Tesi sul tema "Composition membranaire"
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Peltier, Sébastien. "Régulation de la glycolyse et importance de la composition lipidique membranaire pour l'homéostasie cellulaire cardiaque". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10237.
Testo completoLn the present work, we studied the importance of the glycolytic A TP for cardiac membrane functions, and specifically the role of the pyruvate kinase (PK). Furthermore, we tested the role of w-3 polyinsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs w-3) in membranes phospholipids for cellular homeostasis. Firstly, in isolated perfused normoxic rat hearts the inhibition of heart rate by exogenous adenosine was associated with a pyruvate kinase-mediated inhibition of glycolysis. Together, stimulation of sarcolemmal ionic fluxes with Na+ ionophore monensin increased cardiac work with a large stimulation of glycolysis secondary to the stimulation of the pyruvate kinase. These results suggest that the PK is linked to the Na+-K+ATPase in heart. Secondly, our results demonstrated that PUFAs w-3 deficiency altered cardiac work in physiological conditions and affected the recovery of cardiac mechanical activity after ischemia. Morover injection of lipid emulsion which contains PUFAs w-3 enhanced cardiac function after ischemia in these rats. Our study shows that it is important to consider the energy compartmentation and the composition in PUFAs w-3 in membranes phospholipids in cardiac muscle cell
Le, Lan Charlotte. "Propriétés structurales de la cavéoline-1 et interactions à l'interface membranaire". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077055.
Testo completoCaveolin-1 (21kDa) is the main component of specific microdomain of the plasma membrane, enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, called caveolae. These structures play a role in many cellular processes. A protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions networks occur within these structures. The main goal of this work bas been to contribute to elucidate the molecular basis of the interactions networks between caveolin-1, lipids and proteins, in order to understand the structure and multifunctional role of caveolae. In the absence of any available structural information at the atomic level on any components of caveolae to describe these networks, our first work has been to focus on the structure of the main caveolae component, i. E caveolin-1 and more particularly the membrane attachment domain N-MAD or CSD (including CRAC motif) and the intra -membrane domain. One of our goals was to obtain a large quantity of these domains to perform an NMR study. To this aim chemical synthesis and biochemical synthesis were used. Our work has provided the fîrst structural data and interaction with lipids of caveolin-1 fragment, CSD and CRAC in various membrane mimics. NMR structural study of the synthetic fragment including CSD and the hydrophobic domain highlights two a helical regions (82 to 102 and 115 to 120)
MECHIN, GUERIN LAURENCE. "Tolerance de pseudomonas aeruginosa a l'activite bactericide des ammoniums quaternaires. Relation avec la composition lipidique membranaire". Massy, ENSIA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EIAA0098.
Testo completoWang, Guan. "Roles of substrate rigidity and composition in membrane trafficking". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC195.
Testo completoFrom brain to bones, stiffness and composition of the extracellular matrix vary greatly and play a role in cell responses. Substrate rigidity also impacts plasma membrane tension, which has a close relationship with membrane trafficking. How substrate rigidity and chemistry sensing may regulate exocytosis, which in turn regulates membrane tension, is still largely unknown. Here, I used pHluorin imaging of single vesicle exocytosis in cells cultured on substrates of controlled rigidity and composition to explore the regulation of VAMP2 and VAMP7-mediated exocytosis. I developed a computer software to automatically identify fusion events thus allowing quick analysis of batch data. I contributed to the study showing that VAMP7 exocytosis is regulated by src kinase which phosphorylates VAMP7 in its Longin domain (LD) (Burgo et al. JBC 2013). I further found that VAMP7 but not VAMP7 lacking LD- or VAMP2-mediated secretion was stimulated by substrate stiffness on laminin. VAMP7 and VAMP7 lacking LD were similarly sensitive to osmotic chock-induced membrane tension changes. Finally, i showed that LRRK1, a regulator of egf receptor transport, is a partner of the LD, and controls the retrograde transport of VAMP7. These approaches allowed me to reveal a new mechanism whereby substrate rigidity, by acting on integrin signalling, enhances VAMP7 exocytosis via LRRK1- and Rab21-dependent regulation of its peripheral readily-releasable pool (Wang et al. submitted). This mechanism may have broad potential relevance for plasma membrane dynamics in normal conditions and diseases, particularly cancer
Fouchard, Samuel. "Influence des conditions de culture sur la composition membranaire et la production de métabolites secondaires chez les bactéries". Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0803.
Testo completoDuring this work, two series of analyses were carried out in parallel to control the influence of environmental factors on Pseudomonasfluorescens. The first one has consisted in controlling that phospholipid fatty acids profile of the bacterial membrane is closely related to the culture conditions of the bacterium. In the second part, the bacterial secondary metabolism was investigated. These two series of analyses have showed similarities concerning the influence of the culture conditions on the fatty acids composition and the metabolites production. Indeed, in both cases, a statistical analysis has showed that the growth phase and the culture temperature are the prevalent factors. This suggests there is a link between the fatty acids profile of the membrane and the secondary metabolites production. This link seems to be expressed through membrane proteins whose activity is affected by the variations of phospholipid fatty acids composition
Joyeux, Cécile. "Impacts des conditions de culture sur la composition lipidique membranaire de micro-organismes (étude des acides gras de phospholipides et hopanoi͏̈des)". Mulhouse, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MULH0737.
Testo completoA stressed organism produces active secondary metabolites that are not produced in "optimal" culture conditions. That happens from phenotypic variations, without genetic modification. In order to measure the impact of environmental modifications on the bacterial metabolism of Frateuria aurantia, we developed a "measure of stress", based on analyse of the modifications of its membrane lipid composition. The study, which initially dealing with the influence of a reduce number of stress (temperature, growth phase, medium composition and pH), has been extended by means of an experimental plan with 13 environmental factors including magnetic field. The influence of interactions between different stress factors revealed to be of great importance and must be studied more thoroughly
Besson, Pierre. "Composition lipidique membranaire de lignées de cancer du sein : relation avec les caractéristiques du récepteur de l'EGF et de l'antiporteur sodium-proton". Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3301.
Testo completoPascal, Géraldine. "Etude des biais de composition en acides aminés des protéines microbiennes". Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011839.
Testo completoNous avons analysé la composition globale en acides aminés de l'ensemble les protéines de chaque protéomes étudiés à l'aide, entres autres, de l'Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances et d'un outil de partitionnement, les nuées dynamiques.
Ont été étudiés
(i) les modèles microbiens les mieux connus E. coli, B. subtilis et M. jannaschii,
(ii) un échantillon représentatif du monde procaryote de 28 organismes aux caractéristiques les plus diverses,
(iii) la pathogénicité de P. luminescens,
(iv) la qualité psychrophile de la bactérie P. haloplanktis, dont la vie à basse température est caractérisée par des
protéines fortement biaisées en asparagine et
(v) une perspective d'application aux eucaryotes simples est évoquée au regard des travaux préliminaires sur l'usage
des codons de P. marneffei, un chamipgnon dimorphique et pathogène.
Triger, Aurelien. "Procédé hybride cristallisation et séparation membranaire pour le traitement d'un fluide complexe (urine)". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0045/document.
Testo completoThe development of decentralized and specific sanitation system is an issue that concerns both the improvement of sanitary conditions in the poorest area of the world and the development of renewable sources of nutrients for agriculture. This study aims to provide some elements about a treatment line including crystallization and membrane separation for the treatment and valorization of urine. Crystallization allows to recover phosphorus and part of nitrogen contained in urine. Membrane separation is used in order to remove bacteria and viruses from urine. To check the potentialities of these processes some tests were performed at labscale with synthetic and real human urines.It was shown that the struvite crystallization by magnesium addition with a ratio Mg:P=1,3:1 allows recovering most of the phosphorus from urine with a very rapid kinetics (about 20s). Influence of mixing conditions, urine storage, organic matter and initial crystals in urine was studied in batch and continuous reactor. Ultrafiltrations of different pretreated urines (no pretreatment, stored urine, stored and crystallized urine) were performed with PES, PAN and PVDF membranes. Mechanisms responsible for an important flux decline during urine flitration were studied. Specific influence of particular, colloidal and soluble fraction on the flux decline was also evidenced. On these basis different possible treatment lines of urines are proposed and discussed
Lelong-Rebel, Isabelle. "Etude de l'evolution de l'architecture membranaire des neurones d'embryons de poulet en culture : composition et topologie des proteines et des lipides polaires au cours du developpement cellulaire". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13089.
Testo completoLe, Grand Fabienne. "Étude des relations entre compositions membranaires lipidiques et fonctions cellulaires : cas des hémocytes de bivalves atteints de néoplasie disséminée". Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2052.
Testo completoThe aim of the works presented in this PhD thesis was to evidence structure-functional characteristics of a precise - cell type, bivalve hemocytes. Analytical tools such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) allowed an in-depth investigation of membrane lipid components. Detailed composition of phospholipid classes and subclasses and their respective specific fatty acid composition were evidenced. Moreover, use of flow cytometry allowed characterizing some hemocyte cell functions and ploidy. Membrane lipid composition of hemocytes was finely characterized in four bivalve species; the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, the edible cockle Cerastoderma edule and the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria. Among the main lipid particularities, a high content of plasmalogen enriched in non-methylene interrupted (NMI) fatty acids and in 20:1n-11 was evidenced for the first time in hemocytes. These fatty acids present the particularity to be biosynthesized de novo in marine bivalves. Hemocyte membranes were also found to be very rich in ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP) and in sterols. The second step consisted in the study of the modifications of membrane lipid composition and cell functions potentially induced by disseminated neoplasia, in order to emerge structuro-functional links at the membrane level. For this purpose, circulating cells originating from healthy animals and from animals affected by disseminated neoplasia were compared in cockle from Arcachon Bay and in soft-shell clam from Prince-Edward-Island (Canada). In the case of cockles, a highly lower proportion of plasmalogen-NMI FA molecular species was observed in neoplastic cell membranes. This observation was associated to a lower phagocytic activity and a subcellular origin of reactive oxygen species (ROS) different. In soft-shell clams, n lower proportion of plasmalogen phosphatidylserine-20:1n-l1 molecular species was associated to a lower phagocytic activity in circulating cells of animals affected by disseminated neoplasia. Characteristics of disseminated neoplasia affecting cockles from Arcachon Bay appeared very different from the ones observed in soft-shell clam from Prince-Edward-Island, concerning particularly the ploidy of neoplastic cells but also their proliferation and the prevalence of the different development stages of the disease. A different progression of the pathology was suggested. This could explain the observed differences in membrane lipid structure alterations of neoplastic cells between the two species
To, Thi Mai Huong. "Modification de la composition lipidique membranaire chez les bactéries lactiques en conditions de stress : étude du rôle physiologique des Acides Gras Cycliques chez deux modèles : oenococcus oeni ATCC-BAA1163 et Lactococcus lactis MG1363". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605353.
Testo completoLe, Grand Fabienne. "Etude des relations entre compositions membranaires lipidiques et fonctions cellulaires : Cas des hémocytes de bivalves atteints de neoplasie disséminée". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684750.
Testo completoQuilleré, Aurore. "Décrypter les mécanismes d'adaptation au froid de Listeria monocytogenes en présence de lipides insaturés alimentaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB037.
Testo completoFood-borne infectious diseases, especially listeriosis with its high case fatality rate, remain a real public health problem. Being ubiquitous and psychrotrophic, Listeria monocytogenes is frequently found in food environments (raw materials, production chain), and can contaminate numerous foodstuffs, such as ready to eat products (RTE). For RTE products, refrigeration is the main method for controlling pathogen growth and guaranteeing product food safety. A previous study performed in our laboratory showed that several strains of L. monocytogenes can incorporate exogenous fatty acids into their membranes, modifying their ability to grow at low temperature. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) limit growth, while unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) promote it. This ability could question new trends in reformulating food with unsaturated fatty acids to fit with nutritional claims that could increase the risk of listeriosis in lipid-rich refrigerated products.In this context, this work aimed at understanding the behavior of L. monocytogenes at low temperatures in fatty acid rich environments. First, we characterized, genotypically and phenotypically, Lm208, the strain that has shown the highest growth rate at low temperatures in the presence of oleic acid in the preliminary study. The genome was sequenced, annotated, and enriched. We then completed the phenotypic characterization by evaluating the behavior of L. monocytogenes in the presence of different FAs according to their structure (chain length, unsaturation). UFAs inducing, after incorporation, a membrane phospholipid melting temperature between 18 and 23°C (18 carbon UFA) enabled the greatest increase in Lm208 growth at low temperature.Secondly, we performed non targeted and targeted transcriptomic studies to study the gene expression related to the observed phenotype. Global RNA seq analysis over four conditions (growth with or without oleic acid supplementation at 5°C and 37°C) enabled us to select the genes involved in this overgrowth phenomenon. RT qPCR analysis was then carried out on the targeted genes, enlarging the range of culture conditions tested. Among the genes of interest, fabK, involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, and cheY and flaA, involved in flagellar mobility and assembly, were respectively over and under expressed in the presence of UFA or SFA. The differential expression of fabK could be linked to the regulation of the UFA versus SFA biosynthetic pathway. The presence of very long and numerous flagella in the presence of UFA at low temperatures was observed by transmission electron microscopy. This remarkable phenotype could be involved in the ability of L. monocytogenes to form biofilms and persist in production environments
Poumes-Ballihaut, Carine. "Effets d'un apport alimentaire en acide docosahexaenoique (DHA, 22:6N-3) sur la composition lipidique membranaire du cerveau et de la rétine, et sur 2 fonctions neurophysiologiques chez le rat : la neurotransmission dopaminergique corticale et la réponse électrophysiologique de la rétine". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NSARI029.
Testo completoHarmouch, Naïma. "Variation des structures pariétales et membranaires chez Schizosaccharomyces pombe : souche sauvage, mutant ras1- et mutant ras1vaI17". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10178.
Testo completoBoulant, Erika. "Utilisation des pompes d'efflux dans l'ingénierie de la tolérance chez Deinococcus geothermalis". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0764.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis was to develop a strategy for detoxifying the amount of an intracellular compound by allowing its exit from the cell through the use of an efflux system.The host chosen for this study is a new model organism, Deinococcus geothermalis. We used efflux pumps as biological tools to allow the release of a compound that became toxic intracellularly. To do this, we first inserted by homologous recombination a selection of genes encoding heterologous efflux pumps into the D. geothermalis chromosome. Then the second step was to determine the susceptibility of the recombinants obtained to high value-added compounds. A number of recombinants with higher resistance than the wild multi-compound strain were then selected. The next step was to verify that the observed resistance gain was indeed due to the insertion of a functional efflux pump into the bacterial shell. To do this, efflux tests using a fluorescent marker, Hoechst compound 33342 or with a fluorescent antibiotic were performed. We were able to obtain proof of concept that a gene encoding a heterologous efflux pump could lead to the expression of a functional protein in D. geothermalis and that this membrane protein allowed the intracellular amount of a given compound to be decreased
GUITTARD, MOUSSA MARGUERITE. "Effets des modifications de la composition en acides gras des phospholipides membranaires induites par le regime sur l'activation lymphocytaire chez le rat". Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30188.
Testo completoMaitre, Magali. "Le chaperon moléculaire Lo18 de Oenococcus oeni : caractérisation de ses activités en lien avec sa plasticité oligomérique". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907573.
Testo completoLacroix, Romaric. "Microparticules : de la génération de plasmine à la standardisation d'un biomarqueur émergeant". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22959/document.
Testo completoMicroparticles (MP) are small vesicles resulting from the blebbing of cell membranes in response to activation or apoptosis. Because they express functional molecules from their parent cells, plasmin generation at their surface has been explored. First we have shown that endothelial derived MP (EMP) promote plasminogen activation at their surface in an urokinase and its receptor (uPA/uPAR) dependant manner. Thus, plasmin generation by EMP constitutes a new pathway for the regulation of the endothelium proteolytic activities. Second, we have shown that cellular or MP uPA is specifically involved in the recognition and effective activation of plasminogen bound to another biological surface. Third, we have demonstrated that circulating endothelial and leukocytes MP bear this plasminogenolytic activity which it not only uPA but also tissue-type plasminogen activator dependant and modulate in pathological settings such as cardiovascular and auto-immune diseases. Supported by this work, a patent on a method to measure MP plasmin activity has been filed. In a second part, we focused on analytical methods available to measure MP. Indeed, there is an increasing interest to measure MP as biomarker in clinical practice. However, the evaluation of their input for patients is impeding by methodological concerns and a lack of standardization so far. In this work, we present a new strategy based a size-calibrated fluorescent beads for the standardization of flow cytometry (FCM). This approach was evaluated in a multicentre study. Finally, we reviewed the present limitation of the FCM for MP measurement and the strategies or technological improvements to overcome them