Tesi sul tema "Conception and realization"

Dans les cellules solaires planaires silicium, le matériau doit être assez épais pour que l’absorption des photons soit efficace, et dans le même temps, l’accroissement de l’épaisseur augmente les chances de recombinaison des porteurs. Afin d’avoir à la fois absorption et couche mince, des structures radiales (nanopiliers ou nanocones) peuvent être utilisées, qui ont des diamètres inférieurs à la longueur de diffusion des porteurs minoritaires, ce qui garantit une bonne collecte des porteurs. Ce travail présente la réalisation et la caractérisation de cellules solaires silicium bas coût, basées sur des nanostructures (piliers ou cônes). Pour la nanostructuration, l’usage d’un masqueur électronique est évité grâce à l’utilisation de microbilles de silice, déposées par technique Langmuir-Blodget et servant de masque à la gravure sèche des nanostructures. L’électrode face avant est en ZnO, obtenue par technique sol-gel. Avant la fabrication, une simulation des propriétés optiques des nanostructures en fonction de leur forme (densité, hauteur, diamètre,) a été réalisée à l’aide de calculs FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain). La synthèse des films ZnO par sol gel a été optimisée (concentration des dopants, recuit thermique, hydrogénation, …) afin d’avoir la meilleure transparence optique et la plus faible résistivité. Finalement, des cellules solaires n+- i - p ont été réalisées, assemblant nanostructures et couche ZnO. Des étapes supplémentaires de passivation des défauts de surface et d’interfaces associés aux nanostructures ont été finalement menées
For planar p-n junction solar cell, the material must be thick enough to have enough absorption, whereas increasing the thickness leads to the increase of recombination of carriers. In order to decouple the requirement of light absorption and carrier collection, nanopillars (or nanocones) radial p-n junction are introduced. Nanopillars (or nanocones) have greater absorption and radial geometry offers minimal recombination if the diameter of nanopillars ( or nanocones ) is smaller than the minority carrier diffusion length. This work presents the realization and characterization of low-cost Si nanostructures (nanopillars and nanocones) solar cell with sol-gel derived ZnO transparent electrodes. In order to decrease the fabrication price, silica balls and Lamguir-Blodgett techniques are used as the substitutes of photoresist and electrical beam lithography, respectively. Besides, ZnO thin film transparent electrodes are synthesized by low-cost sol-gel methods For pursuiting high efficiency, first of all, we have tested the absorption of nanopillars and nanocones by varying their periods, diameters, lengths and sidewalls. Second, we have optimized the electrical properties of ZnO thin film by changing the synthesis parameters, such as doping concentration, baking temperature, anneal temperature and hydrogen treatment. In the end, solar cells were fabricated based on optimized Si nanostructures and optimized ZnO thin films. Due to their bad electrical properties associated with surface defects, surface passivation methods were performed to reduce the defects concentration in p-i-n junction and improve the efficiency of solar cells

Le sujet de thèse porte sur des micro/nanorésonateurs ainsi que leurs électroniques de lecture. Les composants mécaniques sont utilisés pour mesurer des masses inférieures à l'attogramme (10-18 g) ou de très faibles concentrations de gaz. Ces composants peuvent ensuite être mis en réseau afin de réaliser des spectromètres de masse ou des détecteurs de gaz. Afin d'atteindre les résolutions nécessaires, il a été choisi d'utiliser une détection harmonique de résonance détectant les variations de la fréquence de résonance d'une nanostructure mécanique. Les dimensions du résonateur sont réduites afin d'augmenter sensibilité en masse, cependant le niveau du signal électrique en sortie du composant est également réduit. Ce faible signal nécessite donc de concevoir de nouvelles transductions électromécaniques ainsi que des architectures électroniques qui minimisent le bruit, les couplages parasites et qui peuvent être mise en réseau.

Le sujet de thèse porte sur des micro/nanorésonateurs ainsi que leurs électroniques de lecture. Les composants mécaniques sont utilisés pour mesurer des masses inférieures à l'attogramme (10-18 g) ou de très faibles concentrations de gaz. Ces composants peuvent ensuite être mis en réseau afin de réaliser des spectromètres de masse ou des détecteurs de gaz. Afin d'atteindre les résolutions nécessaires, il a été choisi d'utiliser une détection harmonique de résonance détectant les variations de la fréquence de résonance d'une nanostructure mécanique. Les dimensions du résonateur sont réduites afin d'augmenter sensibilité en masse, cependant le niveau du signal électrique en sortie du composant est également réduit. Ce faible signal nécessite donc de concevoir de nouvelles transductions électromécaniques ainsi que des architectures électroniques qui minimisent le bruit, les couplages parasites et qui peuvent être mise en réseau
The PhD project focuses on micro or nanomechanical resonators and their surrounding electronics environment. Mechanical components are employed to sense masses in the attogram range (10−18 g) or extremely low gas concentrations. The components can then be implemented in arrays in order to construct cutting-edge mass spectrometers or gas chromatographs. To reach the necessary resolutions, a harmonic detection of resonance technique is employed that measures the shift of the resonant frequency of a tiny mechanical structure due to an added mass or a gas adsorption. The need of shrinking the resonator's dimensions to enhance the sensitivity also reduces the signal delivered by the component. The resonator low output signal requires employing new electromechanical resonator topologies and electronic architectures that minimize the noise, the parasitic couplings and that can be implemented in arrays

Le sujet de thèse concerne le développement de l'architecture de contrôle et la génération de trajectoire pour un exosquelette évolutif appelé SOL. Les résultats de l'étude biomédicale ont révélé que la progressivité de la maladie pouvait être résolue par une réadaptation précoce et continue tout au long de la croissance. Ainsi, l'importance de l'utilisation d'un exosquelette a un impact positif puisqu'il sert à la fois à la locomotion et à la réhabilitation. Cependant, les exosquelettes actuels ne peuvent pas être adaptés au changement continu de la biomécanique de l'adolescent tout au long de sa croissance. Par conséquent, le besoin de développer un exosquelette évolutif capable de faire face aux besoins croissants est un sujet interdisciplinaire. L'architecture de contrôle d'un tel dispositif évolutif a été abordée dans cette thèse, à la fois dans les développements matériels et logiciels pour incorporer autant que possible la fonctionnalité d'évolutivité. Les étapes initiales ont été franchies en vue d'atteindre l'objectif d'un exosquelette évolutif, en contribuant à la fois aux développements matériels qui permettent d'apporter d'autres améliorations tout au long de l'avancement du projet, et aux développements du firmware, qui ont répondu aux besoins en matière d'évolutivité au niveau du contrôle.L'extensibilité a également été abordée aux trois niveaux hiérarchiques de contrôle. Plus spécifiquement, une attention particulière a été accordée à la génération des trajectoires de référence de la marche pour une population en croissance. Enfin, grâce à la connaissance de la biomécanique du sujet, le contrôleur développé est capable d’identifier les trajectoires appropriées et injecter les trajectoires de référence des actionneurs de l’exosquelette SOL.Un premier prototype de l'exosquelette est utilisé pour manifester les résultats du générateur de marche évolutionnaire (E.G.G.) proposé. Comme premier prototype, un mouvement de marche libre dans l'air est testé, où la validation du matériel proposé et des boucles de contrôle sont démontrées. L'étude des réponses de contrôle des exosquelettes contre les perturbations externes probables et des scénarios de sécurité en cas de défaillance est encore un travail futur obligatoire avant de réaliser les premiers tests sur l'exosquelette humain
The thesis' subject concerns the development of the control architecture and the trajectory generation for a scalable exoskeleton called SOL. The biomedical study outcomes revealed that the progressiveness of the disease could be solved by early and continuous rehabilitation throughout the growth. Thus, the importance of using an exoskeleton has a positive impact since it is used to provide locomotion and rehabilitation, at the same time. However, the current exoskeletons cannot be adapted to fit the continuous change of teenager biomechanics throughout his growth. Hence, the need for developing a scalable exoskeleton that can cope with the growing needs is still a challenging topic. Especially, the control architecture of such a scalable device was tackled in this thesis, in both hardware and software developments to incorporate the scalability features. Initiative steps have been passed towards the goal of achieving a scalable exoskeleton, by contributing in hardware developments that allowing further enhancements to be included throughout the advancement of the project. Firmware developments achieved have addressed the scalability needs in terms of control by considering the three hierarchical levels (which are: High, Middle, and low-levels of control). More specifically, a focus was dedicated to the generation of the gait reference trajectories for the growing population. Data were collected from healthy subjects wearing a passive exoskeleton to extract the proper joint trajectories, then, the data were processed to build a gait library to be deployed on the exoskeleton controller. Finally, by knowledge of the subject biomechanics, the controller is able to fetch the proper trajectories and inject the reference trajectories to the SOL's actuators. A first prototype of the exoskeleton is used to manifest the outcomes of the proposed Evolutionary Gait Generator (E.G.G.). As a first prototype, A free walking in air motion is tested, where the validation of the proposed hardware and control loops are demonstrated. Studying the exoskeletons' control responses against probable external disturbances and fail-safe scenarios are still future work mandatory before achieving first human-exoskeleton testing

Les systèmes dits d’intelligence artificielle peuvent obtenir des produits dont on se demande s’ils sont éligibles au droit d’auteur. Face à cette question, le juriste intellectualiste ne peut se contenter d’un modèle grossier de son droit, ni se satisfaire d’une approximative revendication. Il est alors invité à considérer la production artificielle de manière réaliste, dans ses caractères sériels et divergents. Ceci éloigne la possibilité d’une appréciation erronée des faits : il n’y a pas, le plus souvent, un produit créé par un utilisateur de l’IA. La production artificielle, ce sont avant tout des surnuméraires, outputs obtenus incidemment en très grand nombre, traces numériques d’une ingénierie indirecte et hautement itérative. Pratiquer l’exercice de qualification au droit d’auteur sur le cas artificiel fait comprendre les raisons de l’impossible protection : les choix libres ne peuvent être qualifiants que des formes originales créées (les logiciels) … ils ne sauraient qualifier toute forme lointainement obtenue. Face à ce cas limite, les caractères de l’œuvre de l’esprit se révèlent dans la cohérence du droit positif : la conception réalisée, la disqualification du fait d’une trop grande contrainte technique, la précision et l’objectivité de l’identification et les autres conditions d’entrée au droit d’auteur, viennent souligner la détermination autoriale, la convergence créative et l’intelligibilité sociale comme le sous-texte pré-conditionnel de l’institution
AI systems can produce outputs that may purportedly be subject to copyright. To investigate this possibility, one should avoid the use of a rough model of copyright law, and an approximative description of the facts. Artificial production should be envisaged realistically, being serial and non-convergent. Most of the time, there is not one sole artificial output obtained by the so-called “AI user”. On the contrary, there are mostly supernumerary outputs due to the use of an indirect and highly iterative kind of software engineering. Then we understand the reason why this cannot be subject to copyright protection. Free choices are only creative towards works of authorship, not their indirect computed implications. This is also a confirmation of the consistency of copyright law: it protects what the author has conceived and realized, what is not excessively impeded by technical constraints, what is objectively and precisely identifiable… As a consequence, authorial determination, creative convergence and social intelligibility appear as unavoidable preconditions of copyright law

此論文旨在探究對稱技巧在十二音創作概念與實踐之間的關係。前者抽象、後者具體。我先在第一章指出十二音系統内的對稱潛質，再在其後兩章分析對稱技巧在荀白克的《摩西與亞倫》及魏本的交響曲作品21第二樂章内的展現。荀白克“音樂意念及“發展變奏這兩個概念，在《摩西與亞倫》扮演着重要的角式，大大影響了作品内對稱的處理；而魏本對音樂的“一體性“及“可瞭解性“的堅持，亦決定了交響曲第二樂章中對稱的演譯。最後一章總括十二音作曲概念及實踐的關係，並展望日後的研究方向。
Through an analytical study of Schoenberg’s Moses und Aron and Webern’s Symphony Op.21, second movement, my thesis aims at exploring a central issue in interpreting symmetry in twelve-tone music: the relationship between abstract conception and concrete realization.
In Chapter one, I endeavour to contextualize the uses of symmetry in twelve-tone music within contemporary theoretical perspectives. After defining my methodology, subsequent chapters are analytical examinations of two pieces. Chapter two explores how Schoenberg’s uses of symmetry in the opening of Moses und Aron might be closely associated with his conception of “idea and “developing variation. Chapter three considers the ways in which the symmetrical manifestations in Webern’s variation movement demonstrate his concern for “unity and “comprehensibility. After studying the two composers’ different symmetrical treatments Chapter 4 revisits the relationship between abstract conception and concrete realization in twelve-tone composition, and suggests implications for further research.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Liu, Man Yee.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Abstract (Chinese) --- p.ii
Acknowledgements --- p.iii
List of Figures --- p.vi
List of Music Examples --- p.viii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Abstract Conception versus Concrete Realization in Twelve-Tone Music --- p.1
The Twelve-Tone System and its Symmetrical Potentials --- p.5
Methodology, Selection of Pieces and Overview of Chapters --- p.8
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Schoenberg’s "Idea" and Twelve-Tone Symmetry --- p.11
Compositional Concerns
Row Design, Motive, Developing Variation and "Idea" --- p.14
Moses und Aron: The Idea of God and the Twelve-Tone System --- p.20
Pre-Compositional Plan
Schoenberg’s Divine Order --- p.28
Compositional Practice
Realization of Unimaginable God --- p.33
Realizations of Basic Set (P₉) and its Inversion (I₀) --- p.38
Implications: Manifestation of Divine Order --- p.44
First "Image": Musical Representation of the Row by Aron --- p.47
Second "Image": Musical Representation of God by Aron in the Golden Calf scene --- p.53
Schoenberg’s Allegory: Irreconcilability in Realizing "Idea" --- p.58
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Webern’s Variationen and Twelve-Tone Symmetry --- p.64
Compositional Concerns
Webern and Symmetry --- p.69
Analytical Perspectives on Symphony Op.21, Second movement --- p.70
Pre-Compositional Plan
Webern’s Statement on Symphony Op.21, Second movement --- p.73
Compositional Practice
Thema --- p.77
Variation I --- p.81
Variation II --- p.85
Variation III --- p.92
Variation IV --- p.96
Variation V --- p.101
Variation VI --- p.105
Variation VII --- p.107
Coda --- p.110
Summary --- p.112
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Epilogue --- p.115
Pre-Compositional Row Designs --- p.116
Presentations of Rows in Their Music --- p.116
Implications for Further Research --- p.119
Select Bibliography --- p.121

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário
No âmbito da Unidade Curricular de Seminário de Educação Física, desenvolveuse o Relatório de Estágio no sentido de explicar tudo aquilo que irá ser realizado no âmbito do estágio. Neste, deve constar o Enquadramento Pedagógico ao nível da Conceção, Planeamento, Realização e Avaliação do Ensino no decorrer do estágio. Explicitando a forma que pretendo agir como professora, as metodologias, a organização e gestão de ensino que foram desenvolvidas durante este ano letivo, assim como, a criação, o desenvolvimento e a consolidação de uma relação com a Comunidade Escolar. Posto isto, apresento o Enquadramento Científico, onde se insere o meu projeto. O tema sobre “A Atividade Física, a Educação Física e o Rendimento Escolar – um estudo exploratório com os alunos do ensino secundário do género feminino”. O objetivo é um estudo exploratório sobre a relação entre a atividade física e o rendimento escolar em alunos do género feminino, com uma amostra de 48 alunas com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e 17 anos. O instrumento utilizado é questionário validado e adaptado por especialistas. Este é composto por duas partes: Parte 1 – IPAQ (Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física – versão 6) e Parte 2 – Atividade Física e Rendimento Escolar, com respostas fechadas. O tratamento dos dados foi através análise estatística e descritiva, no “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” (SPSS) e Excel Microsft. Os resultados revelam que as alunas com sucesso no rendimento escolar são as mais ativas ou com a maior participação em atividades. Indicando uma relação positiva entre o rendimento escolar e atividade física, desenvolvendo benefícios a longo prazo.
Within the Course of Physical Education Seminar, it was developed the Internship Report to explain everything that will be performed in this probation. This should include the Pedagogical framework at the level of Conception, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation of Teaching during the internship. It will explain how I intend to act as a teacher, organization, management and teaching methods that were developed during this school year, as well as the creation, development and consolidation of a relationship with the school community. That said, I present the scientific framework, which includes my project. The theme about "Physical Activity, Physical Education and Educational Achievement - an exploratory study with secondary school students were female." The goal is an exploratory study on the relationship between physical activity and academic performance with female students, with a sample of 48 students aged between 16 and 17 years. The used instrument is a validated questionnaire and adapted by experts. This consists of two parts: Part 1 - IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - version 6) and Part 2 - Physical Activity and School Performance, with closed answers. The data analysis was made by descriptive statistics and analysis, in "Statistical Package for the Social Sciences" (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The results show that success at school are the most active and with higher participation in activities. This indicates a positive relationship between physical activity and academic performance, developing long-term benefits.

Theoretical and empirical thesis "Teacher and his role in the process of pupil's self- conception forming" aims to explore the theme of self-conception from the perspective of those involved in the educational process. Primarily in terms of personal and social development, whose major component is the development of self-conception of pupil. The thesis explores the possibilities and limits of teaching experience and tries to find some starting points and recommendations that can help teachers better manage claims that contemporary society places on education of children. It also seeks to give teachers a tool that would simply and effectively determine the level of their work on self-development of their pupils.

博士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
97
Adhering to the constructional view claiming that every construction is a form-function pairing, this dissertation provides a detailed analysis of the correspondence between linguistic manifestations and speaker's construal of events. The main focus of this study is on the interactions between argument realizations and event conception in Hakka potential complement constructions. In order to show more vividly the subtle interfacing relationships among phonological, syntactic and semantic structures, this study adopts Jackendoff's (2002) parallel architecture to present clearly the degree of schematicity of Hakka PC constructions. On the other hand, further integrating the cognitive representations such as action chains and stage model from Langacker's (1991) Cognitive Grammar into the parallel architecture crystallizes the symbolic relations between the constructional form and function. Members of Hakka PC constructions are shown to be distributed on a continuum of schematicity, from fully productive cases, to semi-productive cases, and finally to fully substantive cases. Moreover, all subconstructions form a family, organized in an inheritance hierarchy in which the one at the lower level inherits general qualities from its inheritor, and at the same time possess its own uniqueness. Integrating the cognitive and the constructional models, this dissertation proposes a fine-grained and full-fledged analysis of both the regularities and the idiosyncrasies of Hakka PC constructions.