Tesi sul tema "Composite à Matrice Céramique (CMC)"
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Bertrand-Vieville, Rémi-Julien. "Evolution du comportement d’un Composite à Matrice Céramique (CMC) auto-cicatrisante sous cyclage thermomécanique en atmosphère oxydante". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0278/document.
Testo completoComposites made of Ceramic for both fibers and matrix aimed at being used in aerospace applications, that is to say, under mechanical stresses at high temperatures in oxidizing and corrosive environments. Resistance to oxidation /corrosion of these materials is linked to their ability to self-heal by creating anoxide phase limiting access of oxygen to the bulk of the material. Multi-sequenced self-healingmatrices made of boron containing phases were thus designed to promote the formation of a protective borosilicate phase by oxidation at low temperatures (i.e. starting at about 450°C). Parts made of this material subjected to thermomechanical cycles which will possibly change the distribution of O2 in the bulk as well as that of liquid oxides and their state. The experimental approach developed to characterize the influence of the oxide material behavior dissociates into four parts: (i) identify the intrinsic mechanical and thermal behavior of the material (at room temperature, in neutral atmosphere at high temperature in thermal fatigue), (ii) highlight a possible interaction between the oxide present in the material and the macroscopic mechanical behavior of the composite, (iii)determine if the viscosity of the oxide (very temperature dependent) modifies the charge transferF/M and (iv) observe what may be the behavior of the material when the cyclic fatigue is performed in conjunction with a thermal ramp, alternating the opening /closing of cracks that could alter the self-healing material
Borius, Zoé. "Développement et caractérisation de CMC oxyde/oxyde élaborés par imprégnation de mèches en continu". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0010.
Testo completoThe use of oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) is being considered for new generation engines. The main obstacle to the industrialisation of these materials are the diversity of production processes, their costs, and the heterogeneity of the microstructures and mechanical properties. This thesis is a collaboration between Onera, IRT Saint-Éxupéry and ICA. It investigates a new way of producing alumina/alumina CMC by using a continuous tow impregnation process. Firstly, a study was carried out into the formulation of aqueous alumina slurries compatible with the production of composites using a continuous tow impregnation line, followed by autoclave shaping and sintering. Two hygroscopic organic plasticisers, sorbitol and glycerol, as well as a gelling agent, boehmite, were evaluated. Autoclave thermal cycles were adapted to slurries compositions, with particular regard to the organic additives. Several compositions were selected and the microstructures of the resulting CMCs were characterised. The relationships between slurry composition, process adaptability and composite microstructure were investigated. Finally, the mechanical behaviour at ambient temperature of the different CMC grades were examined in relation to their microstructures, and tensile damage scenarios were proposed
Nualas, Florence. "Fonctionnement en oxydation de matériaux composites céramiques (CMC) dans des environnements aéronautiques". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993488.
Testo completoAbchiche, Bruno. "Augmentation de la limite élastique des composites à matrice céramique : SiC/SiC ou SiC/MAC". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14903/document.
Testo completoAbstract
Mathieu, Sylvain. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique lors du procédé de mise en forme et pyrolyse des interlocks CMC". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0115/document.
Testo completoManufacture processes modeling of woven fabrics composites is a major stake for state-of-the-art industrial parts, where their usage is intensifying. Control of all the manufacturing stages of ceramic matrix composites, particularly the forming and pyrolysis steps, is essential. Understanding and simulation of the mechanical behavior at each stage is required to optimize the final product performances. Two macroscopic modeling approaches of thick woven fabric reinforcements are detailed: a continuous classical one and a semi-discrete one. An initially orthotropic hyperelastic constitutive law is thus established. This law is based on a phenomenological observation of the main fabric deformation modes, from where physical invariants of the deformation are suggested. The required material parameters identification is explained. A modified version of this law, without any tensile energetic contribution, is implemented in a semi-discrete element where the tensile work is taken into account by bars that discretize the real weaving. Thick woven reinforcements are highly anisotropic materials due to the large ratio between the tensile rigidity and the others. Their numerical modeling highlights spurious phenomena and limitations related to this specificity. The tension locking is firstly tackled. A remedy based on an enhanced assumed strain finite element formulation is suggested for classical continuum and semi-discrete elements. Problems linked to bending-dominated numerical simulations are brought to attention : transverse hourglassing and lack of local bending stiffness. For the transverse hourglassing situation, two stiffening technics are proposed : averaging the dilatation through the whole element or adding a supplementary tangent material rigidity in a specific direction. The local bending stiffness problem is solved by calculating the curvature inside the element by using rotation free plates. The induced bending moment leads to supplementary internal loads. Finally, the elastic springback following the pyrolysis of the polymer matrix with ceramic precursors is modeled. The constitutive behavior is experimentally identified with a transverse isotropic hyperelastic law. Added to the initial reinforcements’ hyperelastic law, with the preformed fabric as reference configuration, the pyrolysis induced deformations can be visualized. This final model is compared with experimental results
Courcot, Emilie. "Protection des composites à matrice céramique (CMC) contre la corrosion à haute température dans les moteurs aéronautiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13824/document.
Testo completoThe ceramic matrix composites can be used in aeronautic engines due to their high temperature stability and their mechanical properties. However, under a corrosive environment, an oxidation and then a recession of the CMC occured because of the volatilization of the silica scale formed at the surface of the composite. Consequently, in order to increase the lifetime of such materials, a external protection against corrosion is required. This is the aim of my Ph-D thesis. The experimental approach is the following : (i) identification of the coating materials ; (ii) validation of the selected materials by studying their structural stability and their chemical and thermomechanical compatibilities with the substrate ; (iii) determination of the thermal stability of the materials under a corrosive environment and (iv) behaviour of the coatings onto the CMC
Nouvian, Laurine. "Élaboration et caractérisation d'une nouvelle matrice céramique pour CMC par réaction solide-gaz activée et expansive". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0187.
Testo completoAmong the various processes for producing a ceramic matrix composite (CMC), few of them make it possible to obtain a material whose density exceeds 90%, except for Melt Infiltration (MI). The aim of this thesis is to develop a new ceramic matrix to develop a CMC with a residual porosity of less than 10%. Based on the process presented by Peter Greil in 1992, this matrix is developed using a hybrid process combining both the liquid and the solid paths. Thus, a powdered reactive filler composed of a mixture of TiSi2 and Ni has been associated with a preceramic resin. During its nitridation, the powder expands and compensates for the volume shrinkage of the resin. By pyrolysis of the resin and nitridation of the powder, under nitrogen, a nitride type matrix is formed. The metal additive, Ni, promotes the nitridation of the powder which, without its addition, remains partially nitride: Free Si remains in the matrix, and deteriorates the properties of the material. Several parameters influence this reaction: the particle size of the powder, the grinding method, the nickel content, the impurities, the shaping or the duration and the temperature of the heat treatment. All these parameters have been studied in order to elaborate the desired matrix. This new matrix was then characterized in order to study the evolution of its porosity, as well as its physicochemical properties such as its resistance to oxidation or its thermal stability. Finally, the feasibility of a composite was studied to complete this work
Demeyer, Floriane. "Élaboration d’un matériau composite à matrice carbone/hétéroélément métallique par MOCVD/MOCVI". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0359.
Testo completoCeramic matrix composites (CMC) are commonly used materials for the aeronautics and space industry. The aim of this work is the fabrication of a carbon matrix composite containing a metal heteroelement (M) incorporated from chemical vapour route.Co-deposits were made from metal organic precursors (MO) by chemical vapour deposition (CVD or MOCVD) on plane and filamentary substrates in the M-O-C system. Deposition kinetics, chemical composition, chemical bonding nature and crystallographic structure of the deposits were characterized from different process parameters (temperature, pressure, flow and gas phase composition).A metal organic precursor and an appropriate liquid precursor carrying technology as direct liquid injection (DLI) have been selected. Porous substrates were infiltrated from chemical vapour infiltration (CVI or MOCVI). Infiltration parameters were investigated and a M O C infiltration prediction model was defined thanks to samples with model pores
Tranquart, Bastien. "Vers un matériau virtuel pour l’optimisation qualitative d’une nouvelle famille de CMCs". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DENS0014/document.
Testo completoThe thesis work focus on the development of a virtual material for heterogeneous materials simulation and optimization, especially in the case of now generation of ceramic-matrix composites. To do that, a model at the scale of the yarn is built up, by using an integrated approach that account for the complexity of the microstructure and its variability arising from the manufacturing process. This approach is made of two steps: i) the construction of a synthetic yarn, using micrographics studies and ii) a multiscale approach based on the generalized finites elements method. The originality of that method come from the use of pattern, sort of typical physical or topological situation, that describe both the local structure and kinematic. The approach is validated and applied to various 2D cross-sections of synthetic yarns, for which the choice of patterns is discussed. Extension to 3D section of the yarn, together with the simulation of the fracture in a discrete manner, is discussed and first elements of answer are proposed
Ben, Ramdane Camélia. "Etude et modélisation du comportement mécanique de CMC oxyde/oxyde". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0077/document.
Testo completoOxide/oxide CMCs are good candidates for thermostructural applications. Themechanical behaviour and damage mechanisms of two alumina/alumina composites with two andthree dimensional woven reinforcements were studied and compared. The microstructure of theseweak matrix CMCs was characterized by porosimetry and NDT methods, such as IR thermography,ultrasound scanning and X-ray tomography, which highlighted initial defects. The mechanicalbehaviour was studied through tensile tests, as well as compression tests in the case of the twodimensionalreinforced CMC. These tests were conducted at room temperature, in the fibres directionsand in the ±45° direction. In order to fully exploit these tests, several extensometry and damagemonitoring methods, such as IR thermography and acoustic emission, were used. Young’s moduli andmaximum stresses and strains of the two-dimensional reinforced CMC developed at Onera appearedto be higher than those available in the literature. The damage mechanisms of the materials weredetermined by post mortem SEM observations and in situ testing in a SEM, which made it possible toassess the nocivity of initial defects. Studying the mechanical behaviour of these composites finallyenabled the development of a three-dimensional damage model that will facilitate the furtherdevelopment of such materials, through finite element analysis. Finally, some improvements regardingthe manufacturing processes and the instrumentation for damage monitoring were suggested forfuture studies
Karlin, Sacha. "Analyse chimique et mécanique, "ex-situ" et "in-situ", de fibres et composites céramiques (CMC). Apport de la microscopie Raman". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20211.
Testo completoLanfant, Briac. "Élaboration et étude des propriétés thermomécaniques de composites à matrice SiC nanostructurée renforcée par des nanotubes de carbone". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112275/document.
Testo completoCeramic carbides materials such as SiC, due to their refractory nature and their low neutron absorption are believed to be promising candidates for high temperature nuclear or aerospace applications. However, SiC brittleness has limited its structural application. In this context this work examines in a first part the possibilities to perform dense nanostructured SiC matrix by SPS without the use of sintering additive. Indeed a reduction of grain size (below 100 nm) accompanied by a high final density seem to be the solutions to counteract the brittleness and thus to improve mechanical properties. Dense (95%) and nanostructured (grain size around 100 nm) SiC samples were obtained thanks to the realization of an effective dispersion technique and the study on the sintering parameters effect. High hardness (2200 Hv) and decent fracture toughness (3.0 MPa.m1/2) were achieved. This first work also showed the preponderant influence of recurrent pollutants (oxygen and carbon) found in SiC powders on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered samples. The oxygen as silica or silicon oxycarbide seems to promote densification mechanisms while free carbon (3.5%wt) causes lower grain size and densification state. Mechanical properties with carbon are also negatively impacted (950 Hv and 2.4 MPa.m1/2). Such degradation is due by the specific localization of carbon structure between the grains. In return of the expected mechanical properties improvement by reducing the grain size, the thermal conductivity is drastically decrease of due to the phonon scattering at the grain boundaries. With the aim of reducing this effect, a second study was initiated by introducing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the SiC matrix. The MWCNTs by exhibiting a high toughness could also help to enhance the mechanical properties. Green bodies with different amounts of well dispersed MWCNTs (0%wt to 5%wt) were realized. Like free carbon, MWCNTs are located between the grains and induce a reduction of grain size. However the appearance of CNTs percolation for an amount above 1%wt, with the SPS sintering technique, allows an improvement of densification up to 97%. Hardness (up to 2550 Hv) and fracture toughness (4.0 MPa.m1/2) are also achieved with the SiC/NTC composites. Despite the good thermal properties of MWCNTs, the increase of grain boundary decreases the thermal conductivity of these composites
Magnant, Jérôme. "Composites fibreux denses à matrice céramique autocicatrisante élaborés par des procédés hybrides". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14105/document.
Testo completoThe fabrication of multidirectional continuous carbon fibers reinforced dense self healing Ceramic Matrix Composites by new short time hybrid processes was studied. The processes developed are based, first, on the deposition of fiber interphase and coating by chemical vapor infiltration, next, on the introduction of ceramic powders into the fibrous preform by Slurry Impregnation and, finally, on the densification of the composite by liquid-phase Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) or by Reactive Melt Infiltration of silicon (RMI).The homogeneous introduction of the ceramic particles into the multidirectional fiber preforms was realized by slurry impregnation from highly concentrated (> 32 %vol.) and well dispersed aqueous colloid suspensions. The densification of the composites by spark plasma sintering was possible with a short (< 5 minutes) dwelling period in temperature. The chemical degradation of the carbon fibers during the fabrication was prevented by adapting the sintering pressure cycle to inhibit gas evolution inside the system. The composites elaborated are dense. The fully densification of the composites by RMI was realised by carefully controlling the impregnation parameters to avoid to entrap some gaseous species inside the fiber preforms. Our carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites processed by Spark Plasma Sintering or Reactive Melt Infiltration have a damageable mechanical behaviour with a room temperature bending stress at failure around 300 MPa and have shown their ability to self-healing in oxidizing conditions. Compared to the CMC processed by CVI, the composites processed with a final consolidation step by RMI are fully dense and have a similar room temperature tensile test behaviour with an ultimate tensile stress around 220 MPa
Pons, Audrey. "Simulation numérique de la montée capillaire en espace confiné, en vue de l’application à des procédés d’élaboration de matériaux composites par imprégnation non-réactive ou réactive". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0701/document.
Testo completoThe development of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) to replace certain metal components ininternal hot parts of aircraft engines is an active research field for the aeronautical industry. Theseadvanced components may be manufactured with a fluid processing called ReactiveMelt Infiltration(RMI). The densification step is the capillary rise of a molten metal such as silicon within a wovenpreform. The molten metal can react with the previously introduced ceramic powder and lead to arefractory matrix. The competition between capillary rise and the reaction between molten siliconand introduced carbon powder has to be managed. The ambition is to prevent choking off effectsand closed pores created by preferential paths. Simulations of two-phase flows at macroscopic scaleare undertaken with a homemade code developed in SAFRAN whereas simulations of two-phaseflows atmicroscopic scale were undertaken with CFD code Thétis (developed at I2M, Bordeaux). Anexperimental methodology for analysis of reactive or not reactive capillary impregnation in granularmedia is described
Liégaut, Caroline. "Élaboration de composites à matrice céramique ultra-réfractaire résistants aux très hautes températures sous flux gazeux". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0035/document.
Testo completoSince many decades, Carbon/Carbon composites are used as structural parts in rocket engines due to their excellent thermomechanical properties. However, under highly oxidizing/corrosive atmosphere and high gas flow rates, carbon suffers from severe oxidation. To improve oxidation resistance of these composites, Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTC) can be used as a protection. To protect the whole composite, the introduction of UHTC as a matrix has been done using a liquid phase process combining: (i) slurry infiltration process and (ii) reactive melt infiltration. Matrix constituents belong to the (B;C;Si;Zr) system. Material characterisation allowed a better understanding of the infiltration mechanisms and of the phase distribution and composition in respect to the processing conditions. To select the best composition, oxyacetylene torch testing has been done to recreate spacecraft launch environmental conditions. Post-test characterisation has been done to evaluate protection efficiency of each matrix composition for single use and possible reuse. Finally, advantages and drawbacks assessment of each composition allowed to highlight the most protective composition and phase distribution
Henry, Lucile. "Étude et développement d'un procédé propre et innovant de traitement de la surface de fibres céramiques en conditions hydrothermales". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0328.
Testo completoThis thesis project was carried out in order to develop a hydrothermal processfor the surface treatment of ceramic fibres which are integrated into the fabrication of ceramicmatrix composites (CMCs). A conventional process was developed by Safran Ceramics tomodify the surface chemistry of the Nicalon fibres following 3 steps. The main step consistsin dissolving the oxidised phases at the fibre surface by the use of strong acids. As aconsequence, the chemical homogeneity of the surface is enhanced and a microporouscarbon film is generated helping its compatibilization with the pyrocarbon interphase that isdeposited in between the fibres and the matrix. It was suggested to substitute thisconventional process by a hydrothermal treatment. Indeed, as water displays tunablephysico-chemical properties regarding the temperature and pressure conditions, it waspossible to recover fibres demonstrating reproducible and similar characteristics. Theefficiency and competitivity of the hydrothermal treatment have been assessed throughoptimised surface properties obtained after one single step. Next, the mechanisminvestigation revealed a selective attack of the Si atoms contained in the fibre via hydrolysisreactions. Then, the thermodynamic study pointed out the fact that the process wasdominated by a kinetic regim. Finally, the mechanical caracterisation of the CMCs made ofhydrothermal treated fibres showed results which met all the requirements. These finalobservations allowed us to complete the qualification of the hydrothermal process to treat thesurface of Nicalon fibres
Willemin, Solenne. "Mécanismes de ruine d'un matériau CMC à fibres Hi-Nicalon S en oxydation / corrosion". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0953.
Testo completoTo design and manufacture CMC structural components for aeronautics, Safran develops a new CMC grade, provided to resist severe combustion environments. Understanding this new composite material damaging and failure mechanisms is essential: environmental conditions, mechanical loading, and matrix damages, can lead to a decrease in its self-protective properties. The aim of this work is to identify prevailing high temperature degradation mechanisms of those MI SiC/SiC CMCs, depending of different thermal, mechanical and environmental stresses. To fulfill that outcome, a multi-scale approach was considered, by examining phenomena from single constituents to complex composite architecture (effects of constituents’ synergy). High temperature oxidation/corrosion behaviors of the composite material and each of its constituents were characterized, and modeled to meet representative combustion environment. Different operating areas of efficient self-protection of the composite material were therefore highlighted. In the same perspective, themomechanical behaviors of both matrix constituents and composite were experimentally explored, enabling the determination of behavior laws. Related degradations in the composite material were also analyzed. Crossing all results, it was thereby possible to evaluate kinetics and criticality of failure mechanisms: different damaging scenarios are thus proposed, depending on environmental conditions
Griesser, Aurélia. "Réalisation de matériaux composites à conductivité thermique accrue pour l’aéronautique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14699/document.
Testo completoTo reduce pollution emitted by air transport, high temperature materials used in hot parts of aircraft engines could be replaced by ceramic matrix composites (CMC). To integrate these materials, they must support the harsh environment encountered inside the engine (temperature ≥ 1400 ° C, oxidation / corrosion), while having properties equivalent to current superalloys (thermal conductivity, mechanical strength). This work was aimed to establish a material architecture presenting all properties required, and to develop and characterize this composite. This procedure has helped to identify the phenomena involved in the development of composites. Various optimizations, as process, material architecture and composition, have lead to the establishment of a dense CMC. Measured properties have proved that these materials can be used for the intended application
Benezech, Jean. "Modélisation aux échelles méso- et macroscopique du comportement mécanique de zones singulières de pièces de structure en CMC". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0309.
Testo completoWoven ceramic matrix composites (CMC) exhibit an intricate multi-scale architecture. To be used as components of aircraft engines, the weaving of such parts could also incorporate specific features compared to « classical » woven CMC as they need to comply with complex geometries. My work focused on a stiffener-like fully woven junction that is made of a complex 3D woven fabric, and whose characteristic size lies at the frontier between the mesoscopic and the macroscopic scales, i.e. where scale separation hypothesis is not applicable.I have first developed an experimental device to perform shear/bending tests on the woven junction. These tests not only allowed to gain significant knowledge about the mechanical behavior of such part, but also to highlight the interplay between the load, material architecture and damage mechanisms that is particularly significant in the case of the woven junction. Therefore, numerical prediction of the mechanical behavior of the woven junction necessitates a sound knowledge of its inner structure.With this aim, I have developed an original segmentation method to build realistic numerical models of textile composites, using X-ray micro-computed tomography and a prior geometric model. The procedure includes a global-local heuristic to iteratively improve the resemblance of the initial model. This approach allowed to build “digital twins” of the woven junction. A conformal tetrahedral image-based mesh could then be obtained as the resulting models are free of interpenetration. Mesoscale FE simulations, including non-linear behavior laws of the yarns and matrix, allowed to predict the maximal load leading to the first damage events, and to reproduce accurately the damage localization and its interaction with the architecture.However, with such level of details incorporated in the model, the simulations necessitate significant computational resources. An approximate macro-scale description may be sufficient to evaluate the elastic properties, or even to simulate damage initiation. Therefore, we have proposed a meso-informed macroscopic modelling framework where the behaviour of the macro-elements is derived from the knowledge of the local direction and volume fraction of constituents, thanks to the digital twin. The effective behaviour of the macro-elements is obtained through an equivalent lamina. This method drastically reduces the size of the model while preserving an approximate description of the underlying local anisotropy and heterogeneities. With respect to the damage initiation, the meso-informed macroscopic model accurately reproduced the results obtained using the reference mesoscale model, as long as the filtering size remains comparable to the yarn size. This allowed to propose an optimal modelling framework with an adequate level of description of meso-details and acceptable computational requirements.Finally, I have used these models to thoroughly compare the numerical simulations with the experimental results: variabilities of experimental boundary conditions have been analyzed, as well as the influence of specific heterogeneities related to the fabrication process. We have also used this framework to explore different weaving patterns in order to obtain an optimal design of the woven junction
Carminati, Paul. "Composites SiC/SiC à interphase de type BN de compositions variables et réactivité optimisée". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0248/document.
Testo completoSiC/SiC composites with SiC-based fibres and SiC matrix are developed for aeronautic applications. In order to improve their life time in an oxidizing atmosphere at high temperature, the use of BN interphase is recommended, as far as liquid boron oxide can protect the material. However, this glassy material is known to be very sensitive to moisture because boron oxide volatilizes quickly under high temperature. The aims of this work are (i) to maximise the structural organization of BN deposited by CVD/CVI to improve its oxidation resistance and (ii) to assess the interest of elemental addition to boron nitride allowing thermodynamic retention for B2O3 under wet air. Relationships between gas phase composition, deposition rates, and microstructure have been established in this work. Unfortunately, if the oxidation resistance of BN perpendicular to its (002) crystal planes increases with its structural organization, it appears to be hardly improved along the (002) planes. Nevertheless, aluminium addition to BN has led to Al4B2O9 crystals generation, asAl2O3 reacts together with B2O3 under high temperature. These materials therefore appear tobe able to seal SiC matrix cracks. As a result, the global oxidation resistance under wet air of SiC/SiC composites with B(Al)N interphases can been significantly improved. Additional oxidation tests, especially under thermal cycling, are needed to definitively conclude about this point
Mulat, Christianne. "Détection, caractérisation d'objets 3D et simulation d'évolution morphologique appliquée à l'infiltrabilité de préformes fibreuses". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13685/document.
Testo completoThis thesis connects image processing and physicochemical modeling to characterize the infiltrability of porous media. Infiltrability means “ability of a porous medium to receive a solid deposit brought by penetration of a carrier fluid”. A practical case is the preparation of ceramic-matrix composites by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI). Various studies have proved that the fiber arrangement in preforms of composite materials affects the density of the material at the final stage. In this work, the morphological evolution of complex 3D porous media during the gas-phase infiltration is studied. The first step consists in the segmentation and characterization X-ray Micro Tomography of the infiltrated composite. The objects to be segmented are quasi cylindrical fibers. Two tools have been developed: an optimal estimator of the orientation toward the axis; and an algorithm to detect and characterize quasi cylindrical objects. Applied on images of fiber-reinforced composites, this approach makes it possible to obtain the block containing the fibers. This block is the complex porous medium used for infiltrability characterization. The second step addresses the fiber-scale modeling of CVI. It is based on random walkers and fluid / solid interface management by a simplified marching cube. Our algorithm is innovative since it handles simultaneously chemical reactions, gas transport in rarefied and continuum regimes, and the morphological evolution of porous structure. By combining these two steps, we can compare the deposit obtained by segmentation to simulated deposits obtained in various physicochemical regimes. This allows performing an inverse analysis of the actual deposition conditions from the morphology of the deposit. The provided computational approach also allows the comparison of different porous textures with respect to their infiltrability
Archer, Thibaut. "Comportement sous gradient thermique d'un composite à matrice céramique revêtu". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN063.
Testo completoThe introduction of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in high pressure turbines is one of the challenges of the next generation of civil aircraft engines. The extreme thermomechanical and physicochemical environment in which these parts evolve requires the addition of a coating acting as a thermal and environmental barrier, in particular to avoid surface recession phenomena of SiC. In this context, this study consisted in characterizing and modeling the thermomechanical behavior of the CMC-coating system in a thermal environment representative of the conditions of use in order to identify the mechanisms of damage that could impact the life of the system. The first part of the work proposes the implementation of a test with a laser allowing for the use of different diagnostics, at very high temperatures (> 1300°C), based on full-field measurements by infrared thermography and digital image correlation, and / or the detection of damage. The second part of the work presents the study of thermal cracking of a coating using experimental observations and a finite element model of the system, using the calibration of the nonlinear thermomechanical behavior of the coating
Lepine, Paul. "Recalage stochastique robuste d'un modèle d'aube de turbine composite à matrice céramique". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD051/document.
Testo completoThis work is focused on the stochastic updating of ceramic matrix composite turbine blade model. They arepart of the uncertainty quantification framework for model validation. The aim is to enhance the existing toolused by the industrial decision makers. Indeed, consequent dispersion was measured during the experimentalcampaigns preventing the use of deterministic approaches. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to therelationship between mechanical science and uncertainty. Thus, Verification and Validation was introduced asthe processes by which credibility in numerical models is established. Then two stochastic updatingtechniques, able to handle statistic distribution, were compared through an academic example. Nevertheless,taking into account uncertainties doesn’t remove potential compensating effects between parameters.Therefore, criteria were developed in order to detect these disturbing phenomena. Info-gap theory wasemployed as a mean to model these lack of knowledge. Paired with the stochastic updating method, a robuststochasticapproach has been proposed. Results demonstrate a trade-off relationship between the model’sfidelity and robustness. The developed tools were applied on a ceramic matrix composite turbine blade finiteelement model
Bertrand, Pierre. "Étude du comportement d'interface d'une barrière environnementale sur composite à matrice céramique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST125.
Testo completoOne of the challenges in aeronautics is to reduce the environmental impact of airplanes. This objective is pursued through the development of alternative solutions to metallic materials such as ceramic matrix composites. For the intended applications, the components are exposed to extremely severe thermomechanical and physicochemical environments (oxidation/corrosion), which can lead to material degradation and limit their lifespan. To protect the ceramic matrix composite (CMC), the components are coated with environmental barrier coatings (EBC) that mitigate the corrosion of the CMC. Understanding the damage mechanisms of EBC on CMC is therefore crucial for the development of carbide-based CMC components.In this context, this thesis focused on the behavior at the interfaces of the different constituents of the system to analyze the adhesion of the coating on the CMC. The aim is, on the one hand, to propose and implement tests at ambient and high temperatures to quantify the initiation and propagation of delamination at the interfaces and to characterize the associated properties, such as the adhesion energy of the coating on the CMC, using various experimental crack-tracking methods based on optical techniques. On the other hand, the goal is to establish a close interaction between the tests and the associated modeling. For this purpose, four-point bending tests were conducted at room temperature and at 1000°C to propagate stable cracks at the interface of the system. Kinematic field measurements through image correlation were used to inform finite element simulations in order to track crack propagation and extract interfacial adhesion energy at the macroscopic scale. These tests and their analysis were used to characterize the propagation phase at both temperatures and to compare the adhesion of pristine systems with systems that had been previously aged in an oxidizing environment. In a second phase, laser bench tests with the presence of thermal gradients within the system allowed for the characterization of the initiation phase. Scanning electron microscope observations, along with the use of thermal cameras and acoustic emission sensors, complemented the experimental database
Rospars, Claude. "Modèlisation du comportement thermomécanique de composites à matrice céramique : étude d'un composite sic-sic 2d en fluage". Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN2061.
Testo completoCalard, Vincent. "APPROCHES STATISTIQUES - PROBABILISTES DU COMPORTEMENT MÉCANIQUE DES COMPOSITES À MATRICE CÉRAMIQUE". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003071.
Testo completoNazarenko, Emmanuel. "Comportement à rupture d'un composite à fibres céramiques et matrice vitrocéramique sous sollicitations statiques et dynamiques". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0269.
Testo completoLorrain, Bernard. "Etude des phénomènes de fatigue sous sollicitation uni-axiale d'un composite à matrice céramique". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30138.
Testo completoHamadouche, Ines. "Mécanismes d'endommagement d'un composite à matrice céramique revêtu d'une barrière environnementale sous sollicitations multiphysiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST020.
Testo completoThis study is part of the development of the next generation of aircraft engines. Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) made from SiC/SiC are today promising materials for use in aircraft engines hot areas. However, the engine extreme environment requires the CMC to be protected by an environmental barrier coating (EBC) against oxidizing species. In this context, this study consisted in characterizing, modeling and understanding the damage mechanisms of the CMC/EBC system under coupled multiphysical loadings (thermal/mechanical and thermal/oxidation) representative of engine conditions. To address this issue, several test configurations were set up at high temperature (>1200°C) under thermal gradients (laser heating) coupled with mechanical loading (4-point bend test) or an oxidizing environment (steam). Thanks to the instrumentation used (damage detection by acoustic emission, measurement of thermal and kinematic fields), post-mortem SEM analysis and finite element simulations, the impact of loading and stress conditions on the coating cracking were studied. The coupling between coating cracking and system oxidation was also investigated
Taillet, Brice. "Procédés alternatifs pour l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice céramique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0203/document.
Testo completoThe opening of the civil aviation market to ceramic matrix composite materials requires the development of new methods of producing compatible with the production rates and manufacturing costs of the sector.For this purpose, experimental work was conducted to develop a silicon oxynitride matrix (Si2N2O) by combustion synthesis (or SHS), from reactive powders. In recent years, Si2N2O has emerged as a promising new high-temperature ceramic material, characterized by not only good mechanical properties, but also by a higher oxidation resistance than silicon carbide. The underlying basis of SHS relies on the ability of highly exothermic reactions to be self-sustaining and, therefore, energetically efficient. Powders are first milled, dispersed and stabilized in aqueous media, and then impregnated into a fibrous preform composed of the latest generation of silicon carbide fibers (Hi-Nicalon S). SHS reaction is then carried out in a reactor specially designed and dedicated to this study. Particular attention was focused on the optimization of experimental parameters for the synthesis of a Si2N2O based matrix. Silicon metal in a mixture with silica powder was combusted under pressurized nitrogen gas into silicon oxynitride. The pressure and the temperature rise rate were the principal parameters for the composition and microstructure of the matrix. These parameters have been the subject of extensive experimental work to reach a homogeneous matrix with a very high formation rate for silicon oxynitride (more than 90wt%) and with a level of residual porosity lower than 10%. This work was completed by the calculation of the physical properties of the matrix, by the mechanical characterization of the composite material, and finally by a temperature aging test under moist air
Grippon, Edith. "Endommagement et microfissuration d’un composite à matrice céramique tissé 3D : approchemulti-échelle et évaluation ultrasonore". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14908/document.
Testo completoThe non-linear mechanical behaviour of CMC involves the initiation and growth of micro-cracks. Ata macroscopic scale, mechanisms of damage can be associated with changes in the stiffness tensor components.By using an ultrasonic device coupled with a tensile machine, a spectro-interferometry methodallows the characterisation of materials during their damaging and thus, the measurement of the state ofmaterial cracking. Ultrasonic test results have yielded a typical behaviour of the 3D SiC/SiC composite. Twoarrays of multi-scale cracks are detected: i) crack perpendicular to the load, i.e., the transverse cracking, ii)debonding on interfaces yarn / matrix or fibre / matrix. The simultaneous use of ultrasonic characterisationresults and micrographic observations under load lead to make assumptions about the kinetics of crackingof these materials: i) transverse matrix cracking between yarns, ii) superimposed on the transverse crackingof transversal yarns, iii) when those both arrays of cracking saturate, transverse cracking reaches the longitudinalyarns. This microscopic cracking array is coupled to matrix/fibre debonding. The micrographicobservations made during a tensile test have been used to estimate the density of transverse cracking versusthe applied stress. The lengths of the decohesion are not measured but can be estimated by comparisonwith amulti-scale modelling
Grippon, Edith. "Endommagement et microfissuration d'un composite à matrice céramique tissé 3D : approchemulti-échelle et évaluation ultrasonore". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959370.
Testo completoLaveissière-Despetis, Florence. "Etude d'une matrice magnésie pour composite à renfort fibreux tridimensionnel". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20080.
Testo completoEl, Yagoubi Jalal. "Effet de l’endommagement mécanique sur les propriétés thermiques de composites à matrice céramique : approche multiéchelle". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14297/document.
Testo completoIn this work the relationship between the evolution of damage and the loss of thermal propertiesof Ceramic Matrix Composites is investigated by a multiscale approach. Research are conductedboth experimentally and theoretically. The implemented approach is to consider two significantscales (micro and meso) where different damage mechanisms are operating and then assess theeffect on the effective thermal properties by homogenization techniques.Particular attention has been given to the development of a thorough experimental work combiningvarious characterization tools (mechanical, thermal and microstructural). At the two aforementionedscales, an experimental setup was designed to perform thermal measurements onCMC under tensile test. Thermal diffusivity of minicomposites is estimated using Lock-in thermography.Also, tranverse diffusivity mapping as well as global in-plane diffusivity of woven CMCare determined by suitable rear face flash methods. The evolution of damage is then derived fromacoustic emission activity along with postmortem microstructural observations. Experimental resultsare systematically compared to simulations. At microscale, a micromechanical-based modelis used to simulate the loss of thermal conductivity of a minicomposite under tensile test. At mesoscale,a multiscale Finite ElementModel is proposed to compute the effect of damage on thermalproperties of woven CMC
Racle, Elie. "Comportement d'un composite à matrice céramique en fatigue et mise en place d'indicateurs d'endommagement par émission acoustique". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0071.
Testo completoThe full understanding of a ceramic matrix composite under fatigue loading is needed in view of industrial applications. It is necessary to determine the damage mechanisms chronology and to be able to forecast the lifetime of the material in the conditions of use. To reach these purposes, a mechanical characterisation has to be done as well as the definition of damage indicators. It is then interesting to link the analysis of mechanical parameters and microscope observations with a non-destructive monitoring technique. Acoustic emission (AE) appears to be a good candidate to monitor material damage under loading. It makes the quantification and the material damage localisation possible. In this study, indicators based on released acoustic energy are used as "Severity" of signals or "Sentry function" which depends on both acoustic and mechanical energies. This work is organised in two parts. First, the analysis of mechanical parameters behaviour, material microstructure and global evolution of acoustic emission under static and cyclic loading makes the characterisation of the effects of cyclic fatigue on the material possible. The second part consists in determining a damage scenario. First acoustic emission signals are analysed depending on their acquisition during a cycle (loading or unloading). Then the connection between the acoustic emission signals and the different damage mechanisms, using a supervised clustering method, facilitated the estimation of the activation of these different damage mechanisms during cyclic fatigue tests. This study pointed out different damage mechanisms generated by cyclic loading, which are mainly debonding and friction at matrix/fibre and matrix/matrix interfaces. In addition, damage indicators based on acoustic emission enabled to determine characteristic times which can be used for lifetime forecast. For example, signal severity shows a characteristic time between 25% and 45% of the time to ultimate failure. Detection of this time in real-time during a test can be used to estimate the time of the ultimate failure of the material
Maillet, Emmanuel. "Identification des mécanismes d'endommagement et prévision de la durée de vie des composites à matrice céramique par émission acoustique". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0097.
Testo completoCeramic matrix composites (CMCs) are candidates for use in aeronautical applications for which durability and reliability are key factors. Beyond damage characterization, the current objective is to predict structures lifetime in service conditions. This requires quantifying damage evolution and identifying the various damage mechanisms that are involved. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize materials and define suitable damage indicators. The use or development of models would then allow the evaluation of remaining lifetime based on the analysis of precursory events. In this context, Acoustic Emission (AE) is a suitable technique. Indeed, damage mechanisms release energy in the form of transient elastic waves. Their recording, named Acoustic Emission, allows monitoring material damage growth. This technique is used in this work, which is composed of two complementary parts. The first part aims at identifying the acoustic signature of mechanisms involved in damaging of ceramic matrix composites. This would allow an accurate characterization of damage evolution and would provide indicators for rupture prediction. The second part focuses on the evaluation of remaining lifetime under static fatigue loading based on the energy of AE sources as a measure of damage. The following work shows the contribution of acoustic emission for the analysis of mechanical behaviour and lifetime prediction of CMCs. In the first part, a robust characterization of AE sources and the use of multivariate analysis allow monitoring the growth of each damage mechanism. In the second part, two reproducible phases in the behaviour of CMCs under static fatigue are identified on the AE sources energy release by two real-time indicators. The detection of the second phase and modelling of associated energy release by a power law would allow real-time prediction of the remaining lifetime
Saintonge, Arnaud. "Élaboration d’un composite oxyde/oxyde à matrice d'aluminosilicate de baryum et fibres d'alumine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0243.
Testo completoIn the aerospace and defense industry, thermostructural applications require increasingly high-performance materials, combining mechanical strength, refractoriness, and lightness. To meet these demands, all-oxide ceramic matrix composites (OCMC) are considered promising candidates. Among the matrices for these OCMCs, barium aluminosilicate (BAS) stands out due to its advantageous physical properties, particularly as a material for radomes. However, to make this material functional at high temperatures, close to its melting point (1750°C), it is essential to reinforce it with a thermochemically stable material that has an appropriate architecture. Previous theses have successfully mastered the hexagonal phase of BAS. The chemical nature of the reinforcement, which offers the desired stability with BAS, has been identified, and OCMC Al2O3/BAS composites with 1D and 2D fibrous reinforcements have been developed. However, to achieve materials with enhanced properties under severe thermostructural conditions, these OCMCs need to be produced with a "3D" reinforcement architecture. This work focuses on the development of such a composite with a complex (3D) fiber reinforcement architecture and the evaluation of its properties. To achieve this, the research involves studying the sintering of BAS-H to predict its behavior as a matrix, improving its rheological behavior in suspension to facilitate infiltration into the fibrous reinforcement preform, and implementing an impregnation process suitable for 3D reinforcements. Following these studies, the fabrication of OCMC Al2O3/BAS was completed, demonstrating promising characteristics for the intended application
Pailler, Frédéric. "Prévision de la durée de vie à haute température et sous air de composite SiCf/Si-B-Cm". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12808.
Testo completoGeandier, Guillaume. "Relation entre la microstructure, l'état mécanique et la fissuration de cermets alumine chrome élaborés à partir de poudres nanocomposites". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006245.
Testo completoHemon, Elen. "Modèles multi-niveaux de prévision des durées de vie en fatigue des structures composites à matrice céramique pour usage en turbomachines aéronautiques". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020093.
Testo completoAuger, Jean-Marc. "Etude de la frittabilité de composites céramique-métal (alumine-acier inoxydable 316L) - Application à la conception et à l’élaboration de pièces multimatériaux multifonctionnelles architecturées". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0566/document.
Testo completoThis study deals with forming and mechanical properties characterization of structured composites constituted from alumina and 316L stainless steel. Materials obtained can be considered twice composites, as they are made successive layers (structure), each one being a dispersed ceramic/metal composite by itself. The different aspects of this work cover monolithic dispersed composites elaboration through powder metallurgy, architectures mechanical properties determination through both measurements and numerical simulation, and problems linked to layered composites production. Experiments on monolithic composites have evidenced an inhibiting effect linked with carbon presence on alumina densification during sintering. Complex interactions happen between carbon (residues from imperfect debinding), steel (and microstructures thereof) and chromium, resulting in altered densification, which renders elaboration difficult. Mechanical behaviour laws could be obtained for these dispersed composites, using both behaviour homogenization (for plasticity) and analytic models based on experiments (for plasticity). These laws allowed finite elements modelisation of low energy plane versus plane impact tests for varying layered architectures. Comparison with experimental tests showed that layered structures increase impact resistance compared to monolithic composites, and allowed to determine some parameters, like parts thickness, susceptible to improve it. In spite of imperfect connexion between experimental data and numerical simulation, the latter is sufficient in order to optimize architecture choice
Eberling-Fux, Nicolas. "Matériaux composites à matrice nanostructurée dans les systèmes Si-B-C-Ti et Si-B-C-N". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13235.
Testo completoPreiss, Laura. "Nouvelles prothèses intervertébrales en composite céramique : Etude des matériaux, mise en place d'un test multiphysique in vitro et analyse de performances". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI041/document.
Testo completoThis work deals with the development of new intervertebral prostheses, made with ceramics. A whole European project, Longlife, was dedicated to the development of such implants. To achieve this goal, several axes have been followed: the synthesis of a new material, the development of new designs of intervertebral bodies, and the set-up of a new test aimed at reproducing in vitro the different solicitations undergone by an intervertebral implant in vivo. The new material developed is a triphasic composite composed of a matrix of ceria-doped zirconia (insensitive to ageing), a secondary globular phase of α-alumina (to reduce the grain size), and a third, elongated phase composed of strontium aluminates platelets (in order to improve fracture toughness). The first part of this work was to characterize this new material in order to forecast its behaviour under mechanical solicitation, thermal stability and resistance to sterilization. Secondly, the set-up of the new test is exposed. Different steps were chosen (axial fatigue, micro-separation, ageing and wear) in order to reproduce the “real-life” solicitations. To achieve this goal, Finite Elements simulations were performed, allowing the development of specific specimen holders that mimic the fixation of the implants in the vertebrae. The parameters of the test (duration, frequency, medium) were chosen after a details survey of the literature and of standards. At the end, we tested different prototypes trough this new multiphysic assessment set up. As a main result of this thesis, the chosen ceramic composite exhibits a pseudo-plastic behaviour, with a large deformation due to phase transformation before fracture, which is a positive result in the framework of the forecast applications. Moreover, the material doesn’t seem degraded by the sterilization processes. Concerning the multiphysic test, only a few implants resisted it. The design of the implants is a key-point, as well as the geometry (in particular, clearance seems to be critical)
El, Mansouri Amine. "Développement de la technologie CVD à lit fluidisé pour l'enrobage de poudres céramiques par du pyrocarbone". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0052.
Testo completoSiC-matrix composites can be produced by a variety of processing techniques, including the highly flexible chemical vapor infiltration process (CVI). Liquid silicon infiltration and slurry infiltration/hot pressing are less chemically flexible, but yield materials of lower residual porosity and higher thermal conductivity than the CVI process. Th e latter method can be potentially improved by using core-shell particles in the preparation of ceramic slurries. The idea of modifying SiC particles properties by surface treatment appears, then attractive by controlling phenomenon occurs during the infiltration of SiC fibers (containing SiC powders) with the liquid silicon (reactivity, wettability…). In that context, one of the interesting possibilities which has been tested is the fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition process (FB-CVD). The working method is turned to the study of i) fluidization conditions at low and high temperature for each particles used and ii) deposition conditions to obtain carbon films using the propane/nitrogen mixture. Alumina particles of Geldart's group A-B (easy-to-fluidize particles) are firstly treated in order to increase understanding of the process. Then, we worked with submicron-sized SiC powder, which are interesting for the manufacturing of ceramic matrix composite
Dorvaux, Mariette Moevus. "Mécanismes d'endommagement, émission acoustique et durées de vie en fatigue statique du composite SiCf/[Si-B-C] aux températures intermédiaires (<800 °C)". Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0114/these.pdf.
Testo completoThe SiC/[Si-B-C]] composite has been developed for specific applications under high temperatures and corrosive environments. The envisioned applications in civil aircraft engine is require very long lifetimes (20 000 h), which cannot be measured experimental y. New methods are thus necessary to predict lifetimes of this composite. This study aims at determining the damage mechanisms limiting the composite's lifetime at intermediate temperatures. The acoustic emission (AE) technique was used to measure the damage kinetics during Static fatigue experiments. A methodology for AE signals clustering has been developed, in order to separate the signals coming from different damage mechanisms: matrix cracking, interfacial deboning sliding fiber failure. This methodology was first drawn up with ae data recorded during experiments on model materials. Then it has been applied and validated in the case of the 3d composite tested at room temperature. Static fatigue experiments were performed at temperatures in the range [450•c-750•c], in order to Determine short lifetimes and to plot a lifetime diagram as a function of the applied stress. The Degradation mechanisms were analyzed. Several damage indicators were measured during the tests: The strain, the elastic modulus and the number of AE signals. A basic criterion has been proposed for Lifetime prediction: it is possible to detect minimum of the acoustic activity, during a static fatigue experiment, at nearly 60% of the time to failure. The AE signals of fiber failures have been successfully identified. The kinetics of fiber failures could be used to model the composite's degradation and to predict lifetimes
Benazzouk, Louiza. "Approche du comportement dynamique d'un oxyde liquide dans un matériau composite autocicatrisant " MAC "". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984446.
Testo completoMichaud, Bernard. "Etude de l'orientation de fibres céramiques sous champ magnétique : application à l'élaboration de matériaux composites à matrice métallique". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169119.
Testo completoCourtois, Nicolas. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux céramiques à base de zircone pour application dentaire". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0134.
Testo completoYttria-doped tetragonal zirconia ceramics (often referred as Y-TZP) are today of major interest in biomedical and particularly dental applications, due to their excellent combination of strength and aesthetic features. Nevertheless, the moderate toughness of 3Y-TZP, and its still possible low temperature degradation (LTD) leaves space for new materials development. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential benefit of using ceria-doped zirconia (Ce-TZP) based ceramics as an tough, strong and stable alternative to Y-TZP. Ce-TZP generally possesses high toughness, but moderate strength when compared to 3Y-TZP, which is related to a larger grain size. In order to improve the strength of Ce-TZP, three microstructural optimizations have been carried out. First, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) has been used, showing a good potential for the development of nanostructured materials, which can be dense and mainly tetragonal, but aesthetically incompatible with a dental application. Cerium reduction effects on color and phase repartition have been studied. Adding a second step of conventional sintering in air has led to fully dense submicron 12Ce-TZP with acceptable color, but unsufficient strengthening. In a second step, a conventional composite approach has been used, by mixing commercial powders. The most striking result is certainly the uncommon combination of mechanical properties (Sigma R = 900 MPa, KIc > 15MPa.m1/2) obtained in the system 10Ce-TZP/MgAl2O4, together with a long term stability in presence of water. Pilot scale processing of this material has been set up by mean of ultrasonic spray-drying. Finally, a third research axis has been devoted to the synthesis of composite powders based on Ce-TZP, in one step. This work has shown that a very close mix of two phases can be obtained par soft chemistry methods in a composite powder. Nanostructured materials can be obtained from these powders, which properties could exceed those of conventional composites
Marchais, Alexandre. "Etude des mécanismes de montée capillaire du silicium liquide au sein d'une préforme en carbure de silicium". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0025.
Testo completoThe development of aeronautic engines increased the need in high temperature SiC/SiC composite researches. A standard way to proceed is to infiltrate the matrix by chemical vapor infiltration. Due to their high porosity, their thermal conductivity is generally low. This could lead to strong thermal gradients and an early failure in a harsh environment. To reduce porosity, an alternative process can be used: the infiltration of molten silicon (MI: Melt Infiltration). The aim of this work is to understand all mechanisms occurring during the infiltration of silicon in a fibrous preform composed of SiC Hi-Nicalon S fibers. This process needs a first step which consists in the introduction of SiC particles into the preform before the MI process.First, this work focused on the definition of the porous structure of studied materials and capillarity tests using wetting organic solvent. With the use of Washburn’s law, it was possible to identify pore sizes within the fibrous preform and the granular matrix, and so to predict the capillarity ascent graphs of molten silicon into our material. A second part was devoted to the conception of an infiltration furnace which allows in situ following of the samples weight gain. The correlation between graphs obtained with the Washburn model and the experimental process could be established. Finally, the last part of this work presents partial infiltrations of molten silicon into studied materials which permit to identify capillary mechanisms occurring during the MI process
Guel, Nicolas. "Comportement mécanique de composites oxydes : Relations procédé-microstructure-propriétés". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI104/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is the fine understanding on the influence of the microstructure on oxide-based ceramic matrix composites mechanical properties. These materials are good candidate for new generation of civil aircraft engines. The aim of this work is to establish a relationship between the microstructural defects generated by the manufacturing process and the mechanical behavior of the composite. These heterogeneities seem to influence the appearance and the propagation of damage mechanisms. This study is realized on three kinds of bi-dimensional oxide composites generated from three different manufacturing processes. These processes create three kinds of microstructure. Porosimetric and μ-tomographic analyses allow estimating the distribution of microstructural defects and establish typical microstructure of each oxide composite. Based on these preliminary analyses, mechanical behavior of each kind of oxide composites is studied through several representative scales. On the one hand, mechanical tensile tests are carried out in order to estimate the mechanical properties of the studied materials in the weaving plane. On the other hand, the implementation of in-situ mechanical tests allows the visualization of damage mechanisms appearance and propagation. These observations improve the understanding of the role of microstructural defects on the activation of damage mechanisms. Damage kinetics of each mechanical test are inspected through AE (Acoustic emission) analysis. This monitoring helps to link mechanical behavior with microstructural damage. In parallel with global AE analysis, AE clustering is achieved. These classifications are based on two kinds of AE sensor with different properties. Data fusion from the two sensors is accomplished. This technique allows more robust AE clustering. Cluster labelling is proposed thanks to damage mechanisms observed during in-situ mechanical tests. Damage scenarios are set up owing to macroscopic mechanical test, in-situ analysis and AE labelling. Thus, it is possible to establish the influence of each kind of microstructural defect on oxide-based CMCs mechanical behavior