irreparable harm, and since 2014, in case of emergency. The result show that last constitutional revision of 2014 tempered the monopoly of the judicial courts in litigation involving civil rights, with the Constitution stipulating that the Council of State has the jurisdiction to rule on the civil effects of its annulment judgments (Const. Art. 144 (2)). It can henceforth award a “restorative allowance” to any litigant who has suffered the effects of the annulled administrative act (consolidated acts on the Council of State, Article 11 bis). It may also indicate the measures to be taken to remedy the illegality sanctioned by its annulment judgments and, if the annulment implies that the authority takes a new decision, it may prescribe a time limit for doing so (consolidated acts, Art 35/1 and 36, 1st).
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Gawrysiak, Piotr. "LICENCJE WOLNEGO OPROGRAMOWANIA". Zeszyty Prawnicze 8, n. 1 (23 giugno 2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2008.8.1.09.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Open Source Software LicencesSummary Computer software is regarded in popular culture as a typical consumer good. Legally, it constitutes however an example of a „content”, which is protected – in a way not dissimilar to literary or audio-visual works – by copyright law. An important property of these works, closely related to recent advances in computer science and resulting ease of digitization and duplication, is a possibility of costless duplication. This allows the creator of a digital work – for example a computer program – to distribute it at no cost, hence the const of duplication itself is either minimal or even non-existent.In recent years, an emergence of a new content distribution philosophy can be observed. Its proponents postulate, that it should be possible to create such computer software, that would be available for everyone to use, modify and redistribute – all that at no cost.This paper introduces the concept of free software and discuses some legal aspects of its creation and distribution. An overview of the construction of the most popular free software licence, the GNU General Public License is also included.
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Lestari, Ahdiana Yuni, Ansari, Siti Ismijati Jenie e Supriyatiningsih. "Abortion provisions for rape victims: A comparative study of 6 Asian Countries". Multidisciplinary Reviews 7, n. 8 (20 maggio 2024): 2024183. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024183.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abortion in cases of rape has sparked a lengthy debate among societies and governments around the world because it involves religious, ethical, cultural, and legal considerations. Some consider it a woman's right and protection for victims, while others think the fetus also has a right to life. This research aims to specifically examine abortion provisions for rape victims in six countries in Asia. The method used in this research is normative legal research with a case study approach in 6 (six) countries in Asia. The findings of this research show that each country has different regulations regarding abortion. The rules regarding abortion in Indonesia are now regulated in the Criminal Code and the 2023 Health Law. Then, in Malaysia, abortion is regulated in the Penal Code of Malaysia (Kanun Success), the abortion rules in Singapore are held in the Termination of Pregnancy Act chapter 324 (Termination Act Pregnancy), the Philippines is regulated in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, Japan is regulated in the Japan Penal Code and South Korea is held in 2017Hun-Ba127 (Const. Ct., 11 Apr. 2019).
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Heimerl, Hans. "Die Funktion des Bischofs für die Leitung der Gesamtkirche". Ius Canonicum 11, n. 22 (13 aprile 2018): 56–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/016.11.21431.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Durante mucho tiempo se sostuvo que el
gobierno universal revestía una forma monárquica, según la terminología consagrada
por Aristóteles. Esta afirmación figuraba
incluso como una de las tesis de los tratados
teológicos: «Thesis XVIII: forma proin
de regiminis Ecclesiae iure divino est monarchica» escribía, por ejemplo, Palmieri
(Tractatus de Romano Pontifice cum prolegomeno de Ecclesia, 3.a ed., Prati 1902, 507).También se decía, en relación con tal idea, que el Papa era «el gran solitario». Sin que esto suponga olvidar las verdades de base en las que se apoyaban los autores, la colegialidad episcopal, revalorizada por el Concilio Vaticano II, ha puesto de relieve que la forma regiminis Ecclesiae es ciertamente original y, si es verdad que no cabe en los otros dos términos (aristocracia, democracia) de la trilogía aristotélica, tampoco es conceptuable como monarquía. El Papa cuenta, para el gobierno de la Iglesia universal, con la asistencia de sus hermanos en el Episcopado, uno e indiviso, del cual el sucesor de Pedro es fundamento (const. Lumen Gentium, n. 18). ¿De qué forma participan los obispos en el gobierno de la Iglesia universal? Este es el tema que, desde un punto de vista teológico-jurídico, estudia Hans H eimerl.
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WEBB, G. M., Q. HU, B. DASGUPTA e G. P. ZANK. "Double Alfvén waves". Journal of Plasma Physics 78, n. 1 (17 ottobre 2011): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377811000420.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractDouble Alfvén wave solutions of the magnetohydrodynamic equations in which the physical variables (the gas density ρ, fluid velocity u, gas pressure p, and magnetic field induction B) depend only on two independent wave phases ϕ1(x,t) and ϕ2(x,t) are obtained. The integrals for the double Alfvén wave are the same as for simple waves, namely, the gas pressure, magnetic pressure, and group velocity of the wave are constant. Compatibility conditions on the evolution of the magnetic field B due to changes in ϕ1 and ϕ2, as well as constraints due to Gauss's law ∇ · B = 0 are discussed. The magnetic field lines and hodographs of B in which the tip of the magnetic field B moves on the sphere |B| = B = const. are used to delineate the physical characteristics of the wave. Hamilton's equations for the simple Alfvén wave with wave normal n(ϕ), and with magnetic induction B(ϕ) in which ϕ is the wave phase, are obtained by using the Frenet–Serret equations for curves x=X(ϕ) in differential geometry. The use of differential geometry of 2D surfaces in a 3D Euclidean space to describe double Alfvén waves is briefly discussed.
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Hamilton, Jonnette Watson. "Cautious Optimism: Fraser v Canada (Attorney General)". Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 30, n. 2 (12 maggio 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/cf29418.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Adverse effects discrimination arises when a law that appears to be neutral on its face has a disproportionate and negative impact on members of a group identified by a protected ground.1 The discrimination is usually not as easy to see as it is in cases of direct discrimination, where distinctions are drawn by a law, program, or policy. This may be why Fraser v Canada (Attorney General)2 is only the third adverse effects claim under section 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms3 to succeed since section 15 came into force in 1985.4 Fraser is notable simply because it is the first successful adverse effects claim in twenty-two years.5
1 Jonnette Watson Hamilton & Jennifer Koshan. “Adverse Impact: The Supreme Court’s Approach to Adverse Effects Discrimination under Section 15 of the Charter” (2015) 19:2 Rev Const Stud Studies 191 at 196 [“Adverse Impact”]. 2 2020 SCC 28 [Fraser]. 3 Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11 [Charter]. 4 The other two cases in which adverse effects claims were successful were Eldridge v British Columbia, [1997] 3 SCR 624, 151 DLR (4th) 577 [Eldridge cited to SCR] and Vriend v Alberta, [1998] 1 SCR 493, 156 DLR (4th) 385 [Vriend cited to SCR]. 5 At least five adverse effects claims made under section 15 of the Charter failed in the intervening twentytwo years: Health Services and Support — Facilities Subsector Bargaining Assn v British Columbia, 2007 SCC
29
Ndomba Belebele, Samuel. "Du maintien de la peine des travaux forcés en Droit judiciaire congolais face à la Constitution du 18 février 2006, arbitraire ou impunité?" Revue Congolaise des Sciences & Technologies 3, n. 1 (31 marzo 2024): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.59228/rcst.024.v3.i1.64.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Au regard des dispositions de l’article 16 alinéas 4 et 5 de la Constitution du 18 février 2006 telle que modifiée à ce jour et de l’arrêt rendu par la Cour Suprême de Justice de la République Démocratique du Congo en date du 19 août 2011 sous R. CONST 166, il se dégage que la peine des travaux forcé a été extirpée de l’arsenal juridique congolais et ne peut cependant plus être applicable par les Cours et Tribunaux car aucune juridiction n’a reçu du législateur la compétence de pouvoir la prononcer. Cependant, il s’observe en pratique des Cours et Tribunaux que les personnes poursuivies et condamnées à la peine des travaux forcé du chef de l’infraction de détournement des deniers publics, purgent cette peine en prison, alors que l’article 6 bis alinéa 3 du code pénal congolais livre 1er, interdit l’assimilation et la confusion de la peine des travaux forcés à celle de servitude pénale. Cette pratique constitue à la fois l’impunité et l’arbitraire qu’il faut à tout prix bannir par la promulgation de la loi portant suppression de la peine des travaux forcés.
30
Minale, Valerio Massimo. "Creating a Law about Religion under Constantine the Great The Case of the Edict against the Heretics (Eus. Vita Const. 3, 63–66)". Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs 1 (2014): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/brgoe2013-2s512.
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Булавин, Viktor Ivanovych, Ivan Nikolajevych V’unik, Andrii Viktorovych Kramarenko e Alexandr Ivanovych Rusinov. "NEAR HYDRATION OF SINGLY CHARGED MONOATOMIC IONS IN EXTREMELY DILUTED SOLUTIONS: THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE". Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, n. 1(5) (15 maggio 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.04.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The diffusion coefficient and the distance of translational displacement of Li+, Na+ K+, Cs+, Cl– and Br– ions in water at 298.15 K – 423.15 K (25 K step) and pressure from 0.0981 to 784.5 MPa (98.1 MPa step) were calculated from the literature data on limiting molar electrical conductivity. The values for these ions increase with pressure growth from 0.0981 to 98.1 MPa at 298.15 K. Further pressure increase (up to 785 MPa) leads to decrease in . Temperature growth under isobaric conditions leads to an increase in . Parameter (– ri) (deviation from the Stokes–Einstein law, ri is ion structural radius) was used as a criterion for the type of ion solvation. It is shown that Li+ and Na+ ions behave as cosmotropes, or positively solvated structure–forming ions having (– ri) > 0. The Cs+, Cl–, Br– ions behave as chaotropes, or negatively solvated structure–breaking ions having (– ri) < 0. For the K+ ion, the (– ri) deviation is alternating. At 0.0981 MPa and 298.15 K, the K+ ion is a chaotrope. But at 320 K (Tlim) parameter (– ri) = 0. It corresponds to the transition from negative to positive solvation. Above Tlim at P = const, the K+ ion is a cosmotrope. At 298.15 K and up to 98.1 MPa, the pressure causes the same change in the (– ri) deviation as the temperature. On the contrary, at 320 K and higher, the pressure affects the near hydration in the direction opposite to the temperature.
32
ANTONOPOULOS, CHRIS, TASSOS BOUNTIS e CHARALAMPOS SKOKOS. "CHAOTIC DYNAMICS OF N-DEGREE OF FREEDOM HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 16, n. 06 (giugno 2006): 1777–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127406015672.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We investigate the connection between local and global dynamics of two N-degree of freedom Hamiltonian systems with different origins describing one-dimensional nonlinear lattices: The Fermi–Pasta–Ulam (FPU) model and a discretized version of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation related to Bose–Einstein Condensation (BEC). We study solutions starting in the vicinity of simple periodic orbits (SPOs) representing in-phase (IPM) and out-of-phase motion (OPM), which are known in closed form and whose linear stability can be analyzed exactly. Our results verify that as the energy E increases for fixed N, beyond the destabilization threshold of these orbits, all positive Lyapunov exponents Li, i = 1,…, N - 1, exhibit a transition between two power laws, Li ∝ EBk, Bk > 0, k = 1, 2, occurring at the same value of E. The destabilization energy Ec per particle goes to zero as N → ∞ following a simple power-law, Ec/N ∝ N-α, with α being 1 or 2 for the cases we studied. However, using SALI, a very efficient indicator we have recently introduced for distinguishing order from chaos, we find that the two Hamiltonians have very different dynamics near their stable SPOs: For example, in the case of the FPU system, as the energy increases for fixed N, the islands of stability around the OPM decrease in size, the orbit destabilizes through period-doubling bifurcation and its eigenvalues move steadily away from -1, while for the BEC model the OPM has islands around it which grow in size before it bifurcates through symmetry breaking, while its real eigenvalues return to +1 at very high energies. Furthermore, the IPM orbit of the BEC Hamiltonian never destabilizes, having finite-size islands around it, even for very high N and E. Still, when calculating Lyapunov spectra, we find for the OPMs of both Hamiltonians that the Lyapunov exponents decrease following an exponential law and yield extensive Kolmogorov–Sinai entropies per particle h KS /N ∝ const., in the thermodynamic limit of fixed energy density E/N with E and N arbitrarily large.
33
Trapezon, Kirill, Alexandr Trapezon, Vitalii Kalinichenko e Vitaliy Didkovskii. "Results of the analytical solution of the problem of radial vibrations of disks of variable thickness". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, n. 7 (128) (30 aprile 2024): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.300090.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An analytical solution is obtained for the problem of radial vibrations of disks of variable thickness. A disk is considered that is rigidly fixed along the inner circular contour (ρ=0.2) and free on the outer contour (ρ=1). The thickness of the disk varies according to the law H=H0(ρν+μ+Cρν-μ)2, where H0,C,μ are arbitrary constants; ν is the Poisson's ratio. The exact solution of the problem is known only for H=const and H=1/ρ3. However, these solutions are not sufficient to study the vibrations of disks of other configurations. The proposed law of thickness variation H(ρ) allows us to obtain exact solutions to the problem at any value of the constant coefficients H0, C, μ, ν. By varying the values of these coefficients within a single given function, it is possible to set the disk profile of the desired appearance. The methods used to obtain these solutions are based on appropriate mathematical transformations of the original equation. The problem of disk oscillations is solved for four variants of thickness change. The natural frequencies for the first three forms of vibration are calculated. Comparison of the natural frequencies found for the three cases of the disk profile gently sloping indicates an increase in their values with an increase in the bending of the disk thickness. Based on the obtained eigenfunctions, the stresses were calculated and the nature of their distribution along the radial coordinate of the disk was determined. The strength of the disks under resonant radial vibrations was evaluated using a special criterion. It is found that the most limiting, i.e., destructive principal stress σ1=σr at the first (main) form of vibration should be chosen from the ratio σr≈0.79 [σ-1], where [σ-1] is the endurance limit of the disk material under uniform loading. The results obtained can be used to predict the stress-strain state of disks of variable profile under their radial vibrations
34
Tian, Xiao, Ying Qin, Mei Du, Shuang-Xi Yi e Yan-Ke Tang. "Constraining the Circumburst Medium of Gamma-Ray Bursts with X-Ray Afterglows". Astrophysical Journal 925, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3de4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are considered to originate from core collapse of massive stars. It is believed that the afterglow property is determined by the density of the material in the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). Therefore, the circumburst density can be used to distinguish between an interstellar wind, n(R) ∝ R −k , and a constant-density medium (ISM), n ( R ) = const . Previous studies with different afterglow samples show that the circumburst medium of GRBs is neither simply supported by an interstellar wind nor completely favored by an ISM. In this work, our new sample consists of 39 GRBs with smoothly onset bump-like features in early X-ray afterglows, in which 20 GRBs have the redshift measurements. By using a smooth broken power-law function to fit the bumps of X-ray light curves, we derive the FWHM as the feature width (ω), as well as the rise and decay timescales of the bumps (T r and T d ). The correlations between the timescales of X-ray bumps are similar to those found previously in the optical afterglows. Based on the fireball forward shock model of the thin shell case, we obtain the distribution of the electron spectral index p and further constrain the medium density distribution index k. The new inferred k is found to be concentrated at 1.0, with a range from 0.2 to 1.8. This finding is consistent with previous studies. The conclusion of our detailed investigation for X-ray afterglows suggests that the ambient medium of the selected GRBs is not homogeneous, i.e., neither ISM nor the typical interstellar wind.
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Malik, N. A., e J. C. Vassilicos. "Eulerian and Lagrangian scaling properties of randomly advected vortex tubes". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 326 (10 novembre 1996): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096008385.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We investigate the Eulerian and Lagrangian spectral scaling properties of vortex tubes, and the consistency of these properties with Tennekes’ (1975) statistical advection analysis and universal equilibrium arguments. We consider three different vortex tubes with power-law wavenumber spectra: a Burgers vortex tube, an inviscid Lundgren single spiral vortex sheet, and a vortex tube solution of the Euler equation. While the Burgers vortex is a steady solution of the Navier–Stokes equation, the other two are unsteady solutions of, respectively, the Navier–Stokes and the Euler equations. In our numerical experiments we study the vortex tubes by subjecting each of them to external ‘large-scale’ sinusoidal advection of characteristic frequency f and length scale ρ.Not only do we find that the Eulerian frequency spectrum ϕE(ω) can be derived from the wavenumber spectrum E(k) using the simple Tennekes advection relation ω ∼ k for all finite advection frequencies f when the vortex is steady, but also when the vortex is unsteady, and in the Lundgren case even when f = 0 owing to the self-advection of the Lundgren vortex by its own differential rotation.An analytical calculation using the method of stationary phases for f = 0 shows that for large enough Reynolds numbers the combination of strain with differential rotation implies that ϕL(ω) ∼ ω−2+Const for large values of ω. We verify numerically that ϕL(ω) does not change when f ≠ 0. With the Burgers vortex tube we are in a position to investigate the spectral broadening of the Eulerian frequency spectrum with respect to the Lagrangian frequency spectrum. A spectral broadening does exist but is different from the spectral broadening predicted by Tennekes (1975).
36
Afanasiev, V. N., V. I. Trifonov, S. I. Getya e D. Kong. "Rib in Turbulent Boundary Layer". Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, n. 10 (20 novembre 2017): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/1017.0001312.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Experimental and theoretical investigations of the flow structure, with the flow over a variety of protrusions and depressions on the initially smooth surfaces are of considerable practical interest, since the there are constructive or random occurring depressions and cavities found on many different convective surfaces. With the flow over the depressions and protrusions, the boundary layer separation and its reattachment can lead to occurring specific phenomena, which have a significant impact on drag and heat transfer. These phenomena, which are encountered in the course of experimental studies and obtaining adequate mathematical models, are complicated and hard-to-understand.The paper presents experimental results of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in the separation zone before and after a single rectangular rib and a round corner rib with the height of approximately y+ = 100, which are placed on the flat plate that is heated according to the law of qw=const. Experimental studies were conducted using a Pitot-Prandtl microprobe and a hot-wire Dantec Dynamics anemometry system, which allowed us to obtain both the mean and the fluctuating characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer and determine the boundaries of the vortex and separation zones.It is shown that the structure of vertex zones before and after the rib has a strong dependence on the rib shape and size. New experimental data on the mean and fluctuating characteristics in the turbulent boundary layer with the flow over the rectangular ribs with and without round top corners are obtained. Also, the fluctuations of temperature and especially velocity in the boundary layer after the rib are significantly higher than in the layer on the flat plate. The changing characteristic of the friction and heat transfer coefficients indicates that the increase of the heat transfer coefficient exceeds the growth of the friction coefficient after the ribs with the size 30 < y+ < 100.
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Kosenko, E. E., J. V. Marchenko, E. V. Marchenko, S. I. Popov e A. I. Izyumov. "Optimization of the Transmission Ratio by Fuel Consumption". Safety of Technogenic and Natural Systems, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2024): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2541-9129-2024-8-1-73-81.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. The issues of ensuring optimal fuel consumption modes are the subject of constant research in the field of vehicle operation. Works in the field of reducing fuel consumption in most cases are devoted to the study of the design of power units, transmission or aerodynamic features of the body of cars. At the same time, the issues of determining the optimal laws of control of unsteady movement from the point of view of the synthesis of algorithms for controlling the movement of a car have not been considered. To optimize the transmission ratio of cars with unsteady movement, the authors of the work carried out analytical calculations to simplify the synthesis of motion control algorithms, which in turn allowed reducing fuel consumption. The aim of the work was to determine the optimal transmission ratio, which allowed solving the problem of synthesizing vehicle control to reduce fuel consumption.Materials and Methods. The synthesis of algorithms for controlling the movement of a car considered in the work was based on the application of the needle variation of L.S. Pontryagin to invariant features of the real movement. An analytical method was used to estimate energy efficiency of vehicle performance, which was based on determination of optimal transmission ratio of motor vehicles taking into account minimum fuel consumption. The presented method took into account the amount of torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the transmission elements, which, depending on the engine power, was realized in the form of traction force on the wheels of the car.Results. The law of optimal change in the transmission gear ratio during acceleration of the car in a minimum time was built. The problem of determining the optimal transmission ratio of the vehicle in the case of driving the vehicle at a constant speed and constant fuel supply and in the case of accelerating the vehicle to a given speed at a constant fuel supply, when the condition ε = const was met, was solved. The result of the considered case of applying the optimal law of change in the transmission gear ratio was the minimization of fuel consumption under restrictions on acceleration (traction force) and speed of the car.Discussion and Conclusion. The use by the authors of the analytical method for determining the transmission ratio of a car, as well as the use of this method in practical calculations for a car with given characteristics, showed the possibility of solving the problem of synthesizing vehicle control using a mathematical apparatus. This was confirmed by the built graphical dependence based on the results of the calculations. The considered cases of movement made it possible to determine the analytical dependencies of the optimal transmission ratio and the speed of the car. The initial data obtained by analytical relationships are applicable for cars with a mixed control mode.
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Ekardt, Felix, Theresa Rath e Hannah Kamischke. "Rationierung, Abwägung und Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse im Sozialrecht". Archiv fuer Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 107, n. 1 (2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/arsp-2021-0004.
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Biryukov, Pavel N. "LEGAL SUPPORT FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COAST GUARD OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA". LEGAL ORDER: History, Theory, Practice 40, n. 1 (30 marzo 2024): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2311-696x-2024-40-1-152-157.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal status and legal support for the activities of the Coast Guard of the Republic of Korea. The author analyzes the regulatory framework that ensures the activities of the Coast Guard; shows the place of this service in the executive branch of the Republic of Korea. Currently, the system of executive authorities of the Republic is determined by the Law on the Organization of Public Administration. In accordance with this law, the Coast Guard is shown to be subordinate to the Department of Oceans and Fisheries and is its “external agency”. The powers of the Coast Guard are also regulated by the Coast Guard Law, the Law on the Performance of Duties of a Police Officer, the Code of Criminal Procedure and other regulations of the Republic. The article analyzes in detail the provisions of Korean legislation on the structure and competence of the Coast Guard. The status of Coast Guard personnel is examined in detail. Crime investigation is an important part of the Coast Guard’s mandate. The role of the Coast Guard in ensuring law and order is shown.
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Melissaris, Emmanuel. "A Social and Legal Theory of Re-Enchantment: Interpretivism, Argumentation, and Law". Constellations 19, n. 4 (dicembre 2012): 609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cons.12013.
Testo completo
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Hudec, Al, e Van Penick. "British Columbia Offshore Oil and Gas Law". Alberta Law Review 41, n. 1 (1 luglio 2003): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr496.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article addresses the current debate over lifting a thirty-five year moratorium on offshore resource development in British Columbia. It describes the three primary offshore basins and the history of the various moratoriums, as well as the current legal backdrop under which development could occur. The authors review unique jurisdictional, Aboriginal and environmental considerations relating to the west coast, and conclude that the east coast regulatory regime provides a useful regulatory template for the west coast, appropriately updated for technological changes in the offshore industry and changes in regulatory philosophies since the 1980s.
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Kizilova, Natalya, Marco Sauermoser, Signe Kjelstrup e Bruno G. Pollet. "Fractal-Like Flow-Fields with Minimum Entropy Production for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells". Entropy 22, n. 2 (4 febbraio 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22020176.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The fractal-type flow-fields for fuel cell (FC) applications are promising, due to their ability to deliver uniformly, with a Peclet number Pe~1, the reactant gases to the catalytic layer. We review fractal designs that have been developed and studied in experimental prototypes and with CFD computations on 1D and 3D flow models for planar, circular, cylindrical and conical FCs. It is shown, that the FC efficiency could be increased by design optimization of the fractal system. The total entropy production (TEP) due to viscous flow was the objective function, and a constant total volume (TV) of the channels was used as constraint in the design optimization. Analytical solutions were used for the TEP, for rectangular channels and a simplified 1D circular tube. Case studies were done varying the equivalent hydraulic diameter (Dh), cross-sectional area (DΣ) and hydraulic resistance (DZ). The analytical expressions allowed us to obtain exact solutions to the optimization problem (TEP→min, TV=const). It was shown that the optimal design corresponds to a non-uniform width and length scaling of consecutive channels that classifies the flow field as a quasi-fractal. The depths of the channels were set equal for manufacturing reasons. Recursive formulae for optimal non-uniform width scaling were obtained for 1D circular Dh -, DΣ -, and DZ -based tubes (Cases 1-3). Appropriate scaling of the fractal system providing uniform entropy production along all the channels have also been computed for Dh -, DΣ -, and DZ -based 1D models (Cases 4-6). As a reference case, Murray’s law was used for circular (Case 7) and rectangular (Case 8) channels. It was shown, that Dh-based models always resulted in smaller cross-sectional areas and, thus, overestimated the hydraulic resistance and TEP. The DΣ -based models gave smaller resistances compared to the original rectangular channels and, therefore, underestimated the TEP. The DZ -based models fitted best to the 3D CFD data. All optimal geometries exhibited larger TEP, but smaller TV than those from Murray’s scaling (reference Cases 7,8). Higher TV with Murray’s scaling leads to lower contact area between the flow-field plate with other FC layers and, therefore, to larger electric resistivity or ohmic losses. We conclude that the most appropriate design can be found from multi-criteria optimization, resulting in a Pareto-frontier on the dependencies of TEP vs TV computed for all studied geometries. The proposed approach helps us to determine a restricted number of geometries for more detailed 3D computations and further experimental validations on prototypes.
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Aláez Corral, Benito. "Reflexiones jurídico-constitucionales sobre la prohibición del velo islámico integral en Europa". Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, n. 28 (1 giugno 2011): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.28.2011.6969.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work deals critically with the islamic full veil ban in public spaces, that is starting to be adopted in some European countries and has found echo in some regulations of spanish municipalities. After a brief analysis of the general bans recently passed in Belgium and France and of the partial bans adopted at schools by other countries, like Germany, Italy or the UK, the article analises from a constitutional perspective, that includes the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, the constitutionality of the recently established local bans in Spain. The author reaches the conclusion that according to the Sp. Const. 1978 an adequate interpretation of the limitations to the freedom of religion and right to the own image, involved when wearing an islamic full veil, would make unconstitutional a general ban of the full veil in each and every public space, but would constitutionally allow its partial ban regarding the access to municipal buildings or services or regarding teachers and pupils at public institutions of education, when these partial bans could be justified by constitutionally values like the safeguarding of public institutions or services, or like the protection of the fundamental rights of others.En este trabajo se analizan críticamente las prohibiciones del uso del velo islámico integral en los espacios públicos que empiezan a proliferar en Europa y de las que empiezan a hacerse eco algunos Ayuntamientos españoles. Tras un somero análisis de las prohibiciones generales por las que se han inclinado Bélgica y Francia, y de las prohibiciones parciales que predominan en otros Estados, como Alemania, Italia o el Reino Unido, en ámbitos como el escolar se evalúa desde una perspectiva jurídico-constitucional, que incluye la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, las prohibiciones que empiezan a reclamarse y establecerse en España. El autor llega a la conclusión de que una interpretación dogmáticamente adecuada a la CE de 1978 de las limitaciones posibles a los derechos a la libertad religiosa y a la propia imagen, implicados con el uso del velo integral islámico, hace constitucionalmente ilícita una prohibición general del mismo en todos los espacios públicos, pero permite justificar prohibiciones parciales, como las recientemente adoptadas en algunos municipios españoles para el acceso a edificios o servicios municipales, o las impuestas a alumnos y docentes en centros escolares públicos, en la medida en que estén dirigidas a garantizar el correcto funcionamiento de las instituciones y los servicios públicos y/o a la protección de los derechos de los demás.
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Ungarish, Marius. "Two-layer shallow-water dam-break solutions for gravity currents in non-rectangular cross-area channels". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 732 (12 settembre 2013): 537–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.417.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractWe consider the propagation of a high-Reynolds-number gravity current in a horizontal channel along the horizontal coordinate $x$. The bottom and top of the channel are at $z= 0, H$, and the cross-section is given by the quite general $- {f}_{1} (z)\leq y\leq {f}_{2} (z)$ for $0\leq z\leq H$. We develop a two-layer shallow-water (SW) formulation, and we implement it for the solution of the dam-break problem. The dependent variables are the position of the interface, $h(x, t)$, and the velocity (averaged over the area of the current), $u(x, t)$. The non-rectangular cross-section geometry enters the formulation via $f(h)$ and integrals of $f(z)$ and $zf(z)$, where $f(z)= {f}_{1} (z)+ {f}_{2} (z)$ is the width of the channel. For a given geometry $f(z)$, the free input parameters of the lock-release problem are: (i) the height ratio $H/ {h}_{0} $ of ambient to lock; and (ii) the density ratio of ‘light’ to ‘heavy’ fluids, $R$. We show that the dam-break problem is amenable to solution by the method of characteristics, but various complications (internal jumps, critical restrictions) appear when the return flow in the ambient is significant; these features are not captured by a one-layer shallow-water model. The role of the non-standard geometry in the detection and calculation of the internal and reflected jumps, and on the dam-break flow field, is elucidated. The methodology is illustrated for Boussinesq flow in typical geometries: power-law ($f(z)= b{z}^{\alpha } $, where $b, \alpha $ are positive constants), trapezoidal and circle (full or sector); we solved for full-depth ($H= 1$) and part-depth ($H\gt 1$) lock-release configurations. The approach seems to work well: in all the tested cases, the solution was obtained with simple mathematical and numerical tools (a Runge–Kutta integrator and a secant-method solver); the insights are compatible with our previous understanding of the problem; and the standard (rectangular) case is recovered in the appropriate limit (i.e. when the side-boundaries of the trapezium cross-section are vertical or far apart). A comparison of the speed of propagation with available experiments is also presented, and the agreement is satisfactory. The present solution is a significant generalization of the classical two-layer gravity–current dam-break problem. The classical formulation for a rectangular (or laterally unbounded) channel is now just a particular case, $f(z)= $ const., in the wide domain of cross-sections covered by the new model.
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Lu, Wang Ping, Hai Dong Xu, Shao Yi Li e Ling Tao. "Reliable Guaranteed Cost Control for Uncertain Time-Lag Systems of Actuator Failures". Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (giugno 2010): 960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.960.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Focusing on a type of uncertain continual time-lag systems, study on the designing problems of law in reliable guaranteed cost feedback control when actuators are in fault condition of continuous-gain. Apply of the processing method of linear matrix inequality, derived out the condition that reliable guaranteed cost exist, and give out the parameterized representation of all the reliable guaranteed cost control law. In this foundation, we can further obtained the designing method of optimal reliable guaranteed cost control law.
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Lau, Seng-hian. "Negator turned intersubjective speech-act adverbial". Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 47, n. 1 (19 aprile 2021): 113–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00025.lau.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This study investigates the non-negating negator m̄ in Taiwanese. With respect to its function, this study argues that it is neither an intensifier nor a rhetorical marker. Furthermore, contrary to prevalent intuition, the combination m̄-tō is not parallel to the ostensible cognate bújiù in Mandarin Chinese. Instead, the non-negating m̄ is an intersubjective speech-act adverbial affix attaching to the head of FocP (realized as tō or tsiah) that takes scope over whatever follows. Typologically, this study uncovers another use of non-negating negation in natural languages, and consequently challenges the enterprise pursuing a unified analysis for the phenomena of the so-called expletive negation.
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Perbawati, Candra, Rudi . e Nabila Firstia. "Strengthening Rights to Traditional Land Of Pesisir Barat Communities Based On Integrated Coastal Zone Management". International Journal of Religion 5, n. 10 (28 giugno 2024): 2322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/mfrknq58.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The existence of rights to customary land of coastal communities is a recognition of the existence of the community in its customary law area which must be fulfilled and protected and respected by the government. However in fact, protection right on soil custom Public coast not yet running optimally. Study this aim for generate reinforcement model right on soil custom Public Pesisir Barat Lampung based on integrated coastal zone management so that capable ensure continuity protection right on soil custom. With use method study law normative (doctrinal research) and secondary data , found that: Management source power the coast and sea in the Pesisir Barat Lampung must conducted based on draft integrated coastal zone management which involves elements from level government and society local (community based development) where strategies and policies in manage source power coast and sea with method must based on to , first the process and properties natural coastal areas that will managed must understood, second, condition social, economic, cultural and political, and third, understand needs moment this and will come, in Thing this is not could ignored that is right on soil custom Public west coast. Policy development must integrated with permanent community based _ law custom that has law custom, as part from system law proper national _ recognized existence.
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Kojima, Chie. "Maritime Law Enforcement in Japan". Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 6, n. 2 (3 ottobre 2018): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper discusses the roles and functions of the Japan Coast Guard and Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force in maritime law enforcement. It analyzes practices of Japan’s maritime law enforcement in the prevention and punishment of piracy and armed robbery against ships, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, marine pollution, illegal immigration, and drug trafficking. It also examines cases of collaboration among different agencies at the domestic, regional and international levels.
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Ekkens, Tom. "Low-Cost Methods for Improving Data Collection Speed in Microwave Bragg Diffraction". Physics Teacher 60, n. 8 (novembre 2022): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0042152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In many introductory physics classes, diffraction of light is introduced first, then more advanced diffraction topics such as x-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, and crystallography are covered. Since using x-rays raises safety concerns and atomic spacing in a crystal is not easy to change, microwaves with macroscopic crystals have been used to study Bragg’s law in the undergraduate laboratory. A number of scientific supply companies, including PASCO and 3B Scientific, sell 10-GHz microwave optics systems. However, using these systems within the parameters of the manufacturer’s procedure for a Bragg diffraction lab poses some challenges. First, the receiver and transmitter must be manually positioned, making the data collection process slow. Second, the microwaves should be plane waves and the receiver should be located beyond the far-field limit. These 10-GHz microwave optics systems are low power, making them safe for lab use, but this limits the crystal size and working distance between the transmitter and receiver to under 1000 mm. The experimental setup suggested by the manufacturer separates the transmitter and receiver by about 10 wavelengths from the center of rotation. While the bells on the transmitter and receiver help with producing plane waves, it is expected that ideal conditions for Bragg’s law are not completely fulfilled. Indeed, the experiment guide warns of errors up to 15% and unexplained peaks in the data.
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Magdariza e Najmi. "Protection of Maritime Law on Fishery Zone at the Coast Border of West Sumatera". Andalas International Journal of Socio-Humanities 4, n. 2 (26 dicembre 2022): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijosh.v4i2.43.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the few months there is a high intensity of illegal fishing at Indonesian waters. The most potential area located in the coast border of West Sumatera facing the high seas and Indian Ocean that have long been a target from abroad fishing boats. Geographically, there are three areas located in strategic west coast of Sumatera such as Padang City, South Coast District, and Mentawai District. By the situation of opened-coast territorial geography, it is susceptible for illegal fishing of tuna by the local or abroad ships. The observed problems in this research are finding causing factors of illegal fishing in west coast of Sumatera to protect the waters environment under the local wisdom, how to implement the countermeasures of illegal fishing in the west coast of Sumatera. Moreover, there is a special attempt to find out the system and proper policy to cope with the potential happening often of illegal fishing that threatens the waters protection in west coast of Sumatera. The dominant method used in research is qualitative approach by implement two legal studies such as socio legal and normative legal study used in research on doctrines or useful principles of law. Moreover, characteristically this research categorized as the analytical descriptive.