Articoli di riviste: "Con-10"

1

Huston, Carol J. "10 consejos para delegar con éxito." Nursing (Ed. española) 28, no. 2 (February 2010): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0212-5382(10)70347-2.

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Conde, F. J., R. Prat, I. Galeano, J. Lourido, P. Febles, and L. González-Feria. "10. Neuroblastoma del adulto con implantación dural." Neurocirugía 12, no. 3 (2001): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1130-1473(01)70836-6.

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Alfonso-Muñoz, E. A., M. J. Roig-Revert, E. Fernández-López, M. Hernández-Díaz, R. Araujo-Miranda, and C. Peris-Martínez. "Casuística de 10 pacientes con queratitis por Acanthamoeba." Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología 93, no. 10 (October 2018): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oftal.2018.04.009.

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Clavel Escribano, M. "10. Osteoma vertebral asintomático con invasión del canal espinal." Neurocirugía 12, no. 3 (2001): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1130-1473(01)70812-3.

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Morell, Ferran, and Ana Villar. "Fibrosis pulmonar idiopática: estudio diagnóstico con 10 actuaciones clínicas." Medicina Clínica 149, no. 6 (September 2017): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2017.04.004.

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6

Toribio Díaz, Mª Elena, María Luz Cuadrado Pérez, Alejandra Peláez, Ángel Aledo Serrano, María Isabel Pedraza Hueso, Jesús Porta Etessam, and Ángel Luis Guerrero Peral. "Migraña con edema palpebral prolongado: serie de 10 casos." Revista de Neurología 58, no. 09 (2014): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.5809.2013565.

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López-Tomassetti Fernández, Eudaldo Miguel, Luciano Delgado Plasencia, Iván Jesús Arteaga González, Ángel Carrillo Pallares, and Norberto Hernández Siverio. "Rotura no traumática del bazo: experiencia con 10 casos." Gastroenterología y Hepatología 30, no. 10 (December 2007): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13112586.

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8

Farina, L., L. D'Incerti, M. Grisoli, M. G. Bruzzone, N. Nardocci, G. Zorzi, and M. Savoiardo. "Studio neuroradiologico su 10 pazienti con distrofia neuroassonale infantile." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 10, no. 2_suppl (October 1997): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19714009970100s269.

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La distrofia neuroassonale infantile (INAD) è una malattia degenerativa ereditaria con esordio nel primo o nel secondo anno di vita e progressivo sviluppo di spasticità, deficit visivo e demenza. La diagnosi si ottiene con biopsia cutanea che dimostra le tipiche alterazioni costituite dagli sferoidi assonali. Presentiamo i dati neuroradiologici di 10 pazienti, 7 maschi e 3 femmine, studiati presso il nostro Istituto tra il 1987 e il 1996. Nove pazienti avevano 1 esame RM e 4 pazienti 2 per un totale di 13 esami RM: 12 erano stati ottenuti con apparecchio 0.5T., 1 con apparecchio 1.5T. Due pazienti hanno anche effettuato 1 esame TC; un paziente è stato sottoposto unicamente ad 1 esame TC. Il reperto più costante è la presenza di atrofia cerebellare riscontata in 8 casi su 10 e sempre associata ad una iperintensità di segnale in T2 della corteccia cerebellare; la cisterna magna e le cisterne intorno al tronco erano ingrandite in 6 casi. In 4 casi era presente un'atrofia del chiasma. Reperti più rari sono stati una iperintensità in T2 dei nuclei dentati (3 casi), della sostanza bianca periventricolare posteriore (2 casi) e del grigio periacqueduttale (2 casi). Nei 2 fratelli è stata evidenziata una iperintensità della porzione mediale dei globi pallidi. Dei 5 pazienti con controlli a distanza 3 mostravano una progressione dell'atrofia cerebellare e 2 nessuna evoluzione. Il dato RM più costante sembra essere quindi l'atrofia cerebellare associata ad una iperintensità in T2 della corteccia cerebellare. L'assenza di questo reperto non esclude peraltro la diagnosi. La coesistenza di un'alterazione dei globi pallidi riscontrata nei 2 fratelli rappresenta probabilmente un aspetto fenotipico diverso della stessa malattia piuttosto che una malattia differente.

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Bea, Sonia, Ana Belén Piteiro, Alba Gómez-Zubiaur, and Lidia Trasobares. "Verrugas palpebrales resueltas con una pomada de sinecatequinas al 10%." Piel 33, no. 3 (March 2018): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.piel.2017.06.005.

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10

Campos-Quintero, Aldo, José Antonio García-Montes, Rubén Cruz-Arias, Carlos Zabal-Cerdeira, Juan Calderón-Colmenero, and Juan Pablo Sandoval. "Estimulación endocárdica de niños con peso inferior a 10 kilogramos." Revista Española de Cardiología 71, no. 1 (January 2018): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2016.11.034.

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11

Triana G, Juan José, Carlos Andrés García M., and José Nicolás Fernández B. "Síndrome de Wünderlich en una paciente con 10 semanas de gestación tratado satisfactoriamente con embolización arterial selectiva." Urología Colombiana 24, no. 3 (December 2015): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uroco.2015.09.006.

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12

Ferreira, R. M., I. Fidalgo, S. Pimenta, and L. Costa. "Tratamiento no quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Dupuytren con aponeurotomía percutánea con aguja: 10 años de experiencia." Rehabilitación 54, no. 4 (October 2020): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rh.2020.02.007.

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13

Pérez Saldaña, Mª Teresa, Vera Parkhutik Matveeva, María Eugenia Boscá Blasco, Berta Claramonte Clausell, and Juan Andrés Burguera Hernández. "Espasmo hemifacial: más de 10 años de tratamiento con toxina botulínica." Revista de Neurología 45, no. 10 (2007): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.4510.2007464.

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14

Cano Orgaz, Antonio T., Ernest Palomeras Soler, Pilar Sanz Cartagena, and Pilar Fossas Felip. "Tratamiento profiláctico de la migraña con flunaricina: ¿5 o 10 mg?" Revista de Neurología 33, no. 01 (2001): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33588/rn.3301.2001102.

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15

Solares, Ignacio, and Alfonso González. "Entrevista con Ignacio Solares Cuernavaca, Morelos, 10 de abril de 1993." Chasqui 23, no. 2 (1994): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29741137.

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16

Vobornik, Dusan, Daniel S. Banks, Zhengfang Lu, Cécile Fradin, Rod Taylor, and Linda J. Johnston. "Near-field optical probes provide subdiffraction-limited excitation areas for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on membranes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 9 (August 10, 2009): 1645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-10-10.

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Near-field optical probes have been used to produce a subdiffraction-limited observation area for fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) experiments on supported membranes. The design of a bent, etched fiber probe that is compatible with biological imaging in an aqueous environment is described. This probe design is used for proof of principle experiments to measure lipid diffusion in a fluid-supported bilayer. A reduction in excitation area of approximately one order of magnitude (relative to a confocal FCS experiment) is obtained with a probe aperture diameter of 140 nm. We also demonstrate a simple approach for modeling the autocorrelation decay due to diffusion within the excitation profile at the near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) probe aperture. The use of probes with smaller apertures is expected to provide an additional order of magnitude reduction in the observation area, thus enabling the study of cellular membranes with higher concentrations of fluorophores than is currently possible with diffraction-limited techniques.

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Czaplik, Waldemar Maximilian, Matthias Mayer, Sabine Grupe, and Axel Jacobi von Wangelin. "On direct iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 7 (May 2, 2010): 1545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-10-10.

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A new methodology for the direct cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and alkyl halides under iron catalysis is described. Unlike conventional protocols, the direct cross-coupling obviates the need for the preformation of stoichiometric amounts of Grignard species and thus exhibits a reduced hazard potential. The underlying one-pot reaction involves iron-catalyzed Grignard formation followed by a rapid cross-coupling step. Mechanistic data on the role of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) as additive, the concentration of intermediates, and the nature of the catalyst species are discussed.

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Tolan, Nicole V., Jennifer A. Meyer, Chia-Jui Ku, Welivitiya Karunarathne, and Dana M. Spence. "Use of the red blood cell as a simple drug target and diagnostic by manipulating and monitoring its ability to release adenosine triphosphate (ATP)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 8 (June 4, 2010): 1623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-02-10.

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Without question, one of the main tasks of the red blood cell (RBC) is to deliver oxygen to various tissues and organs in vivo. However, due to the lack of a nucleus and mito-chondria, the RBC is typically not thought to be a determinant in many diseases or abnormal physiological conditions. Recent efforts by many labs world-wide are resulting in a body of evidence, suggesting that the RBC may serve many other roles in vivo besides that of an oxygen carrier. If so, the RBC may eventually emerge as one of the simplest drug targets and diagnostic tools available. Here, molecular evidence is provided, suggesting that the RBC, via its ability (or inability) to maintain proper levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release in the circulation, may be a major factor in vascular regulation. Moreover, due to the RBC’s response to slight modifications in its normal environment, the use of the RBC as an important diagnostic for early prediction of disease onset is discussed.

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Pajkossy, Tamás. "Atypical electric behavior of the double layer. Experimental case studies: Rh(111) in aqueous HCl solutions, and Au(111) in an ionic liquid, BMIPF6." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 2 (November 2, 2010): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-06-10.

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and zero-charge-potential measurements have been performed for the title systems. The results of the Rh(111)/aqueous HCl solutions demonstrate that in solutions of binary electrolytes with adsorbing anions the interfacial impedance is a single, indivisible element, even if its frequency dependence implies a four-element circuit. The measurements on Au(111) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIPF6) reveal that double-layer formation and rearrangement in ionic liquids are very slow processes manifesting themselves as a parallel combination of a capacitance and a constant phase element (CPE).

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20

Grafov, Boris M. "Gibbs fluctuation theory in the context of electrochemical equilibrium noise." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 2 (November 2, 2010): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-07-10.

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The electrochemical noise verification of the Gibbs fluctuation theory shows that the Gibbs ergodic idea works perfectly with respect to the pair correlations of the electrode charge thermal fluctuations. At the same time, the Gibbs formulae for the triple- and higher-order correlations of the electrode charge thermal fluctuations are outside of the ergodic hypothesis. This failure of the Gibbs ergodic idea suggests that the noise version of the electrochemical charge-transfer theory should be developed. In the context of nano-electrochemistry, the second- and higher-order correlations of the electrochemical noise processes may be considered as the quantities suitable for the nano-electrochemical characterization of both the electrode processes and electrochemical devices.

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Amelia, Matteo, Tommaso Avellini, Simone Monaco, Stefania Impellizzeri, Ibrahim Yildiz, Françisco M. Raymo, and Alberto Credi. "Redox properties of CdSe and CdSe–ZnS quantum dots in solution." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 1 (October 8, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-08-10.

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Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are inorganic nanoparticles which, because of their unique size-dependent electronic properties, are of high potential interest for the construction of functional nanodevices. Photoinduced electron transfer is a versatile mechanism used to implement light-induced functionalities in multicomponent (supra)molecular assemblies. Indeed, QDs can be employed as active components in new generations of these systems. The rational design of the latter, however, requires prior knowledge of the photo-physical properties and redox potentials of the nanocrystals. Here we discuss the results of recent systematic electrochemical investigations aimed at understanding the structural factors that regulate the redox properties of CdSe core and CdSe–ZnS core–shell QDs.

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Szadkowska, Anna, Cezary Samojłowicz, and Karol Grela. "Enhancement of ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis reactions: Searching for new catalyst or new reaction conditions?" Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (January 16, 2011): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-09-10.

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Olefin metathesis as a catalytic process constantly gains interest among organic chemists. Over the last decade, it became an efficient tool to accomplish the synthesis of many complex molecules. The development of new well-defined catalysts and continuous examination of novel ligands led to the establishment of metathesis methodology in a group of widespread chemical transformations. Not only does the selection of the catalyst seem to be of crucial importance, but modifying the reaction conditions, such as choice of the solvent and temperature, also allows one to make olefin metathesis a practical industrial process. This contribution, based on examples from our research, is devoted to answering the question “What may have a greater impact on the performance of metathesis reaction: a sophisticated catalyst design or unique reaction conditions?” Based on the data reported in the paper, we discuss two complementary strategies concerning the tuning of the olefin metathesis process.

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Zhang, Yongyi, Elena Galoppini, Patrik G. Johansson, and Gerald J. Meyer. "Homoleptic star-shaped Ru(II) complexes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 4 (February 25, 2011): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-01.

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A series of homoleptic Ru(II) star complexes were synthesized and bound to semiconductor metal oxide nanoparticle films. In the nanosized, highly symmetrical “star”-shaped complexes, the Ru(II) center is coordinated to three identical bipyridine ligands carrying conjugated oligophenylenethynylene (OPE) rigid linker units terminating with carboxylic anchor groups. In this report, we describe how this concept is being applied toward the development of chromophoric units that are isolated from the surface of the semiconductor, and some possible advantages of this surface engineering strategy.

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Gamsjäger, Ernst. "Kinetics of diffusive phase transformations: From local equilibrium to mobility-driven migration of thick interfaces." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 5 (March 4, 2011): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-02.

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It is a prerequisite for the occurrence of diffusive phase transformations that the system is in an off-equilibrium condition. The time-dependent development of the variables until equilibrium or steady-state conditions are reached can be calculated by solving the evolution equations that can be derived from the principle of maximum entropy production. These equations provide the theoretical framework for the kinetics of diffusive phase transformations. In this work, the development from sharp interface-local equilibrium (SI-LE) models to thick interface-finite mobility (TI-FM) models is reviewed and presented in the light of the above-mentioned principle. Experimental results indicate that the kinetics of diffusive solid-state phase transformations can, at least in certain ranges of composition and temperature, be modeled in a satisfactory manner by the TI-FM approach only.

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Wells, Peter, and Alvira Macanovic. "We need to talk: The case for a multidisciplinary approach to designing green policy." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 7 (June 10, 2011): 1351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-03.

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In order to sensibly design green policy, at least three separate disciplines need to be involved. Clearly, technology will be required to design new processes and redesign old ones. Government policy makers will need to ensure that new regulatory structures adapt and reflect societal goals of decreasing our impact on the planet. Lastly, we need to hear from the economists to make certain that our efforts to develop green processes actually have a net positive effect. This last point is not as obvious as it might appear. James Watt’s invention of the external condenser for steam engines, which he patented in 1769, dramatically reduced coal requirements for a unit of output. Not surprisingly, demand for coal dropped as new steam engines incorporating that design became common after the patent expired in 1794. However, in the period 1830–1860 coal use in England actually increased by an order of magnitude. This is the efficiency paradox. As the effective cost of the product falls because more can be produced from the same raw materials, demand increases. The net result is higher overall consumption. While the focus of green chemistry is the effect emissions are having on the environment, to date we have tended to concentrate on inputs and processes, and not the emissions themselves. In designing policy and new processes, we need to keep phenomena such as the efficiency paradox in mind to ensure that our efforts to improve the environment actually have that effect in practice.

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Liang, Wenting, Hui-Hui Zhang, Jing-Jing Wang, Yuan Peng, Bin Chen, Cheng Yang, Chen-Ho Tung та ін. "Supramolecular complexation and photocyclodimerization of methyl 3-methoxy-2-naphthoate with modified γ-cyclodextrins". Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, № 4 (23 лютого 2011): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-04.

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A series of modified γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) were prepared as chiral host for catalyzing the enantiodifferentiating photocyclodimerization of methyl 3-methoxy-2-naphthoate (NA). The complexation behavior of NA with modified γ-CDs was studied by UV–vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. All of the modified γ-CDs formed stable 1:2 host–guest complex with NA, and binding affinities for two-step complexation critically depended on the structure of modified γ-CDs. The enantioselectivity of NA photocyclodimerization was also significantly affected by the modification of γ-CD. The secondary rim-modification considerably reduced the enantioselectivity, for which the interrupted hydrogen-bonding network, leading to a flexible CD skeleton, is most probably responsible.

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Reiter, Viktoria, and Harald Harmuth. "Melt corrosion of refractories in the nonferrous industry and the electric arc furnace: A thermochemical approach." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 5 (April 4, 2011): 1093–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-05.

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A thermochemical approach was implemented to study the dissolution mechanisms of a wide range of refractory oxides and silicates in slags of the nonferrous metals industry and electric arc furnaces. First of all, the slags have been characterized regarding their working range, phase assemblage, and melting behavior. Subsequently, the interactions of different combinations of refractory and slag have been examined, and emphasis has been placed on the determination of possible reaction products formed during dissolution and the solubilities of the refractory oxides and silicates in various slags. Direct dissolution, decisive in the case of high corrosion rates, as well as indirect dissolution have been described. Varying operation conditions (e.g., temperature, atmosphere) have been incorporated into the investigations. In addition to the thermochemical calculations, the solubility of magnesia in fayalite slags has been determined experimentally with the quenching method and the calculated results have been compared to published corrosion studies of other authors. These studies revealed that thermochemical calculations are a suitable tool to examine melt corrosion. The thermochemical approach provides information that can be incorporated into product development and in the operation mode, giving a proper choice of process conditions.

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Andraos, John. "A database tool for process chemists and chemical engineers to gauge the material and synthetic efficiencies of synthesis plans to industrially important targets." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 7 (June 10, 2011): 1361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-07.

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After 20 years of green chemistry research, a complete algorithm for the determination of material and synthetic strategy efficiencies for synthesis plans to any chemical target has been achieved. This paper presents the first announcement of a comprehensive database consisting of green metrics calculations for 1060 plans to 220 targets of interest to the chemical industry in the following categories: commodity industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals, dyestuffs and colorants, natural products, flavorings, fragrances, and sweeteners, and molecules of theoretical interest. Data mining of the original literature covered the period 1828–2010. A summary of trends in achieving green chemistry strategies is presented, including an unbiased method of ranking plans using a suite of parameters, ring construction strategies, and implications on the development of new kinds of smart structure search databases. The take-home message is that targeted optimization is a multivariable problem that requires synergistic maximization and minimization of key variables. Problems in the reporting of chemical syntheses in scientific journals and patents are discussed as well as setting guidelines for their standardization and normalization. The merits of spreadsheet tools are presented from decision making in route selection all the way to fast and accurate proofreading of the final plan chosen.

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Koskinen, Ari M. P. "Chirospecific synthesis: Catalysis and chiral pool hand in hand." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (January 16, 2011): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-09.

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Nature provides us with a wonderful pool of enantiopure starting materials for synthesis: amino acids, sugars, and many (but not all!) terpenes can be isolated even in large quantities in an uncompromised 100 % ee. Vicinal amino alcohols constitute a versatile group of organic structures; they are, in principle, available in enantiopure form from the chiral pool compounds or through chiral catalysis; they are potent intermediates for the synthesis of natural products and medicinally/biologically active compounds, and they provide a highly desirable scaffold for the construction of ligands for metals as well as organocatalysts. These new techniques will open up valuable new possibilities for the invention of new technologies for chemical synthesis, the desired course of chemical discoveries for the future. A robust entry to enantiopure vicinal amino alcohols from inexpensive naturally occurring amino acids has therefore become a key challenge for our endeavors in the development of methodology.

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Williams, Ian H., J. Javier Ruiz Pernía, and Iñaki Tuñón. "Does glycosyl transfer involve an oxacarbenium intermediate? Computational simulation of the lifetime of the methoxymethyl cation in water." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 8 (April 4, 2011): 1507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-12.

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2D free-energy surfaces for transfer of the methoxymethyl cation between two water molecules are constructed from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in which these atoms are treated quantum-mechanically within a box of 1030 classical solvent water molecules at 300 K. This provides a simple model for glycosyl transfer in water. The AM1/TIP3P surfaces with 2D-spline corrections at either MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) or MP2/6-31+G(d,p) contain a shallow free-energy well corresponding to an oxacarbenium ion intermediate in a DN*AN mechanism. MD analysis at three temperatures leads to a classical estimate of the lifetime of the methoxymethyl cation in water; when quantum corrections for vibrational zero-point energy are included, the lifetime is estimated to be about 1 ps, in agreement with the best experimental estimate. This suggests that computational simulation, with appropriate high-level correction, is a reliable tool to obtain detailed and reliable mechanistic descriptions for glycosidases. In view of the importance of developing improved anti-influenza drugs, simulations of sialidases that considered both sialyl oxacarbenium ion and covalent sialyl-enzyme as possible intermediates could provide particular insight.

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Rettenmayr, Markus. "Supersaturation and solute enrichment and their role in phase transformations in metal alloys." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 5 (April 4, 2011): 1085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-15.

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Supersaturations and depletion or enrichment of solute/solvent are known to be the driving forces for phase transformations. In the present work, a series of different experiments is presented where in a single phase or a two-phase mixture supersaturation or enrichment/depletion of solute occur in at least one of the phases. In all cases the result is a phase transformation, particularly either the precipitation of a secondary phase out of a primary phase, or the migration of the interface in a two-phase mixture. It is demonstrated that solute transport in the phase exhibiting faster kinetics controls the phase transformation process.

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Fowler, Patrick W., Barry T. Pickup, and Tsanka Z. Todorova. "A graph-theoretical model for ballistic conduction in single-molecule conductors." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 8 (April 27, 2011): 1515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-16.

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The tight-binding version of the source-and-sink potential (SSP) model of ballistic conduction can be cast in a graph-theoretical form where the transmission through a molecular wire depends on four characteristic polynomials: those of the molecular graph and the vertex-deleted subgraphs with one or both of the molecular vertices contacting the electrodes removed. This gives an explicit function for the dependence of transmission on energy, one that is well adapted for qualitative description of general classes of conductors and conduction behavior. It also leads directly to a selection-rule criterion for conduction in terms of counting zero roots of the polynomials, which for benzenoids and graphenes is shown to subsume literature approaches based on Kekulé structure counting, bond order, and frontier-orbital matching. As explicitly demonstrated here, the SSP transmission function agrees with that derived by the Green’s function (GF) method.

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Roithová, Jana. "Superelectrophilic chemistry in the gas phase." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 8 (April 4, 2011): 1499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-17.

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Superelectrophilic chemistry in the gas phase is driven by the high intrinsic reactivity of dications. The formation of new doubly charged products proceeds via highly internally excited intermediates. Conditions for the formation of the doubly charged intermediates and a “cooling principle” in the reactivity of dications are explained. The reactivity is demonstrated with several examples.

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Bonge, Hanne Therese, and Tore Hansen. "Halodiazoacetates as useful tools for selective halo-functionalization." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (January 31, 2011): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-18.

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Abstract (sommario):

The halodiazoacetates are a group of synthetically useful halogenated diazo compounds that can be used in Rh(II)-catalyzed carbenoid reactions. In the reactions between the halodiazoacetates and electron-rich, sterically unhindered alkenes, halocyclopropanes are formed in good to excellent yields. The halodiazoacetates also react well in C–H and Si–H insertion reactions, broadening the synthetic utility of these reactions. The products of the reactions are synthetically useful α-halocarbonyl compounds. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have given insight into the mechanism of the cyclopropanation and C–H insertion reactions of the halodiazoacetates, and have also shown that the halodiazoacetates have a particularly high kinetic activity.

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35

Friestad, Gregory K., and Gopeekrishnan Sreenilayam. "1,5-Polyols: Challenging motifs for configurational assignment and synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (January 31, 2011): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-19.

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Despite the well-established methods for stereochemical assignments and synthesis of 1,3-diols, the corresponding 1,5-diols and -polyols present specific challenges which remain unsolved. This article highlights some new strategies and methodologies specifically designed for the 1,5-diol motif.

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36

Yoosaf, K., Abdelhalim Belbakra, Anna Llanes-Pallas, Davide Bonifazi, and Nicola Armaroli. "Engineering supramolecular photoactive nanomaterials by hydrogen-bonding interactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 4 (March 14, 2011): 899–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-22.

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The photophysical properties of molecules containing anthracene, pyrene, or phenyleneethynylene chromophores bearing complementary triple H-bonding terminal units, namely, 2,6-di(acetylamino)pyridine (donor–acceptor–donor, DAD) and uracyl (acceptor–donor–acceptor, ADA) have been investigated as a function of solvent polarity. For asymmetric systems, presenting only one H-bonding unit, a solvatochromic effect is found, suggesting a charge-transfer character of the lowest electronic excited state. Systematic absorption and emission studies carried out as a function of temperature show that phenylene-ethynylenes having linear geometry and H-bonding functionalities at both ends undergo reversible self-aggregation in cyclohexane (CHX), leading to the formation of spherical nanoparticles, as evidenced by wide-field fluorescence microscopy (WFM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A combination of an anthracene derivative bearing only one ADA terminal functionality and a linear phenylene-ethynylene derivative possessing two DAD terminal groups in CHX (2:1 molecular ratio) leads to the formation of vesicular nanostructures. The interaction of linear phenylene-ethynylenes possessing two terminal 2,6-di(acetylamino)pyridine functionalities with that bearing bis uracylic units gives origin to nanofibers, while the assembly of the former with bisuracylic units exhibiting bent geometry leads to the formation of helical nanofibers. The length of these fibers can be controlled by addition of the anthracene derivative having only one uracyl group which effectively blocks the extent of H-bonding, prompting the formation of shorter nanorods.

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37

Gulías, Moisés, Fernando López, and José L. Mascareñas. "Development of transition-metal-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions leading to polycarbocyclic systems." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (February 7, 2011): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-23.

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We present a compilation of methodologies developed in our laboratories to assemble polycyclic structures containing small- and medium-sized cycles, relying on the use of transition-metal-catalyzed (TMC) cycloadditions. First, we discuss the use of alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) as 3C-atom partners, in particular in their Pd-catalyzed (3 + 2) cycloadditions with alkynes, alkenes, and allenes, reactions that lead to cyclopentane-containing polycyclic products in excellent yields. Then, we present the expansion of this chemistry to a (4 + 3) annulation with conjugated dienes, and to inter- and intramolecular (3 + 2 + 2) cycloadditions using external alkenes as additional 2C-π-systems. These reactions allow the preparation of different types of polycyclic structures containing cycloheptene rings, the topology of the products depending on the use of Pd or Ni catalysts. Finally, we include our more recent discoveries on the development of (4 + 3) and (4 + 2) intramolecular cyclo-additions of allenes and dienes, promoted by Pt and Au catalysts, and discuss mechanistic insights supported by experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. An enantioselective version of the (4 + 2) cycloaddition with phosphoramidite Au(I) catalysts is also presented.

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38

Sengee, Myagmarsuren, та Leiv K. Sydnes. "Specific conjugate addition to α,β-acetylenic ketones". Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, № 3 (3 лютого 2011): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-24.

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Abstract (sommario):

A variety of α,β-unsaturated acetylenic ketones, prepared in good yields from 3,3,4,4-tetraethoxybut-1-yne (TEB), have been reacted with selected mono- and bis-nucleophilic reagents. The mononucleophiles react in a Michael fashion and give in most cases the corresponding α,β-unsaturated alkenones in good yield. Many of the alkenes are formed as single stereoisomers, but the configuration depends on the nature of the nucleophile. If hydrogen bonds can be formed, the Z geometry is preferred, otherwise the E geometry is completely predominant. Experiments have also uncovered that α,β-unsaturated acetylenic ketones with a gem-diethoxy moiety in the α' position decompose when reacted with sodium hydroxide in aqueous tetrahydrofuran (THF); the carbonyl group is attacked and a carboxylic acid and a terminal alkyne are formed. If the nucleophiles contain two nucleophilic centers or if the α,β-unsaturated acetylenic ketones contain an additional reactive group, such as a hydroxyl group or an acyloxy moiety, useful secondary reactions may occur. By taking advantage of such secondary transformations, two completely regioselective syntheses of furans have so far been developed.

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39

Cote, Laura J., Jaemyung Kim, Vincent C. Tung, Jiayan Luo, Franklin Kim, and Jiaxing Huang. "Graphene oxide as surfactant sheets." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-25.

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Graphite oxide sheet, now referred to as graphene oxide (GO), is the product of chemical oxidation and exfoliation of graphite powders that was first synthesized over a century ago. Interest in this old material has resurged in recent years, especially after the discovery of graphene, as GO is considered a promising precursor for the bulk production of graphene-based materials. GO sheets are single atomic layers that can readily extend up to tens of microns in lateral dimension. Therefore, their structure bridges the typical length scales of both chemistry and materials science. GO can be viewed as an unconventional type of soft material as it carries the characteristics of polymers, colloids, membranes, and as highlighted in this review, amphiphiles. GO has long been considered hydrophilic due to its excellent water dispersity, however, our recent work revealed that GO sheets are actually amphiphilic with an edge-to-center distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. Thus, GO can adhere to interfaces and lower interfacial energy, acting as surfactant. This new property insight helps to better understand GO’s solution properties which can inspire novel material assembly and processing methods such as for fabricating thin films with controllable microstructures and separating GO sheets of different sizes. In addition, GO can be used as a surfactant sheet to emulsify organic solvents with water and disperse insoluble materials such as graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in water, which opens up opportunities for creating functional hybrid materials of graphene and other π-conjugated systems.

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40

Moorthy, Jarugu Narasimha, Subhas Samanta, Apurba L. Koner, and Werner M. Nau. "Steady-state photochemistry (Pschorr cyclization) and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of twisted 2-bromoaryl ketones." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 4 (March 21, 2011): 841–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-26.

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The steady-state as well as transient absorption spectroscopy of a series of 2-bromo-aryl ketones have been comprehensively examined to gain insights concerning (i) the transient phenomena (absorption spectral attributes as well as lifetimes), (ii) rates of C–Br homolysis, and (iii) the behavior of 2-aroylaryl radicals thus generated. The X-ray crystal structure analyses of selected ketones in which the mesomeric effects operate differently reveal that the two aryl rings are drastically twisted about the C=O bond. The twisting manifests itself in the spectral features of the transients, attributed to triplet–triplet (T–T) absorptions, such that they are not readily comparable in some cases to the transients of parent diaryl ketones that lack the 2-bromo group. By associating triplet decays with C–Br cleavage rates, the absolute rate data have been determined for diverse 2-bromoaryl ketones. With the exception of 2-bromo ketones containing meta-methoxy substituents, all other ketones are found to undergo efficient C–Br bond cleavage with rates of ca. 0.1–1.0 × 108 s–1. For m-methoxy-substituted ketones, intriguingly slower deactivation of the triplets was observed. Based on solvent-dependent variation of the lifetimes (longer lifetimes in polar solvents), intramolecular charge transfer has been proposed. The preparative photochemistry and transient phenomena permit invaluable inferences as to the reactivity of 2-aroylaryl radicals in general. Quantum yield determinations and product analyses reveal that highly electrophilic aryl radicals undergo radical recombination, in a poor hydrogen-donating solvent, almost exclusively (>90 %) in the absence of incentive for stabilization via conversion to π-conjugated hydrofluorenyl radicals. Of course, when the latter is feasible, Pschorr cyclization leads to productive photochemical outcome. Moderately electrophilic radicals that lack stabilization via conversion to hydrofluorenyl radicals lend themselves to intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen shifts in conjunction with the formation of dehalogenated diaryl ketones and cyclized fluorenones (Fls) or its analogs.

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41

Li, Yujing, Chin-Yi Chiu, and Yu Huang. "Biomimetic synthesis of inorganic materials and their applications." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 1 (November 19, 2010): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-28.

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Mimicking the evolution processes of Nature, the combinatorial approach to biomolecular recognition properties attracts much attention due to the potential as a generic scheme to achieving complex material structures and hierarchical assemblies with molecular precision from the bottom up. In this paper, some recent efforts in the biomimetic synthesis of inorganic materials are reviewed, with emphasis placed on in vitro material formation with the use of protein/peptide molecules found in natural organisms as well as those with specific affinities to inorganic materials selected through the molecular evolution process. The applications of material-specific peptides and proteins in sensing and guiding hierarchical material assembly are also briefly discussed at the end.

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42

Bernardo, Paul H., Thirunavukkarasu Sivaraman, Kah-Fei Wan, Jin Xu, Janarthanan Krishnamoorthy, Chun Meng Song, Liming Tian, et al. "Synthesis of a rhodanine-based compound library targeting Bcl-XL and Mcl-1." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (February 5, 2011): 723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-29.

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A small library of pyridine-based rhodanine analogues of BH3I-1 were synthesized and screened against B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) for the ability to displace 5-carboxyfluorescein-labeled Bak peptide (Flu-Bak). Differences in selectivity toward Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 were observed, and the binding modes of selected compounds were studied further. The results may be useful in designing potent small-molecule inhibitors of Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 as well as selective Mcl-1 inhibitors.

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43

Guo, Shuai, Koji Nakano, Hizuru Nakajima, Katsumi Uchiyama, Akihide Hemmi, Yoshikazu Yamasaki, Shigeharu Morooka, Ryoichi Ishimatsu, and Toshihiko Imato. "Chemiluminescence immunoassay for a nonionic surfactant using a compact disc-type microfluidic platform." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 10 (May 22, 2012): 2027–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-10-10.

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A simple and pump-free chemiluminescence immunoassay based on a compact disc (CD)-type microfluidic platform for the determination of alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APnEOs) is described. The method is based on a competitive immunoreaction of the anti-APnEOs antibody immobilized on the magnetic microbeads between APnEOs and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled APnEOs in the sample solution. The luminol solution containing H2O2 and enhancer is caused to flow from one reservoir in the platform to another by appropriate adjustment of the speed of the rotation of the disc. The detection limit was similar to that reported in our previous paper, i.e., 10 ppb according to IC80.

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44

De Visscher, Alex, and Maria S. Conejo. "Solubility phenomena related to CO2 capture and storage." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 2051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-10-10.

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Capturing CO2 emissions from energy production and storing it under the ground is a potential CO2 mitigation strategy that currently receives much attention. Both CO2 capture and CO2 storage are solubility problems. This paper reviews some important solubility aspects of CO2 capture and storage that are often overlooked. Until very recently, there was not a single CO2 solubility relationship that was both applicable in a wide temperature range and thermodynamically consistent with the enthalpy of solution of CO2. Furthermore, very often the relationship used for the first acidity constant of carbonic acid as a function of temperature is inconsistent with the relationship used for the solubility constant (or Henry constant) of CO2. The removal of CO2 from a gas stream with amine solutions is usually viewed as a chemical reaction, which leads to the practice of heating to remove the CO2 from the solvent. However, viewing this process as a solubility phenomenon suggests the practice of using vacuum to remove the CO2 from the solvent, a potentially more efficient approach.

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45

Lemaire, Martin T. "Progress and design challenges for high-spin molecules." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 1 (November 12, 2010): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-20.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this short critical review, selected examples of current (within the past two years) synthetic efforts toward the construction of high-spin molecules are explored, including the use of metal complexes containing stable free radical ligands, lanthanide or actinide complexes, and other coordination clusters, or a completely different approach, taking advantage of non-Heisenberg exchange in fully delocalized mixed-valence complexes (spin-dependent delocalization, SDD, or double exchange). A description of reported work in this regard is followed by a brief general discussion that highlights what the future may hold for high-spin molecule design.

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46

Banwell, Martin G., Anna L. Lehmann, Rajeev S. Menon, and Anthony C. Willis. "New methods for the synthesis of certain alkaloids and terpenoids." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 3 (February 1, 2011): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-21.

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47

Jiménez-Caraballo, A., G. Rodríguez-Donoso, and J. L. Dueñas Díez. "Tratamiento con metotrexato del embarazo ectópico no complicado. Experiencia de 10 años." Progresos de Obstetricia y Ginecología 45, no. 5 (January 2002): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-5013(02)75762-2.

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48

Corrochano, Luis M., Frank-Roman Lauter, Daniel J. Ebbole, and Charles Yanofsky. "Light and Developmental Regulation of the Gene con-10 of Neurospora crassa." Developmental Biology 167, no. 1 (January 1995): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1995.1016.

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49

Santaolalla, R., J. Mañé, E. Pedrosa, V. Lorén, J. Mallolas, A. Carrasco, A. Salas та ін. "ANTAGONISMO IL-10-TNFα EN LA LAMINA PROPIA (LP) DEL INTESTINO DE PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDAD INFLAMATORIA INTESTINAL (EII). RELACIÓN CON LA RESPUESTA AL TRATAMIENTO CON ESTEROIDES". Gastroenterología y Hepatología 32, № 3 (березень 2009): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastrohep.2009.01.065.

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50

Ojea Calvo, A., S. López García, J. Rey Rey, A. Alonso Rodrigo, B. Rodríguez Iglesias, and J. M. Barros Rodríguez. "¿Puede beneficiarse un hombre de avanzada edad con cáncer de próstata Gleason 8-10 de un tratamiento con intención curativa?" Actas Urológicas Españolas 32, no. 6 (January 2008): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0210-4806(08)73892-0.

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