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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Connectivité dynamique fonctionnelle"
Delay, L., M. Tanter e S. Pezet. "Neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle ultrasonore : vers une meilleure compréhension de la physiologie et de la physiopathologie des douleurs aiguës et chroniques". Douleur et Analgésie, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/dea-2022-0237.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Connectivité dynamique fonctionnelle"
Kabbara, Aya. "Estimation des réseaux cérébraux à partir de l’EEG-hr : application sur les maladies neurologiques". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S028/document.
Testo completoThe human brain is a very complex network. Cerebral function therefore does not imply activation of isolated brain regions but instead involves distributed networks in the brain (Bassett and Sporns, 2017, McIntosh, 2000). Therefore, the analysis of the brain connectivity from neuroimaging data has an important role to understand cognitive functions (Sporns, 2010). Thanks to its excellent spatial resolution, fMRI has become one of the most common non-invasive methods used to study this connectivity. However, fMRI has a low temporal resolution which makes it very difficult to monitor the dynamics of brain networks. A considerable challenge in cognitive neuroscience is therefore the identification and monitoring of brain networks over short time durations(Hutchison et al., 2013), usually <1s for a picture naming task, for example. So far, few studies have addressed this issue which requires the use of techniques with a very high temporal resolution (of the order of the ms), which is the case for magneto- or electro-encephalography (MEG or EEG). However, the interpretation of connectivity measurements from recordings made at the level of the electrodes (scalp) is not simple because these recordings have low spatial resolution and their accuracy is impaired by volume conduction effects (Schoffelen and Gross, 2009). Thus, during recent years, the analysis of functional connectivity at the level of cortical sources reconstructed from scalp signals has been of increasing interest. The advantage of this method is to improve the spatial resolution, while maintaining the excellent resolution of EEG or MEG (Hassan et al., 2014; Hassan and Wendling, 2018; Schoffelen and Gross, 2009). However, the dynamic aspect has not been sufficiently exploited by this method. The first objective of this thesis is to show how the EEG connectivity approach source "makes it possible to follow the spatio-temporal dynamics of the cerebral networks involved either in a cognitive task or at rest. Moreover, recent studies have shown that neurological disorders are most often associated with abnormalities in cerebral connectivity that result in alterations in wide-scale brain networks involving remote regions (Fornito and Bullmore, 2014). This is particularly the case for epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's) which constitute, according to WHO, a major issue of public health.In this context, the need is high for new methods capable of identifying Pathological networks, from easy to use and non-invasive techniques. This is the second objective of this thesis
Sourty, Marion. "Analyse de la dynamique temporelle et spatiale des réseaux cérébraux spontanés obtenus en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD002/document.
Testo completoThe functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a perfect tool for mapping in a non- invasive manner the activity of the cortex, giving access to the functional organization of the brain. This organization of brain areas into complex networks remains a large topic of study, both from a fundamental research perspective, to better understand the development and function of the brain, and from a clinical perspective, for diagnostic purposes for instance. The resting-state networks in a given subject can be observed in fMRI studies where no motor or cognitive tasks are imposed to the subject. The first part of this thesis focused on the development of an automatic identification method of these networks. Performed at the subject level, this method selects all the resting-state networks proper to the subject. Beyond the detection and identification of these networks, the study of interactions between these networks in space and time, and more generally the analysis of the dynamic functional connectivity (DFC), is the subject of growing interest. This analysis requires the development of innovative methods of signal or image processing that, for now, are still exploratory. The second part of this thesis thus presents new approaches to characterize the DFC using the probabilistic framework of multidimensional hidden Markov models. Conversational mechanisms between brain networks can be identified and characterized at the resolution of the second. Two applications, first on a single subject then on a group, helped to highlight the changes of dynamic properties of interaction between networks under certain conditions or diseases
Fauvet, Maxime. "Mécanismes centraux de contrôle de la motricité saine et altérée : rôle fonctionnel de la dynamique des couplages cortico-musculaires". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU30065.
Testo completoThe control of voluntary movement is a most discussed issue for those people interested in how the human locomotion or other daily acts are controlled and find answers in two apparently separate fields of research: biomechanics on the one hand and motor control on the other. Verified theories, which model some of the mechanisms involved in motor control at either muscles or brain levels, exist in both fields. However, we still miss a unifying theory that would bridge the gap existing between biomechanics and motor control and would offer a model including all levels of observation: from central nervous system to muscle activity. The present work has been actually designed to partly answer this issue: we propose to study the dynamics of communications occurring during a movement between the different nodes of the motor network through connectivity analyses. Hence, we pursued three main goals: i) develop a dynamic analysis of connectivity measures, ii) apply this analysis to the comparison of functional connectivity between healthy subjects and stroke patients performing elbow extensions and iii) complete the previous analyses with effective connectivity studies of the same paradigm. Thus, this is a multidisciplinary work involving neurosciences, biomechanics and signal processing. Our results show that high inter-variability and intra-variability are less influential in connectivity analysis with our method. Compared analyses between healthy subjects and stroke patients reveal a specific alteration of functional connectivity between antagonist muscles and motor cortex in stroke patients and varying levels of connectivity measures during movement. Finally, the development of effective connectivity analyses and the associated parameters selection will allow us to figure out the direction of communications within the motor network during movement. The overall results of this work show that the analyses of connectivity dynamics can complete existing motor control theories and provide a basis for the constitution of a new dynamic model including the communications between the nodes of the motor network involved in movement control and finally reunite biomechanics and motor control
Abdallah, Majd. "The dynamics of cerebro-cerebellar resting-state functional connectivity : relation to cognition, behavior, and pathophysiology". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0126.
Testo completoStudies of resting-state functional connectivity (FC), measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), have revealed extensive functional connections between the cerebellum and association regions in the brain, supporting an important role for the cerebellum in cognition. These findings have been based on static FC measures averaged across entire scans spanning a few minutes. However, this is a narrow view that has been recently challenged, with findings pointing to the presence of an ongoing, behaviorally relevant dynamics in resting-state FC occurring at short timescales of a few seconds, which, given the dynamic nature of the brain, is a more natural view that may encode information about complex cognitive functions. So far, however, the cerebellum has been overlooked in most, if not all, studies of dynamic FC, despite its well-recognized role in coordinating complex cognitive functions. In this thesis, we hypothesized that the dynamics of cerebro-cerebellar FC, during rest, may be behaviorally relevant, capturing aspects of cognition and behavior not accounted for by static FC and exhibiting alterations in brain disorders commonly associated with cerebro-cerebellar dysfunction, such as alcohol use disorder (AUD). We tested these hypotheses in two separate studies focusing on the dynamics of cerebro-cerebellar FC in relation to complex traits and disorders, such as impulsivity (first study) and AUD (second study). The first study has been motivated by a recent hypothesis for a role of the cerebellum in impulsivity; a complex personality trait defined as the tendency to act without foresight. We hypothesized that individual differences in normal impulsivity traits could be associated with the (static) strength and (dynamic) temporal variability of cerebro-cerebellar resting-state FC. We tested this hypothesis using rsfMRI data and self-report questionnaires of impulsivity (UPPS-P and BIS/BAS) collected from a group of healthy individuals. In particular, we employed data-driven techniques to identify cerebral and cerebellar resting-state networks, compute summary measures of static and dynamic FC, and test for associations with self-reported impulsivity. We observed evidence linking multiple forms of impulsivity to the strength and temporal variability of resting-state FC between the cerebellum and a set of highly dynamic and integrative brain networks that support top-down cognitive control and bottom-up reward/saliency processes, supporting our hypothesis that cerebro-cerebellar FC dynamics are behaviorally relevant. In the second study, we hypothesized that the dynamics of cerebro-cerebellar FC at short timescales would differ between AUD and controls, especially in the frontocerebellar circuits. To test this hypothesis, we explored the differences in the dynamic cerebro-cerebellar FC between an AUD group (N=18) and a group of unaffected controls (N=18) by comparing groups on different dynamic connectivity measures. Results revealed altered cerebro-cerebellar FC dynamics in the AUD group characterized by hypervariability of FC within fronto-parieto-cerebellar networks, reduced cerebellar flexibility, and increased cerebellar integration, compared with controls. These results suggest a possible role for the dynamics of fronto-parieto-cerebellar networks in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Taken together, the findings from this thesis highlight the utility of complementing static FC approaches with dynamic FC analysis in furthering our understanding of the functional repertoire of cerebro-cerebellar networks and the neurobiological architecture of complex behaviors and brain disorders
Herbet, Guillaume. "Vers un modèle à double voie dynamique et hodotopique de l'organisation anatomo-fonctionnelle de la mentalisation : étude par cartographie cérébrale multimodale chez les patients porteurs d'un gliome diffus de bas-grade". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T004/document.
Testo completoUnderstanding how the brain produces sophisticated behaviours strongly depends of our knowledge on its anatomical and functional organization. Until recently, it was believed that high-level cognition was merely the by-product of the neural activity of discrete and highly specialized cortical areas. Major findings obtained in the past decade from neuroimaging, particularly from the field of connectomics, prompt now researchers to revise drastically their conceptions about the links between brain structures and functions. The brain seems indeed organized in complex, highly distributed and plastic neurocognitive networks. This is in this state of mind that our work has been carried out. Its foremost ambition was to rethink actuals models of social cognition, especially mentalizing, through the behavioural study of patients harbouring a diffuse low-grade glioma. Because this rare neurological tumour induces major functional reorganization phenomena and migrates preferentially along axonal associative connectivity, it constitutes an excellent pathophysiological model for unmasking the core structures subserving complex cognitive systems. Anatomo-clinical correlations were conducted according to both a classical topological approach (region of interest analyses, voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping, intraoperative cortical electrostimulation) and a hodological approach (degree of disconnection of associative white matter fasciculi, intraoperative axonal connectivity mapping). The main results of our different studies enable us to lay the foundation of a dynamic (plastic) and hodotopical (connectivity) dual-stream model of mentalizing. Specifically, a dorsal stream, interconnecting mirror frontoparietal areas via the perisylvian network (arcuate fasciculus and lateral superior longitudinal fasciculus), may subserve low-level perceptual processes required in rapid and pre-reflective identification of mental states; a cingulo-medial stream, interconnecting medial prefrontal and rostro-cingulated areas with medial posterior parietal areas via the cingulum, may subserve higher-level processes required in reflective mentalistic inferences. These original findings represents a great step in social neuroscience, have major implications in clinical practice, and opens new opportunities in understanding certain pathological conditions characterized by both mentalizing deficits and aberrant structural connectivity (e.g. autism spectrum disorders)
Gomez, Chloé. "DeepStim Project. Modeling states of consciousness and their modulation by electrical Deep Brain Stimulation : from experimental data to computational models". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL027.
Testo completoDiagnosis of patients with coma is of- ten difficult. Brain examinations inform physicians about the extent of brain damage but do not ac- curately determine the patient’s level of conscious- ness. Moreover, no therapeutic approach allows a systematic restoration of consciousness. Pioneer- ing studies in patients and Non-Human Primates (NHP) have shown that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus could restore or improve consciousness when it is impaired. However, the cortical consequences as- sociated with DBS remain largely unknown and un- predictable. Functional imaging techniques, such as Resting-State functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RS-fMRI), can help identify signatures of consciousness. Brain activity at rest, organized into networks, can be modeled using functional connectivity. This thesis aims to dissect, using the NHP model, the effects on functional connectiv- ity of a modulation of consciousness induced by anesthetic agents or DBS on a whole-brain scale.This requires the development of interpretable and predictive models of the effects of such modula- tion on global brain function. To identify domi- nant recurrent patterns (i.e., different brain states) from functional connectivity, an unsupervised ma- chine learning technique (K-Means) has been pre- viously proposed. As part of this thesis, we de- velop new analysis tools by taking advantage of the advances in self-supervised deep learning tech- niques. We hypothesized that identifying latent variables in RS-fMRI signals can inform us about the modulation of states of consciousness. First, we aim to identify a time-averaged spatial signature of consciousness in both the awake state and under anesthesia. This is achieved through a la- tent variables method that decomposes resting- state fMRI signals based on functional networks associated with conscious access. In a transla- tional effort to investigate consciousness restora- tion, we extend this analysis to awake or awak- ened NHPs by DBS of the central thalamus. Our model autonomously suggests that both the ante- rior and posterior cortex contribute to conscious- ness, a debatable topic in the scientific community. Additionally, it underscores the significance of key regions within the global neuronal workspace, a prominent theory regarding conscious access. Fol- lowing this time-averaged analysis, recognizing the critical importance of temporal integration in con- sciousness analysis, we propose to challenge con- ventional dynamic functional connectivity meth- ods. We employ a contrastive deep learning model to predict brain patterns characteristic of various consciousness states. Experiments demonstrate that the model predictions based on dynamic func- tional connectivity facilitate the examination of different transient brain states. Lastly, to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of con- sciousness states, we diverge from the conventional subgroup classification framework and introduce a dimension-reduction method. This approach aims to condense these states into a limited number of interpretable and explicable variables. Our findings indicate that the traditional categorical approach inadequately captures the continuum of conscious- ness state dynamics
Le, Roux Sébastien. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire ab-initio des verres de chalcogénures GeS2 et (M2S)0.33(GeS2)0.66 M=Na, Ag". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688343.
Testo completoProix, Timothée. "Large-scale modeling of epileptic seizures dynamics". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4058.
Testo completoEpileptic seizures are paroxysmal hypersynchronizations of brain activity, spanning several temporal and spatial scales. In the present thesis, we investigate the mechanisms of epileptic seizure propagation on a slow temporal and large spatial scale in the human brain and apply them to a clinical context. For patients with partial refractory epilepsy, seizures arise from a localized region of the brain, the so-called epileptogenic zone, before recruiting distant regions. Success of the resective surgery of the epileptogenic zone depends on its correct delineation, which is often difficult in clinical practice. Furthermore, the mechanisms of seizure onset and recruitment are still largely unknown. We use a mathematical neural mass model to reproduce the time course of interictal and ictal mean activity of a brain region, in which the switching between these states is guided by an autonomous slow permittivity variable. We first introduce a slow permittivity coupling function between these neural masses, hypothesizing the importance of the slow manifold in the recruitment of brain regions into the seizure. Before exploring large-scale networks of such coupled systems, we present a processing pipeline for automatic reconstruction of a patient's virtual brain, including surface and connectivity (i.e., connectome), using structural and diffusion MRI, and tractography methods. Using linear stability analysis and large-scale connectivity, we predict the propagation zone. We apply our method to a dataset of 15 epileptic patients and establish the importance of the connectome in determining large-scale propagation of epileptic seizures
Rizkallah, Jennifer. "Characterization of neocortical networks from high-resolution EEG : application to disorders of consciousness". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S095.
Testo completoThe human brain is a complex network. Cognitive function is guaranteed when the brain dynamically reconfigures its network organization over time. Studies have showed that most brain disorders, including neurodegenerative and mental diseases, are characterized by changes in the structural and/or functional brain networks. Thus, there is a strong demand for new, non-invasive, network-based and easy-to-use methods to identify these pathological networks. Electroencephalography (EEG) source connectivity method enables the tracking of large scale brain networks dynamics with an excellent temporal resolution. It is in this context that my thesis was carried out. My work here extends the methodological and clinical developments of our research team on functional connectivity at cortical level. The aim of my thesis work is twofold: i) to progress on the methodological aspects of the EEG source connectivity method and ii) to use this method in a clinical application related to the disorders of consciousness. My thesis is divided into two main parts, with two studies realized in each part. In the first part (methodological aspects), I approached, in a first study, the capacity of the EEG source connectivity method to track the brain network dynamic alterations during a fast cognitive task. Then in a second study, I tested the effect of the spatial leakage problem on the reconstructed functional brain networks. In the second part (clinical applications), I analyzed brain networks alterations in patients with disorders of consciousness, using static analysis in the first study and dynamic analysis in the second one
Weng, Qilong. "Stabilité pour des modèles de réseaux de neurones et de chimiotaxie". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED026/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is aimed to study some biological models in neuronal network and chemotaxis with the spectral analysis method. In order to deal with the main concerning problems, such as the existence and uniqueness of the solutions and steady states as well as the asymptotic behaviors, the associated linear or linearized model is considered from the aspect of spectrum and semigroups in appropriate spaces then the nonlinear stability follows. More precisely, we start with a linear runs-and-tumbles equation in dimension d≥1 to establish the existence of a unique positive and normalized steady state and the exponential asymptotic stability in weighted L¹ space based on the Krein-Rutman theory together with some moment estimates from kinetic theory. Then, we consider time elapsed model under general assumptions on the firing rate and prove the uniqueness of the steady state and its nonlinear exponential stability in case without or with delay in the weak connectivity regime from the spectral analysis theory for semigroups. Finally, we study the model under weaker regularity assumption on the firing rate and the existence of the solution as well as the same exponential stability are established generally no matter taking delay into account or not and no matter in weak or strong connectivity regime