Tesi sul tema "Conopsis"

Solar cells are the primary energy-collection agents used onboard spacecraft converting energy from the sun into electricity. With solar cells being the main source of power for satellites, it is important to know how they operate and degrade when exposed to the harsh environment of low earth orbit. The objective of this thesis is to estimate the solar cell degradation that will be experienced on orbit due to radiation. This linked with the mission of the NPS-SCAT providing a quantitative measurement on orbit of how solar cells degrade over time can reduce risk of expensive national satellite by providing real-life solar cells exposure to threats of the space environment. A secondary goal of this thesis is to build and present a representation of the CONOPs (concept of operations) that describes the functionality expected on orbit. Coordination with the software programmers as well as the staff to set robust functionality is the goal for the CONOPs. This software package will be programmed into the two 1U flight certified CubeSats as their standard programming once implementation and testing have been completed.

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The purpose of this thesis is to use wargaming and simulation to gain insight into the effective employment of a new Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) system, the Adaptive Joint C4ISR Node (AJCN). The AJCN provides the supported commander with several capabilities, to include: range extension, waveform bridging, signal intelligence, electronic warfare, and information operations. Two methods are used to gain insight to the support generation of the concept of operations for the AJCN's employment. The first method is wargaming. The wargaming method utilized a class of NPS students and the JCATS combat simulation model. The wargaming generated insights concerning the AJCN's employment. The second method is the use of a constructive simulation model, POA 2. Insights gained from the two methods include: the need for commanders to differentiate the AJCN and its supporting platform; the need for effective information processing techniques; the importance of maintaining at least two-tiers of AJCN coverage to enhance situational awareness of the supported units.
Major, United States Army
Captain, United States Army

Thesis (M.S. in Modeling Virtual Environments and Simulations (MOVES))--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Saverio M. Manago, Thomas W. Lucas. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-89). Also available online.

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Space Situational Awareness and Space Object Identification are vital to discovering and assessing space-based threats. The current ground-based mission architecture and operational concept do not provide enough detailed information on space objects to give planners and strategists a true picture of the space order of battle. This thesis looks at the possibility of using space-based assets, based on the CubeSat standard, to perform these missions to a higher level of quality. How this system would be folded into the current space systems operational concept is analyzed, as well as some recommendations for further study.

The gradual integration of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) in civil airspace, sharing airways with commercial flights, is expected to be completed once the legal issues and those regarding the unmanned traffic management are solved. This will open the floodgates to a myriad of new services, with a demand that will probably face a lack of pilots, a situation already present in the manned case. Multi-RPAS operations could be a solution, if correctly addressed. The thesis proposes a framework that pursues the feasibility, from a human factors perspective, of having a single pilot/aircrew controlling several RPAS concurrently in non-segregated airspace. Such feasibility implies that this multitasking should be safe, and not interfere with the job of the air traffic controllers due to delays or errors associated to the parallel piloting. To this extent, a set of tools and measures are suggested, which include workload balance and prediction, action monitoring and interface usability. The management of the workload takes into account the cognitive profile of each pilot to determine their limitations and time requirements while executing the tasks. Based on these profiles, the scheduling seeks the concurrent piloting while providing a safe margin of total workload, but also the flexibility in the strategies chosen for executing the tasks. The balance of the workload among pilots, a necessary safety measure, requires the prediction of it; this would be done based on the aggregation of different sources of information like aircraft readings, scheduled tasks, external reports and a suggested map of expected workload drivers. Monitorings are justified by the fact that concurrent piloting could be misleading, so the system provides a safety check, acting as a kind of first officer. The reason behind the focus put on usability is that a handy interface providing an appropriate awareness is an essential requirement in multi-RPAS operations. While multiplying the productivity is the main goal, it also offers benefits for a one-pilot-one-aircraft ratio, as it provides extra safety measures or the possiblity to parallelise other roles in the flightcrew. To illustrate its potential, a prototype was implemented and some experiments with pseudo-pilots conducted to compare the performance with or without some of the features. These showed a decrease in the number of errors, oversights, and subjective stress, and were useful to inspire improvements. Some components of the framework could be leveraged outside of it. For instance, it relies on the exploitation of the potential of Controler-Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC), anticipating a future widespread implementation and full use. A CPDLC display was designed to reduce the head-down of current implementations and provide a more descriptive status of the communications, both key aspects for the quick response that a multi-RPAS pilot could require. As a standalone application, it could be used by pilots and controllers to train the CPDLC phraseology and composition rules, or as an inspiration for future implementations. Its connectivity middleware allows the simulation of different scenarios of Quality of Service for the link, which can be used to train the procedures when related problems arise. Also, the implementation of the suggested map of workload could serve to air traffic management analysts to get the perspective of the pilots during the operations and detect hot spots. The safety measures and monitorings were positively evaluated by the pilots and controllers surveyed, even when some constituted redundant checks to existing air traffic control monitoring tools. The CPDLC display was quite well considered also to be used by controllers, who found it intuitive, quick, and that the information was clearly displayed and at hand. Finally, the handover procedure suggested was well evaluated to avoid the errors arising during the process of control migration.
La integración de los sistemas aéreos pilotados de forma remota (RPAS) en espacio aéreo civil será una realidad una vez se resuelvan los temas legales pendientes o las particularidades en lo referente al control del tráfico aéreo. Esto supondrá el pistoletazo de salida a una amplia gama de servicios, con una demanda que probablemente se enfrentará a una carestía de pilotos, situación que ya se da en el caso de los vuelos tripulados. Las operaciones multi-RPAS, implementadas de forma correcta, podrían paliar este problema. La tesis propone un marco operativo para la viabilidad, a nivel de factores humanos, de que cada piloto o tripulación pueda controlar simultáneamente varios RPAS en espacio aéreo no segregado. Dicha viabilidad implica que estas operaciones sean seguras y no interfieran en el trabajo de los controladores debido a retardos o errores asociados al hecho de pilotar varios aviones. Por ello, se sugiere un conjunto de herramientas y medidas que incluyen la predicción y balanceo de la carga de trabajo, monitoreo de acciones y una adecuada usabilidad de la interfaz. La gestión de la carga de trabajo toma en cuenta los perfiles cognitivos de los pilotos para determinar sus limitaciones y tiempo de ejecución de las tareas. Basándose en estos, se busca una asignación de vuelos con un margen seguro de carga de trabajo total pero también flexibilidad en la estrategia elegida para lidiar con las tareas concurrentes. El balanceo de la carga de trabajo entre los pilotos requiere la predicción del flujo de tareas; esta se basará en tantas fuentes de información como estén disponibles: telemetría, tareas planificadas, partes o un sugerido mapa de factores de carga de trabajo. La monitorización se justifica porque controlar distintos vuelos de forma concurrente puede llevar a confusiones. El sistema cotejará pues las acciones, en una suerte de primer oficial. La usabilidad es clave en el caso multi-RPAS, donde es imperativo una interfaz que permita una respuesta y acceso a la información rápidos, con una clara descripción del estado de las operaciones. Pese a que el principal objetivo del concepto es el aumento de la productividad de los pilotos, este ofrecería beneficios aun cuando a cada piloto se asignase un único vuelo, por sus medidas de seguridad complementarias, o la posibilidad de que la operatividad concurrente se traslade a otros roles de la tripulación. Para ilustrar su potencial, se implementó un prototipo con el que se llevó a cabo experimentos con pseudo-pilotos para comprobar la efectividad de algunas medidas. Estos mostraron una reducción en el número de errores, olvidos y estrés subjetivo, y sirvieron para inspirar mejoras. Algunas piezas del sistema pueden ser útiles fuera de este. Por ejemplo, se explota el potencial de las comunicaciones mediante enlace de datos (CPDLC), anticipándose a su futura implementación y uso extendidos y se diseñó una interfaz CPDLC que redujese el lento manejo de las actuales, con un estado más claro de las comunicaciones. Esta, de forma aislada, podría utilizarse para entrenar a pilotos y controladores en las reglas de composición, o como inspiración a futuros diseños. El software utilizado permite la simulación de escenarios de calidad del enlace, que permitirían practicar los procedimientos asociados a los problemas que pueden surgir en estos. Y el mapa de factores de carga de trabajo que se sugiere, podría ser utilizado para analizar la integración RPAS. Las medidas propuestas fueron positivamente evaluadas por los pilotos y controladores encuestados, aun cuando algunas suponían comprobaciones redundantes, ya presentes en herramientas de control de tráfico aéreo. La interfaz CPDLC, en principio orientada a pilotos, gustó también a controladores por intuitiva, de rápido manejo, y con la información accesible. Finalmente, el procedimiento de migración de control sugerido fue considerado interesante para evitar los errores que surgen durante el proceso de migración de control

Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Command, Control, and Communications (C3)))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.
Thesis Advisor(s): Pfeiffer, Karl. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75). Also available in print.

Reproductive isolation can be achieved through multiple types of barriers and is essential for speciation. In flowering plants, pre-pollination barriers (e.g. differentiation in pollination niches) are believed to be the most efficient at preventing gene flow across species boundaries. In closely related species that come into secondary contact, such barriers can evolve to prevent competition for pollinator service and/or interspecific pollen transfer, which can have fitness costs. Hence pollination niche differentiation should be stronger in sympatric populations than in allopatric populations (i.e. character displacement). To investigate the differences in pollination niches and to see if it is consistent with a hypothesis of character displacement, I used the two closely related and phenotypically similar orchid species, Gymnadenia conopsea and G. densiflora. I sampled mixed and pure populations of G. conopsea and G. densiflora on Öland during the summer of 2020. In these populations, I used video cameras and pollinator catches to record pollinator activity and characterize the composition of pollinator communities. Estimation of pollinator efficiency was also assessed by analyzing the number of pollinia carried by each pollinator. Contrary to my expectations, I found that both orchids had their visitation peak during the night and that the most frequent and efficient pollinators were Autographa gamma or Deilephila porcellus for both of them. Furthermore, no increased differentiation between the two species was found in mixed compared to pure populations. My results suggest that plant-pollinator interactions do not act as efficient pre-pollination barriers in these two orchid species, and that competition for pollinator service and through interspecific pollen transfer seem to be too weak to drive pollination niche partitioning.

A wide majority of orchid populations are decreasing due to habitat fragmentation and to changes in land management. Population size, density and habitat quality are factors that are expected to be positively related to the viability and future growth of a population. We evaluated if population size, density and soil organic matter were good predictors of growth, survival, flowering, recruitment, and growth rate in 18 populations of the long-lived orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. We followed the populations for four years. Recruitment in 2020 increased with population size, and survival in 2018 was higher in denser populations. However, flowering probability and number of flowers both decreased with population size in 2018. Soil organic matter did not significantly influence any vital rate. In total, the studied population factors could explain very little of the variation in demography. The matrix modelling showed that 14 of the 18 populations had a positive stochastic growth rate, even with an increased probability of summer drought (scenario with 50% of the years equal to the dry summer of 2018). In the populations with negative growth rate, the probability of quasi-extinction in the next 50 years varied from 90 to 100%. Declining populations were characterized by low survival following the dry year. In sum, population size, density and soil organic matter did not convincingly explain variation in growth rate of G. conopsea, suggesting that other environmental factors are responsible of governing variation in vitals rates and population dynamics.

Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Green, J. M.; Second Reader: Hart, D. A. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Anti-ship Cruise Missile, ASCAM, Survivability, Probability, Kill Chain, Monte Carlo, Decision Tree, Surface to Air Missile, Close in Weapon System, Countermeasures. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50). Also available in print.

ITC/USA 2014 Conference Proceedings / The Fiftieth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 20-23, 2014 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CA
The paper discusses the history and background of metadata standards for the FTI community over the last 20 years and speculates on how they may develop in the future. It starts by highlighting the deficiencies of proprietary formats and the resulting problems. It then discusses the characteristics and features of specific industry standard metadata descriptions such as TMATS, iHAL, MDL and XidML in addition to their levels of maturity. The attributes of what constitutes a fully mature FTI metadata standard is then discussed. It is suggested that any standard must serve at least two functions, Configuration and Validation, and outlines what exactly each means. Finally, it is argued that there is now a significant level of convergence and consensus in both the scope and application of metadata, and in the associated concept of operations (ConOps). The details of this Concept of Operations are then discussed along with suggestions as to how this may evolve in the coming years.

ITC/USA 2014 Conference Proceedings / The Fiftieth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 20-23, 2014 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CA
This paper discusses the mission needs, design/development, and testing of the (L, S & C Band) Telemetry Receive/Record & Re-Radiation pod.

The complex Gymnadenia conopsea s.l. represents a very problematic group in terms of taxonomy, showing a wide morphological, phenological, genetical and cytogenetical variability. The aggregate G. conopsea encompasses a range of taxa, two of which, G. conopsea (L.) R. Br. s.s. and G. densiflora (Wahlenb.) A. Dietr., have been acknowledged as beeing a species level. Individual taxa cannot be safely distinguished on the basis of morphological characteristics in all cases. Recently, there has been a lot of discussion concerning the taxonomical value of taxons within the G. conopsea complex. The complex is represented by a variety of cytotypes, while the major tetraploid cytotypes represent the above mentioned G. conopsea and G. densiflora taxa, that are easily distinguishable by means of flow cytometry. The taxonomical classification of minority cytotypes is not clear. For these reasons, to be able to obtain more detailed information, an application of different approaches from the field of morphology, cytogenetics and molecular genetics is suitable when evaluating the populations. In this thesis, morphological characteristics, AFLP and an analysis of microsatellites along with a measurement of ploid level using FCM have been used for evaluation. On the basis of evaluating a multidimensional cluster analysis and a dendrogram created by the UPGMA method combining these data, a specific dissimilarity of the G. densiflora and G. conopsea taxon has been confirmed. Based on the comparative analysis of microsatellite loci and overlapping morphometric characteristics of tetraploid and octoploid G. conopsea cytotype it can be assumed that the octoploid cytotype is a separate chromosomal aberration of tetraploid plants.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系所
99
In recent years, many polysaccharides have been reported to exhibit a variety of biological activities, including immunostimulation, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor. In the current study, a polysaccharide extracted from Gymnadenia conopsea was evaluated in chemical components, molecular weight distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Laminarinase treated hydrolysates on cell cytotoxicity was conducted by MTT assays. Chemical analysis revealed that the polysaccharide is composed of β-1,3glucan, the major fractions with Mw in the range of 1.5×105 Dalton¬. After laminarinase treatment, three distinct fractions in molecular weight, designated as LGCP10K (MW=1.17×104), LGCP6K (MW=6.3×103) and LGCP2K (MW=2.1×103) were collected, respectively. Cell line studies indicated that LGCP2K fraction exhibited better anti-tumor activity in Hep-G2 and AGS human cancer cell than those of other fractions, LGCP10K and LGCP6K. LGCP2K showed 74% decrease in the proliferation of Hep-G2 cells when using 500 µg/mL up to 72 hours. By reverse phase microscope, cell morphology changed in shrinkage and cluster of round cells were observed. Cell cycle analyzed by flow cytometry explored that Hep-G2 cells showed sub-G1 phase when treated with 200 µg/mL LGCP2K for 48 hours. In annexin V-PI assay, the data demonstrated that early apoptosis cells can be found when 200 µg/mL LGCP2K were employed for 48 hours. Furthermore, the outcomes depicted that the Caspase-3 activity was enhanced when treated low-molecular weight hydrolysate LGCP2K on the Hep-G2 cells for 48 hours. Conclusively, the present study illustrated that LGCP2K followed apoptosis pathway on Hep-G2 cell lines and exhibited a great potential in antitumor activity.

Nos últimos anos, a emergente dos crimes transfronteiriços nas fronteiras exteriores da Europa tem-se constatado um desafio exigente na forma de atuação das agências europeias de segurança das fronteiras. O projeto Europeu “Augmented Reality for Enriched Situation awareness for Border security – ARESIBO” (GA 833805) pretende desenvolver uma solução inovadora para a contribuição da melhoria do conhecimento situacional nas operações de segurança no domínio das fronteiras. O problema inerente a esta dissertação surge no âmbito da Tarefa 2.5 do projeto: A definição de 4 Casos de Uso Piloto que demonstrem um conhecimento situacional integrado com a adoção de tecnologias de Realidade Aumentada, num domínio terrestre, marítimo, e misto. Assim sendo, o principal objetivo da presente investigação é a conce- ção de uma metodologia para desenvolver e validar casos de uso e cenários de demonstração, baseados na análise do Conceito de Operações (CONOPS) do sistema ARESIBO. O método usado compreende o uso de duas abordagens, a tradicional Engenharia de Sistemas, e a Engenharia de Sistemas baseada em modelos, para guiar o desenvolvimento dos Casos de Uso e cenários a partir da análise do CONOPS. A arquitetura e o design dos cenários são definidos pela combinação do NATO Architecture Framework (NAF) com o método Object-Oriented Systems Engineering (OOSE), que possibilita a construção de diagramas UML comportamentais. A descrição dos Casos de Uso e cená- rios é feita através da Activity Theory e do processo de Intelligence utilizado pela agência FRONTEX, de forma a apresentar claramente quais as atividades realizadas pelas comunidades ilícitas e as agências de segurança de fronteiras. O resultado consiste na definição de uma metodologia que permite desenvolver e validar quatro Casos de Uso Piloto, conforme explicado na definição do problema: Um caso de trespasse de uma fronteira terrestre, um caso de tráfico ilegal de mercadorias, de humanos e por fim de droga.
In the past few years, the emerging cases of cross-border crimes into the external borders of Europe has been a demanding challenge in the operations of the European border security agencies. By these means, the European project “Augmented Reality for Enriched Situation awareness for Border security – ARESIBO” (GA 833805) aims to present an innovative solution to improve situational awareness in border security operations. The problem of the present dissertation is funded under the Task 2.5 of the project, focused on the definition of four Pilot Use-Cases (PUC) that call for integrated situation awareness and the use of AR technologies in land, sea, and mixed-border domain. Within this standpoint, the main objective of this thesis is the conception of a methodology to develop and validate Use-Cases and demonstrating scenarios, based on the Concept of Operations (CONOPS) analysis of the ARESIBO system. The method comprises the use of a Systems Engineering (SE) with a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach to guide the development of the Use-Cases, starting with the CONOPS analysis to derive user requirements. The architecture and design of the scenarios are achieved through the combination of the NATO Architecture Framework (NAF) with the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering method (OOSEM), enabling the conception of behavioral UML diagrams. The description of the Use-Cases and scenarios uses the Activity Theory with the FRONTEX Intelligence process to present a full understanding of the activities performed by both illicit and LEA communities. The result is the definition of four PUC that call for integrated situation awareness with the use of AR technologies: Land-border trespassing, smuggling of goods, human trafficking, and drug trafficking, composed by a conceptual and detailed scenario that associates the flow of the events to be performed with the user requirements and the technological pillars from the CONOPS analysis.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系所
98
Diabetes mellitus（DM）is one of the metabolic disorders due to deficiency of insulin action. However, available medicines for diabetes mellitus have a number of limitations, such as adverse effects and high rates of medical failure. Several studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicinal plants contain anti-hyperglycemic activity. The purpose of current study is to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of Shouzhangshen （Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br.） polysaccharide. The objectives will focus on the capacity of blood glucose regulation by aqueous extract from Gymnadenia conopsea and investigate the safety of Gymnadenia conopsea polysaccharide. The Orchidaceae plant, Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br. is a perennial herb widely distributed in China. The tubers of this plant have been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of asthma, neurasthema, and chronic hepatitis. The rats in treatment groups were fed on diets in the form of 5、25、50 mg/Kg B.W. supplement of Gymnadenia conopsea in weight percentile for 10 weeks. The results shows that diabetic rats which received Gymnadenia conopsea had significantly control fasting plasma glucose from 325 mg/dL to 211 mg/dL, especially in the group of a 25 mg/Kg B.W. polysaccharides supplement. After 25 mg/Kg B.W. polysaccharides treatment the area under curve (AUC) decreased 15.96%. Normoglycemic study further revealed the potential of Gymnadenia conopsea to decrease the blood glucose level in normal rats, but do not cause hypoglycemia. Evaluate its safety by Ames test three different dosage of Gymnadenia conopsea polysaccharides, 5, 25 and 50 mg/plate, depicted no toxicity and mutagenicity under specified conditions.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系所
99
The major objective of the current study was assessment of Gymnadenia conopsea and its hyperlipidemia effects on hamster. Gymnadenia conopsea, as a subject material was employed in the current study. The sample extracted by hot water and followed by ethanol precipitation and then a crude polysaccharide was obtained for further study. Various hydrolysates with different size were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis. The multi-molecular weight was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) using TSK GEL G3000 column. The results indicated that the MW 12000 and MW 22800 were determined and obtained by using 0.8 U of laminarinase at 37℃ for 10 minutes and 1.0 U of Cellulase at 37℃ for 10 minutes, respectively. Reducing sugar compounds, 89.20 mg/g, were measured and they showed two times higher compared to those of crude polysaccharide before hydrolysis. Moreover, two-fold increase of DPPH scavenging activity of laminarinase hydrolysate derived from Gymnadenia conopsea was observed compared to intact polysaccharide. On chelating activity, cellulase hydrolysates demonstrated the highest effect. In reducing power and the ferric thiocyanate method, no significant difference was found among groups. Furthermore, animal study of anti-hyperlipidemia was conducted and verified by employing Male Hamster as an animal model. The results illustrated that intake low, medium and high dosage of Gymnadenia conopsea polysaccharides can reduce serum triglyceride by 42.79%, 48.72% , 53.8% respectively, after 10 weeks experimental diet period. Total cholesterol levels were significantly lower about 21.78%~24.68%, and the LDL-C levels were decreased by 46.3%, 45.66%, 44.59%, respectively. Consequently, LDL/HDL ratio were significantly reduced. Conclusively, Gymnadenia conopsea polysaccharide of the protective effect against lipid modulation in hamster fed high-fat diet was depicted under specified conditions.

The subject of this diploma thesis was the research of vegetation at localities in the Protected Landscape Area Bohemian Paradise. There were choosen areas: Natural Monument Podloučky and Protected Area Fialník, where grows an orchid Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. montana. There were made 60 phytocenological samples, and described: biotop, altitude, slope, huminidy and exposure. There were found four orchid species in the localities. Phytocenological samples were compared with each other. It has been shown that differences between localities are greater than the differences between orchid and non-orchid samples. Significant differences were also found in comparing the coverage in the floor between locations and abundace of species in each floor.