Tesi sul tema "Comportement suicidaire – Épidémiologie – France"
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Ben, Abdallah Farid. "Les tentatives de suicide à la Martinique : étude épidémiologique des observations recueillies en 1993". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN11176.
Villaume, Bernadette. "Etude épidémiologique des tentatives de suicide admises dans un service d'accueil des urgences". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN11044.
Demesmaeker, Alice. "La morbi-mortalité par suicide : de l'épidémiologie longitudinale à l'évaluation d'un dispositif de prévention". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS014.
Patients with a psychiatric disorder have a decreased life expectancy associated with a high rate of suicide and non-psychiatric diseases. In addition, patients who have attempted suicide (SA) are at particular risk for re-attempt and premature death. First, we tried to identify risk factors for re-attempt with novel statistical approaches. Thus, patients with an alcohol use disorder and with an acute alcohol use during their SA, patients with an anxiety disorder, those who had more than 2 SAs and those who consumed benzodiazepines and/or hypnotics had a high risk of re-attempt.Then, we estimated the rate of death by suicide after SA using a meta-analysis. Our results showed a rate of 2.8% at 1 year. Then, we searched for causes of death in the Vigilans cohort. One year after SA, the most common causes of death were suicide and cardiovascular diseases.Finally, we showed an example of an assessment of a suicide prevention program. We evaluated the effectiveness of training gatekeepers in nursing homes. Our results showed an improvement in knowledge about the suicidal crisis and a decrease in the number of SAs after the training.In conclusion, the reduction of the morbidity and mortality of those who have attempted suicide requires a global management: by suicide prevention, but also by the management of non-psychiatric diseases
Fautrier, Isabelle. "Etude de 517 adolescents suicidants hospitalisés dans un service de pédiatrie à l'île de la Réunion". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M021.
Halabi, Kanari. "Les adolescentes suicidantes : étude comparative France-Syrie : évaluation des facteurs de risque et contribution à la compréhension du phénomène de suicide et/ou tentative de suicide des 12-18 ans dans les deux sociétés". Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0027.
Chéreau, Béatrice. "Figures de la scène suicidaire en milieu carcéral: perte, affects et sexualité : Vers une approche psychanalytique du suicide en Maison d'Arrêt en France". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H004.
Often covered by the media, suicide and suicide attempts in places of incarceration (with their "total institutions" A. Lefebvre, 1999) are much more frequent in prisons than in a free environment, especially in France. In fact in French jails, deaths by suicide are seven times more frequent and suicide attempts are four to five times more frequent (by 90 %). The means most used is hanging (90 %). The people most at risk are the defendants, the prisoners having previous incidents while in custody, as well as inmates with personality deficiency. Our work therefore proposes to study, amongst prisoners with violent behaviours and violent suicidal behaviours, with a Freudian and post-Freudian meta-psychological perspective, and investigate the components that constitute the core of these mainly borderline cases (cf. Official statistics), regarding the treatment of loss, affects of shame and/or guilt in prison for a range of 20 subjects (10 non suicidal, no attempts at suicide; 10 suicidal, attempts at suicide). In order to achieve this, we met those subjects, young adults and adults, within the frame of our clinical work and research on prevention of suicide (DDASS, 2001 ; alexithymia) in the heart of a prison in Paris suburbs. Projective tests (Rorschach and TAT) were of invaluable contribution, as they revealed that patients imprisoned, having violent behaviours and violent suicidal behaviours, show a prevalence of borderline state, along with a melancholic process (white melancholia in prison, "primal" loss Freud), a "sharp" narcissism and a narcissism with a "carapace", "a pure culture of death drive" (Freud). Moreover, we noticed a pathology of the affect (denial, negation; "hassle" affect), between unconscious "shame and guilt" (C. Chabert), with identification problems clearly sexed and a rejection of passive femininity (prison masculinity : "melancholic femininity" C. Chabert, "maniac masculinity" F. Neau), that leads us to postulate to the hypothesis of the selection of this "silent goddess of death in prison", through the creation of a suicidal scene in prison, in its passive and active polarities ("to kill oneself, to give up oneself to the prison body"), within a place governed by "legislative illusion", strategies of collective denial and a pathology of communication (C. Dejours), particularly in case of successful prison suicide
Boucher, Maxime. "La nuit carcérale : souffrir et éviter la souffrance en prison, le cas français (1944-1981)". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070006.
All times, the prison institution creates sufferings for prisoners (end of freedom, loneliness, sexual castration). In these painful foundations of the confinement are added sometimes additional sufferings created from the deficiencies (decripitude, overpopulation, defaulting food) and violence (cells of punishment, « prevôts » kinds of kapos, jail work). Since the french Liberation - just after the second world war - , many prison reforms more or less deep succeeded one another to limit these sufferings and humanize the french prison. The reformist limits are quickly revealings, resulted by profound budgetary limits. The institutional attempts aren't nevertheless the only ones to want to limit or to avoid the sufferings. Prisoners show us many individual or collective resources in this way. The body as first vision reveals an important part of these strategies of avoidance. From the tattoo to the automutilation until the hunger strike, the body prisoner could be a vast field of study. Identital research, revival, call for help, protest, the senses of these strategies open intricate conclusions. The suffering is confidentially next to the violence. The mutinous collective outburst is one of the most evident examples. The ultimate purpose of the avoidance of the prison sufferings lives then the envy to leave definitively the prison embodied by the hope of the escape or the despair of the suicide. To undergo the suffering is not thus necessarily a fate in prison, but it often involves paradoxically new sufferings. .
Hamedi, Karine. "Scandale et suicide politiques : un drame social de la rupture". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010287.
Marcocchi, Nadine. "Abord méthodologique de l'enquête alimentaire en épidémiologie nutritionnelle : Application à l'étude du comportemnet alimentaire d'un échantillon de la population lorraine". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10095.
Raoult, Alain. "Le sursuicide des jeunes en Bretagne". Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20051.
Compared to France, since 1970's, we note in Brittany a particularly high mortality by suicide among the teenagers from 15 to 24 years. During the last years this "over suicidity" is considered by a lot like a consequence of a too strong pressure which would be exerted on the Breton young people within the framework of their schooling and this especially since the phenomenon is combined with the very good levels of school results of these generations. Those explanations have been repeated so often and have been elaborated so extensively that thinking is now transformed as an "obviousness". So we wanted to explore the mechanics and systems which have contributed to the social construction of this object “Breton suicide of the young people”. It emerges from this study that actually the Breton youthful “over suicidity” is not related to a too strong pressure but on vaster sociological problems. Indeed, the "over suicidity" of the Breton teenagers raises the question of integration and of the subjectivation in the breton community in which identity was confronted with deep society's upheavals during the last century
Slama, Frédéric. "Contribution au demembrement phenotypique et a la validation nosologique des conduites suicidaires". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002058.
Pham, Thu-Tram. "Comparaison culturelle des traits de personnalité, événements de vie, stratégies de coping et soutien social entre les adolescents et jeunes adultes suicidants (15-35 ans) en France et au Vietnam". Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ020L.
The objective of this research was to determine whether french suicide attempters differ from vietnamese suicide attempters on personality traits, life events, coping strategies, and social support ; this would suggest that there are universal factors leading to a suicide attempt. The aim of this study was also to determine whether french and vietnamese controls differ on personality traits, life events, coping strategies and social support ; this would indicate whether some factors are specific to each culture. Twenty-two vietnamese suicide attempters, 22 vietnamese controls, 28 french suicide attempters and 28 french controls, all free of psychiatric disease, were studied. All groups were matched on age, sex, and education. The following tests were administered : the MMPI-2 (ECPA, 1996), a questionnaire of life events (adapted for adults from one developed by Diwo, 1999), the Brief Cope by Carver (french version by Muller & Spitz, 2003), and the social support questionnaire by Sarason et al. (french version by Bruchon-Schweitzer et al., 1997). The results showed that french and vietnamese suicide attempters have specific personality traits, caracterized by paranoïd, schizophrenic, and psychastenic traits. French and vietnamese controls share common personality traits, independent of their culture. French and vietnamese suicide attempters do not share any life events. French suicide attempters had more family problems, whereas vietnamese suicide attempters had more individual and work-related problems. All suicide attempters lived more negative life events and these were perceived as more stressful. Both french and vietnamese suicide attempters have a coping strategy less based on acceptance than their controls. French suicide attempters also had coping strategies more centered on denial and substance use than their controls. Vietnamese suicide attempters had a coping strategy more centered on religion than french suicide attempters, who in turn had coping strategies more centered on blame and substance use than their vietnamese counterparts. French controls expressed more their feelings, and had a coping strategy more centered on blame, and less on religion, relative to vietnamese controls. French suicide attempters had a smaller social network, but were as satisfied as controls from the support obtained. Vietnamese suicide attempters had equivalent social networks compared to their controls, but were more satisfied than controls about the social support obtained. In conclusion, these results suggest that there are specific personality traits that characterize suicide attempters in at least two cultures. These traits are necessary, but not sufficient for a suicide attempt. This research shows that other contextual factors are necessary for a suicide attempt, and that these factors are culture-dependent
Deschenau, Alice. "Prévention du suicide en détention : approche évaluative d'un programme de prévention en maison d'arrêt à partir des vécus et représentations des personnes incarcérées". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20143/document.
National and international studies and reports about preventing suicide in jail have been published, giving information about epidemiology, suicide risk profiles. They also provide prevention measures. More researches are required to improve knowledge of clinical aspects of suicidal behaviors in prison and to evaluate prevention programs. The study consisted in an assessment of 12 measures of a local preventing suicide program. We asked prisoners who had been jailed since one month for an interview. First they had to tell if they knew about the existence of a prevention program. Second, they evaluated the usefulness of each measure in (5 points - Likert scale). They freely explained their choices. We asked them about suicidal ideation’s presence since they had arrived in jail, their urgency degree at D0, D8 and D28, and the factors that contributed to these states. They filled the Reasons for Living Inventory of Linehan (RLIL) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Twenty of the 53 participants have had suicidal thoughts during the first month ; only 15 told they knew there was a suicide prevention program. Eight measures were noted as significantly useful. Four of them obtained a middle score : limitation of hanging points, cell doubling, special monitoring, special protection cell. The search for correlations have found different combinations of links between some measures, the suicidal states, use of the program, the RLIL and psychiatric disorders. We discuss about how psychological tools can be helpful to the evolution of each measure, to the adaptation of the global prevention program. Notably, the prisoners’ participation is in particular proposed. Moreover, preserving speaking time with freedom of expression in the application of the program was expected by the participants. At last, they proposed innovative methods that could serve as a lead for followup works
Pisu, Florian. "Des tentatives de suicide à leur prise en charge à l'hôpital : une sociologie des urgences". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB105.
The aim of this Ph.D thesis is to understand the contemporary issues about French suicidality. Two different dimensions have been investigated. First, we interrogated the dynamic of suicidal process, considering both individual motives and social causes of suicidal behaviors. Second, we studied emergency departments of the French public hospitals, that take care of the majority of suicide attempts known in France. The methodological and theoretical principles adopted in this work articulate our understanding of suicidal process with our analysis of its medical treatment. In this work, we will suggest that suicidality and its medical treatment are shaped by normative transformations of contemporary societies, which place autonomy, independence, authenticity and responsibility as preeminent values. Yet, such values enhance a new type of social bound. This individualization changes the type of problems that actors have to solve with their own economic, cultural and social resources, which are sometimes not sufficient. Thus, this new normativity tends to affect suicidal issues. In summary, we propose to enlighten a new economy of suicides and attempted suicides. To do so, we conducted an ethnographic investigation of general and psychiatric emergency services. The main hypothesis of this approach precisely supports that this new type of problems shaped through individualization arises in a specific manner in the medical treatment of suicidal behaviors
Ben, Hadj Yahia Mohamed-Béchir. "Données et outils pour l'optimisation de l’impact de la vaccination prophylactique contre les papillomavirus humains en France". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S041/document.
Introduction: Since 2007, prophylactic vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recommended in addition to cervical screening in French women. However, given the low vaccine coverage in France, the epidemiological impact of the vaccination is debated, as well as the choice of the target population and the means to ensure compliance with the recommendation. This doctoral thesis provides original data and tools for the evaluation and the improvement of the impact of HPV vaccination in France. For quantitative aspects, modelling HPV transmission based on the best data describing sexual partnerships in the general population is essential. The investigation of potential links between participation to cervical screening of deprived women and their choice of vaccinating their daughters, the appraisal of vaccine acceptability through social media and the cost-effectiveness evaluation of the relevance of extending the HPV vaccination program to include males are key elements to improve the focus on targeted populations.Methods: We developed a modelling platform to study the dynamics of HPV transmission, using data from Social Context of Sexuality, the latest national French sexual behavior study. Using finite mixture models, we identified latent classes of sexual activity to define profiles of partner acquisition with age, likely to have different risks of sexually transmitted infections. Then, we asked women attending the Centre for Preventive Medicine and Health Education of Lille, who had at least a daughter eligible for HPV vaccination, about their attitudes towards cervical screening and HPV vaccination. Next, we explored sentiments about HPV vaccine safety, efficacy and perceptions, spontaneously expressed by web users on the online discussion forum of a French-speaking health information website. Finally, we performed a systematic review of the cost-effectiveness studies about extending HPV vaccination to include males.Results: Simulations from the modelling platform reproduced HPV infection prevalence observed in France. Nevertheless, results were sensitive to assumptions about sexual behavior, with discrepancies between men and women. Five latent classes of sexual activity were identified in men and in women. The cluster describing the highest level of sexual behavior represents 3.3% in women and 4.8% in men. Besides, daughters’ vaccination profile did not differ with their mothers’ profile of participation to cervical screening. The main reason for not vaccinating their daughters reported by mothers was lack of information, especially for those non-compliant with cervical screening recommendations. Moreover, negative sentiments, reported by the health website forum, evolved from 28.6% of total opinions in 2006 to 42.2% in 2013. The arguments expressed by “anti-vaccine” postings involved most often vaccine safety and negative vaccine perceptions. Finally, cost-effectiveness analyses show that extending the HPV vaccination program to include males is rarely found to be a cost-effective strategy. Nevertheless, the targeted vaccination of men having sex with men seems to be the best strategy from ethical and cost-effectiveness points of view.Discussion: The modelling platform of sexual contacts represents the basis of the evaluation of HPV vaccination impact. The surveillance of online forums enables the monitoring of vaccine acceptability and hence the targeting of preventive messages. Improving the HPV vaccine coverage requires offering girls and young women an organized vaccination program. In the lack of a school-based vaccination program, Centres for Preventive Medicine and Health Education offer an interesting alternative