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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Compound action potential"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 4 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Compound action potential"

Molin, Carl Johan, e Anna R. Punga. "Compound Motor Action Potential". Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 33, n. 4 (agosto 2016): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnp.0000000000000252.

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Carvalho, Mamede de. "Compound Muscle Action Potential: Pro". Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders 3, sup1 (settembre 2002): S103—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/146608202320374453.

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Sonoo, Masahiro. "Far‐field potentials in the compound muscle action potential". Muscle & Nerve 61, n. 3 (20 novembre 2019): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.26743.

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Dengler, Reinhard. "Quantitative Compound Muscle Action Potential: Con". Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders 3, sup1 (settembre 2002): S105—S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/146608202320374462.

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Petajan, Jack H. "Quantitative Compound Muscle Action Potential: Summary". Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Disorders 3, sup1 (settembre 2002): S109—S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/146608202320374471.

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Glassman, E. Katelyn, e Michelle L. Hughes. "Determining Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Thresholds". Ear and Hearing 34, n. 1 (2013): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0b013e3182650abd.

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Briaire, Jeroen J., e Johan H. M. Frijns. "Unraveling the electrically evoked compound action potential". Hearing Research 205, n. 1-2 (luglio 2005): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2005.03.020.

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Chatterjee, Monita, e Robert L. Smith. "Physiological overshoot and the compound action potential". Hearing Research 69, n. 1-2 (settembre 1993): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(93)90092-f.

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Malessy, Martijn J. A., Willem Pondaag e J. Gert van Dijk. "ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, NERVE ACTION POTENTIAL, AND COMPOUND MOTOR ACTION POTENTIALS IN OBSTETRIC BRACHIAL PLEXUS LESIONS". Neurosurgery 65, suppl_4 (1 ottobre 2009): A153—A159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000338429.66249.7d.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE Obstetric brachial plexus lesions (OBPLs) are caused by traction to the brachial plexus during labor. Typically, in these lesions, the nerves are usually not completely ruptured but form a “neuroma-in-continuity.” Even in the most severe OBPL lesions, at least some axons will pass through this neuroma-in-continuity and reach the tubes distal to the lesion site. These axons may be particularly prone to abnormal branching and misrouting, which may explain the typical feature of co-contraction. An additional factor that may reduce functional regeneration is that improper central motor programming may occur. Surgery should be restricted to severe cases in which spontaneous restoration of function will not occur, i.e., in neurotmesis or root avulsions. A major problem is how to predict whether function will be best after spontaneous nerve outgrowth or after nerve reconstructive surgery. When a decision has been made to perform an early surgical exploration, what to do with the neuroma-in-continuity can be a problem. The intraoperative appraisal is difficult and depends on experience, but even in experienced hands, misjudgment can be made. METHODS We performed an observational study to assess whether early electromyography (at the age of 1 month) is able to predict severe lesions. Additionally, the value of intraoperative nerve action potential and compound motor action potentials was investigated. RESULTS Severe cases of OBPL can be identified at 1 month of age on the basis of clinical findings and needle electromyography of the biceps. This outcome needs independent validation, which is currently in progress. Nerve action potential and compound motor action potential recordings show statistically significant differences on the group level between avulsion, neurotmesis, axonotmesis, and normal. For the individual patient, a clinically useful cutoff point could not be found. Intraoperative nerve action potential and compound motor action potential recordings do not add to the decision making during surgery. CONCLUSION The absence of a “gold standard” for the assessment of the severity of the OBPL lesion makes prognostic studies of OBPL complex. The currently available assessment strategies used to obtain the best possible solutions are discussed.

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Pollak, V. A., e Q. X. Wan. "The Z-transform of the compound action potential". IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 16, n. 3 (maggio 1997): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/51.585522.

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Tesi sul tema "Compound action potential"

Murnane, Owen D., Beth A. Prieve e Evan M. Relkin. "Recovery of the Human Compound Action Potential Following Prior Stimulation". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1998. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1793.

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The recovery from prior stimulation of the compound action potential (CAP) was measured using a forward masking stimulus paradigm in four normal-hearing, human subjects. The CAP was recorded using a wick electrode placed on the tympanic membrane. The effects of a 4000-Hz, 97-dB SPL conditioning stimulus on CAP amplitude in response to a 4000-Hz probe were measured as a function of conditioner–probe interval for three probe levels. The normalized probe response amplitude was completely recovered to the control values at an average conditioner–probe interval of 1359 ms, similar to that observed in chinchilla (Relkin, E.M., Doucet, J.R., Sterns, A., 1995. Recovery of the compound action potential following prior stimulation: evidence for a slow component that reflects recovery of low spontaneous-rate auditory neurons, Hear. Res. 83, 183–189). The present results are interpreted as a consequence of the slow recovery of low spontaneous-rate (SR), high threshold neurons from prior stimulation (Relkin, E.M., Doucet, J.R., 1991. Recovery from prior stimulation. I: Relationship to spontaneous firing rates of primary auditory neurons. Hear. Res. 55, 215–222) and may provide indirect physiological evidence for the existence of a class of low-SR auditory neurons in humans.

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Jiang, Dan. "Cochlear compound action potential and pathology following kanamycin ototoxity in the guinea pig". Thesis, Keele University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359039.

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Novak, Kevin Richard. "EFFECTS OF SEPSIS ON NERVE EVOKED RESPONSES". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1216123137.

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Schweinzger, Ivy A. "Examining the Physiologic Phenotype of Cochlear Synaptopathy Using Narrowband Chirp-Evoked Compound Action Potentials". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1573811742950316.

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Linke, Theresa [Verfasser], Uwe [Gutachter] Baumann e Andreas [Gutachter] Bahmer. "On the relation of electrophysiological compound action potential (ECAP) measurements and perceptive skills in cochlear implant (CI) listeners / Theresa Linke ; Gutachter: Uwe Baumann, Andreas Bahmer". Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139358650/34.

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Chiou, Li-Kuei. "The effect that design of the Nucleus Intracochlear Electrode Array and age of onset of hearing loss have on electrically evoked compound action potential growth and spread of excitation functions". Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3060.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how design changes in Cochlear Nucleus cochlear implants (CIs) (CI24M, CI24R, CI24RE and CI422) affected electrode impedance and ECAP measures, and to determine if these design changes affected post-lingually deafened adults and children with congenital hearing loss in a similar way. Results of this study showed that electrode impedance was inversely related to the area of the electrode contacts in the array: lowest for the full-banded CI24M CI and highest for adults who used the CI422 device which has the smallest electrode contacts of all four devices. The noise floor of the NRT system likely plays a significant role in the finding that CI users with older devices (the CI24M, and CI24R CIs) had higher ECAP thresholds than individuals with the CI24RE electrode array. The position of the electrode array in the cochlea was also found to have a significant effect on ECAP measures. CI users with modiolar hugging (the CI24R and CI24RE CIs) electrode arrays were found to have lower ECAP thresholds than CI users whose electrode arrays were seated more laterally in the cochlear duct (e.g. the CI24M and CI422 implants). The position of the electrode contacts relative to the modiolus of the cochlea was found to be related to slope of the ECAP growth functions. The lowest slopes were found in CI24RE users. It also had a significant impact on the width of the channel interaction function. Electrode arrays seated further from the modiolus have significantly more channel interaction than electrode arrays that hug the modiolus of the cochlea. Differences between results recorded from post-lingually deafened adults and children with congenital hearing loss were minimal. The difference only reflected on the ECAP slopes. Slopes in children with congenital hearing loss were significantly steeper than those recorded from adults. This may indicate that children with congenital hearing loss may have better neural survival than adults with acquired hearing loss. In conclusion, the results of the current study show evidence of the effects of variations in design and function of the implanted components of the Nucleus CI. Perhaps the most significant finding from the current data set is that electrode arrays located closer to the modiolus of the cochlea have lower thresholds and exhibit less channel interaction than electrode arrays that are positioned more laterally. An argument could be made that lower stimulation levels and less channel interaction may result in better outcomes and/or longer battery life. For CI candidates who do not have significant residual acoustic hearing, the CI24RE implant might be a better choice than the more recently introduced CI422 electrode array.

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Scheperle, Rachel Anna. "Relationships among peripheral and central electrophysiological measures of spatial / spectral resolution and speech perception in cochlear implant users". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5055.

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The ability to perceive speech is related to the listener's ability to differentiate among frequencies (i.e. spectral resolution). Cochlear implant users exhibit variable speech perception and spectral resolution abilities, which can be attributed at least in part to electrode interactions at the periphery (i.e. spatial resolution). However, electrophysiological measures of peripheral spatial resolution have not been found to correlate with speech perception. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate auditory processing from the periphery to the cortex using both simple and spectrally complex stimuli in order to better understanding the underlying processes affecting spatial and spectral resolution and speech perception. Eleven adult cochlear implant users participated in this study. Peripheral spatial resolution was assessed using the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) to measure channel interaction functions for thirteen probe electrodes. We evaluated central processing using the auditory change complex (ACC), a cortical response, elicited with both spatial (electrode pairs) and spectral (rippled noise) stimulus changes. Speech perception included a vowel-discrimination task and the BKB-SIN test of keyword recognition in noise. We varied the likelihood of electrode interactions within each participant by creating three experimental programs, or MAPs, using a subset of seven electrodes and varying the spacing between activated electrodes. Linear mixed model analysis was used to account for repeated measures within an individual, allowing for a within-subject interpretation. We also performed regression analysis to evaluate the relationships across participants. Both peripheral and central processing abilities contributed to the variability in performance observed across CI users. The spectral ACC was the strongest predictor of speech perception abilities across participants. When spatial resolution was varied within a person, all electrophysiological measures were significantly correlated with each other and with speech perception. However, the ECAP measures were the best single predictor of speech perception for the within-subject analysis, followed by the spectral ACC. Our results indicate that electrophysiological measures of spatial and spectral resolution can provide valuable information about perception. All three of the electrophysiological measures used in this study, including the ECAP channel interaction functions, demonstrated potential for clinical utility.

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Brown, Daniel. "Origins and use of the stochastic and sound-evoked extracellular activity of the auditory nerve". University of Western Australia. Dept. of Physiology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0082.

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[Truncated abstract] The present study investigated whether any of the characteristics of the compound action potential (CAP) waveform or the spectrum of the neural noise (SNN) recorded from the cochlea, could be used to examine abnormal spike generation in the type I primary afferent neurones, possibly due to pathologies leading to abnormal hearing such as tinnitus or tone decay. It was initially hypothesised that the CAP waveform and SNN contained components produced by the local action currents generated at the peripheral ends of the type I primary afferent neurones, and that changes in these local action currents occurred due to changes in the membrane potential of these neurones. It was further hypothesised that the lateral olivo-cochlear system (LOCS) efferent neurones regulate the membrane potential of the primary afferent dendrites to maintain normal action potential generation, where instability in the membrane potential might lead to abnormal primary afferent firing, and possibly one form of tinnitus. We had hoped that the activity of the LOCS efferent neurones could be observed through secondary changes in the CAP waveform and SNN, resulting from changes in the membrane potential of the primary afferent neurones. The origins of the neural activity generating the CAP waveform and SNN peaks, and the effects of the LOCS on the CAP and SNN were experimentally investigated in guinea pigs using lesions in the auditory system, transient ischemia and asphyxia, focal and systemic temperature changes, and pharmacological manipulations of different regions along the auditory pathway. ... Therefore, the CAP and SNN are altered by changes in the propagation of the action potential along the primary afferent neurones, by changes in the morphology of the tissues surrounding the cochlear nerve, and by changes in the time course of the action currents. If the CAP waveform is not altered, the amplitude of the 1kHz speak in the spontaneous SNN can be used as an objective measure of the spontaneous firing rate of the cochlear neurones. However, because the SNN contains a complex mixture of neural activity from all cochlear neurones, and the amplitude of the spontaneous SNN is variable, it would be difficult to use the spontaneous SNN alone as a differential diagnostic test of cochlear nerve pathologies. To record extratympanic electrocochleography (ET ECochG) from humans, a custom-designed, inexpensive, low-noise, optically isolated biological amplifier was built. Furthermore, a custom-designed extratympanic active electrode and ear canal indifferent electrode were designed, which increased the signal-to-noise ratio of the ECochG recording by a factor of 2, decreasing the overall recording time by 75%. The human and guinea pig CAP waveforms recorded in the present study appeared similar, suggesting that the origins of the human and guinea pig CAP waveforms were the same, and that experimental manipulations of the guinea pig CAP waveform can be used to diagnose the cause of abnormal human ECochG waveforms in cases of cochlear nerve pathologies.

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La, Rocca Viviana. "Atividade antinociceptiva do geraniol: estudos comportamentaise eletrofisiológicos". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9944.

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The high incidence of pain in the general population has encouraged research about this theme. Products derived from plant species have been widely used in the pharmacological treatment of pain relief. Recent studies have reported the important role of monoterpenes, active compounds found in the essential oils of aromatic plants, having relevant analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. The geraniol (GER) is a monoterpenic alcohol, found in >160 essential oil of plant species, especially Cymbopogon gender. In the literature consulted, several biochemical and pharmacological properties are shown of GER: antitumor, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, gastric and intestinal protector, neuroprotective and antiarrhythmic. In this study was evaluated the antinociceptive activity of GER, not yet reported, by animal behavioral and electrophysiological in vitro models. Male and female adult Swiss mice were used. Initially the acute toxicity of GER was investigated by calculating the lethal dose 50 (LD50) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) (= 199.9 mg/kg) and oral (p.o.) (> 1 g/kg). In psychopharmacological screening, after the administration of single doses of GER (i.p. and p.o.), behavioral changes were observed indicating a depressant profile on the central nervous system (CNS) and/or peripheral nervous system (SNP), and relevant antinociceptive effect of geraniol. Therefore, more specific antinociceptive property evaluation tests were performed. The GER (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg i.p. and 50 or 200 mg/kg p.o.) decreased (p<0.001) the number of abdominal contractions induced by i.p. injection of acetic acid, when compared with the control. The opioid antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg) administered subcutaneously (s.c.) in mice, subsequently treated with GER (25 mg/kg i.p.), did not reverse its antinociceptive activity. The GER (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) reduced (p<0.001) paw licking time in the second phase (15-30 min, inflammatory phase) of the formalin test. Also, in the glutamate test was reduced (p<0.01) paw licking time when GER 50 mg/kg i.p. administered. In a subsequent step, it was investigated the effect of GER on the excitability of peripheral nerve fibers through extracellular recording in the sciatic nerve in mice. The GER presented depressant effect of the compound action potential (CAP), which was reversed after washing and recovery period. The GER blocked components of the CAP concentration-dependent manner and exposure time to the drug: 1 mM after 120 min for the first component (Aγ and Aβ fibers) and 0.6 mM after 90 min for the second (Aγ and Aδ fibers). The concentration, which induces 50% inhibition of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the PAC (IC50) for the GER was calculated, being equal to 0.48±0.04 mM. The conduction velocity was also reduced by exposure to GER from the 0.3 mM concentration, for the 1st component [46.18±2.60 m/s to 36.04±1.60 m/s; p<0.05 (n=7)] and the 2nd component [18.37±1.31 m/s to 12.71±0.56 m/s; p<0.001 (n=7)]. In conclusion, the results obtained show that GER has antinociceptive activity, mainly in pain related to inflammation. Participation of the opioid pathway in its mechanism of action is unlikely, but the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in a dose-dependent manner is a possible mechanism. Its antinociceptive activity is also related to the reduction in peripheral neuronal excitability, firstly in thinner fibers Aδ, which are directly connected to the conduction pain.
A elevada incidência da dor na população em geral tem incentivado as pesquisas entorno desse tema. Produtos oriundos de espécies vegetais têm sido amplamente utilizados no tratamento farmacológico de alívio da dor. Estudos recentes têm relatado o importante papel dos monoterpenos, princípios ativos encontrados nos óleos essenciais de plantas aromáticas, tendo relevante potencial analgésico e anti-inflamatório. O geraniol (GER) é um álcool monoterpênico, encontrado no óleo essencial de >160 espécies vegetais, especialmente do gênero Cymbopogon. Na literatura consultada, pesquisas apontam várias propriedades bioquímicas e farmacológicas para o GER: antitumoral, antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante, de proteção gástrica e intestinal, neuroprotetora e antiarrítmica. Neste estudo foi avaliada a atividade antinociceptiva do GER, ainda não relatada, mediante modelos animais comportamentais e eletrofisiológicos in vitro. Foram utilizados camundongos machos e fêmeas Swiss adultos. Inicialmente, foi investigada a toxicidade aguda do GER mediante cálculo da dose letal 50 (DL50) pela via intraperitoneal (i.p.) (=199,9 mg/kg) e oral (v.o.) (>1 g/kg). Na triagem psicofarmacológica, após a subministração de doses únicas de GER (i.p. e v.o.) foram observadas alterações comportamentais que indicaram perfil depressor do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e/ou periférico (SNP), e relevante efeito antinociceptivo do geraniol. Portanto, foram realizados testes comportamentais de avaliação de propriedade antinociceptiva mais específicos. O GER (12,5; 25 e 50 mg/kg i.p. e 50 ou 200 mg/kg v.o.) reduziu (p<0,001) o número de contorções abdominais induzidas por injeção i.p. de ácido acético, quando comparado com o controle. O antagonista opióide naloxona (5 mg/kg) administrado pela via subcutânea (s.c.) em camundongos, subsequentemente tratados com GER (25 mg/kg i.p.), não reverteu sua atividade antinociceptiva. O GER (12,5; 25 e 50 mg/kg i.p.) reduziu (p<0,001) o tempo de lambida da pata na segunda fase (15-30 min, fase inflamatória) do teste da formalina. Também, no teste do glutamato houve redução (p<0,01) do tempo de lambida da pata quando administrado GER 50 mg/kg i.p. Em uma etapa subsequente, investigou-se o efeito do GER sobre a excitabilidade de fibras nervosas periféricas, mediante registro extracelular em nervo ciático de camundongo. O GER apresentou efeito depressor do potencial de ação composto (PAC), o qual foi parcialmente revertido após lavagem durante o período de recuperação. O GER bloqueou as componentes do PAC, de maneira dependente da concentração e do tempo de exposição à droga: 1 mM aos 120 min para a primeira componente (fibras Aγ e Aβ) e 0,6 mM aos 90 min para a segunda (fibras Aγ e Aδ). Foi calculada para o GER, a concentração que induz 50% de inibição da amplitude pico-a-pico do PAC (CI50), sendo igual a 0,48±0,04 mM. A velocidade de condução também, foi reduzida pela exposição ao GER, a partir da concentração de 0,3 mM para a 1ª componente [46,18±2,60 m/s para 36,04±1,60 m/s; p<0,05 (n=7)] e para a 2ª componente [18,37±1,31 m/s para 12,71±0,56 m/s; p<0,001 (n=7)]. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos mostram que o GER tem atividade antinociceptiva, principalmente na dor relacionada à inflamação. A participação da via opióide no seu mecanismo de ação é pouco provável, mas a modulação da neurotransmissão glutamatérgica de maneira dependente da dose é um mecanismo possível. Sua atividade antinociceptiva tambèm, está relacionada à redução da excitabilidade neuronal periférica, primeiramente de fibras mais finas como Aδ, ligadas diretamente à condução da dor.

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Dhuldhoya, Aayesha Narayan. "Characterization of Temporal Interactions in the Auditory Nerve of Adult and Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4838.

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Current cochlear implant systems use fast pulsatile stimulation to deliver the temporal modulations of speech and to, potentially, improve the neural representation of such modulations by restoring the independence of neural firing. The realization of these benefits may vary with other pulse rate-dependent temporal interactions that occur at the neural membrane, e.g., per(i)stimulatory adaptation and its post-stimulatory or forward masking effects. This study attempted to characterize adaptation and recovery of the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) using probe pulses delivered within and following brief (100 ms) high-rate masker (1800 pps) pulse trains at various current levels in adults and children. With this stimulus paradigm, the ECAP amplitude typically achieved a steady state during the course of pulse train stimulation. The ECAP amplitude at steady state was, on average, a similar proportion (50-70%) of the amplitude at onset for various stimulus levels and in both age groups. However, long-term adaptation effects, evidenced by the decrease in onset ECAP amplitude, were greater in adults particularly at lower levels in the ECAP dynamic range. Instances of alternation in ECAP amplitude were seen at stimulus levels that were higher in the ECAP dynamic range. The forward masking effects of pulse train stimulation were quantified by the ECAP amplitude in response to a subsequent probe pulse normalized by the response to the same pulse presented alone. Pulse train forward masking increased with the level of the masker pulse train and decreased with the level of the probe stimulus. The recovery of the ECAP for probes that were lower in level than the masker pulse train was incomplete at 600 ms after masker offset, consistent with long-term cumulative effects observed in the response to the probe alone. Masker pulse trains that are lower in level than the probe pulse produced proportionally small decrements in the ECAP amplitude with complete recovery within 250 ms of pulse train offset particularly in adults. ECAP recovery of a probe preceded by a masker pulse train of equal level followed a monotonic or non-monotonic pattern consistent with a hypothesis of both adaptation and facilitation occurring with pulse train stimulation. The various patterns of recovery may attest to the occurrence of more than a single process in the same subset of nerve fibers or in different fibers. We hypothesize that the variations in the recovery patterns may be attributable to individual differences in the status of the auditory nerve and possibly, the variations in temporal interactions across the spatial domain at different stimulus levels. Finally, the probe-evoked ECAP amplitude at steady state in children and briefly, e.g., 20 ms, after pulse train offset in both age groups could be predicted by the ECAP amplitude in response to the same probe pulse when preceded at a brief interval (1.2 or 2 ms) by a single masker pulse of the same level as the masker pulse train. Further investigation may reveal if the observed differences in neural responsiveness to pulsatile stimulation, among individuals account for differences in psychophysical measures, including speech perception and whether there may be an "optimal" neural output that could be evoked by an individually "optimized" signal.

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Libri sul tema "Compound action potential"

Stanton, Susan Gay. Cochlear nerve compound action potential changes during surgery. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Redford, Allan Gordon. The response of the averaged compound auditory action potential to high frequency sound in Locusta migratoria. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Okolelova, Tamara, e Syergyey YEngashyev. Scientific basis of feeding and keeping poultry. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02037-1.

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The book covers the basic principles of nutrient rationing for poultry. The data on the needs of all types of poultry, taking into account age, in nutrients, minerals and biologically active substances are given. The characteristic of the main feed means and rational norms of their inclusion in the compound feed for poultry are given. Modern data on the role of vitamins, macro- and microelements, enzyme preparations, probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, organic acids, antioxidants, fat emulsifiers and other sources of biologically active substances in poultry nutrition are presented. Attention is paid to the main technological parameters of poultry keeping. The nutritional factors that reduce immunity, as well as the causes of the main diseases associated with the quality of feed, with violations in the rationing of nutrient, mineral and biologically active substances, the technology of feeding and keeping poultry, are described, methods of their prevention are given. Criteria for the adequacy of nutrition and maintenance of a bird to its genetic potential are stated. The book is intended for specialists and managers of poultry farms, enterprises of the feed industry, researchers, graduate students and students.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Transportation Safety, Infrastructure Security, and Water Quality. Pharmaceuticals in the nation's drinking water: Assessing potential risks and actions to address the issue : hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation Safety, Infrustructure Security, and Water Quality of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, April 15, 2008. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.

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Kennett, Robin P., e Sidra Aurangzeb. Primary muscle diseases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0024.

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This chapter on primary muscle diseases explains how analysis of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, abnormal spontaneous activity on needle electromyography (EMG), and motor unit action potentials (MUAP) characteristics may be used to give an indication of pathophysiological processes, and goes on to describe the combination and distribution of abnormalities that may be expected in the more commonly encountered myopathies. The conditions considered in detail are inflammatory myopathy (including myositis), critical illness myopathy, disorders with myotonia, inherited myopathy (including muscular dystrophy), and endocrine, metabolic and toxic disorders. Each of these has a characteristic combination of CMAP, spontaneous EMG, and MUAP findings, but the systematic approach to clinical neurophysiology as a way of understanding muscle pathophysiology can be used to investigate the myriad of rare myopathies that may be encountered in clinical practice.

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Patisaul, Heather B., e Scott M. Belcher. Landmark Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds of the Past and Present. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199935734.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on four of the best known and most well characterized EDCs: the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and bisphenol A (BPA) as prototypical EDCs. For each compound, historical information regarding use, sources of contamination, descriptions of toxic effects, nature of endocrine disruptive mechanisms, and detailed summaries of critical research findings are highlighted. Each of these chemicals are seminal illustrative examples of EDCs that came to be recognized, defined, and considered seriously by the general public and the regulatory community. Continuing work with these well-studied chemicals continues to reveal new mechanisms of EDC action and identifying new potential health outcomes and effects, and have become important “positive control chemicals” for toxicity and chemical testing strategies and identification of emerging EDCs.

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Pitt, Matthew. Nerve physiology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0003.

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The chapter begins with a description of the normal findings in healthy sensory and motor nerves. The distribution of nerve fibres by diameter in the sensory nerve and its effect on the recorded action potential is outlined. The method by which velocity and compound muscle action potential are derived from motor stimulation follows. H-reflex studies and F-wave identification are described. A section on the strategies used for nerve conduction study in children and the nerves chosen for examination leads on to a description of the difficulties of deriving normative data in children. Next follows a detailed description of the findings in both sensory and motor nerves in demyelination where a distinction between patchy and homogenous demyelination is possible. An analysis of the nerve findings in axonal degeneration is then presented. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the variability in nerve testing.

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Katirji, Bashar. Case 18. A cura di Bashar Katirji. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190603434.003.0022.

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Immune-mediated polyneuropathies are important to recognize since the majority of them are treatable. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is the prototype of the acquired chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies. It should be distinguished from other acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy such as those associated with monoclonal gammopathy, myeloproliferative disorder, and myelin-associated glycoprotein. This case presents a patient with a chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. The discussion includes the clinical and electrodiagnostic criteria for CIDP and distinguishing features from axonal polyneuropathies, other acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies, and inherited demyelinating polyneuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type I. The case also highlights the diagnostic criteria for conduction block and temporal dispersion based on analysis of compound muscle action potential amplitude, area, and duration.

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Pitt, Matthew. Pathophysiological associations in paediatric neuromuscular junction disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0010.

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Myasthenia can be caused by acquired or autoimmune conditions and other conditions resulting from genetic abnormalities of the proteins in the neuromuscular junction. The clinical clues to diagnosis in the paediatric population are highlighted in this chapter. Among these are sudden death, episodic apnoea, stridor, association with myopathy, and limb-girdle weakness presentation. Acquired disorders of the neuromuscular junction occur, such as infantile botulism, tick paralysis, and persistence of neuromuscular blocking agents. Some patterns of abnormality are seen in the neurophysiological findings, the most notable of which is a repetitive compound muscle action potential at low rates of stimulation. Decrement only seen after long-duration, high-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation is described in choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) abnormalities. DOK7 myasthenia may demonstrate patchy abnormalities of jitter and this is described along with the profound increment of the high-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation in Lambert–Eaton syndrome.

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Pitt, Matthew. Needle EMG findings in different pathologies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0007.

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In this chapter, the inability of electromyography (EMG) to be able to further progress the diagnosis of myopathy on its own—requiring muscle biopsy and other modalities such as genetics to complete this process—is emphasized. The role of EMG particularly in the era of genetics is discussed. Findings in neurogenic abnormality are next described and the important hereditary conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), distal SMA, Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome, segmental anterior horn cell disease, conditions with progressive bulbar palsy, SMARD1, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia with spinal muscle are discussed in detail. The differential diagnosis of 5q SMA type 1 is specifically outlined. Acquired forms of anterior horn disease, including Hirayama disease, poliomyelitis and enteropathic motor neuropathy, Hopkins syndrome, tumours, and vascular lesions are covered. There is discussion of the use of physiological tests to monitor progress in SMA, with tests including compound muscle action potential amplitude and motor unit number estimation. Finally, the important correlation between muscle biopsy and EMG is highlighted.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Compound action potential"

Ahmadian, Amir, Angela E. Downes e A. Samy Youssef. "Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP)". In Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 509. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23499-6_200117.

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Doguet, Pascal, Thomas Costecalde, Hervé Méve, Jorge Marin Millan e Jean Delbeke. "Integration of Recording channel for the Evoked Compound Action Potential in an Implantable Neurostimulator". In IFMBE Proceedings, 2417–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89208-3_580.

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Ngo, Shyuan T., e Mark C. Bellingham. "Neurophysiological Recording of the Compound Muscle Action Potential for Motor Unit Number Estimation in Mice". In Stimulation and Inhibition of Neurons, 225–35. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-233-9_13.

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Kramberger, Matej, e Aleš Holobar. "Multi-run Differential Evolution Improves the Decomposition of Compound Muscle Action Potential in High-Density Surface Electromyograms". In 8th European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference, 848–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64610-3_95.

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Leondes, Cornelius T. "The Compound Action Potential of the Stronger Myelinated Fibers in Peripheral Nerve Trunks and its Diagnostic Interpretation". In Computational Methods in Biophysics, Biomaterials, Biotechnology and Medical Systems, 1015–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48329-7_31.

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Hughes, M. L., P. J. Abbas, C. J. Brown e B. J. Gantz. "Using Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Thresholds to Facilitate Creating MAPs for Children with the Nucleus CI24M". In Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 260–65. Basel: KARGER, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000059125.

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Rutten, W. L. C., e V. F. Prijs. "Compound Action Potential (AP) Tuning in Man and Guinea Pig: Effect of Probe Tone Level and Hearing Loss". In Auditory Frequency Selectivity, 161–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2247-4_19.

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Gleich, Otto, Marjorie Leek e Robert Dooling. "Influence of Neural Synchrony on the Compound Action Potential, Masking, and the Discrimination of Harmonic Complexes in Several Avian and Mammalian Species". In Hearing – From Sensory Processing to Perception, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73009-5_1.

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Toda, Y., T. Tamaki, B. Taylor e R. Ogawa. "The effect of anaesthetic agents on descending spinal cord evoked potential and the compound muscle action potentials elicited by stimulation at the motor cortex and the spinal cord". In Handbook of Spinal Cord Monitoring, 433–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1416-5_62.

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Mahesh, Sreekantan Krishna, Jaseela Fathima e Vijayan Girija Veena. "Cosmetic Potential of Natural Products: Industrial Applications". In Natural Bio-active Compounds, 215–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7205-6_10.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Compound action potential"

Martinez, Doncarli e Guiheneuc. "Compound Nerve Action Potential Modelization And Synthesis". In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.589504.

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Martinez, Claude, Christian Doncarli e Pierre Guiheneuc. "Compound Nerve Action Potential modelization and synthesis". In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5761873.

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Troiani, Francesca, Konstantin Nikolic e Timothy G. Constandinou. "Optical coherence tomography for compound action potential detection: a computational study". In Optical Coherence Imaging Techniques and Imaging in Scattering Media II, a cura di Stephen A. Boppart, Maciej Wojtkowski e Wang-Yuhl Oh. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2284697.

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Lee, Chungkeun, Yongho Kim, Hangsik Shin, Yongjun Kim e Myoungho Lee. "The Measurement of Compound Neural Action Potential in Sciatic nerve Using Microelectrode Array". In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260636.

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Lee, Chungkeun, Yongho Kim, Hangsik Shin, Yongjun Kim e v. Lee. "The measurement of compound neural action potential in sciatic nerve using microelectrode array". In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260936.

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Siam, Zakaria Shams, Rubyat Tasnuva Hasan, Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal, M. A. Masud e Zaid Bin Mahbub. "Analysis of Continuous Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity Distribution from Compound Muscle Action Potential". In 2020 11th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icece51571.2020.9393039.

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Zhu, Ziyan, Qing Tang, Fan-Gang Zeng, Tian Guan e Datian Ye. "Characterization of Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Amplitude Growth Function in Cochlear Implant Users". In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5515523.

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Gärtner, L., T. Lenarz e A. Büchner. "Cochlear implant fitting based on automated measurements of the electrically evoked compound action potential". In Abstract- und Posterband – 90. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Digitalisierung in der HNO-Heilkunde. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1686375.

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Troiani, Francesca, Konstantin Nikolic e Timothy G. Constandinou. "Optical coherence tomography for detection of compound action potential in Xenopus Laevis sciatic nerve". In SPIE BiOS, a cura di Steen J. Madsen, Victor X. D. Yang, E. Duco Jansen, Qingming Luo, Samarendra K. Mohanty e Nitish V. Thakor. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2209335.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Compound action potential"

Kaffenberger, Michelle. Modeling the Long-Run Learning Impact of the COVID-19 Learning Shock: Actions to (More Than) Mitigate Loss. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), giugno 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsgrise-ri_2020/017.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has forced 1.7 billion children out of school temporarily. While many education systems are attempting varying degrees of remote learning, it is widely accepted that the closures will produce substantial losses in learning (World Bank, 2020; Kuhfeld et al., 2020). However, the real concern is not just that a few months of learning will be lost in the short run, but that these losses will accumulate into large and permanent learning losses as many children fall behind during school closures and never catch up. This note uses a calibrated model with a “pedagogical production function” (Kaffenberger and Pritchett, 2020) to estimate the potential long-term losses to children’s learning from the temporary shock of school closures. The model shows that without mitigation, children could lose more than a year’s worth of learning even from a three-month school closure as the short-term losses continue to compound after children return to school. Turning to mitigation strategies, the note examines the long-term effects of two strategies, finding that with some mitigation efforts education systems could come back from the crisis stronger than before.

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