Tesi sul tema "Community forestry"
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1
Uprety, Dharam Raj. "Community forestry, rural livelihoods and conflict : a case study of community forest users' groups in Nepal /". Wien : Guthmann-Peterson, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/2008366153.html.
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2
Jackson, William James. "The dynamics of lekh forest use in the middle hills of Nepal /". [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Centre for Systemic Development, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030520.101936/index.html.
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3
Baral, Jagadish Chandra. "Government intervention and local processes in community forestry in the hills of Nepal /". Richmond, N.S.W. : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030522.085631/index.html.
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4
Hartley, Mitschka John. "Effects of Small-gap Timber Harvests on Songbird Community Composition and Site-fidelity". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HartleyMJ2003.pdf.
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5
Loughhead, Susan. "Community and power : community forestry policy in Nepal". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320317.
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6
Jackson, William James, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture e Centre for Systematic Development. "The dynamics of lekh forest use in the Middle Hills of Nepal". THESIS_FEMA_CSD_Jackson_W.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/673.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Extending Nepal's community forestry programme and its protected area network into lekh forests has been hampered by the assumption that people who live in or near lekh forests treat them as unregulated open access resources. This study tests this assumption by examining the interaction between local people and forests in two lekh areas of the central Middle Hills. The research is comprised of an action research approach, a theoretical framework of ecological anthropology that was also informed by forestry science, and tools and methods drawn from ethnographic fieldwork and rapid rural appraisal. The belief that lekh forests are treated as unregulated open access is challenged by demonstrating that there are clearly defined local use rights to lekh forests. Access to forest resources is regulated by forest users and relatively sophisticated and dynamic indigenous systems of forest management have been developed. The potential for implementing community forestry in the two lekh areas was explored by incorporating an element of action research in the study. A number of challenges are highlighted for the Nepal government to facilitate the improved management and conservation of lekh forests while ensuring an equitable flow of benefits to the people who depend on these forests.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
7
Pralle, Sarah Beth. "Conflict expansion and containment in forestry politics /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10748.
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8
Onprom, Surin. "People, Forests and Narratives: the Politics of the Community Forestry Movement in Thailand". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8962.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The conflict associated with the rights of local people with regard to forests and forest resources in Thailand may be traced back to the nineteenth century. It became the subject of hot political debate at the national level in the early 1990s. The national debate surrounding the passing of the Community Forest Bill between the early 1990s and 2007 involved various political actors who held different assumptions, beliefs and knowledge regarding the relationships between people and the forest environment. In the debate, these political actors produced, distributed and used various storylines about people, forests and their relationships in order to legitimise, justify and position their political claims regarding people and forest relationships. This thesis starts with the premise that the community forestry movement cannot be separated from the storytelling of and about local people and forests. It aims to understand the politics of forestry decentralisation in general, and the politics of the community forestry movement in particular. The thesis seeks to examine the use of people and forest narratives in the context of the long debate on the Community Forest Bill. It also examines the interplays between national and local narratives about people and the forests. In particular, it looks at how local lives, landscapes and the relationships between them have been shaped by the ways in which actors employ narratives. The thesis involved narrative analysis and ethnography. Written and oral narratives about people and forests at the national and local level were obtained and analysed. Four broad narrative themes were identified at the national level. Adding to written narratives on national level narratives, seventeen key informants including policy makers, academia, policy advocates and forest officers were interviewed. At the local level ethnographies of two forest communities were conducted where interviews, participant observation and the “walk and talk” technique were employed to examine the local narratives responding to the national narratives. The thesis found that actors’ policy narratives about people and forests are multiple and diverse. The multiple narratives mirrored the multiple views, assumptions and knowledge of political actors toward the relationships between people and the forests. The storytellers deliberately assigned meanings to people, forests and their relationships by employing different terms and language. They strategically simplified stories for political reasons to mobilize political support or to destabilize policymaking assumptions. The storytellers tended to talk only about convenient issues and to deliberately hide the controversial ones. The local narratives were also diverse. In the context of resource contestations and conflicts, local people actively both produced their storylines responding to national narratives and adopted available narratives to their practices in particular the resource management practices. Although the narrative strategies helped local people to reclaim and renegotiate their rights over resources, those adopted narratives in turn became “narrative traps”, since they omitted important rights including the rights to farm and the right to harvest timber.
9
Bhandari, Rajendra Man Singh Sansanee Choowaew. "Applying adaptive community forest management in Nepal : Silviculture demonstration plot perspective : a case study of Nureni Chisapani Community Forest user group, Makwanpur, Central Nepal /". Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd398/4837458.pdf.
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10
Pandey, Anjana. "Community forestry in Nepal : a strategy for development /". Master's thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020109/.
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11
Kamwi, Jonathan Mutau. "The use of high-resolution satellite imagery in forest inventory : a case of Hans Kanyinga Community Forest - Namibia". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/650.
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12
Diswandi, Diswandi. "Sustainable community forestry management in Lombok, Indonesia". Thesis, Diswandi, Diswandi (2017) Sustainable community forestry management in Lombok, Indonesia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/39183/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Deforestation is a serious problem in Indonesia as a result of forest concessions that were granted by the government to private companies. The forest destruction was also caused by the encroachment by villagers during the political chaos and lack of law enforcement following the collapse of the New Order regime in 1998. In Lombok, villagers entered forests around their village, logged the trees and occupied the forests to plant fruit trees. As a response to this encroachment, the Indonesian government encouraged local participation by involving communities in forest management, which eventually developed into a community forestry management scheme. However, improper management by the forest farmers has generated negative externalities, primarily a reduction in the quantity and quality of water supply produced from the forest. To address the negative externalities problem, the local government in West Lombok developed a system of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES). Importantly, the PES program in West Lombok was integrated with the Community Forestry program, designed for forest conservation and poverty alleviation.
This study investigates the impact of the integrated Community Forestry and PES programs on local forest conservation and socio-economic improvement. The study utilises “participatory econometrics” as a mixed quantitative and qualitative research method. The research included in-depth interviews, field visits, surveys, a focus group discussion and aerial photo analysis.
This thesis found that the PES program in West Lombok is a hybrid system that combines Coasean and Pigouvian theory. In conjunction with the Community Forestry program, the PES program could produce a sustainable outcome in the long term. This is confirmed by empirical evidence, as integrated PES and the Community Forestry program accommodates local needs, and can be used as a tool for forest conservation and the improvement of socio-economic conditions in the long term.
Keywords: Community forestry, Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), Forest conservation, Poverty alleviation.
13
Nguyen, Dinh Cong Kulvadee Kansuntisukmongkol. "Forest dependency in Vietnam : a case study in XA luong commune, Tuong Duong district, Nghe an province, Vietnam /". Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd398/4837459.pdf.
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14
Holmgren, Eva. "Forest commons in boreal Sweden : influences on forest condition, management and the local economy /". Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management and Geomatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10124692.pdf.
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15
Baral, Jagadish Chandra. "Government intervention and local processes in community forestry in the hills of Nepal". Thesis, Richmond, N.S.W. : University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/485.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis looks at the internal community processes set in motion by intervention in the context of the current community forestry policy of Nepal which has embarked on handing over local forest resources to local user groups. The overall aim of the thesis is to explore the question : How does intervention lead to certain types of effects through dynamics within the community? These processes have been something of a 'black box' so far. This research is based on fieldwork in adjoining forest user groups in the western hills of Nepal for nearly eight months starting from August 1994. The research examined the outcome of earlier interventions in these adjoining forest communities. An important finding of this study is that the nature of use rights is evolving and contestable rather than fixed. It is further argued that there may be inequitable outcomes in terms of cost and benefit sharing amongst households after forests are officially handed over. This is attributed to differing perceptions about the nature of equity. The poor do not necessarily get fair treatment despite provisions for equality of opportunity in Operational Plans. It is argued that inequitable outcomes do not, however, necessarily lead to non-compliance partly because the system, though inequitable, is based on at least a pseudo-democratic model rather than direct coercion. Intervention has a role. However, it is argued that effective intervention has to pay proper attention to attaining better use rights and better equity. The key to attaining better use rights is the need to appreciate the fact that use rights are contestable and dynamic by nature
16
Lele, Dorothy Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Common resource development: community forestry in Maharashtra, India". Ottawa, 1988.
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17
Pulhin, Juan M. "Community forestry paradoxes and perspectives in development practice /". Connect to this title online, 1996. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20010828.120905/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Australian National University, 1996.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 13, 2006). Electronic version of thesis incomplete: all after p. 208 wanting. Includes bibliographical references.
18
Rosen, Michael G. S. "Neoliberal Government and community forestry. Subjection and Discourse in a Oaxacan Community". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25411/25411.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the context of open struggle between a neoliberal state and popular social movements in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, this thesis seeks to explore how neoliberalism also works more subtly through state-sponsored community forestry. Using the concepts of “development discourse” and the Foucauldian conception of government, this thesis sheds light on the power networks that run through the language, practice and process of community forestry in a community with a well-established forestry enterprise. Neoliberal government is found to be present in the practice of community forestry, in discourse calling for change to governance structures in the community, identities of comuneros, as well as in environmental discourse. The exploration of this web of government also contributes to a greater understanding of relationships between state institutions, professionals and community members involved in community forestry.
19
Rosen, Michael Gabriel, e Michael Gabriel Rosen. "Neoliberal Government and community forestry : subjection and discourse in a Oaxacan Community". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20050.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the context of open struggle between a neoliberal state and popular social movements in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, this thesis seeks to explore how neoliberalism also works more subtly through state-sponsored community forestry. Using the concepts of "development discourse" and the Foucauldian conception of government, this thesis sheds light on the power networks that run through the language, practice and process of community forestry in a community with a well-established forestry enterprise. Neoliberal government is found to be present in the practice of community forestry, in discourse calling for change to governance structures in the community, identities of comuneros, as well as in environmental discourse. The exploration of this web of government also contributes to a greater understanding of relationships between state institutions, professionals and community members involved in community forestry.In the context of open struggle between a neoliberal state and popular social movements in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, this thesis seeks to explore how neoliberalism also works more subtly through state-sponsored community forestry. Using the concepts of "development discourse" and the Foucauldian conception of government, this thesis sheds light on the power networks that run through the language, practice and process of community forestry in a community with a well-established forestry enterprise. Neoliberal government is found to be present in the practice of community forestry, in discourse calling for change to governance structures in the community, identities of comuneros, as well as in environmental discourse. The exploration of this web of government also contributes to a greater understanding of relationships between state institutions, professionals and community members involved in community forestry.
20
Lambrick, Frances H. "Community forestry in Cambodia : effectiveness, governance and implementation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669864.
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21
Pulhin, Juan M., e jpulhin@laguna net. "Community Forestry: Paradoxes and Perspectives in Development Practice". The Australian National University. Department of Human Geography, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20010828.120905.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis deals with two related topics: core development objectives in community forestry in the Philippines, and the 'instruments' of development practice which have been used to address these objectives. The two topics have currency beyond forestry development and are at the centre of a debate about sustainable development. Community forestry aims to democratise resource access, alleviate poverty, and ensure the sustainability of forest resources. Development practice, however, has often led to contradictory outcomes. This paradox is examined from three perspectives: that of political economy, characteristics of practice, and the theory of rationalisation.
¶Four government-initiated community forestry projects in the Philippines are analysed. These projects provide an historical trend on the development and refinements of the different techniques from the early 1980s to the present. The relationship between the use of these techniques and improved outcomes in terms of the three core concerns is established. Empirical findings from the cases suggest that there is no necessary relationship between the employment of these instruments and better development outcomes. The attempt to democratise forest resource access through the use of access instruments has benefited the local elite and reinforced the government's jurisdiction over these resources. Similarly, the use of appraisal and participatory planning techniques has homogenised views of the local community and advanced a centrally determined agenda in forest management that has worked against the alleviation of poverty. Forest degradation is likely to continue, even with the incorporation of social factors into the concept of sustained-yield forest management.
¶The political economy perspective suggests that contradictory effects can be explained by the country's historical and political structure which has been shaped by an economically-driven development model and dominated by a more privileged sector. Despite genuine efforts for reform, this perspective contends that community forestry projects and related development interventions will always be influenced by political forces, and their benefits will be captured by the privileged sector. On the other hand, a focus on the characteristics of practice leads to the conclusion that contradictory effects are results of the limitations of these techniques, including their poor application. This implies that the adverse effects may be addressed through the refinement of these techniques and improvements in their application. Finally, the rationalisation thesis reveals that paradoxical effects are inherent in the use of these techniques. This perspective posits that even with the apparent shift from a state-controlled to a more participatory and decentralised approach in forest management, such as community forestry, the instrumentalist nature associated with the application of these techniques reinforces the characteristics of homogeneity, technocracy, and centralism which are inclined to produced paradoxical outcomes.
¶Both the political economy and the rationalisation perspectives provide a gloomy prognosis for community forestry. However, the recognition of the dual problems of poverty and environmental degradation in the Philippine uplands, suggests that community forestry should not be abandoned. Through a responsive mode of practice, there is room to move to improve the outcomes of the three central objectives. But responsive practice is not a panacea for all development ills. The process is bound to be slow, strategies will vary from one place to another, and success will be patchy. But because responsive community forestry practice is not amenable to central programming and control, it is more likely to result in sustainable outcomes than the present approaches.
22
Shrestha, Krishna K. "Collective Action and Equity in Nepalese Community Forestry". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2476.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis critically analyses collective action processes and outcomes in Community Forestry through the concept of embeddedness. This research focuses on the questions of when people cooperate, how and why collective action emerges and evolves, and what leads or does not lead to equitable outcomes. The thesis makes a fundamental distinction between equality and equity. The research focuses specifically on the Nepalese experience with Community Forestry (CF), which is regarded as one of the most progressive CF programs being implemented in one of the poorest countries in the world. The thesis adopts an integrated research approach involving multiple actors, scales and methods with a focus on local level CF processes and forest users. This study considers the Forest Users Group (FUG) as a unit for analysis. Field work was conducted in three FUGs from the mid-hill region of Nepal over seven months between August 2001 and February 2002. The field research moves downwards to the household level and upward to the district, national and international level actors. It employs a combination of the process analysis and actor oriented approach and qualitative and quantitative methods to understand how CF is being driven, who is driving it and why CF is advancing in a certain direction. The study shows that the emergence, evolution and outcomes of collective action in CF are complex and varied due to specific and changing socio-cultural, economic, political and ecological contexts. Without understanding the complexities, in which peoples’ motivation and collective action are embedded, we cannot explain the emergence and evolution of collective action in CF. This thesis challenges the rational choice tradition and some key points of Common Property Regimes (CPR) theory and highlights the concept of embeddedness in participatory natural resource management. The thesis highlights the problem of decentralised CF policy and the forest bureaucracy. Decentralisation universally imposes a formal democratic system based on equality without acknowledging unequal societies. In Nepal, there has been little reorganisation of the forest bureaucracy. Despite being an international model for community forestry, in Nepal the existing bureaucracy has been unable or unwilling to transfer knowledge to forest users. The thesis concludes by stating the need to avoid the pitfalls of some democratic principles associated with standardisation and formalism. This means transforming bureaucratic norms and ideology. Context is central for the sustainable and equitable management of natural resources. It must be further researched and applied in decision-making if CF is going to achieve its potential to improve the condition of forests and the welfare of rural people.
23
Shrestha, Krishna K. "Collective Action and Equity in Nepalese Community Forestry". University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2476.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This thesis critically analyses collective action processes and outcomes in Community Forestry through the concept of embeddedness. This research focuses on the questions of when people cooperate, how and why collective action emerges and evolves, and what leads or does not lead to equitable outcomes. The thesis makes a fundamental distinction between equality and equity. The research focuses specifically on the Nepalese experience with Community Forestry (CF), which is regarded as one of the most progressive CF programs being implemented in one of the poorest countries in the world. The thesis adopts an integrated research approach involving multiple actors, scales and methods with a focus on local level CF processes and forest users. This study considers the Forest Users Group (FUG) as a unit for analysis. Field work was conducted in three FUGs from the mid-hill region of Nepal over seven months between August 2001 and February 2002. The field research moves downwards to the household level and upward to the district, national and international level actors. It employs a combination of the process analysis and actor oriented approach and qualitative and quantitative methods to understand how CF is being driven, who is driving it and why CF is advancing in a certain direction. The study shows that the emergence, evolution and outcomes of collective action in CF are complex and varied due to specific and changing socio-cultural, economic, political and ecological contexts. Without understanding the complexities, in which peoples’ motivation and collective action are embedded, we cannot explain the emergence and evolution of collective action in CF. This thesis challenges the rational choice tradition and some key points of Common Property Regimes (CPR) theory and highlights the concept of embeddedness in participatory natural resource management. The thesis highlights the problem of decentralised CF policy and the forest bureaucracy. Decentralisation universally imposes a formal democratic system based on equality without acknowledging unequal societies. In Nepal, there has been little reorganisation of the forest bureaucracy. Despite being an international model for community forestry, in Nepal the existing bureaucracy has been unable or unwilling to transfer knowledge to forest users. The thesis concludes by stating the need to avoid the pitfalls of some democratic principles associated with standardisation and formalism. This means transforming bureaucratic norms and ideology. Context is central for the sustainable and equitable management of natural resources. It must be further researched and applied in decision-making if CF is going to achieve its potential to improve the condition of forests and the welfare of rural people.
24
Pokharel, Bharat Kumar. "Foresters and villagers in contention and compact : the case of community forestry in Nepal". Thesis, University of East London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390262.
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Gautam, Krishna Hari. "Lopping regimes in community-managed sal (Shorea robusta) forests of Nepal : prospects for multiple-product silviculture for community forestry". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7196.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Forest management decisions may contribute little to sustainable forest management if those decisions do not consider the interests of different socio-economic classes and ecological actions and reactions. Recently, an immense need has arisen for forestry to have multifaceted objectives i.e., to provide multiple products with due attention to environmental effects. This study explores the potentiality of managing sal (Shorea robusta) forests for multiple products. The research looked into two aspects - experimental and ethnographic. The experimental aspect involved lopping (0, 40, 60 and 80% lopping) and litter (with or without litter) treatments. The experiments were conducted in two community-managed sal forests in western Nepal, and examined treatment effects on stem growth (tree and plot level) and the regeneration of the forests.
One-event lopping up to 80% produced no adverse effects on diameter-at-breast-height (dbh), height, basal area or volume growth in two experimental forests in one year following the lopping, except the mean dbh and volume of dominant (tallest) trees and the mean volume of non-sal trees in younger and denser forest. Dominant (tallest) trees sustained up to 60% lopping but non-sal trees only 40% lopping before growth reductions. In contrast, lopping (40% and 60%) increased the growth in some instances in younger and denser forest. Litter removal produced no adverse effect on the growth.
The main effects and the interaction between lopping and litter removal did not adversely affect regeneration in either forest, but increased the frequency of regeneration in most of the cases.
The ethnographic study involved understanding the extent of the use of sal forests, and the indigenous knowledge of forest use and ethnosilviculture among users of three sal forests. Nine-hundred and sixty-five statements (each statement makes a piece or block of information) from 111 key informants formed the basis of information.
The ethnographic study identified 637 uses and 328 blocks of ethnosilvicultural information. The relationships between indigenous knowledge status and socio-economic status (gender, age, ethnicity, income, and landholding) of respondents were analysed. Analyses showed a significant association at various levels, between types of information and socio-economic status; however, all socio-economic groups of the users held some sort of knowledge relating to forest management.
Based on a one-event lopping, experimental study has shown the possibility of lopping in producing foliage and litter from sal forests without adversely affecting the growth of the tree. The importance of lopped foliage and litter has been highlighted by ethnographic study. Furthermore, ethnographic study indicated importance of several other products from sal forests for various socio-economic groups. Devaluing any product in forest management may lower the interest of particular groups within the community. Excluding any group in management decisions will lower the effectiveness of management practices. The practical importance of this research and future research needs are discussed.
26
Hoffman, Deborah L. "Community-based sustainable forest management a case study of Rutland Township, Ohio /". Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1137583291.
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Abugan, Eddie B. "Community-based forest management : prospects and difficulties in the Philippines /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17930.pdf.
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Burcham, Daniel C. "Urban forest management for multiple benefits an analysis of tree establishment strategies used by community tree planting programs /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 214 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885755681&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Falcao, Mario Paulo Pereira da Silva. "Policy impact on stakeholder benefits and resource use and conservation in Mozambique : the case study of Moflor Forest Concession Area and Pindanganga Community Area". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50420.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the hard copy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A case study in miombo woodlands was carried out in Pindanganga and MOFLOR forest concession, Gondola and Dondo Districts respectively, in the centre of Mozambique, to analyse the impact of alternative forest management regimes and sectoral and extra sectoral policies on the well being of stakeholders and conservation of the woodlands. A system dynamics model, MIOMBOSIM, based on game theory and implemented in POWERSIM was developed. The analysis is based on a simulation model of the fluctuation over time of the human population, forest dynamics, harvesting costs of the private sector, household consumption, commercial outputs and prices (timber, charcoal, non timber forest products and domestic animals), using data from field surveys and the literature. It also simulated the effects over time of changes in charcoal production efficiency, sales amount and marketing prices of NTFPs, agricultural output prices, off-miombo greater employment availability and a combination between the changes (simultaneous increase in marketing prices ofNTFPs and agricultural output prices, simultaneous increase in charcoal production efficiency and agricultural output prices, and simultaneous increase in off-miombo greater employment availability and agricultural output prices). The modelling approach chosen allows to evaluate management regimes taking into account the different stakeholder interests, which are often conflicting. This study shows that improvement in the well being of stakeholders and resource conservation can be achieved with sound forest management practices. There is no management regime capable of fully satisfying the goals of the stakeholders. The cooperative management option is potentially beneficial to local communities if properly implemented and can improve the rural livelihoods and the woodland resources condition. It also shows that regulated forest management regimes incorporating social concerns or incorporating social and environmental concerns are potentially more beneficial to the household sector than the open access regime. Results found in the study show that an increase by 10% and 30% on charcoal production efficiency can lead to an increase in the per capita benefits of the household sector by 3.0 to more than 100%, but can not reach the poverty line (one dollar per day per person). An increase by 100% in the sales amount or 100% increase in market selling prices of NTFPs can lead to an increase in the per capita benefits of the household sector. An increase in agricultural output selling prices by 25% without any other incentive leads to agricultural expansion. An increase by 100% in off-miembo employment opportunities in the study areas has an insignificant impact on resource use and conservation for the local communities due to the very low employment opportunities currently in place (0.008% in Pindanganga and 0.005% in MOFLOR area). A combination of these two policies instruments under ceteris paribus condition can improve the well being of the rural communities depending on the management regime option, but can not reach the poverty line (one dollar per day per person). The ranking of the management regime can change depending on the policy instrument applied.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Gevalle-studie is in Miombo boomveld in Pindanganga en MOFLOR, onderskeidelik in die Gondola en Dondo Distrikte in die sentrale deel van Mosambiek, uitgevoer om die impak van alternatiewe bosbestuursisteme en sektorale en ekstra-sektorale beleide op die welstand van belanghebbendes (stakeholders) en bewaring van die boomveld te ontleed. 'n Sisteem-dinamika model, MIOMBOSIM, gebaseer op spel teorie (game theory) en ge-implementeer in POWERSIM, was ontwikkel. Die analise is gebaseer op 'n simulasie-model van die fluktuasie oor tyd van die plaaslike bevolking, bosdinamika, oestingskostes van die private sektor, huishoudelike verbruik, kommersiële uitsette en pryse (hout, houtskool, nie-hout produkte en huishoudelike diere), deur data van veldopnames en uit die literatuur te gebruik. Die invloede oor tyd in veranderinge in effektiwiteit van houtskoolproduksie, verkoopsvlakke en markpryse van nie-hout produkte, landbou uitsetpryse, beskikbare indiensneming buite die Miombo boomveldgebiede, en 'n kombinasie tussen die veranderinge, is ook gesimuleer. Die gekose modelleringsbenadering het dit moontlik gemaak om die bosbestuursisteme te evalueer met inagneming van die verskillende en dikwels teenstrydige behoeftes van die belanghebbendes. Die studie het getoon dat verbetering In die welstand van die belanghebbendes en hulpbronbewaring bereik kan word met gesonde bosbestuurspraktyke. Geeneen van die bosbestuursisteme kan die doelwitte van die belanghebbendes ten volle bevredig nie. Die kooperatiewe bestuursopsie is potensieel voordelig vir die plaaslike gemeeskappe indien behoorlik ge-implementeer, en kan die landelike lewensbestaan sowel as die toestand van die boomveld as hulpbron verbeter. Gereguleerde bosbestuursisteme wat sosiale belange of sosialeomgewingsbelange insluit, is potensieel meer voordelig vir die huishoudelike sektor as die vrye toegangsisteem (open access regime). Resultate van die studie het getoon dat 'n toename van onderskeidelik 10% and 30% in effektiwiteit van houtskoolproduksie kan lei tot 'n toename in per kapita voordele van die huishoudelike sektor van 3.0% tot meer as 100%, maar kan nie lei tot 'n vebetering bokant die armoedevlak nie (een VSA doller per dag per persoon). 'n Toename van 100% in die hoeveelheid verkope of 'n 100% toename in die markverkoopsprys van nie-hout produkte kan lei tot 'n toename in die per kapita voordele van die huishoudelike sektor. 'n Toename in die landbou uitsetverkoopspryse met 25% sonder enige ander insentiewe lei tot landbou-uitbreiding. 'n 100% Toename in indiensnemingsgeleenthede buite die Miombo boomveldgebiede in die studiegebiede het onbeduidende impakte op hulpbrongebruik en bewaring vir die plaaslike gemeenskappe as gevolg van baie lae huidige indiensnemingsgeleenthede (0.008% in Pindanganga en 0.005% in MOFLOR). 'n Kombinasie van die twee beleidsinstrumente onder toestande van ceteris paribus kan die welstand van die landelike gemeenskappe verbeter afhangende van die bestuursisteemopsie, maar kan nie die armoedsvlak oorskry nie (een VSA doller per dag per persoon). Die rangorde van die bestuursisteem kan verander afhangende van watter beleidsinstrument toegepas word.
30
Hawley, Greer Leigh. "Ectomycorrhizal characterisation, species diversity and community dynamics in Pinus patula Schelcht. et Cham. plantations". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1165/.
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Gunter, Jennifer. "Creating the conditions for sustainable community forestry in B.C, a case study of the Kaslo and District Community Forest". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0011/MQ61436.pdf.
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Mitchell-Banks, Paul Jonathan. "Tenure arrangements for facilitating community forestry in British Columbia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ46394.pdf.
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Paul, Carolyn. "Long-term response of a temperate forest community to prescribed burning and thinning". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/527651.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BiologyM.S.
Temperate deciduous forests of eastern North America are undergoing a long-term compositional shift from oak/hickory-dominated forests to maple/birch-dominated forests, resulting in decreased species diversity and more homogeneous understory communities. This shift is likely due to secondary regrowth after extensive logging and intensive fire suppression efforts that together allowed shade-tolerant but fire-intolerant species to flourish. Managers have more recently sought to use forest management practices to counteract this shift. Our aim in this study was to improve understanding of how prescribed burning and mechanical tree thinning shape forest communities and the extent to which they favor declining species and communities of temperate eastern deciduous forest. We conducted our study at Fort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center in south-central Pennsylvania. Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning have been conducted onsite since 2003. Forestry plots were surveyed in 2003 just prior to management implementation and again about ten years after intensive management began, during 2013-2014. The data collected at forestry plots, including number of stems, tree diameter at breast height, management activities undertaken at the plot, and other environmental characteristics were analyzed using model selection and generalized linear mixed models. A broader community analysis was then conducted using non-metric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) analyses. Specifically, we analyzed tree species persistence, changes in tree basal area, changes in the abundance of tree stems, and changes in the the distribution of basal area and stems within 16 tree species targeted for management and throughout the forest community as a whole following management action. Burning and thinning both had significant effects on tree species persistence, basal area, and stem abundance. The interaction of the two management techniques was rarely significant, but since thinning and burning affected different species of trees, the two management practices were complementary. At a whole community level, management by both burning and thinning shifted the forest composition back toward an oak/hickory-dominated forest, and without such management the shift to a maple/birch-dominated forest is likely to continue.
Temple University--Theses
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Yadama, Gautam Nagabushana. "Comparative analysis of governmental and nongovernmental community development programs: A study of community forestry programs in Andhra Pradesh, India". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054749561.
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Singh, R. "Gender, participation and community forestry : the case of joint forest management in Madhya Pradesh, India". Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639044.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Informed by 'women, environment and development' (WED) and ecofeminist discourses, the importance of women's participation in community forestry is gaining wider acceptance among policy planners and development practitioners. These discourses assume an affinity between the goals of forest development and gender interests of women. This thesis questions the validity of this 'affinity' by exploring gender aspects of emergent community-based institutions in the context of the Indian model of community forestry, popularly known as joint forest management (JFM). Adopting a case study approach, the thesis focuses on the engendered nature of incentives, opportunities, and constraints to co-operation and participation in JFM practices. It chooses three villages in the Harda Forest Division of Madhya Pradesh for detailed study. The central thesis of the study is that there is a limited understanding on the part of foresters about the existing power relations and social hierarchies of the rural participating communities in JFM. The naivety of JFM practitioners more often than not, it is argued, results in skewed decision-making in favour of dominant groups. This limits the opportunities open to weaker sections, particularly women, to participate in community institutions. Field evidence on the patterns of forest use leads me to question the 'special' relationship between women and the forest in the dominant WED approaches. The evidence also demonstrates that women's relationships with the forest are rooted in the material realities of their overall livelihood strategies and in which forest-based activities constitute only one component.
36
Masuku, Sipho Sikhumbuzo. "Socio-economic, cultural and policy issues impacting on community forestry development : a case study of Hlabisa district in Kwazulu-Natal". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/818.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
South Africa is not well-endowed with indigenous forests and those that remain are known to be degraded and declining at an alarming rate. This constitutes a direct threat to the quality of life of the resource-poor rural households which are directly dependent on the resources indigenous forests offer, as well as to ecological integrity. It is also recognised that the declining tree resources, particularly the indigenous tree species of high value, are increasingly threatened by a number of growing subsistence demands. This emphasises the need to establish, cultivate and conserve high-value tree species. Community forestry is recognised as a viable option for optimising land productivity; reducing pressure on indigenous forests and woodlands; ensuring a sustainable supply of desired tree products and services; and improving the quality of life of the resource-poor rural households. The primary purpose of Community Forestry Development (CFD) in the Hlabisa District is the provision of an information service and of technical support to enhance the livelihoods of rural communities by means of tree-related resources. Community forestry mainly focuses on tree resources that form an integral part of or contribute to rural people’s livelihoods. This includes small-scale growers (woodlots), woodlands and indigenous forests. Community forestry can be defined as tree growing and managed by the people for the people. Community forestry encompasses a wide range of activities which include farm forestry, agroforestry, village planting, woodlots, woodland management and indigenous-forest management by rural people, as well as tree planting in urban and peri-urban areas. Natural forests in South Africa account for less than 1 percent of the total land area. It has been suggested that these natural forests will no longer be able to meet the demand for forest products by 2020. The KwaZulu Department of Agriculture and Forestry embarked on community forestry in 1976 (but only on an ad hoc basis) as a possible solution to this dilemma. Later, the two South African pulp and paper giants, SAPPI and Mondi, started the Project Grow and Khulanathi Schemes respectively. One of the objectives of out-grower schemes was to encourage rural communities to plant trees on their own lands for the economic, social and environmental benefits trees offer. For example, timber could be sold to forestry companies. Financial assistance was offered to these communities to encourage implementation of such schemes. This exercise was aimed at bringing economic activity, capacity- building and community empowerment to the rural areas. The growers would benefit from the financial assistance and the readily available market provided by the company, while the company would be able to satisfy its demand for timber.
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Acharya, Uma. "Biodiversity conservation : perceptions and concepts in community forestry in Nepal /". Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001325.
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Adhikari, Bhim. "Property rights and natural resources : socio-economic heterogeneity and common property resource management". Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288589.
Testo completo
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Farnung, Caitlin M. "Understanding the Challenges of Expanding Community Forestry in Northwest Cameroon". FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The tropical afro-montane forest of the Northwest region is unique and under direct threat from the high population density of the region. Community-based forestry management is an opportunity to sustainably manage the remaining forest fragments.
Community forestry was introduced to Cameroon with the legislation of the 1994 Forestry Law. Over two decades later little research has been conducted in the Northwest region of Cameroon. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted, and samples of forestry records were analyzed as exploratory research that would act as a base for further research.
This research found that the tenure of the community over the community forest needed to be strengthened, marginalized populations needed to be empowered to participate, and governance needed to be improved both nationally, and locally. Further research will strengthen these conclusions and help Cameroon, and community forests around the world, be effectively established and managed.
40
Smaill, Simeon John. "The Effects Of Forestry Management Practices on Microbial Community Properties". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1382.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The structure and function of microbial communities are critical to the maintenance and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystem processes. Consequently, there is substantial interest in assessing how microbial communities respond to various land management practices, and if alterations to the characteristics of microbial communities has the potential to disrupt ecosystem processes. This thesis was conducted to identify the long term effects of fertilisation and different levels of post-harvest organic matter removal on the characteristics of the FH litter and soil microbial communities in six, second rotation Pinus radiata plantation forests located around New Zealand. The six sites, established between 1986 and 1994, were sampled in 2002 and 2003. Various physical and chemical properties of the sites were measured, and litterfall production was determined. The microbial biomass in the FH litter layer and soil was determined by chloroform fumigation-extraction, and Biolog plates were used to assess the relative differences in microbial community diversity, based on patterns of substrate utilisation. Fertilisation substantially altered the physical and chemical properties of the forest floor, including FH litter moisture content, mass, carbon content, nitrogen content and carbon: nitrogen ratio and soil pH, nitrogen content and carbon: nitrogen ratio. The same range of FH litter and soil properties were also significantly changed by different levels of organic matter removal. The biomass and diversity of the FH litter and soil microbial communities were significantly altered by fertilisation and organic matter removal, and the differences in the microbial community characteristics were significantly correlated to the effects of the fertilisation and organic matter removal treatments on the physical and chemical environment in the majority of cases. The physical and chemical properties of the sites were significantly correlated to estimates of wood production, and it was also found that the characteristics of the microbial community were strongly related to productivity at several sites. The results demonstrated that fertilisation and organic matter removal regimes have had long term effects on the microbial communities at the sites. The persistence of the effects of the organic matter removal treatments were particularly noteworthy, as these treatments were applied at site establishment, and despite no subsequent reinforcement over the life of the trials, were still substantially influencing the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the FH litter and soil up to 17 years later. The results of this thesis also emphasised the value of long-term experiments in assessing the effects of disturbance on the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of forest ecosystems. Further research into the specific nature of the relationship between site productivity and microbial community characteristics was suggested as an important focus for future studies.
41
Owusu, Erasmus Henaku. "Community forest conservation in Ghana : the potential of Mount Afadjato and Agumatsa Range for ecotourism". Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246641.
Testo completo
42
ITO, Kasumi, e Hiroto MITSUGI. "Challenges and Prospects of Community Forestry in Cambodia : From the Perspective of Foresters’ Performances in the Field". 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14049.
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Hoffman, Deborah L. "Community-based sustainable forest managment: A case study of Rutland Township, Ohio". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1137583291.
Testo completo
44
Bragg, Hope A. "Attitudes and Roles of Women and Minorities in Community and Urban Forestry Professions". DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7424.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Community and urban forestry is a multifaceted field ranging from tree planting to removal, hazard assessment, and public relations. However, the racial and gender diversity of the community forestry workforce is remarkably low. To gain a better understanding of this lack of diversity, I surveyed professionals in two major community/urban forestry organizations. Age, income, and years in the profession were considered, along with education level, to determine if there is some underlying reason for low representation of women and minorities in the community/urban forestry field. I found that while white males dominated all work sectors (especially private organizations), women were concentrated in public or non-profit organizations holding positions in offices, education, or other jobs with extensive public interaction. Minorities held similar positions to women or were in entry level jobs and general tree care rather than in more professionally advanced positions. Attitudes regarding most aspects of the profession varied little based on sex or minority status, with only minor differences on advancement potential and salary.
45
Robertson, Sean Thomas. "Small-Scale Forest-Based Enterprises: Benefiting Rural Livelihoods in Developing Countries". Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37062.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Small-scale forest-based enterprises (SSFBEs) are enterprises that utilize any material or
product that is derived from forests, woodlands, or trees outside of forests and woodlands
for income generation. Characteristically, they are small, rural, household-based
operations that are technologically simple, requiring limited skills and little capital
investment. Little attention has been paid to the importance of these enterprises in
supporting rural livelihood in developing countries. At the same time, the income earned
from SSFBEs provides an incentive for forest dwellers to manage their resources at a
sustainable level, as well as helping to alleviate rural poverty. SSFBEs are, however, not
without their problems. They face unstable markets, lack of raw materials, few financial
resources, poor market access, and constraints on forest use and control, to name a few.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a qualitative overview of SSFBEs by discussing
their role in and importance to rural communities in developing countries, their
significance in poverty alleviation and forest conservation, problems they face, and
possible solutions.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
46
Swallow, Kelly A. "Ancient woodland vegetation : distinctiveness and community ecology". Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2018. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5800/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The high floristic biodiversity value of ancient woodland is widely acknowledged, as is its status as a fragmented habitat of limited spatial extent. The distinctive vegetation of ancient woodland is an important factor in its conservation. Specifically, Ancient Woodland Indicator (AWI) species have been shown to be poor dispersers and incompatible with a fragmented habitat that is subject to environmental change. In recognition of their ecological importance, both Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland (ASNW) and Ancient Replanted Woodland (ARW) are protected by legislation. This thesis took the novel approach of examining the distinctiveness and community ecology of vegetation communities in all three woodland types of ASNW, ARW, and recent woodland. Importantly, analyses were based on new high-granularity primary vegetation and soil data. To address questions raised in the literature regarding the accuracy of ancient woodland and AWI identification, this research examined the metrics used to distinguish these habitats and species. Increasingly, the literature calls for further understanding of the ecological drivers of ancient woodland vegetation distinctiveness. In response, this research tested for differences in species composition of canopy, shrub, herb layer, AWI, and moss communities across all three woodland types. For AWI species, biotic, abiotic, and biogeographical variables were analysed for their contribution to community distinctiveness. Results highlighted the importance of consistency in metric selection when assessing the distinctiveness of ancient woodland and determining indicator species. In addition to the usual alpha scale measure of distinctiveness, assessing richness and community composition at the beta and gamma scales is recommended to inform conservation. Life traits and dispersal mechanisms were important differentiators for herb layer community composition among the woodland types. AWI richness was equally strongly explained by biogeographical variables as by ASNW, ARW, and recent status. Overall, this thesis supported ecological and biogeographical explanations for the distinctiveness of ancient woodland vegetation.
47
Baker, Shawn A. "An analysis of timber trespass and theft issues in the Southern Appalachian region". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05212003-153313.
Testo completo
48
Ambus, Lisa Marie. "The evolution of devolution : evaluation of the community forest agreement in British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1981.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1998, the government of British Columbia introduced a new form of tenure for community forestry. The Community Forest Agreement (CFA) was envisioned as a unique institutional mechanism for devolution, providing resource-dependent communities and First Nations in B.C. with the authority to set the direction of forest management in their locale, and to create local benefits. Relative to the industrial status quo, there were high expectations of community forestry and what it might achieve.
This study empirically tested some of these expectations with respect to B.C.’s Community Forest Program. Taking a realist approach to evaluation, a variety of qualitative research methods were used to critically assess the structure, performance, and outcomes of the CFA.
Analysis of the CFA revealed that its structure is virtually identical to tenures designed for industrial forestry with a few minor exceptions. In the current tenure regime, the CFA devolves limited power over strategic decisions and community control largely resides at the operational level, affecting on-the-ground aspects of timber harvesting rather than enabling a broader and more holistic approach to forest management.
Outcomes of the CFA generally did not satisfy expectations that communities would commercially harvest botanical non-timber forest products, develop capacity for value-added wood processing, and utilize more environmentally-sensitive harvesting treatments. The study did find that CFAs supported local employment and were more labour intensive than industrial licensees in harvesting and silvicultural activities.
Assessing the CFA structure and the on-the-ground outcomes side-by-side, this study suggests that the impediments to realizing a more holistic form of community forestry likely have their roots in the institutional mechanism itself, rather than in the efforts of communities. Flowing from the evaluation are recommendations for government to consider devolving more power over key strategic management decisions and increasing the size of CFAs to improve their economies of scale; and recommendations for communities to build their capacity and critical social mass to leverage policy changes that may further the evolution of community forestry in B.C.
49
Nazaries, Loïc. "Impact of land-use changes on the methanotrophic community structure". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49093/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Methane (CH4) is one of the most potent greenhouse gases and its increasing concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere is linked to today’s global warming. The types of land and land-use have an impact on net CH4 fluxes, e.g. wetlands are generally net CH4 emitters while upland forest soils are a sink for CH4. This project aimed to elucidate the effect of afforestation and reforestation on net CH4 fluxes and to determine the control of the CH4-oxidising bacteria (methanotrophs) on net CH4 flux rate. This was investigated using a combination of molecular (T-RFLP, cloning/sequencing, microarray) and activity-specific (PLFA-SIP) approaches. Several sites were selected to analyse soil methanotrophs under shrubs regenerating after a fire compared to a native mature forest (in New Zealand), and under bog, grass, heath, pine and birch vegetation (in Scotland). Furthermore, a simple bottom-up approach was applied to seasonal measurements of local net CH4 fluxes in Scotland. These were upscaled to annual values in order to estimate the contribution to the national CH4 budget for each habitat investigated. The effect on CH4 mitigation of the conversion of different types of non-forested habitat to forests was then estimated. Afforestation/reforestation was always found to induce net CH4 oxidation at rates much faster than previously estimated. This preliminary analysis suggests that heathland conversion to birch forest was beneficial in term of CH4 sinks but it also induced large and permanent losses of soil C. However, bog afforestation with pine trees can potentially neutralise the national CH4 emissions from non-forested areas, while preserving soil C stocks. This project also revealed that changes in net CH4 flux due to land-use changes were closely related to shifts in the structure of the methanotrophic community. The relative abundance of members of the USCα cluster (high-affinity methanotrophs) was a strong predictor of net CH4 fluxes. Finally, the sole presence of trees suggested a niche-specific adaptation of the methanotrophs, which may have been correlated to some of the soil characteristics.
50
Md, Noor Nur Supardi. "The impact of logging on the community of palms (Arecaceae) in the lowland dipterocarp forest of Pasoh, Peninsular Malaysia". Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298516.
Testo completo