Tesi sul tema "Composés semi-conducteurs"
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Ben, Mahmoud Aroussi. "Ingénierie des défauts dans les matériaux semi-conducteurs II-VI : application aux semi-conducteurs photoréfractifs ZnCdTe:V et aux semi-conducteurs magnétiques ZnMnO et ZnCoO". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066596.
Testo completoBulk ZnCdTe crystals and ZnTMO (TM = 3d transition metal) thin films are promising photorefractive and magnetic materials respectively with defect mediated properties. We have studied the role of V doping for the properties of ZnCdTe and their modification by an intrinsic, native defect. The intrinsic defect previously attributed to the Te vacancy is assigned to a Te antisite. Recent predictions of high temperature ferromagnetism (FM) in ZnO:(Mn, Co) have been tested by EPR spectroscopy. Our results for n-type (1018cm−3) Zn1−xMnxO ( 0. 01< x < 0. 34 ) films grown by MOCVD show intrinsic AF interactions only. They contradict recent claims of intrinsic high temperature FM in this system. In the narrow concentration range x 0. 03, FM interactions have been observed and modelled by a magnetic polaron effect. The EPR study of ferromagnetic, highly doped ZnCoO films with [Co] = 0. 25 grown by PLD allows us to assign the FM to the presence of metallic nanoclusters apparently not detectable in XRD. Titre
Savoyant, Adrien. "Anisotropie magnétique des semi-conducteurs II-VI dopés au manganèse". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30021.
Testo completoThis thesis is a theoretical study of ionic and exchange magnetic amsetropyof Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors (DMS), materials for spintronics. We have checked the various numerical and analytical approaches undertook before in order to calculate the single ion anisotropy of S-state transition ions (Cr+, Mn2+, Fe3+), and then have developed a realistic microscopic model of an S ion in a II-VI semiconductor, taking in account the electrostatic interaction with the whole crystal, hybridization of S ion 3d electrons with those of the nearest neighbors, spin-orbit interaction and iallia. D Coulomb repulsion. A realistic Hamiltonian for Mn2+ magnetic impurities has then been written and its eigenvalues have been exactly obtained by a F95 numerical code and approximatively by fourth order perturbation theory. We then have applied our model to the three wurtzite II-VI DMS doped by manganese, ZnO :Mn, CdS :Mn et OdSe :Mn. Our results are in good agreement with the EPR measurements of ionic anisotropy and a correlation between hybridization and deformation is suggested. We then have been interested by the antiferromagnetic superexchange between magnetic ions in insulators. A fourth order perfurbation theory allowed us to calculate the superexchange constants of an Mn2+ pair in II-VI DMS. Results are in good agreements with Magnetization Step (MST) and Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) experiments. By the way, we have been able to explain the observation of two nearest neighbors exchange constants in wurtzite DMS by a ferromagnetic Ring Exchange process, only presents for out-of-(hexagonal) plane pairs. The Goodenough-Kanamori rule has then been precised for the 3d5 ions
Benlarbi, Mouhssine. "Étude de composites conducteurs et semi-conducteurs : transducteurs électrochimiques pour biocapteurs". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10074/document.
Testo completoThe first part of this study report the development of semiconducting composites consisting ofsemiconducting nano-objects (N doped, P doped silicon or metals oxides, ZnO, SnO2, NiO) held together inan insulating polymeric matrix and exhibiting typical semiconductor impedance signals according to thecharge used and with clear differentiation between the two fundamental type of semiconductor, n-type and ptype.This new composites have been used as screen-printing ink. Electrodes on various substrates (PVC,glass) have been successfully prepared following this cost-effective method. Surface functionalization ofthese electrodes by chemicals compounds and biomolecules was studied using impedance spectroscopy andchemiluminescent detection in order to assess their integration as electrochemical transducers in sensorsand biosensors microdevices.The second part of this work consisted in photopatternable conductive composite elaboration using a simpleand straightforward route based on SU-8 epoxy-based negative photoresist matrix mixed with carbon filler.The electrodes, obtained by the classical photolithography method, and after an electrochemical pretreatment,exhibited very good electrochemical behaviors, opening the path to various electrochemicaldetections and grafting possibilities. Finally, the direct electrografting of biomolecules was demonstratedusing aniline modified oligonucleotide probes. The grafted probes were shown to be available for targethybridization and the material compatible with a chemiluminescent detection of the interactions between theimmobilized single stranded DNA and its complementary sequence in a 100 pM to 200 nM range
Erades, Laurent. "Nanoparticules d'oxydes semi-conducteurs : synthèse, caractérisation et application à la détection sélective de gaz". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30031.
Testo completoRoquet, Sophie. "Semi-conducteurs organiques dérivés de systèmes conjugués bi et tridimensionnels : de la molécule au dispositif". Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0045.
Testo completoThis work deals with the synthesis of different series of two and three-dimensional conjugated systems in order to lead to new classes of organic semiconductor materials with isotropic optical and charge transport properties. A first part is devoted to the synthesis of conjugated systems derived from 3,4-phenylenedioxythiophene in order to obtain soluble polymers and oligomers analogous to poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) but without sp3 carbons. The bulk of this work describes the synthesis of different series of molecules of three-dimensional structure built by fixing linear conjugated systems on a central node (silicon, carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen). On the basis of the analysis of the electronic and physicochemical properties of these different classes of compounds, the systems derived from triphenylamine have been the subject of a more advanced synthesis work and several of these compounds have been used as a material. Active for the realization of organic devices such as field effect transistors and solar cells
Almoussawi, Batoul. "Semi-conducteurs innovants par ingénierie du band gap et manipulation anionique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDSMRE/2021/2021LILUR043.pdf.
Testo completoMixed anions compounds may allow to reach structures and properties inaccessible in the case of single anion phases, which provide great opportunities for exploratory research of functional mixed anions compounds. One major interest of mixing anions in a phase is the band gap engineering by controlling the contribution of anionic orbitals at the top of the valence band, hence controlling the electronic structure and the properties. In addition, heteroleptic environments around a cation (directly surrounded by at least two types of anions) makes it possible to accentuate the acentric character of a structural entity, and therefore the polarity in the case of a polar arrangement comparing to a mono-anionic analogue. These two aspects combined, i.e. band gap engineering and local acentric character both reached with multiple anions, are powerful to control and exacerbate various properties. With the aim to reach such environments in innovative mixed anion phases and study their physical and chemical properties, several series of potential materials were formulated based on interesting mixed anion building blocks and their synthesis attempted. In this work, a wide variety of new systems are presented, including some unusual environments and properties: Non-linear optical properties, magnetic properties and photoelectric properties . Among these compounds, a large series of new compounds, including Ba5(VO2S2)2(S2)2, characterized by heteroleptic thiovanadates (VO2S2, VO3S, VOS3) and the presence of dichalcogenide pairs are described. From those building blocks, our strategy to reach polar phases was successful with one of those compounds showing interesting non-linear optical properties (SHG). Also, a series of versatile halide-thiovanadates phases (halide= F, Cl and I) could also be developed and proves the appearance of a photoelectric current under visible light. In addition, their calculated bands alignment with respect to H2 and O2 evolution reactions makes them potential candidates for photocatalysis of water-splitting under visible light. On another hand, the first Fresnoite oxysulfide (polar) with SHG properties is also presented. Finally, magnetic phases were also developed like the non-centrosymmetric Ba10Fe7.75Zn5.25S18Si3O12, with (Fe/Zn)3O mixed anion tetrahedra involved in an original large magnetic cluster as elementary block. Those series of compounds are discussed with combination of DFT calculations in order to deliver a comprehension of their structure-properties relationships to help further design functional mixed anion materials
Couderc, Elsa. "Transport de charge dans des matériaux hybrides composés de polymères π -conjugués et de nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716390.
Testo completoPagoaga, Bernard. "Synthèse de nouveaux matériaux semi-conducteurs dérivés du pérylène pour l'électronique organique". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS020/document.
Testo completoThis study deals with the synthesis of perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide derivatives and their use as semi-conductors for organic electronics, and more specifically for the realization of organic field-effect transistors. The goals of this study are the synthesis of perylene derivatives, using halogenation reactions or Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, and the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors.In the first part of the work, a wide variety of perylene derivatives has been obtained and fully characterized. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies have been performed to determine energy levels of the frontier orbitals.In the second part, the making of organic field-effect transistors was realized, beginning with the research of optimal conditions for ink formulation, deposition and annealing of the film. Then those devices have been characterized by measuring the source-drain current.Keywords: semi-conductor, perylene, organic field-effect transistor, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, ink jet printing
Prioleau, Christel. "Effet tunnel photonique appliqué à la caractérisation des semi-conducteurs III-V et à la microconnexion". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20075.
Testo completoBoulouz, Abdellah. "Caractérisation de matériaux thermoélectriques à base de semi-conducteurs V2-VI3 déposés par MOCVD : Réalisation de micromodules Peltier et de capteurs thermoélectriques". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20103.
Testo completoDehaese, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude d'interfaces de semi-conducteurs III-V par spectroscopies de photoélectrons : cas de l'interface GaAs-GaInP". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10099.
Testo completoUne tres longue interruption de croissance a l'interface élimine le mélange. L'interface GaInP sur GaAs est alors quasiment abrupte dans la limite d'une faible ségrégation de l'arsenic. La faiblesse des effets intrinsèques est confirmée par la dégradation lente d'une surface de GaAs sous un flux de phosphore a 500 °C. Il faut plusieurs minutes pour former une couche contrainte de 4 a 5 monocouches de GaAsp. Il apparaît alors une rugosité de surface avec le développement de facettes. Enfin nos premiers résultats sur l'interface GaAs sur GaInP suggèrent une modulation d'épaisseur a longue échelle de la couche superficielle. L'existence et le rôle d'un mélange des gaz entraînant l'incorporation de phosphore dans GaAs restent a déterminer
Benhida, Abdelnajid. "Etude de l'interaction d'échange entre ions magnétiques et électrons de bandes au centre de la zone de Brillouin dans les semi-conducteurs semi-magnétiques CD#1##XMN#XTE, ZN#1##XMN#XTE ET HG#ZCD#XMN#YTE". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20131.
Testo completoParrochon, Johann. "Supervision de la pression des effluents gazeux dans des équipements semi-conducteurs sous vide". Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS007.
Testo completoThis work aims at improving equipments used for the microelectronics ; in this case, vacuum pumps manufactured by ADIXEN. Two subjects, which are both related to the use of a variable speed pump, have been studied: a) quality management during the fabrication of integrated circuits, by means of the process chamber pressure regulation, b) recycling of the fluorine gag used for the cleaning of Silicon Oxyde deposition chambers. The first subject deals with pressure regulation by variations in the pump speed, in contrast to the standard way of the regulation by mechanical movements of a valve. We tried to make the variable speed regulation adaptable to every kind of equipment and customer process, by systematising the identification procedure of the pressure dynamical behaviour, and use this procedure to model the whole system. The identification determines a local linear model by means of Random Binary Series, used with the Matlab's Box-Jenkins function. The global modelling relies on the Design of Experiments Method, which enables us to study a large amount of parameters and action variables, expected to have an impact on the pressure dynamics, and thereafter create a procedure to adapt the model to any customer equipment. The second subject aims at making a fluorine gag recycling system, dedicated to the SiO2 deposition chamber clean. Actually, more than 80% of the cleaning species are not being used during the cleaning, and hence are lost. The idea is to rècover this unused part at the chamber exhaust, and inject it back into the chamber, after trapping the chemical reaction by-products. This is a difficult task because as fluorine is a dangerous gag, we had to make the system such as to keep the pressure as low as possible, without preventing the flow control which is essential to match the clean standard conditions
Boiton, Philippe. "Etude du procédé Bridgman vertical appliqué à la croissance de monocristaux semi-conducteurs III-V "grand diamètre"". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20050.
Testo completoBorniol, Mervyn de. "Photosensibilisation d'oxydes semi-conducteurs par des dérivés organostanniques du pérylène -3,4-dicarboximideApplication à la conversion photovoltaïque". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13310.
Testo completoNoun, Wafaa. "Magnétisme et transport dans des films minces d'oxydes magnétiques hors stœchiométrie : une nouvelle voie vers les semi-conducteurs magnétiques ?" Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0019.
Testo completoThis thesis is dedicated to the development of new magnetic semiconductor materials for applications in the field of spintronics. The ultimate goal is to transform an insulating magnetic oxide into semiconductor while preserving its magnetic properties. In the present work it is shown that turning material stoichiometry, it is possible to create oxygen or cation vacancies in material which result in a change of carriers type into "n" or "p". Non-stoichiometric thin films are prepared by pulsed laser deposition. This thesis summarises research on three materials with different properties: (i) study in-situ and without contact of the optical and electric properties of lanthanum nikelate LaNiO3±δ (LNO), used as a basic electrode to investigate the electric properties in insulating or semiconductor magnetic films; (ii) study of the influence of the oxygen pressure variation on the physical properties of the yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12±δ (YIG) and of the yttrium iron orthoferrite YFeO3±δ (YFO). The latter was also doped by Zr and Cu to realize a magnetic semiconductor of "n" and "p" type respectively
Teppe, Frédéric. "Dynamique de spin dans des hétérostructures de semi-conducteurs II-VI magnétiques et non-magnétiques étudiée par effet Kerr magnéto-optique résolu en temps". Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20157.
Testo completoDhellemmes, Sébastien. "Contribution à l'étude de l'épitaxie par jets moléculaires à grande échelle de semi-conducteurs phosphorés". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087202.
Testo completoPlusieurs aspects de l'EJM de composés phosphorés ont été étudiés dans un bâti de grand volume. Les interfaces phosphures sur arséniures ont été caractérisées au moyen d'une structure HEMT sensible à la qualité de l'interface. Les propriétés électriques de ces structures sont comparables à celles mesurées sur des couches élaborées dans un bâti d'EJM de recherche. L'effet mémoire du bâti est faible, et des interfaces de bonne qualité peuvent être obtenues pour des arrêts de croissance courts voire nuls. Le fort dopage « p » de l'InGaAs, point important de la réalisation des transistors bipolaires à hétérojonction, a été réalisé au moyen d'une source de CBr4. La diffusion des dopants est faible et la jonction p-n obtenue est proche de l'idéalité.
Les flux de cellules d'EJM ont été modélisés par la méthode de Monte Carlo. Les cellules coniques permettent d'obtenir une bonne uniformité avec des variations inférieures à +/- 1% sur l'ensemble du plateau porte-substrats mais souffrent d'une chute rapide du flux lorsque le remplissage diminue. Les cellules cylindriques munies d'un insert permettent d'atteindre une bonne stabilité du flux en intensité mais le flux devient plus directif à mesure que le niveau baisse.
Mallet, Charlotte. "Nouveaux semi-conducteurs organiques à base de motifs furylène-vinylènes ou de systèmes condensés dérivés du benzofurane et du benzothiénothiophène". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575889.
Testo completoBouchet, Stéphanie. "Contribution à l'étude de la croissance par transport en phase gazeuse des semi-conducteurs Pb0,8Sn0,2Te et GaAs dans un environnement de gravité réduite : expériences MF095 du programme Eureca-1 : aspects thermodynamique et hydrodynamique". Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10549.
Testo completoScidone, Lionel. "Contributions à la synthèse par voie de films de type Bi2Te3". Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Scidone.Lionel.SMZ0626.pdf.
Testo completoThe Bismuth Telluride and the ternary derivative compounds develop optimal thermoelectric properties in the range of the ambient temperatures leading to many applications in the field of the transfer of heat or direct thermal generation of electricity. A new way of synthesis of this material was based on the action of various soluble or metal reducing agents on solutions sources of BiIII and TeIV in nitric medium. If the soluble reducers tested do not prove their efficacity, it appeared on the contrary that the film formation of Bi2Te3 can be obtained by displacement by many metals in particular Ni, Bi, Sn, Pb, Fe, Zn. A powerful mode of synthesis was defined by engaging nickel either in massive form or in the form of films. Single-phase, homogeneous and coherent coatings were obtained with a thickness of 5 µm for an immersion of 2 hours in the solution source. Thin films of 160 nm were also carried out starting from the total conversion of 100 nm nickel deposited in a glass substrate. These thermoelectric pre-films lend themselves then to a complementary development by electrochemistry. In this manner, it was set up the elements of a first experimental device, on 2 junctions p-n, a thermoelectric capacity of 700 µV. K-1. This work opens a new way for the simple and not very expensive development of thermoelectric modules
Bramerie, Laurent. "Étude de la régénération optique dans les systèmes de transmissions à très haut débit". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN1E004.
Testo completoHao, Junjie. "Revisiter la chiralité induite et la photodéposition d'or sur des semi-conducteurs CdSe/CdS possédant différentes morphologies contrôlées". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0186.
Testo completoControlled morphologies of traditional cadmium-based II–VI semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are presented. Different morphologies can be achieved by using the tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP) extraction and purification process, such as nanodots, nanoflowers, tadpoles, dot-in-rods and tetrapods. CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods (DRs) were specifically chosen for the further study on chirality and photodeposition due to its potential ligand-induced chirality and catalytic performances. The mechanism of ligand-induced chiral transmission was studied by the top-down selective domain etching process. The results showed that when comparing the chirality signals of an individual nanoparticle, the shell layer had a negative correlation with the first exciton peak chirality, but positive correlation with the shell absorption chirality. We present the induced chirality circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals in CdSe/CdS nanoplates (NPLs) synthesized by a one-pot approach for the first time. The ligand induced chirality of semiconductor nanocrystals with different morphologies are further studied, and the observed circular dichroism (CD) and CPL activities are closely associated to the geometrical characters of the nanostructures such as the shell thickness and the aspect ratio of the CdSe/CdS Tadpoles. Finally, the laser-induced photodeposition growth mechanism of gold nanocrystals onto preformed CdSe@CdS dot-in-rods (DRs) is presented. The hybrid NPs (HNPs) Au-CdSe/CdS are achieved by using a blue-laser light. The effects of the hole scavenger for the synthesis of single-tipped HNPs are studied deeply for the first time. Additionally, other parameters are also studied, such as the irradiation intensity, the deposition time, the Au/DRs ratio and so on. Our results compare quite well with a model developed for the growth of single Au nanocrystal
Valdenaire, Alix. "Étude de l’insertion de dopants dans des nano-objets semi-conducteurs du groupe IV : de l’hyperdopage aux alliages lamellaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0308.
Testo completoThis thesis concerns the study of the structural and optical properties in P-doped SiO/ SiO₂ multilayers and thin layers of SiP and GeP. They are prepared by evaporation under ultrahigh vacuum. After annealing, Si nanocrystals formation is observed in P-doped SiO/ SiO₂ multilayers. P atoms are mainly located in Si nanocrystals’ core with concentrations reaching up to 10 at.%, i.e. well beyond the solid solubility limit of P in bulk Si. Infrared absorption measurements give evidence of a localized surface plasmon resonance. The variation of phosphorus concentration allows to tune its position. Simulations, based on the Mie theory, permit to determine both the free charge carrier density, from which a dopant activation rate of about 5% is obtained, as well as the mobility of about 23,5 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹.To prevent the phosphorus desorption and diffusion in the Si substrate, the Si:P thin film is grown between two 20nm thick SiO₂ layers. The SiP compound formation is observed after an annealing process higher than 950°C. SiP crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure in the Cmc2₁ space group. The thin films are composed of SiP grains with a size close to the micrometer scale which coexist with Si grains containing 1 to 2% of phosphorus. The lamellar structure of SiP was identified. The first liquid phase exfoliation test was performed after an etching to remove SiO₂ surface layer and the doped silicon. It is shown that it is possible to detach SiP flakes from the Si substrate. The GeP compound, which is obtained after a 500°C annealing, crystallizes in a monoclinic structure in the C2/m space group. The thin films are mainly composed of GeP grains which coexist with small Ge grains close to the surface. As SiP, GeP is lamellar and the liquid phase exfoliation leads to GeP flakes tear off from the Si substrate
Tlili, Sabrine. "Etude des cinétiques et des équilibres d'adsorption des composés organiques volatils et semi-volatils présents dans l'atmosphère des salles blanches sur les composants microélectroniques en cours de fabrication". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4806.
Testo completoAs semiconductor devices become smaller, it is increasingly important to reduce the degree of organic contamination in the areas where such devices are produced. It has been shown that cleanrooms are indispensable to provide a suitable environment for processing semiconductor devices. However, at present time there is no technology for controlling the contamination with volatile organic compounds (VOC), and even in such an environment, the wafers are exposed to VOC. A new experimental approach has been developed in our laboratory in order to follow the adsorption and desorption processes of volatile and semi volatiles organic compounds on silicon wafer surfaces. This unique setup is based on three principal components: a stable gas-phase generator, a flow tube reactor, and a proton-transfer-reaction–mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) analytical device to monitor the VOC. The adsorption behavior of five the most abundant VOCs in the cleanroom environment (isopropanol, acetone, xylene, ethyl acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate) and three semi volatile organic compounds (diethylphtalate, tri-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate and tri-(2-cloropropyl)-phosphate) on silicon wafer surface was studied. The kinetic parameters were determined and correlations between the gas phase concentrations and the surface densities of the organic contaminants were established. By comparing the adsorption properties of the studied compounds, it has been demonstrated that time dependant changes in the surface concentration of the organic species are governed by desorption constants, kdes. Moreover, kdes was found to be dependent on the molecular weight of the studied organics
Regrettier, Thomas. "Modulateurs de lumière à commande optique composés d'une couche photovoltaïque organique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD038.
Testo completoThe performances of liquid crystals (LCs) based optically addressed Spatial Light Modulators (OASLMs) strongly depends on the photosensitive layer properties. To accommodate device transparency, lateral resolution and low cost production, organic semiconductors appear as the ideal candidates. We chose to use a P3HT: PCBM blend as the photosensitive layer. Our results showed that the liquid crystals reorient according to the luminous intensity alone and without external power supply. Additional measurements indicate that the photovoltaic effect is at the origin of this phenomenon. This type of device allowed spatial modulation of the LCs orientation and demonstrates its potential in holographic applications. A second type of device integrating interfacial layers of PEIE and PEDOT: PSS allowed us to control the orientation of the LCs and gives promising routes towards the design of self-sustainable OASLMs
Srour, Hussein. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de photodétecteurs ultraviolets "Solar-blind" à base de nouveaux alliages BAlGaN". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0058/document.
Testo completoRecent developments in III-N material growth technology such as GaN and AlGaN made possible to fabricate high performance solar-blind Schottky, and metal-semiconductor-metal based photodetectors operating in the ultraviolet range -based photodetectors. While GaN and AlGaN have low noise and fast response times, the lack of high internal gain is a limitation for their use in applications that require high sensitivity photodetectors. In this work, we have designed and fabricated BAlGaN-based photodetectors. For this, several BGaN monolayer and superlattices were grown using MOVPE and lithography processes followed by a full characterization of their electrical and electro-optical properties. We show that these new BAlGaN alloys have tremendous impact on the performance of these photodetectors. We were able to achieve photodetectors with large internal gain (up to 3x105) and thus improved sensitivity, low dark current (up to nine orders of magnitude lower compared to our own GaN-based photodetectors), tunable cut-off wavelength in the 260-380 nm range, and more than two orders of magnitude reduction in the response time compared to our own GaN-based photodetectors. Finally, we propose an interpretation, based on the existence of deep level electron and hole traps, to explain the different mechanisms at the origin of the internal gain in these new structure
Lucas, Fabien. "Systèmes π-conjugués pour l'électronique organique : composés donneur-spiro-accepteur et anneaux moléculaires". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S042.
Testo completoOrganic electronics is a field of research dealing with the development of new technologies based on organic semiconductor materials (OSCs). In general, two approaches are used for the molecular design of OSCs. The first approach consists in assembling efficient molecular fragments, in order to synthesize functional materials for a specific application such as phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The second approach is more risky as it aims to develop new molecular fragments which may have one or several desired properties for a given application. In this thesis work, both approaches have been developed. On the one hand, we have developed host materials for PhOLEDs by adjusting their properties (first approach), and, on the other hand, we have been interested in a new generation of OSCs: molecular nanorings (second approach). In a first part, within the framework of developing new host matrices for simplified PhOLEDs so called single-layer, we will present a study of two families of SCOs based on a Donor-spiro-A-acceptor molecular design. This work has enabled to reach the, green and blue PhOLEDs displaying the highest overall performances ever reported in literature. In a second part, after a detailed bibliographical study on the synthesis and on the singular properties of nanorings, we will present our investigations in the field of nanorings. We report herein the synthesis and the study of two families of molecular nanorings constructed with carbazole units. This work allowed us to incorporate for the first time molecular nanorings in organic field-effect transistors in order to study their transport properties
Medjnoun, Kahina. "Etude et réalisation de semi conducteurs transparents ZnO dopé vanadium et oxyde de vanadium en couches minces pour des applications photovoltaïques". Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0020.
Testo completoOur research work has been performed with the aim of developing new transparent semiconductor nanomaterials of ZnxV1-xO alloys in nanostructured thin films for applications in optoelectronic devices and in particular in photovoltaic cells in CIGS based thin films. Our main objective is to realize buffer layers/window layers based on materials not containing cadmium, aluminum nor indium, such as ZnxV1-xO at respectively high and low vanadium concentration. The originality of my work is in the realization, starting from the same deposition process, of two elements of the CIGS cell using the PVD (rf-magnetron sputtering) technique, in which the sputtering targets are based on nanocrystalline powders previously synthesized by the sol-gel process. This elaboration method gives rise to a significant decrease in the production cost. In order to achieve this, first of all structural, morphological, optical and electrical characterization of the thin films have been carried out and their physical parameters have been measured in order to determine the optimal conditions of deposition for the desired films. The obtained results exhibit that vanadium concentrations of 20% and 1% are respectively suitable for realizing the desired buffer layers and Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCO). Finally, in order to anticipate and improve the photovoltaic parameters, a new architecture of photovoltaic structure of the type Glass/(n+)Zn0.99V0.01O/(n)Zn0.80V0.20O/(p)Cu(In,Ga)Se2 /Mo has been defined and modeled by simulation using the experimental data already obtained. This work has allowed us to define the criteria which the CIGS absorber must respect in order to obtain the best conversion efficiency of the proposed cell
Roncin, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude de fonctions optiques à base d'amplificateurs optiques à semi-conducteurs pour la régénération des signaux de télécommunication à très haut débit". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00230524.
Testo completo- La remise en forme d'impulsions optiques améliorant le taux d'extinction, par mélange à quatre ondes dans les amplificateurs à semi-conducteurs (SOA)
- La réalisation et la caractérisation de deux fonctions optiques non-linéaires à base de semi-conducteurs pour la régénération des signaux supérieurs à 10 Gbit/s : le Double-Etage de SOA et le miroir optique non-linéaire à base de SOA (NOLM-SOA). Les résultats présentés dans la thèse sont obtenus à partir des simulations et de mesures expérimentales en environnement système.
Le, Cren Elodie. "Etude de Composants Absorbants Saturables à Semi-Conducteurs à Multi-Puits Quantiques Dopés au Fer pour la Régénération de Signaux Optiques à Très Hauts Débits d'Information". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258390.
Testo completoLe, Cren Elodie. "Etude de composants absorbants saturables à semi-conducteurs à multi-puits quantiques dopés au fer pour la régénération de signaux optiques à très hauts débits d'information". Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10159.
Testo completoLéon, Adèle. "Influence des dopants plomb et étain sur les propriétés thermoélectriques de l’isolant topologique quasi-2D Bi₂Te₂Se". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0102.
Testo completoThe race for renewable energies and the competition for diminishing energy waste lead to the development of alternative energy recovery technologies, such as thermoelectricity. Bismuth telluride Bi₂Te₃ embodies the most used semi-conductor for near-room temperature applications but its ternary counterpart Bi₂Te₂Se, named kawazulite, has aroused a renewed interest thanks to its lower thermal conductivity and its complex band structure. The lack of detailed studies on its transport properties along with the theoretically predicted possibility to induce a resonant level make this compound a promising area of research. This work reports on an in-depth experimental study of polycrystalline kawazulite samples through a combination of chemico-physical characterization techniques (XRD, SEM, TEM, DSC, EPMA, Mossbauer spectroscopy) and the measurement of their transport properties (Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, Hall effect and thermal conductivity) over a large temperature range (5-700 K). Preliminary results conclude that the pseudo-binary phase diagram Bi₂Te₃-Bi₂Se₃ is a complete solid-solution around Bi₂Te₂Se compound, for T≥400 K. The influence of two dopants, lead and tin, on the transport properties of Bi₂Te₂Se was then investigated. The acceptor behaviour of lead has been proven. The addition of Pb transfers the chemical potential towards the edges of the valence bands, without significantly changing their shapes, in agreement with KKR-CPA band structure calculations. However, the number of holes given per lead atom deviates from the ionic model, raising questions on the Hall factor value rH and revealing complex defect formation mechanisms, like the creation of PbBi₂Te₄ defects. Electronic band structure calculations were processed by our polish collaborator, Pr. Bartlomiej Wiendlocha. The results forecasted a resonant level formed by tin near the edges of Bi₂Te₂Se valence bands. The concomitant use of tin and lead dopants allowed the study of this electronic region. Even if the electrical resistivity behaviour at low temperature follows what was reported in the literature, the temperature dependence of the Hall mobility and the carrier concentration of some samples revealed the presence of an impurity band, suggesting the non-resonant nature of lead in Bi₂Te₂Se. Those two properties recover their normal temperature dependence when highly doped with Pb, indicating that the chemical potential crossed the impurity band, which is probably located at the edges of the valence bands but yet inside the bulk band gap
Zhao, Fenghuan. "Synthèse d'hétérostructures métal-semiconducteur par photodéposition laser". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0229.
Testo completoCuvette setup with UV and blue laser as light sources are built to perform photodeposition of metals nanodots (NDs) onto TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and Janus-typed Cu2-xS-CuInS2 nano-heterostructures in aqueous and organic solution respectively. Three different metal NDs, i.e., Au, Ag, Pd, are introduced on the surface of TiO2 NPs, and Au NDs are deposited on Cu2-xS/CuInS2. Several techniques, including TEM/HRTEM, EDS mapping, and UV-vis spectroscopy, are performed to characterize the size, morphology, and distribution of the metal NDs. Au-TiO2 nanoheterodimers (NHDs)are successfully synthesized and a close to 100% yield of Au-TiO2 NHDs is achieved by managing the concentration of TiO2 NPs and gold precursor.Especially, the adsorption mechanism of methanol and gold precursor on TiO2 during photodeposition is investigated. By comparing the experimental data obtained in microchannels and cuvette setups, the established model describes the overall dynamic process of Au ND growth on TiO2 from 1/3 growth state to completion. The final size of Au NDs can be accurately predicted by the model in particular the growth completion. In addition, other metal Ag and Pd NPs were deposited on the surface of TiO2, and Ag-TiO2 and Pd-TiO2 NHDs are also synthesized. The effects of the hole scavenger,laser power, and exposure time on the size, and distribution of metal NDs are investigated. Moreover, the growths of Ag and Pd NDs both follow the proposed model for Au growth. The project is extended to bimetallic core-shell NDs photodeposition and Au, Ag and Pd are introduced on Au-TiO2 NHDs by a second step photodeposition, forming a core-shell structure on the surface of TiO2 NPs. For the Au@Au core@shell, the Au shell can be precisely controlled by varying the gold precursor concentration and the size and thickness of the Au core and shell pretty much fit our expectations.For the Au@Ag system, the Ag shell obtained is limited to around 1 nm thickness which results from the low electronegativity of Ag (1.9) compared to other Au (2.4). For the Au@Pd system, Pd shows a non-isotropic growth on the Au core resulting in a nonuniform Pd shell due to the big lattice mismatch between Au and Pd. Finally, Au NDs are introduced onto Cu2-xS/CuInS2 heteronanorods by photodeposition in toluene with a blue laser.The nucleation and growth of Au NDs are studied and the geometric distribution (e.g., number and location) of Au NDs, as well as their sizes, can be well controlled by tuning laser power, exposure time, hole scavengers, and precursors concentration
Brouillac, Clément. "Systèmes π-conjugués donneur-accepteur : composés spiro et nano anneaux pour des diodes organiques électrophosphorescentes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENS097.
Testo completoOrganic electronics (EO) is based on organic semiconductors (OSCs). Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are among the most mature EO technologies and are already present in our smartphones, computers and televisions. During this thesis, we were particularly interested in the development of host materials for the second generation of OLEDs: organic electrophosphorescent diodes (PhOLEDs). Two different molecular designs have been elaborated with two different objectives. The first objective was to develop new host materials using the Donor-spiro-Acceptor architecture for single-layer PhOLEDs, which are simplified devices using only the electrodes and the emissive layer. This work has enabled the fabrication of single-layer PhOLEDs in the three colours present in a pixel (red, green and blue) and in the colours used for lighting (yellow and white). Device performance records have been obtained. The second objective was to develop new SCOs, with a cylindric shape, called nanohoops. After a bibliographic chapter analysing the performance of nanohoops in EO, we present a structure/properties study of Donor-Acceptor nanohoops. This work enabled us to gain a better understanding of the unique properties of these carbazole-based nanohoops, which were then incorporated into multilayer PhOLEDs to measure their performances. This work provides the first exemples of the field
Amor, Sarrah. "Étude des défauts dans les alliages de semi-conducteurs à grand gap B(AlGa)N et de leur rôle dans les propriétés de transport : application aux photo-détecteurs U". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0286/document.
Testo completoGallium nitride (GaN) and its ternary and quaternary alloys are attracting more and more interest in the scientific and industrial communities for their potential for use in high frequency electronic devices, for transistors with high electronic mobility, for UV photo-detection and new-generation solar cells. The outcome of these new components is still be seen to be limited in many areas, mainly due to the lack of control of electrical contacts implementation techniques. It is in this context that this thesis takes place.Although the main objective of this thesis deals with the study of the electrically active defects in high band gap B(AlGa)N semiconductor alloys and their role in the transport properties, the production of ohmic and Schottky contacts is an essential step in the realization of the devices under study. For the Ohmic contacts, we have deposited Ti/Al/Ti/Au (15/200/15/200) layers by thermal evaporation. Using the Transfer Length Method (TLM), we obtained specific contact resistances in the order of 3x10-4Wcm2. The Circular TLM has also confirmed this result. Besides, a theoretical modelling has been carried out to analyse the experimental measurements. Schottky diodes were then produced by depositing 150 nm platinum (Pt) metal contacts. An ideality factor of 1.3 and a barrier height of 0.76 eV were obtained. On the other hand, a study of transport mechanisms has been performed. It allowed us to demonstrate the existence of the direct tunnelling and the Thermionic Field Emission, in addition to the conventional thermionic effect. This result was underpinned by current and capacity measurements as a function of temperature. For photo detectors, we performed the same measurements of current and capacity in darkness and under illumination at suitable wavelengths. These measurements allowed understanding the internal gain that was observed on the samples. Furthermore, they show the effect of the thermally active mechanisms whose activation energies were determined by the Arrhenius technique. Using the Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) technique followed up the study of the electrically active defects. This technique has recently been implemented in the laboratory. It allowed us to perform measurements under different conditions including various reverse bias, different frequencies, and different voltage pulse amplitudes and durations. One of the important results is the possibility of characterizing both majority and minority traps by simply changing the polarization conditions, as opposed to the usual procedures where an additional optical excitation is often necessary to increase the concentration of the minority carriers. In accordance with most of the encountered literature results, we found 6 electron traps all located below 0.9 eV of the conduction band, 3 hole traps in the 0.6-0.7 eV range above the valence band and one hole trap distributed at the interface. A rigorous procedure was developed and confirmed our results obtained by the standard Arrhenius technique
Bru-Chevallier, Catherine. "Etude comparative des propriétés de transport non-stationnaire dans différents semi-conducteurs composés III-V". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376124396.
Testo completoTsvirkun, Viktor. "Optomechanics in hybrid fully-integrated two-dimensional photonic crystal resonators". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112176/document.
Testo completoOptomechanical systems, in which the vibrations of a mechanical resonator are coupled to an electromagnetic radiation, have permitted the investigation of a wealth of novel physical effects. To fully exploit these phenomena in realistic circuits and to achieve different functionalities on a single chip, the integration of optomechanical resonators is mandatory. Here, we propose a novel approach to heterogeneously integrated arrays of two-dimensional photonic crystal defect cavities on top of silicon-on-insulator waveguides. The optomechanical response of these devices is investigated and evidences an optomechanical coupling involving both dispersive and dissipative mechanisms. By controlling optical coupling between the waveguide and the photonic crystal, we were able to vary and understand the relative strength of these couplings. This scalable platform allows for unprecedented control on the optomechanical coupling mechanisms, with a potential benefit in cooling experiments, and for the development of multi-element optomechanical circuits in the frame of optomechanically-driven signal-processing applications
Tremblay, Ronan. "Propriétés structurales, optiques et électriques de nanostructures et alliages à base de GaP pour la photonique intégrée sur silicium". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0026/document.
Testo completoThis PhD work focuses on the structural, optical, electrical properties of GaP-based nanostructures and alloys for integrated photonics on silicon. Amongst the integration approaches of III-V on Si, the interest of GaP/Si is firstly discussed. A study of the growth and the doping of AlGaP used as laser cladding layers (optical confinement and electrical injection) is presented. The activation complexity of n-dopants is highlighted. Then, the photoluminescence properties of InGaAs/GaP quantum dots are investigated as a function of temperature and optical density. The origin of the optical transitions involved are identified as (i) indirect type-I transition between electrons in Xxy states and holes in HH states of quantum dots InGaAs and (ii) indirect type-II with electrons in Xz states of strained GaP. Despite an effective modification in the electronic structure of these emitters, a direct type I optical transition is not demonstrated. This is the major bottleneck in the promotion of GaP based emitters on Si. This said, the control of the GaP/Si interface and electrical injection are confirmed by the demonstration of electroluminescence at room temperature on Si. If no laser effect is obtained in rib laser architectures, a possible beginning of Г band filling in QDs is discussed. Finally, the adequacy of state of the art integrated lasers with the development of on-chip optical interconnects is discussed
Bahri, Mounib. "Caractérisation structurale des hétérostructures à base de GaSb et de GaP épitaxiées sur silicium (001)". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS045/document.
Testo completoMonolithique integration of III-V compound semiconductors on silicon makes possible the large scale integration of compound semiconductors for optical and electronic devices. However, the growth of III-V semiconductors on silicon generate several defects (threading dislocations, twins and antiphase boundaries). In this PhD thesis, we studied structural properties of GaSb-based and GaP-based hetero-structures grown on silicon using X-Ray diffraction and Transmission Electon Microscopy. Threading dislocations are the major defects in the growth of GaSb on Si because of the high lattice mismatch between the two materials(12.2%). Other defects like twins are presents on the growth of GaSb on Si. Twins are related to the crystalline quality of surface substrate (contaminants and roughness). We developed a cleaning process of surfaces which shows a high efficiency on twins density reduction. We reduced the high defects density using super-lattices . The super-lattices act not only as a dislocations filter but also help antiphase domains closure. The efficiency of super-lattices depends on its nature (thickness and strain) and its position on the structure. With our dislocations geometrical recombination model, we bring out the global interaction between dislocations and we define essential interaction parameters between dislocations. For the growth of GaP on Si, We have shown that the initial coverage of gallium on the substrate in the early stages of growth has a major effect on the presence of micro-twins, but also on the size and density of the antiphase domains. Due to the small lattice mismatch between GaP and Si (0.37%), antiphase boundaries and domains are the major defects on the GaP-based heterostructures. Antiphase domains can be blocked near the interface using specific growth conditions (substrate miscut, growth temperature, strained thin films). We showed with the two heterostructures (GaP-based and GaSb-based) that the suppression of antiphase boundaries decreases semiconductors roughness. We studied the influence of Nitride incorporation on the STEM-HAADF contrast of GaPN films. This inversed contrast (GaPN layers are more brilliant than GaP ) depend on two parameters: the deformation state of GaPN lattice compared to GaP one and the punctual defects related to the Nitride incorporation. Those defects can be Interstitial or anti-site Ga atoms
Gendron, François. "Étude spectroscopique de métaux de transition dans les semi-conducteurs". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066001.
Testo completoWallart, Xavier Mollot Francis. "Contribution à l'étude de l'épitaxie d'hétérostructures à base de semi-conducteurs III-V phosphorés". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/670.
Testo completoSynthèse des travaux en français. Recueil de publications en anglais non reproduit dans la version électronique. N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 472. Résumé. Curriculum vitae. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque partie. Liste des publications et des communications.
Couderc, Elsa. "Transport de charge dans des matériaux hybrides composés de polymères π-conjugués et de nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690554.
Testo completoMagri, Andrea. "Multifunctional complexes for molecular devices". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE036/document.
Testo completoAluminum-based organic semiconductors (OSCs) were systematically synthesized and studied by photophysical and electrochemical methods to identify a relationship between their chemical structure and electronic properties, using Alq3 as benchmark. Experimental HOMO and LUMO were compared to those computed. In addition, newly developed methods were implemented to generate morphologies and calculate charge carrier mobilities. The hole mobility of Al(Op)3 was measured in thin film transistors: 0.6-2.1×10−6 cm2V−1s−1. By photoemission spectroscopy techniques, the Co/Al(Op)3 hybrid interface was probed. Two hybrid interface states (HISs) were unraveled; the SP (spin polarization) of HIS1 is 8% higher than bare cobalt, whereas the SP of HIS2 is 4% lowered. At last, phenalenyl-based dysprosium SMMs (single-molecule magnet) were investigated. [Dy(Op)2Cl(HOp)(EtOH)] showed an energy gap of 43.8K and a quantum relaxation time of 5x10-4s
Dhellemmes, Sébastien Mollot Francis Wallart Xavier. "Contribution à l'étude de l'épitaxie par jets moléculaires à grande échelle de semi-conducteurs phosphorés". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1002.
Testo completoN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3821. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
Côté, Denis. "Etude spectroscopique de defauts et d'impuretes dans les semi-conducteurs 3-5". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066169.
Testo completoMoroni, Didier. "Etude des proprietes optiques de semi-conducteurs composes iii-v et de puits quantiques par photoluminescence et excitation de la photoluminescence". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066540.
Testo completoBENDRAOUI, ABDELLATIF. "Traitements chimiques et thermiques de composes semi-conducteurs iii-v a base de in, ga, as, p en vue d'une reprise d'epitaxie". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21151.
Testo completoMortazavi, Amiri Narjes Beigom. "Relations entre motifs structuraux et dynamique de réseau dans les cristaux mixtes Cu-Zn-Sn-Se : études premiers principes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0333/document.
Testo completoThe works addresses vibrational properties of novel semiconductors, specifically the Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu2ZnSnS4 compounds of the kesterite structure, which, in the domain of photovoltaics, become competitive with leading materials of chalcopyrite type, notably Cu(In,Ga)Se2. The anticipated immediate practical interest of such study is that the vibration spectra are likely to make possible a distinction between different structural phases, possible for a given composition. The vibration modes are accessed by using a first-principle theory approach. The manuscript is divided into five chapters, with the following contents: (1) A brief introduction into the work principle and the problematics of photovoltaics, specifically of the solar cells based on multinary semiconductors; the chapter closes by the description of the phase diagram of the Cu-Zn-Sn-Se system. (2) An overview of the density functional theory (DFT) and of the technics of numerical simulations using the SIESTA code. (3) The vibrational properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 in its two phases, kesterite and stannite, as studied by first-principles method, with a detailed comparison being done along with a thorough mode-by-mode analysis. (4) Vibrational properties of a secondary phase Cu2SnSe3, which often competes with the Cu2ZnSnSe4 phase in the process of sample growth. (5) Calculation of phonons in the Cu2ZnSnS4 structure containing intrinsic defects (vacances; anti sites), with the objective of estimating vibrational contributions to entropy and the correction of the composition - temperature phase diagram in this multi nary system. The general conclusion summarises the results which are published in 5 articles
Moroni, Didier. "Etude des propriétés optiques de semi-conducteurs composés III-V et de puits quantiques par photoluminescence et excitation de la photoluminescence". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608179v.
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