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Tesi sul tema "Communications and exchanges"

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Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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1

Clark, Leah Ruth. "Value and symbolic practices: objects, exchanges, and associations in the Italian courts (1450-1500)". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66682.

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Arguing for a reconsideration of the object's function in court life, this thesis investigates how the value of an object is tied to the role it plays in symbolic activities, which formed the basis of court relations at the end of the fifteenth century. This study thus examines the courts of Italy (particularly Ferrara and Naples) through the myriad of objects—statues, paintings, jewellery, furniture, and heraldry—that were valued for their subject matter, material forms, histories, and social functions. Such objects are considered not only as components of court life, but also as agents which activated the symbolic practices that became integral to relations within and between courts. These activities—the exchange of diplomatic gifts, the consumption of precious objects, the displaying of collectibles, and the bestowing of knightly orders—were all ways that objects acted as points of contact between individuals, giving rise to new associations and new interests. The end of the fifteenth century was a pivotal moment in the courts of Italy, fraught with alliances and counter-alliances involving not only the courts on the Italian peninsula but also abroad. The court was an important space where individuals sought to assert and legitimise their power, and this was often done through material and visual means. The court is thus examined from diverse angles, taking the object as a starting point, and tracing relationships and networks through visual, textual, material, and literary sources. Shifting the focus away from artistic intentions and patronage, this study examines how objects constitute relations, often in unpredictable ways, not only forging connections but also revealing instabilities and latent hostilities. The constant circulation of precious objects in the late fifteenth century reveals a system of value which placed importance not only on ownership, but also on the replication, copying,
En considérant la fonction de l'objet dans la vie à la cour princière, cette thèse examine comment la valeur d'un objet est liée au rôle qu'il joue dans les pratiques symboliques qui, à la fin du quinzième siècle, est à la base même des relations à la cour. Ce projet examine les cours d'Italie (en particulier celles de Ferrare et de Naples) à travers une multitude d'objet (statues, peintures, bijoux, meubles, et emblèmes héraldiques) qui étaient évalués pour leurs matériaux, leur forme, leur historique, et leurs fonctions sociales. Ces objets sont ici étudiés non seulement comme représentatifs de la vie à la cour, mais aussi comme des agents actifs des pratiques symboliques importantes aux relations entre les différents cours. Ces pratiques – l'échange de cadeaux diplomatiques, la consommation d'objets précieux, étalage d'objets de collection, et investitures dans des ordres chevaleresques – sont autant de manières par lesquelles les objets servent de point d'attache entre individus et génèrent, de la sorte, de nouvelles associations et de nouveaux intérêts.La fin du quinzième siècle était un moment clé pour les cours d'Italie, chargé des alliances et contre-alliances entre non seulement les cours de la péninsule italienne mais aussi celles de l'étranger. La cour est alors un espace important où les individus cherchent à revendiquer et à légitimer leur pouvoir par des moyens matériels et visuels. En plaçant l'objet au centre de l'investigation, ce projet, plutôt que de se préoccuper des intentions artistiques ou mécénales, redirige l'attention sur la fonction certaine, mais combien variable, des objets dans la formation de relations sociales et démontre comment elle peut révéler l'existence de tensions et d'hostilités latentes. La circulation continue d'objets précieux met en relief un système de valeurs qui est à l'œuvre à la fin du quinzièm
2

Vucetic, Vojislav. "High capacity communication structures for packet switching exchanges". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46598.

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3

Haray, Aimee H. "Effects of Picture Exchange Training on Communication Topographies". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9849/.

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The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) has been used with children with autism and other developmental disabilities as an alternative to vocal communication. Some researchers have reported rapid acquisition of picture-exchange requesting as well as increased vocal speech and increased spontaneous social interactions following PECS training. Earlier research has found that although 3 children with autism learned to exchange pictures for preferred items during PECS training, requesting topographies did not change and vocal speech did not increase after PECS training. The present study evaluated the effects of PECS training on requesting topographies, especially vocal speech, with 3 participants with autism and mental retardation. Only one participant maintained picture-exchange requesting, and none of the participants showed an increase in vocal speech during probe sessions conducted after each PECS training phase.
4

Haray, Aimee H. Glenn Sigrid S. "Effects of picture exchange training on communication topographies". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9849.

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5

Valovoi, Vadym. "Transformations in cross-cultural communication". Thesis, Молодь у глобалізованому світі: академічні аспекти англомовних фахових досліджень (англ. мовою) / Укл., ред. А.І.Раду: збірник мат. конф. - Львів: ПП "Марусич", 2011. - 147 с, 2011. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/20865.

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6

MacDonald, Lightbound Penelope. "An Analysis of Interlanguage Errors in Synchronous/Asynchronous Intercultural Communication Exchanges". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9786.

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This study deals with the computer-aided analysis of interlanguage errors made by the participants in intercultural telematic simulations involving university students and professionals from five European countries. The simulation involves the participants in producing a large amount of written discourse, all in English, which is composed and sent via computers as either synchronous or asynchronous communication. Using the Error Tagging Method and Error Editor developed by the Centre for English Corpus Linguistics at the Université Catholique de Louvain in Belgium, the interlanguage errors, as regards the morphological and lexical aspects, were identified, classified and tagged, while the corrected versions of the deviant forms were added. The following research questions were formulated:1. Are there more errors in the synchronous or asynchronous mode of communication?2. Is there a difference in the type of error to be found in each mode of communication3. Do the different groups have more errors of some types than others?4. Do the different groups make errors that can be associated with their particular first language (L1), in other words, does the L1 influence the type of error predominant in any one group?5. Looking in greater detail at the Spanish participants' output we enquired which errors were salient in these subjects?6. Can we identify the causes of these salient errors in the Spanish L1 group?In the section referring to the theoretical background to our research work, we begin by making reference to the interrelationship of the different functions of language depending on the contextual situation of the communicative event, in our case, as observed in the telematic simulations. We then focus on the notions of communicative competence, and error, from both a historical perspective and with regard to their significance in English as a Foreign Language teaching. The role of Information and Communication Technology in language teaching pedagogy finalises the first section of the thesis.The corpus comprised 42,059 words in the synchronous mode, and 42,625 words in the asynchronous mode.A Correspondence Analysis was carried out with the aim of verifying the relative incidence of error types according to the L1 of the participants by investigating the different variables and their effect on the type and frequency of the errors, depending on the mode of communication. As regards the answers to the research questions formulated, there were indeed more errors in the synchronous mode of communication than the asynchronous, as we hypothesised, although when examining the exact types of errors, some categories were more frequent in the synchronous mode (the formal and grammatical errors, among others), while in the asynchronous, errors of style and lexis were higher. A further analysis of the data revealed that the frequency of error types varied with each different L1 group participating in the simulation, and when the Correspondence Analysis was carried out, this showed that highly relevant associations could be established as regards the relation between participants' L1 and specific error types. After examining the results, we concluded that the L1 of the learners does in fact influence the type of error made. Following this comparative analysis of interlanguage output, we focused on the errors in the corpus made by the Spanish L1 group, classifying them, and commenting on their nature and frequency. The results obtained revealed that mother tongue interference appears to be the cause of a significant number of errors in the formal and lexical categories.
La investigación que se llevó a cabo en la elaboración de esta tesis presenta el objetivo fundamental de abordar un análisis exhaustivo de los errores interlingua acaecidos en un tipo de comunicación intercultural donde el discurso es de tipo síncrono -en tiempo real- y, asíncrono -en tiempo diferido. El corpus analizado procede de la comunicación escrita entre grupos multidisciplinares que participan en una simulación telemática -a distancia- a nivel internacional. Los sujetos participantes proceden de cinco universidades europeas localizadas en Noruega, Latvia, Alemania, Francia y España. El estudio demuestra que existen ciertos tipos de errores que se repiten con mayor frecuencia, dependiendo del modo de comunicación. De igual modo, indica que hay categorias de errores que se dan con mayor frecuencia dependiendo de la lengua materna de los sujetos participantes en la simulación. Por último, se llevó a cabo un sub-análisis de los sujetos españoles, cuyo resultado demuestra que la interferencia de la lengua materna es una de las causas principales de los errores formales y léxicos de este grupo de participantes
7

Zayene, Mariem. "Cooperative data exchange for wireless networks : Delay-aware and energy-efficient approaches". Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0033/document.

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Avec le nombre croissant d’appareils intelligents à faible puissance, au cours ces dernières années, la question de l’efficacité énergétique a joué un rôle de plus en plus indispensable dans la conception des systèmes de communication. Cette thèse vise à concevoir des schémas de transmission distribués à faible consommation d’énergie pour les réseaux sans fil, utilisant la théorie des jeux et le codage réseau instantanément décodable (IDNC), qui est une sous-classe prometteuse du codage réseau. En outre, nous étudions le modèle de l'échange coopératif de donnée (CDE) dans lequel tous les périphériques coopèrent en échangeant des paquets codés dans le réseau, jusqu’à ce qu’ils récupèrent tous l’ensemble des informations requises. En effet, la mise en œuvre du CDE basé sur l’IDNC soulève plusieurs défis intéressants, notamment la prolongation de la durée de vie du réseau et la réduction du nombre de transmissions afin de répondre aux besoins des applications temps réel. Par conséquent, contrairement à la plupart des travaux existants concernant l’IDNC, nous nous concentrons non seulement sur le délai, mais également sur l’énergie consommée. En premier lieu, nous étudions le problème de minimisation de l’énergie consommée et du délai au sein d’un petit réseau IDNC coopératif, entièrement connecté et à faible puissance. Nous modélisons le problème en utilisant la théorie des jeux coopératifs de formation de coalitions. Nous proposons un algorithme distribué (appelé “merge and split“) permettant aux nœuds sans fil de s’auto-organiser, de manière distribuée, en coalitions disjointes et indépendantes. L’algorithme proposé garantit une consommation d’énergie réduite et minimise le délai de complétion dans le réseau clustérisé résultant. Par ailleurs, nous ne considérons pas seulement l'énergie de transmission, mais aussi la consommation de l'énergie de calcul des nœuds. De plus, nous nous concentrons sur la question de la mobilité et nous analysons comment, à travers la solution proposée, les nœuds peuvent s’adapter à la topologie dynamique du réseau. Par la suite, nous étudions le même problème au sein d’un réseau large et partiellement connecté. En effet, nous examinons le modèle de CDE multi-sauts. Dans un tel modèle, nous considérons que les nœuds peuvent choisir la puissance d’émission et change ainsi de rayon de transmission et le nombre de voisin avec lesquels il peut entrer en coalition. Pour ce faire, nous modélisons le problème avec un jeu à deux étages; un jeu non-coopératif de contrôle de puissance et un jeu coopératif de formation de coalitions. La solution optimale du premier jeu permet aux joueurs de coopérer à travers des rayons de transmission limités en utilisant la théorie des jeux coopérative. En outre, nous proposons un algorithme distribué “merge and split“ afin de former des coalitions dans lesquelles les joueurs maximisent leurs utilités en termes de délai et de consommation d’énergie. La solution proposée permet la création d’une partition stable avec une interférence réduite et une complexité raisonnable. Nous démontrons que la coopération entre les nœuds au sein du réseau résultant, permet de réduire considérablement la consommation d’énergie par rapport au modèle coopératif optimal qui maintient le rayon de transmission maximal
With significantly growing number of smart low-power devices during recent years, the issue of energy efficiency has taken an increasingly essential role in the communication systems’ design. This thesis aims at designing distributed and energy efficient transmission schemes for wireless networks using game theory and instantly decodable network coding (IDNC) which is a promising network coding subclass. We study the cooperative data exchange (CDE) scenario in which all devices cooperate with each other by exchanging network coded packets until all of them receive all the required information. In fact, enabling the IDNC-based CDE setting brings several challenges such us how to extend the network lifetime and how to reduce the number of transmissions in order to satisfy urgent delay requirements. Therefore, unlike most of existing works concerning IDNC, we focus not only on the decoding delay, but also the consumed energy. First, we investigate the IDNC-based CDE problem within small fully connected networks across energy-constrained devices and model the problem using the cooperative game theory in partition form. We propose a distributed merge-and-split algorithm to allow the wireless nodes to self-organize into independent disjoint coalitions in a distributed manner. The proposed algorithm guarantees reduced energy consumption and minimizes the delay in the resulting clustered network structure. We do not only consider the transmission energy, but also the computational energy consumption. Furthermore, we focus on the mobility issue and we analyse how, in the proposed framework, nodes can adapt to the dynamic topology of the network. Thereafter, we study the IDNC-based CDE problem within large-scale partially connected networks. We considerate that each player uses no longer his maximum transmission power, rather, he controls his transmission range dynamically. In fact, we investigate multi-hop CDE using the IDNC at decentralized wireless nodes. In such model, we focus on how these wireless nodes can cooperate in limited transmission ranges without increasing the IDNC delay nor their energy consumption. For that purpose, we model the problem using a two-stage game theoretical framework. We first model the power control problem using non-cooperative game theory where users jointly choose their desired transmission power selfishly in order to reduce their energy consumption and their IDNC delay. The optimal solution of this game allows the players at the next stage to cooperate with each other through limited transmission ranges using cooperative game theory in partition form. Thereafter, a distributed multihop merge-and-split algorithm is defined to form coalitions where players maximize their utilities in terms of decoding delays and energy consumption. The solution of the proposed framework determines a stable feasible partition for the wireless nodes with reduced interference and reasonable complexity. We demonstrate that the co-operation between nodes in the multihop cooperative scheme achieves a significant minimization of the energy consumption with respect to the most stable cooperative scheme in maximum transmission range without hurting the IDNC delay
8

Johnson, Peter F. "Risk Assessment in Telephone Exchanges". Digital WPI, 2005. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/277.

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A systematic framework has been developed to assess what it is that is at risk in any given telephone exchange. This critical area procedure is designed to identify high risk areas, both in terms of potential property damage and business interruption. This procedure utilizes a functionally based approach that is pictorial in presentation n and well suited to management decision making processes.
9

Anderson, Aimee E. "Augmentative communication and autism : a comparison of sign language and the picture exchange communication system /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3027052.

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10

Briffa, Mark. "Communication during shell exchange in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324841.

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11

Baxter, Graeme. "The communication and exchange of information between state and stakeholders". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1141.

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This thesis presents a critical review of the candidate’s Portfolio of Public Output, which is based on research conducted in the period November 2000 to date, and which consists of 21 peer-reviewed, publicly available papers published since 2001. The subject area which forms the basis of the thesis is the communication and exchange of information between ‘the state’ (i.e. parliaments and governments at the local, devolved, national and European levels, as well as those who aspire to become part of the state during parliamentary elections) and its ‘stakeholders’ (i.e. citizens, businesses, interest groups, etc.). Within this overarching theme, the thesis focuses on three distinct but interrelated sub-themes: 1) the provision and communication of information by, and within, parliaments; 2) the use of the Internet for information provision and exchange by political parties and candidates during parliamentary election campaigns; and 3) the exchange of information between government and stakeholders during formal public consultation processes. Within all three sub-themes, the thesis demonstrates the candidate’s contribution to the advancement of knowledge in two key and closely linked areas: the investigation of users’ information needs and informationseeking behaviour; and the critical evaluation of information service provision. The thesis begins by placing the Portfolio of Public Output in an historical, political context, by discussing the various parliamentary and government openness, transparency and consultative agendas that have influenced or driven the research on which the 21 papers are based. It continues by describing some of the candidate’s earlier research work, to illustrate his long-standing interest in state-stakeholder information provision and exchange, before outlining the various research projects from which the Portfolio outputs have emerged. In the core part of the thesis the 21 Portfolio outputs are synthesised and considered as part of a narrative whole, which reflects critically on their contents and which illustrates the candidate’s empirical, methodological and theoretical contribution to the field of library and information science (LIS). Here, the candidate argues that he has contributed significantly towards developing a better understanding of the information behaviour of stakeholders when engaging with the state, and a greater awareness of the ways in which government and parliamentary information systems and services might be more responsive to their stakeholders’ information needs, thus theoretically enabling a more informed, engaged and participatory body politic. In terms of the candidate’s empirical contribution, the thesis demonstrates that his papers have largely been unique, relevant and timely additions to the literature, written in a conscious effort to address gaps in our knowledge of: parliamentary information services and the ways in which citizens, elected members and officials engage with parliamentary information; the nature and the extent of online information provision and exchange by political actors during parliamentary election campaigns, as well as the online behaviour of voters when attempting to determine their democratic choice; and the accessibility and communication of information during government consultative processes. With regard to the candidate’s methodological contribution, the thesis records his key role in the design of innovative and effective data collection and analytical techniques, including: a series of protocol analysis codes to record citizens’ use of parliamentary websites; frameworks and schemata for the content analyses of political actors’ election campaign websites and social media sites; the use of covert research to measure politicians’ responsiveness online; and, perhaps most significantly, the interactive, electronicallyassisted interview in a roadshow setting. In terms of his theoretical contribution, the thesis discusses the candidate’s part in the development of the theory of Information Interchange, which considers the roles and aims of both the information provider and the information user in assessing the effectiveness of the information communication process, and which is built upon the dichotomy that appears to exist between the two perspectives. The theory recognises the significance of the different agendas and objectives of the actors involved in information interchange, in what can be a complex interaction between two or more parties with potentially conflicting conceptions of the purpose of the interchange process. Throughout the thesis, the candidate considers the actual and potential impact of his work on the LIS academic and practitioner communities. His 21 Portfolio outputs have created considerable academic interest internationally, and have been discussed and critiqued in numerous text books, journal articles, conference papers, research reports and doctoral theses; although there is only minimal evidence of others adopting, or adapting, his data collection and analytical techniques. While interest has been most significant amongst those in the LIS field, the multidisciplinary relevance of the candidate’s work has resulted in it being cited by authors from a wide range of other disciplines, from business administration to computing, and from engineering to public relations. In terms of the more practical impact of the candidate’s research work, on government and parliamentary information services and practices, the picture has been mixed. Research commissioned by the European Parliament has had the clearest and most significant impact, on its Library’s marketing and service strategies. In some cases, although a number of the candidate’s recommendations — relating to parliamentary public information services in the UK, and Scottish Government website deficiencies — have subsequently been addressed by these bodies, no direct causal relationship can be established. In other cases — particularly in relation to Scottish Government consultative processes, and the online electioneering of parliamentary candidates in Scotland — his recommendations have been ignored completely, and information practices have remained idiosyncratic, inconsistent and flawed. The thesis concludes by considering some of the candidate’s future research plans and opportunities in the specific field of state-stakeholder information provision and exchange.
12

Karanges, Emma Ruth. "Optimising employee engagement with internal communication : a social exchange perspective". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/71024/1/Emma_Karanges_Thesis.pdf.

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Drawing on principles of social exchange this thesis employs mediated regression to investigate the relationship between internal communication and employee engagement in the Australian workforce. Findings suggest organisations and supervisors should focus internal communication efforts toward building greater perceptions of support and stronger identification among employees in order to foster optimal engagement. This research contributes to public relations and management scholarship through understanding how perceived support and identification act as mediating mechanisms in the relationship between internal communication and employee engagement at the organisational and supervisory level.
13

Godson, Linda I. "Conversational Structure in Electronic Mail Exchanges". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4848.

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Electronic mail has become a widely used medium of communication in academia, government, and business. It is unique as a communication medium because it makes conversations across time, space, and organizational levels possible. The ability of electronic mail to "forward" a message allows for the creation of chains that preserve the entire conversation for each participant. This appears to be a new linguistic form in which the interactive features of spoken conversation are realized using electronically transmitted text. The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent of the similarities and differences between spoken conversation and electronic mail exchanges. The research questions addressed were 1) What techniques that occur in spoken conversations also occur in electronic mail exchanges?, and 2) How are the techniques used in spoken conversations modified or different in electronic mail exchanges? The data used in this study consisted of electronic mail text collected by the author in the course of her daily work in the data processing division of a large financial institution. The authors were computer technicians and middle managers with a wide diversity of educational backgrounds. Sixteen samples of message "chains" that contained at least three individual messages were selected for in-depth analysis. These samples were analyzed for conversational openings and closings, tum-taking mechanisms, adjacency pairs, and repetition. Of the structural features studied, repetition was used in ways most similar to its uses in spoken conversation. The feature having the most differences from spoken interaction was the tum-taking system. In the electronic mail exchanges there was more variation in the sender's selection of the next sender, including the option for multiple simultaneous replies. Openings and closings took many forms, some of them the same as in spoken conversation. Among the forms that differed were openings that resembled the salutation in a letter and closings that followed each individual message in a "chain." Adjacency pairs such as questions and closings were paired as in spoken conversation, while openings, thanks, and apologies occurred as single utterances.
14

Onomake, Umoloyouvwe Ejiroghene Ovbije. "Elite exchanges : the cultural politics of Chinese business in Nigeria". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/69510/.

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15

Tennenhouse, David Lawrence. "Site interconnection and the exchange architecture". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293885.

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16

Cieleszky, Kinga. "Long-Distance Intimacy : How Intimacy in Long-Distance Relationships Changes over Erasmus+ Exchange". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-62806.

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In recent years technology has developed significantly and rapidly become an intricate part of people’s daily life in the globalised world. There is a growing recognition that within intimate relationships, technology usage has many functions which can create both negative and positive impacts on intimacy.  Yet research on intimacy in online social relationships is still underdeveloped. This paper maps the literature on long-distance relationships and how its participants use information and communication technologies to overcome the physical detachment. The purpose of this study is to examine whether intimacy changes over Erasmus+ exchange studies in long-distance romantic and parental relationships. Data from an online survey of 100 Erasmus+ exchange students residing in Budapest, Hungary were analysed to see whether the quality of their relationship worsens during the exchange period. Based on the data collected it can be concluded that the majority of respondents does not experience critical decay in neither of their relationships and that preparation for distance communication with ICTs is not strongly connected to preventing a decay in intimacy.
17

Huang, Lei. "[The] Exchange of emotional and cognitive information in word of mouth communications". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107476.

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This dissertation demonstrates that people engage in word-of-mouth (WOM)communication not only to exchange information so as to make better choices, but alsoto establish social connections with others. Specifically, we find that people exchangeemotional information more often than cognitive information in WOM.
Cette thèse démontre que les gens communiquent par bouche à oreille nonseulement pour échanger l'information afin de faire de meilleurs choix, mais égalementpour établir des rapports sociaux avec les autres. Spécifiquement, nous trouvons que lesgens partagent l'information émotive plus souvent que l'information cognitive enbouche à oreille.
18

Schnell, Felicia. "Multicast Communication for Increased Data Exchange in Data- Intensive Distributed Systems". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232132.

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Abstract (sommario):
Modern applications are required to handle and communicate an increasing amount of data. Meanwhile, distributed systems containing multiple computationally weak components becomes more common, resulting in a problematic situation. Choosing among communication strategies, used for delivering message between entities, therefore becomes crucial in order to efficiently utilize available resources. Systems where identical data is delivered to many recipients are common nowadays, but may apply an underlying communication strategy based on direct interaction between sender and receiver which is insufficient. Multicasting refers to a technique for group communication where messages can be distributed to participating nodes in a single transmission. This technique is developed to circumvent the problem of high workload on sender side and redundant traffic in the network, and constitutes the focus for this thesis. Within the area of Electronic Warfare and self-protection systems, time constitutes a critical aspect in order to provide relevant information for decision making. Self-protection systems developed by Saab, used in military aircrafts, must provide situational awareness to guarantee that correct decisions can be made at the right time. With more advanced systems, where the amount of data needed to be transmitted increases, the need of fast communication is essential to achieve quality of service. This thesis investigates how the deployment of multicast, in a distributed data-intensive system, could prepare a system for increased data exchange. The result is a communication design which allows for the system to distribute messages to a group of receivers with less effort from the sender and with reduced redundant traffic transferred over the same link. Comparative measurements are conducted between the new implementation and the old system. The result of the evaluation shows that the multicast solution both can decrease the time for message handling as well as the workload on endpoints significantly.
Nutidens applikationer måste kunna hantera och kommunicera en ökad datamängd. Samtidigt har distribuerade system bestående av många beräkningsmässigt svaga enheter blivit allt mer vanligt, vilket är problematiskt. Valet av kommunikationsstrategi, för att leverera data mellan enheter i ett system, är därför av stor betydelse för att uppnå effektivt utnyttjande av tillgängliga resurser. System där identisk information ska distribueras till flertalet mottagare är vanligt förekommande idag. Den underliggande kommunikationsstrategin som används kan dock baseras på direkt interaktion mellan sändare och mottagare vilket är ineffektivt. Multicast (Flersändning) syftar till ett samlingsbegrepp inom datorkommunikation baserat på gruppsändning av information. Denna teknik är utvecklad för att kringgå problematiken med hög belastning på sändarsidan och dessutom minska belastningen på nätverket, och utgör fokus för detta arbete. Inom telekrigföring och självskyddssystem utgör tiden en betydande faktor för att kunna tillhandahålla relevant information som kan stödja beslutsfattning. För självskyddssystem utvecklade av Saab, vilka används i militärflygplan, är situationsmedvetenhet av stor betydelse då det möjliggör för att korrekta beslut kan tas vid rätt tidpunkt. Genom utvecklingen av mer avancerade system, där mängden meddelanden som måste passera genom nätverket ökar, tillkommer höga krav på snabb kommunikation för att kunna åstadkomma kvalité. Denna uppsatsrapport undersöker hur införandet av multicast, i ett dataintensivt distribuerat system, kan förbereda ett system för ökat datautbyte. Arbetet har resulterat i en kommunikationsdesign som gör det möjligt för systemet att distribuera meddelanden till grupp av mottagare med minskad belastning på sändarsidan och mindre redundant trafik på de utgående länkarna. Jämförandet mätningar har gjorts mellan den nya implementationen och det gamla systemet. Resultaten visar att multicast-lösningen både kan reducera tiden för meddelande hantering samt belastningen på ändnoder avsevärt.
19

Kirkpatrick, Jamie E. "GENERALIZATION TRAINING FOR IMPROVISATIONAL SKILLS USING A PICTURE EXCHANGE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313422708.

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20

Andreasson, Samuel, e Jesper Palmér. "OPC UA Field eXchange Prototyping : Enabling decentralized communication using Publish/Subscribe". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45029.

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Abstract (sommario):
Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture, or OPC UA, is a world-leading communication protocol specializing in unifying and automating production systems communication. In 2018 the OPC Foundation, an industrial consortium, started the OPC UA Field eXchange initiative to develop the current protocol to extend the reach of the communication down to field level devices like sensors and actuators. This paper explores whether OPC UA FX software can be implemented and integrated with HMS Networks’ product AnyBus CompactCom M40.  The problem formulation stems from the future need for factory communication. For factories to compete, they need to adapt and keep up with the technological progression. OPC UA FX is based on decentralized communication where devices transmit data to each other by distributing the load over the entire system.   The purpose of this report is to, based on the Open62541 implementation, develop software that extends OPC UA with PubSub functionality and methods that enable two or more instances to run as an FX application, meaning that the program publishes and subscribes data simultaneously. Once the software is developed, we integrate it on an AnyBus CompactCom 40 module. This will work as a communication prototype that proves that it is possible to extend OPC UA with FX into HMS Networks’ products.  Open62541 is used to gather libraries and methods needed for OPC UA development. The software is developed using C in Visual Studios and integrated into the hardware using Eclipse.  The result in the form of software was a connection-oriented data exchange, based on the OPC UA information model, where two or more instances can publish and subscribe to information simultaneously. HMS Networks can use the result on their way to implementing OPC UA FX in their products.  In conclusion, the Open62541 implementation is beneficial when developing the OPC UA protocol. The software is complete, but it could not be fully integrated into the CompactCom module. The achieved application is still useful for the development of HMS Network’s products that might use the protocol.
Open Platform Communication Unified Architechure, eller OPC UA, är ett av de världsledande kommunikationsprotokoll som är specialiserat i att förena kommunikation i produktionssystem. 2018 startade OPC Foundation, ett industriellt konsortium, ett initiativ vid namn OPC UA Field eXchange med målet att utvekcla det nuvarande protokollet så att det kan användas till kommunikation på låg nivå, exempelvis mellan sensorer och ställdon. Denna rapport utforskar ifall det är möjligt att utveckla protokollet och integrera det i HMS Networks modul AnyBus CompactCom 40.  Problemformluleringen baseras på framtida behov hos fabriker relaterat till automatisering. För att konkurrera framöver behöver fabriker anpassa sig till utvecklingen inom automatisering. OPC UA FX fokuserar på decentralierad kommunikation mellan enheter som fältanordning, maskin och moln samtidigt för att belastningen ska delas upp över hela systemet. Samtidigt som enheter i industiella nätverket fritt ska kunna överföra data mellan varandra oberoende vilken tillverkare som skapat enheten.   Syftet med arbetet är att, baserat på Open62541, utveckla PubSub teknologi med metoder som möjlighetsgör att två eller fler instanser av en FX applikation ska kunna transportera data genom att prenumerera på och publicera data samtidigt. När mjukvaran fungerar är tanken att integrera mjukvaran på en AnyBus CompactCom 40 modul för att bevisa att implementationen är möjlig i ett praktiskt sammanhang.  Open62541 används för att inkludera nödvändiga OPC UA bibliotek, funktionalitet och datatyper. Protokollet utvecklas i C i en VisualStudio miljö och integreras med hjälp av Eclipse. Resultatet i form av mjukvara var en kopplings intriktat data utbyte, baserad på OPC UA information modell, där en eller två instanser av ett program kan publicera och prenumerera på data samtidigt. HMS Networks kan använda resultatet i arbetet att implementera OPC UA FX i deras produkter. ​Sammanfattningsvis är Open62541 ett mycket användbart verktyg för utvekcling av OPC UA protokol. Dessvärre lyckades inte integrationen av mjukvaran i CompactCom modulen helt och hållet, men det som åstadkommits i arbetet kan i hög grad användas för fortsatt utveckling av OPC UA FX i HMS Networks produkter.
21

Bonn, Georg. "Communication Flow, Information Exchange and Their Impact on Human Rights Violations". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277910/.

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Although international human rights declarations exist, violations of human rights are still sad but also common facts around the world. But for repressive regimes, it becomes more and more difficult to hide committed human rights violations, since society entered the "Information Revolution." This study argues that the volume of international information exchanged influences a country's human rights record. A pooled cross sectional time series regression model with a lagged endogenous variable and a standard robust error technique is used to test several hypotheses. The findings of this study indicate that the flow of information can be related to a country's human rights index. The study also suggests that more empirical work on this topic will be necessary.
22

Jarnagin, Andrew B. "Effective digital exchange of three dimensional geometric models". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16442.

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23

Liu, Xiaoning. "Bluetooth information exchange network". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/722.

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Bluetooth is a low cost and low power wireless technology for connecting portable and / or fixed Bluetooth enabled devices to form short-range wireless ad hoc personal area networks (PANs). As the Bluetooth specification does not specify a protocol to form ad hoc Bluetooth networks, a method for forming an efficient Bluetooth network under a practical networking scenario is still an open research problem. This thesis introduces an approach to implement an indoor ad hoc Bluetooth wireless network, Bluetooth information exchange network (BIEN). This network formation is based on Bluetooth and Java technologies. A set of Bluetooth enabled devices configured with the BIEN software application are able to spontaneously establish a dynamic multi-hop wireless network using Bluetooth technology without the need of formal network infrastructure, centralized administration, fixed routers or access points. In this study, the performance evaluation focuses on the relation between network capacity and topology by testing end-to-end performance in terms of throughput and the latency of communication links with various parameters, including the hop number between nodes and the number of slaves in piconets. The evaluation results show that the throughput reduces with the increased length of a path, and with an increase in the number of slaves in a piconet in the network. The latency also increases with path length, and with the number of slaves in a piconet in the different experimental BIENs, whether if there is traffic or not in the networks. Experimental results have further confirmed the necessity to minimize the number of bridge nodes in the Bluetooth networks due to their traffic bottleneck effect. This work is an attempt at implementation of a distributed multi-hop scatter net with an integrated routing protocol in the practical environments, while most of the literature focuses on covering the modelling of it. It intends to demonstrate how Bluetooth technology with Java technology can be used to design, develop and deploy ad hoc wireless networks with the commercial Bluetooth devices, and examine how well Bluetooth technology supports ad hoc multi-hop wireless network technology.
24

Marckel, Julie Michelle. "Teaching Improvisation with the Picture Exchange Communication System to Children with Autism". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392817457.

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25

Mitchell, Ryan Nathaniel. "The Correlation between Virtual Communication and Employee Engagement". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/497.

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Managers' ability to engage virtual employees (those in different geographic locations) is a determining factor of employee productivity and commitment to an organization. Since 2005, the number of U.S.-based virtual employees increased; however, research regarding virtual communication and employee engagement is limited. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine if a significant correlation exists between employee engagement (the dependent variable) and the quantity and perceived quality of virtual management communication (the independent variables). The research question assessed the correlation among the quantity of time managers spend communicating with virtual employees, quality of virtual communication, and employee engagement. Homans's social exchange theory served as the theoretical framework. Data collection involved an online survey from 71 U.S.-based virtual employees, working primarily from home. The results of the regression analysis were statistically significant, F(2, 67) = 7.14, p = .002, R2 = .18, indicating that quantity of time a manager a spent communicating with virtual employees and the virtual employees' perceived quality of communication positively affected employee engagement. Findings indicated that managers who communicate more frequently and have a higher perceived quality of communication are more likely to have engaged employees. Business leaders can use this study to inform managers of the need for frequent, high-quality communication with their virtual employees. The findings will contribute to social change by providing organizational leaders with useful strategic information to increase the employee engagement of home-based virtual employees.
26

Paczkowski, William F. "Monitoring of Electronic Communications| Justice, Connectedness, and Social Exchange Influences on Employee Job Attitudes". Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10606411.

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The proliferation and changing nature of electronic communications (e.g., email, texting, instant messaging, Skype, etc.) as a necessary resource for knowledge requires continuing research in order to understand how these technologies affect relationships among managers and their employees. I seek to measure the extent to which employees’ perceived email content monitoring (PECM), defined as the extent to which employees believe that their emails are being read regardless of whether that is done within the organization, affects their behavior and job attitudes. Further, employees’ supervisors can monitor how and when employees utilize electronic communications as a means of evaluating job performance. Employees’ perceived email activity monitoring (PEAM), defined as the extent to which employees perceive that their usage of email is being monitored by their supervisors, can have negative attitudinal effects. Job attitudes can be especially impacted where the monitoring of the actual content of emails and/or email usage behaviors is considered to be inappropriate, overly intrusive, or beyond the scope of traditional managerial monitoring practices.

In order to help understand the implications of electronic communication monitoring in the workplace, I investigate how theoretical social exchange mechanisms of leader-member exchange (LMX) and perceived organizational support (POS) influence employee attitudinal outcomes including job satisfaction, organizational commitment, stress, and work/life conflict. I also develop a concept of “monitoring justice” that can be employed by managers to defer the potential for negative implications of monitoring. Further, I explore how the level of importance that individuals place on being connected to their organization via electronic communication technology can exacerbate the social exchange relationships and resulting job attitudinal outcomes.

The findings of this study suggest that formal monitoring of email content reduces levels of social exchange and results in negative employee attitudes regarding their work environment. However, where employees determine that there is a sufficient level of monitoring justice, these negative responses to monitoring were not found to be significant. Further, I found that high levels of monitoring of electronic communication usage behavior significantly decreased social exchange levels and negatively impacted attitudinal outcomes. This negative result was increased where employees attributed high levels of importance to remaining connected to their organization. This dissertation suggests that organizational leadership take the perceptions of their employees and overall effects on job attitudes into account when engaging in electronic communication monitoring practices.

27

Tarandi, Väino. "Neutral intelligent CAD communication : information exchange in construction based upon a minimal schema". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2657.

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An improved information exchange is frequently proposed asone solution to the inefficiency problems which theconstruction industry is suffering from today. Such animprovement is very dependent of the use of informationtechnology, IT. To enable an advanced use of IT, there is aneed for integrated project communications frameworks andintegrated industry wide information. This thesis discusses how product models can be used toimprove the information exchange from design to construction.Today there are several approaches to product modelling. Someresearchers propose very detailed models whereas others proposegeneric models with fewer concepts. In this area there is aclose connection between research and standardisation, which iscarried out by organisations such as the ISO STEP committee andthe International Alliance for Interoperability. To get acceptance for a standard proposal, it has to beaccepted by both users and standardisation bodies. Thus thisresearch, in addition to the technical requirements oninformation content and structure, also discusses successfactors for standardisation, implementation and usage. In order to define important requirements on a product modelfor information exchange between design and construction,current research, development and standardisation in the fieldof product modelling was studied. This thesis advocates a minimal approach in the number ofconcepts used in a product model, in combination with anexternal building element classification, following nationalindustry practice. The minimal NICC schema, developed duringthis research, was tested in a prototype and test study. Threeapplications were tested: PreFacto (planning tool), MicrosoftProject (time scheduling tool) and Calc3(cost estimation tool).From the CAD-system MCAD, NICC files with the building objectswere created and transferred into a relational database fromwhich the three applications received their specific inputfiles. The results of the evaluation of the NICC schema and thetest study demonstrated that a product model based on fewconcepts can manage the required information exchange. Keywords:construction, product models, standardisation,minimal models, requirements, conceptual schema, thesis
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Tarandi, Väino. "Neutral intelligent CAD communication : information exchange in construction based upon a minimal schema /". Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/tara0529.html.

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29

Cumming, Deborah. "An investigation into the communication exchange between small business client and graphic designer". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/647.

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Graphic designers encounter particular difficulties when undertaking work for small business clients. Identifying the core business values is an essential step to ensure that a successful design solution results. An initial case study involving the merger of two established businesses, highlighted difficulties that arose as a result of poor communication and a failure to identify the core business values and subsequently translate these into the design brief. The research aimed to gain an understanding of the key influences that surround the communication exchange concerning small business core values that inform the graphic design process. Graphic design, communication theory, business models and small business practice were drawn upon to inform this study. The literature review found that little formal research had previously been conducted on this topic. Participant observation and action research were the selected methodological approaches adopted, involving the author as researcher and also graphic design practitioner. Following a series of nine case studies that focused on the SME sector, a graphic design communication tool (CDT) was developed and evaluated with the help of four professional graphic designers. The CDT consists of a detailed questionnaire conducted with key stakeholders, developed through a formalised process of analysis, including the author as action researcher, graphic designer and facilitator. The resulting CDT represents an original contribution to the field. Using the CDT resulted in the responsibility for providing relevant information, which could be used to inform the design brief, moving away from the designer to the small business stakeholders. In addition, the role of a specialist facilitator/analyst might be developed in order to provide expert interpretation of core business values aligned to graphic design elements. The results of this research have particular significance for those working in the graphic design industry, educators and business advisors.
30

Spelman, Madeleine Jane. "Exploring internal communication's impact on psychological contract currencies". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/84989/1/Madeleine_Spelman_Thesis.pdf.

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Internal communication is a central process by which employees exchange information, build relationships and share organisational values. Fundamental to this process is the psychological contract. However, there is limited understanding of how internal communication influences psychological contract. The study contributes to theory by demonstrating that the dimensions of internal communication independently influence internal stakeholders' psychological contract beliefs. For managers, the findings can be used as a framework to improve internal communication processes and strategies.
31

Hellsing, Edvin, e Wallér William Axenborg. "Relationen kommunikationsbyrå–kund : En kvalitativ studie om vad medarbetare vid kommunikationsbyråer och deras kunder upplever som centralt i sin relation". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376782.

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The aim of the study is to develop knowledge about what employees in communication agencies and its customers perceive as central to the relationship. The research questions are: What do communication agencies experience as central to the relationship with customers? and What do customers experience as central in the relationship with communication agencies? Based on Social Exchange Theory (SET), supplemented with Behaviorally Driven Relationship Marketing Theory (BRM), we have investigated what is central in the communication agency– customer. As a basis for achieving our goal, we have in total conducted semi-structured interviews with nine people, six people from a communication agency and three of their customers. We have interviewed employees from both a communication agency and from customers to achieve a more nuanced view of the research problem. In our thematic analysis of our interview transcripts we found the concepts Phases in the Relationship, View of the Relationship, and Cooperation as central aspects. Through these aspects we illustrate the respondents' perceptions of what is central in the relationship. The study's results indicate that the longer the relationship is, the better the cooperation gets, which enables both parts possibilities to achieve desired product. In addition, a crucial part of this seems to be the start up phase and an equal view of the relationship. Furthermore, an ongoing relationship should be characterized with trust, commitment and two-way communication.
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Norvik, Kronevall Malin. "Ett kvalitativt arbete på väg : - En kvalitativ undersökning för att öka kunskapen gällande systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete inom en organisation som arbetar med vägservice". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28840.

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The purose of the study is to increase knowledge regarding systematic enviromentarl work in an organization that works with road services. Work on the road is done in a hazardous environment with constant danger regarding the life of the individual. The site of the work varies in accordance with where the needs ae . This requires skilled workers capable of working independently and that they are experienced din doing their own risk assessments in accordance with the individual believes that the situation calls for work to be performed safely. The study was conducted with a qualitative research approach in which four employees of different positions, knowledge, experience and vision to work in a hazardous environment were interviewed. The focus rests on the organization, management, and individual aspirations for a safe and secure working environment. The study adds weight to the relationship between the purchaser of the work and the organization as a prime contractor due to the compexity of the organization. Current safety legislation and related regulations are presented for an understanding of what conditions the work is performed in, Furthermore, I have focused efforts on a number of variables including motivation, safety behavior, safety climate, risk and risk perception. The survey results shows that the work on the road is specific in nature, communication with the climate and motivation of safety is of great importance to create a safe and secure environment for the skilled worker to reside in.
33

Christensen, Angela M. "Social Communication for Students with Autism: Effects of Multiple Scripts on Conversational Exchanges Within Social Dialogue". DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3564.

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Students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulty in initiating and maintaining social dialogue in multiple settings. This study examined the effects of training multiple social scripts, used in sequence, on the number of conversational exchanges within a social dialogue in four male participants with ASD. A multiple baseline design was used across participants to determine if there was an increase in the number of conversational exchanges within a social dialogue after training. In training sessions, participants learned the scripted conversations and used them to engage in social dialogue. During training sessions, scripts were completely faded for three of four participants. However, none of the participants demonstrated an increase in the number of conversational exchanges during the generalization condition in naturalistic settings. This failure to increase in the number of conversational exchanges in generalization settings could possibly be attributed to one or more of the following: a lack of a discriminative stimulus to cue the use of the script, too many words in the scripts, lack of training on more simple scripts first, and a lack of adequate time to facilitate generalization.
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Welch, Angela. "The Effects of Picture Exchange Communication System Training on the Communication Behaviors of Young Children with Autism or Severe Language Disabilities". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281125104.

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35

Bellamy, Lisa. "Student Visa Control and Information Exchange". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1640.

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Expired student visas can contribute to illegal residence in the U.S. and may also be a valuable source of information for Homeland Security. Although the reason for remaining in the U.S. might be for nonthreatening purposes, threatening actions could occur as an individual gets lost in the country. The purpose of this study was to determine how visas were issued, the reasons an individual may remain beyond the approved visa date, and the mechanisms intelligence and law enforcement agencies use to exchange information with each other. This research was based on the new war theory and the Lockwood Analytical Method for Prediction (LAMP) in order to predict results or intentions an individual may have with a student visa overstay. Quantitative nonimmigrant student visa data sets derived from the State Department were used to apply findings for a pair wise comparison. The pairwise comparison of issued visas involved completing a rank order comparison as determined by the LAMP Method. The benefit of this quantitative methods study was to demonstrate the need and reason to share information between the relevant enforcement agencies. The small detail of visas being attributed to terrorist events is minimal; however, there are known events involving visa overstays and terrorist events. The results noted major trends in the number of nonimmigrant student visas, organized by year, which could be directly linked to changes in U.S. international relations with other countries. This quasi-experimental research influences positive social change by utilizing information amongst law enforcement and intelligence agencies in accordance with location of individuals residing in the U.S. on expired student visas.
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Desmond, Catherine Sarah. "Generalisation of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) across transfer facilitated and non-facilitated settings". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9286.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which PECS would generalise from the training setting to other familiar settings as a function of properties of the settings. It was predicted that PECS would generalise better to the setting where PECS use facilitated was by having the same communicative partners and items available. Three preschool children all with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) were trained to use the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to a minimum proficiency level of Phase 3. The experiment employed an ABA single case design with multiple target measures, replicated across participants, acknowledging that observations in the first baseline would be zero. Transfer of PECS across settings varied for each participant. One participant generalised PECS to the facilitated environment more than the non-facilitated environment as predicted. Another participant transferred PECS better to the non-facilitated environment compared to the facilitated environment contrary to the research prediction. The final participant did not generalise PECS to either environment, switching to functional verbal communication instead.
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Dahlén, Marcus. "Security Architecture and Technologies for the Electronic Document Exchange with SOAP as Communication Protocol". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2835.

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In many industries the tracking and tracing of products within the supply chain is required by law. Companies in the metal working industry exchange so-called material test reports, which specify the product’s properties, the customer’s requirements, and serve as an assurance between the supplier and the customer. Internet technologies have changed the way companies exchange information and conduct business. In the metal working industry companies can implement an intermediary platform and make the exchange of material test reports more efficient. Furthermore, a client application that allows the company to export test reports from their information system directly to the intermediary can significantly decrease the processing costs. This inter-organizational collaboration can render an increase in productivity for customers and suppliers.

The main goal of the thesis is to analyze how companies in a supply chain can exchange documents with an intermediary over the protocol SOAP as well as support companies by showing a structured procedure for how to achieve security in a system using SOAP. SOAP is a platform independent XML-based communication protocol. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is of major importance in e-business applications, because of its platform, language, and vendor independent way of describing data. As a universal data format, it enables the seamless connection of business systems.

SOAP does not provide any security and is usually implemented over HTTP, which allows it to pass through firewalls. Companies are only prepared to join an inter-organizational collaboration if IT-security is guaranteed. In the exchange of material test reports, security has two objectives. The first is to replace the handwritten signature in the paper-based document exchange. The second is to guarantee security for the material test reports as well as for the information intermediary.

SOAP’s extensibility model allows organizations to develop new extensions, which build upon the protocol and provide functions which aren’t specified. Specifications for attachments as well as for security should be implemented in the electronic document exchange. To design a secure system, each security concept, such as confidentiality, authentication and integrity, can be analyzed in its context and the appropriate standard can thereafter be implemented.

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Ikeda, Keiko. "Triadic Exchange Pattern in Multiparty Communication: A Case Study of Conversational Narrative among Friends". 名古屋大学大学院国際言語文化研究科, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11812.

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Chrouser, Olivia. "Superior-subordinate communication through the bi-focal lens of leader-member exchange and facework". Connect online, 2008. http://library2.up.edu/theses/2008_chrousero.pdf.

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Lorah, Elizabeth Rishel. "Comparing Picture Exchange and a Voice Output Communication Aid in Young Children with Autism". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/166489.

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Educational Psychology
Ph.D.
The Center for Disease Control estimates that one in 88 births result in a diagnosis of autism (CDC, 2012). Of those individuals diagnosed with autism approximately 25-61% fail to develop vocal output capabilities (Weitxz, Dexter, & Moore, 1997). The use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems, such as Picture Exchange (PE) and Voice Output Communication Aids (VOCA) has been demonstrated as effective for those individuals to acquire a mand repertoire (Mirenda, 2003). The focus of the current study was to compare mand acquisition using PE and the iPad as a VOCA, in terms of acquisition rate and participant device preference, and with regard to collateral effects on vocalizations and disruptive behaviors. Additionally, the study evaluated the effectiveness of a teaching strategy using constant time delay with full-physical prompts (Sigafoos, Doss, & Reichel, 1989) in the acquisition of a mand repertoire using PE and the iPad as a VOCA, in five preschool aged children with autism. Finally, the devices were assessed in terms of their social validity. Three participants acquired the ability to communicate using the iPad as a VOCA more readily and two participants acquired the ability to communicate more quickly using PE, while the overall rate of independent manding was higher for four participants using the VOCA. The results of the study also indicate that the use of a constant time delay procedure with full-physical prompts was effective in the acquisition of both PE and the VOCA device. Regarding preference, four participants demonstrated a clear preference for the VOCA device and one for PE, when presented with the option to respond with either device. With respect to collateral effects, the data were largely inconclusive. For one participant there was an overall increase in vocalizations, for one participant there was an overall decrease in vocalizations, for the remaining three there was no systematic change in their rate of vocalizations during or following communication training. Regarding disruptive behaviors, an overall decrease in the occurrence was seen for two participants, for the remaining three the rates of occurrence did not change systematically following communication training. Finally, in terms of social validity, both the VOCA device and PE were found to be acceptable communication tools, with educators reporting that they would not only include such training within their classroom routines, but would also recommend its use in the future.
Temple University--Theses
41

Long, Ethan Sage. "Problem-solving communication training and behavioral exchange for the treatment of parent-adolescent conflict". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1824.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 150 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-94).
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Vera, Mariela Anahi. "A social exchange and power dependency theory perspective of Mexican immigrant family communication patterns". Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/690.

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This study aimed to identify the family communication patterns that were typical of Mexican immigrant'schildhood and parenthood, along with the influence that resources and the distribution of power and dependency have within the family structure. In doing so, this study demonstrated how a change in the family communication pattern occurs after migration to the United States. Moreover, this study uncovered some of the reasons behind the change in communication. Fifteen conversational interviews were conducted in the homes of Mexican immigrants to address the following three research questions: (1) How do parents of Mexican immigrant families describe the family communication patterns that typified their communication with their parents, in terms of (a) socio-orientation versus concept orientation, (b) resources, and (c) power dependency? (2) How do parents of Mexican immigrant families describe the family communication patterns that typify their communication with their children, in terms of(a) socio-orientation versus concept orientation, (b) resources, and (c) power dependency? And (3) what suggestions do the parents of Mexican immigrant families have for improving family communication with their children? The answers provided by the participants elicited thirteen key themes that provided interesting insights about this wide and critical population. The thirteen themes indicated that Mexican immigrant parents of pre adolescent children have constructed a hybrid communication pattern, which combines traditional characteristics with open and expressive characteristics. Mexican immigrant parents of young adult and adult children have developed an open and expressive communication pattern. This study also found that resources, acquired by U.S. born children, did not affect the distribution of relational power and dependency within their families nor did they create a shift in their family's communication power. A resource that did influence both relational power and the family's communication pattern was peer dependency.
43

Barnes, Clarissa Sue. "An Evaluation of Behavioral Skills Training on the Implementation and Use of The Picture Exchange Communication System". OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/292.

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The picture exchange communication system (PECS) is a functional communication system frequently used with individuals diagnosed with autism (Frost & Bondy, 2002). Few empirical investigations have evaluated staff training procedures to train staff how to teach consumers to use PECS, and none have been published to date on training staff to promote the use of PECS outside of the training environment. Using a multiple probe design the current investigation evaluated staff training procedures for teaching Phases 1-3 of PECS to adults with autism spectrum disorders, with direct care staff. Typical staff training procedures resulted in little improvement from baseline performances for each participant. Performance following behavioral skills training improved significantly, approaching mastery criterion levels.
44

Corrigan, Michael W. "Social exchange theory, interpersonal communication motives, and volunteerism identifying motivation to volunteer and the rewards and costs associated /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2022.

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Loglia, Jennifer. "How emoticons affect leader-member exchange". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5980.

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Emoticons have been shown to be the nonverbal cues of computer-mediated communication and could therefore be a rich source of information, but they are not used in the workplace because they are considered unprofessional. This study aimed to look at the effects of emoticons on relationships, specifically between a leader and member. Participants were asked to read a fake email from a fake boss and answer several questions in regard to leader-member exchange, affective presence, perceived message positivity, perceived masculinity/femininity of the fake boss, and perceived professionalism. This study found that the use of a positive emoticon in an email message increased leader-member exchange, mediated by positive affective presence (though the use of the emoticon and positive affective presence were not linked). This study also found that when participants received a message with an emoticon, they found the sender to be both more feminine and less professional.
M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Industrial Organizational Psychology
46

Lombardi, David. "Communication and Creative Process Between Musicians From Different Cultures : A report of travels, experiences, exchanges and encounters". Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för folkmusik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-4221.

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Griggs, Lindy. "Dilemmas and discernment : towards a phenomenography of the experience of hosting in the curricula of student exchange programs /". [Bankstown, N.S.W.] : Faculty of Education, University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030513.101718/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 2000.
"Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Education, University of Western Sydney, Nepean." "June 2000" Bibliography: leaves 276 - 302.
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Koszela, Andrzej. "Development of a Communication Framework for optimized and guaranteed information exchange between train and wayside". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13371.

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Modern train systems generate vast amounts of data. Analysis of this data may sometimes not be performed on the running train, and must be transmitted to other systems operated by the train management. The ability to transfer information to and from trains is often dependent on imperfect communication channels, such as mobile phone networks. Accordingly, there is an immediate need for an effective, robust and secure communication framework to abstract away these considerations from the information producers and consumers. This project attempts to define a framework for reliable data communication using unreliable communication channels, interacting with existing train systems. The result consists of a prototype design and a .Net implementation of such a framework, as well as a generic and extensible type library corresponding to the types of data generated by the Flytoget train system. Furthermore, several performance tests were undertaken; it is shown that while the use of such a framework may be detrimental on bandwidth usage, this negative impact may be lessened by the use of compression and message batching. The results presented in this thesis will be of general use on modern train systems, while the prototype was designed specifically for Flytoget.
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Farrer, Amy. "Do children with autism use the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to make spontaneous requests?" Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/171963/.

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This review examines the research on the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), which has become a popular communication strategy for children with autism and other communication disorders. A growing body of research has shown that the system is a promising mode of communication. There is, however, a paucity of research that examines the conditions under which the PECS is used, specifically whether children use the PECS to make spontaneous requests. A lack of agreement currently exists over the definition of the term ‘spontaneity’ and so researchers of the PECS who do report instances of spontaneity may be basing the judgment on different patterns of behaviour. Skinner’s (1957) analysis of verbal behaviour and the continuum model of spontaneity (Carter, 2002,2003a; Carter & Hotchkis, 2002; Chiang & Carter, 2008) can be used to understand the development of self-initiated requesting behaviour. Both frameworks state that requests can only be considered as fully spontaneous if they occur without prompts from another person and when the desired item is not in sight. There is a lack of research that examines whether children are able to use the PECS to make requests under these conditions. Furthermore, this literature review shows that some children may be unable to use the PECS to request items not in sight because of the teaching conditions used and/or because the reinforcement practices of the community may be inefficient, and, therefore, ways of promoting spontaneity are considered.
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St, John Jeremy. "IT Offshoring Success: A Social Exchange Perspective". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9026/.

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Spending by U.S. companies in offshore IT services continues at unprecedented levels despite a high failure rate. This study fills a gap in the existing literature by examining the client-vendor offshoring relationship through the theoretical lens of social exchange theory at the organizational level of analysis from the client's perspective. Social exchange theory focuses on the exchange of activities between two parties, whether they are individuals or companies and was used as a basis for examining the client and vendor relationship. Variables were identified by a review of the literature primarily from IT outsourcing and offshoring but also from general IT, marketing, sociology and organizational science literature. Data was collected using a field survey of Fortune 500 CIOs representing a population of organizations at the forefront of the offshoring phenomenon. The survey instrument was developed based on the adaptation of previously validated scales. Hypotheses regarding the correlations between social variables such as trust, communication, dependence, power, shared values and offshoring success were tested using Spearman's rho correlation. Seven of the hypotheses were supported, four hypotheses were not supported and one hypothesis was deemed not testable due to lack of information.
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