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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Commensalism"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 9 giugno 2025

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1

Georgescu, Paul, Daniel Maxin, and Hong Zhang. "Global stability results for models of commensalism." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 03 (February 20, 2017): 1750037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500371.

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We analyze the global stability of the coexisting equilibria for several models of commensalism, first by devising a procedure to modify several Lyapunov functionals which were introduced earlier for corresponding models of mutualism, further confirming their usefulness. It is seen that commensalism promotes global stability, in connection with higher-order self-limiting terms which prevent unboundedness. We then use the theory of asymptotically autonomous systems to prove global stability results for models of commensalism which are subject to Allee effects, finding that commensalisms of appropriate strength can overcome the influence of strong Allee effects.

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2

Mathis, Kaitlyn A., and Judith L. Bronstein. "Our Current Understanding of Commensalism." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 51, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-040844.

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Commensalisms, interactions between two species in which one species benefits and the other experiences no net effect, are frequently mentioned in the ecological literature but are surprisingly little studied. Here we review and synthesize our limited understanding of commensalism. We then argue that commensalism is not a single type of interaction; rather, it is a suite of phenomena associated with distinct ecological processes and evolutionary consequences. For each form of commensalism we define, we present evidence for how, where, and why it occurs, including when it is evolutionarily persistent and when it is an occasional outcome of interactions that are usually mutualistic or antagonistic. We argue that commensalism should be of great interest in the study of species interactions due to its location at the center of the continuum between positive and negative outcomes. Finally, we offer a roadmap for future research.

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3

Hulme-Beaman, A., K. Dobney, T. Cucchi, and JB Searle. "An ecological and evolutionary framework for commensalism in anthropogenic environments." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 31 (June 7, 2016): 633–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.05.001.

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Commensalism within anthropogenic environments has not been extensively discussed, despite its impact on humans, and there is no formal framework for assessing this ecological relationship in its varied forms. Here, we examine commensalism in anthropogenic environments in detail, considering both ecological and evolutionary drivers. The many assumptions about commensalism and the nature of anthropogenic environments are discussed and we highlight dependency as a key attribute of anthropogenic commensals (anthrodependent taxa). We primarily focus on mammalian species in the anthropogenic-commensal niche, but the traits described and selective pressures presented are likely fundamental to many species engaged in intense commensal relationships with humans. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this largely understudied interaction represents an important opportunity to investigate evolutionary processes in rapidly changing environments.

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4

Balaji, Vignesh Kanna, Latha Ragunathan, Kavitha Kannaiyan, and Jeyakumari Duraipandian. "The role of Malassezia species on Human skin: Commensals and Pathogens." Research Journal of Biotechnology 18, no. 9 (August 15, 2023): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1809rjbt2710277.

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Malassezia spp are recognized as skin commensals that may be pathogenic under certain conditions. For many years, it was known as commensals but recently it has been identified causing many superficial skin infections and fungemia. There are many hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of Malassezia infections. As there is limited data on physiology and pathogenesis of Malassezia, therefore, in recent years new tools has been evolved for Malassezia culture, detection and genetic manipulation which have revealed the ubiquity of Malassezia on skin. As Malassezia cannot synthesize fatty acid, it secretes various enzyme such as lipase, phospholipase, protease and esterase to compensate it. These enzymes act as virulence factors for skin disorder caused by Malassezia. The mechanism behind the switching over of commensals to pathogen is unclear. The genetic and host susceptibility plays a vital role in commensalism and pathogenesis of Malassezia. This review article will discuss the pathogenesis and commensalism of Malassezia species in human skin.

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5

Tobin Kåhrström, Christina. "Converting to commensalism." Nature Reviews Microbiology 11, no. 9 (August 16, 2013): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3101.

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6

Romo, Jesus A., and Carol A. Kumamoto. "On Commensalism of Candida." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6010016.

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Candida species are both opportunistic fungal pathogens and common members of the human mycobiome. Over the years, the main focus of the fungal field has been on understanding the pathogenic potential and disease manifestation of these organisms. Therefore, understanding of their commensal lifestyle, interactions with host epithelial barriers, and initial transition into pathogenesis is less developed. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge on the commensal lifestyle of these fungi, how they are able to adhere to and colonize host epithelial surfaces, compete with other members of the microbiota, and interact with the host immune response, as well as their transition into opportunistic pathogens by invading the gastrointestinal epithelium.

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7

Blaser, Martin J., and Fred T. Valentine. "Viral Commensalism in Humans?" Journal of Infectious Diseases 198, no. 1 (July 2008): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/588705.

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8

May, A. "WHY WERE REEFS AND STROMATOPOROIDS SO RARE IN THE LOWER DEVONIAN?" Sciences of Europe, no. 104 (November 7, 2022): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7298618.

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In the middle Lower Devonian, the Pragian, reefs were very rare worldwide and stromatoporoids were rare and little diverse. As an explanation for this phenomenon, it is not sufficient that the global sea level had its low for the Devonian period during the Pragian and Lower Emsian. Therefore, three stromatoporoid-bearing reefs from the Pragian of Western and Central Europe were studied: Koněprusy in the Czech Republic, Seewarte in Austria and Zújar in Southern Spain. The following possible causes for the extreme rarity of reefs in the Pragian emerged: 1) Conspicuously high or low water temperatures that were not conducive to the growth of stromatoporoid reefs. 2) Stromatoporoid groups, which were of central importance in the Givetian and Frasnian reefs, were only at the beginning of their evolution and expansion in the Pragian – particularly mentioned are the branching stromatoporoids, the thinly encrusting stromatoporoids and the order Stromatoporellida. 3) There is evidence that the Syringopora commensals increased the reef-building potential of the stromatoporoids. There seems to have been a break in the Syringopora commensalism of the stromatoporoids in the uppermost Silurian or deepest Devonian. In the Pragian, Syringopora commensals were very rare and the Devonian Syringopora commensalism began with the primitive initial stage of Syringopora praehanshanensis May, 2005.

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9

Damle, SG. "Commensalism the new scientific revolution?" Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 9, no. 5 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_403_18.

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10

WATANABE, Takuya. "Commensalism of Wildflowers with Weeds." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 16, no. 3 (1990): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.16.3_71.

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11

Variyam, Easwaran P. "Commensalism of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica." Gastroenterology 108, no. 4 (April 1995): A935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)28046-4.

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12

Macholán, Miloš, Kristina Daniszová, and Zuzana Hiadlovská. "The Expansion of House Mouse Major Urinary Protein Genes Likely Did Not Facilitate Commensalism with Humans." Genes 14, no. 11 (November 17, 2023): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14112090.

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Mouse wild-derived strains (WDSs) combine the advantages of classical laboratory stocks and wild animals, and thus appear to be promising tools for diverse biomedical and evolutionary studies. We employed 18 WDSs representing three non-synanthropic species (Mus spretus, Mus spicilegus, and M. macedonicus) and three house mouse subspecies (Mus musculus musculus, M. m. domesticus, M. m. castaneus), which are all important human commensals to explore whether the number of major urinary protein (MUP) genes and their final protein levels in urine are correlated with the level of commensalism. Contrary to expectations, the MUP copy number (CN) and protein excretion in the strains derived from M. m. castaneus, which is supposed to be the strongest commensal, were not significantly different from the non-commensal species. Regardless of an overall tendency for higher MUP amounts in taxa with a higher CN, there was no significant correlation at the strain level. Our study thus suggests that expansion of the Mup cluster, which appeared before the house mouse diversification, is unlikely to facilitate commensalism with humans in three house mouse subspecies. Finally, we found considerable variation among con(sub)specific WDSs, warning against generalisations of results based on a few strains.

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13

Jawad, Shireen. "Study the Dynamics of Commensalism Interaction with Michaels-Menten Type Prey Harvesting." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22401/anjs.25.1.08.

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This paper suggests and analyses a model consisting of two commensal populations with Michaelis-Menten type of harvesting for the first population. The first harvested commensal species draws strength from the second hosted species. The overall dynamics are provided to achieve the coexistence, stability and persistence of the equilibrium points for the proposed system. The local bifurcation near the positive equilibrium point is attained. Moreover, numerical simulation using MATLAB is investigated to the impact of the commensalism interaction on the behavior of the planned model. The analysis shows that the role of commensalismpr events the first population from extinction, which could be helpful for the survival of both species.

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14

Li, Jingchun, Diarmaid Ó Foighil, and Ellen E. Strong. "Commensal associations and benthic habitats shape macroevolution of the bivalve clade Galeommatoidea." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1834 (July 13, 2016): 20161006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1006.

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The great diversity of marine life has been shaped by the interplay between abiotic and biotic factors. Among different biotic interactions, symbiosis is an important yet less studied phenomenon. Here, we tested how symbiotic associations affected marine diversification, using the bivalve superfamily Galeommatoidea as a study system. This superfamily contains large numbers of obligate commensal as well as free-living species and is therefore amenable to comparative approaches. We constructed a global molecular phylogeny of Galeommatoidea and compared macroevolutionary patterns between free-living and commensal lineages. Our analyses inferred that commensalism/sediment-dwelling is likely to be the ancestral condition of Galeommatoidea and that secondary invasions of hard-bottom habitats linked to the loss of commensalism. One major clade containing most of the free-living species exhibits a 2–4 times higher diversification rate than that of the commensals, likely driven by frequent niche partitioning in highly heterogeneous hard-bottom habitats. However, commensal clades show much higher within-clade morphological disparity, likely promoted by their intimate associations with diverse hosts. Our study highlights the importance of interactions between different ecological factors in shaping marine macroevolution and that biotic factors cannot be ignored if we wish to fully understand processes that generate marine biodiversity.

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15

Nayak, Sangeeta, Nishmitha D. Shetty, and Deepa G. Kamath. "Commensalism of Fusobacterium nucleatum - The dilemma." Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 28, no. 4 (July 2024): 427–30. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_286_23.

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Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that serves as a periodontal pathogen and plays a key role in linking Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within the periodontal biofilm. It was shown that Fusobacterium produces significant amounts of butyric acid, which is a great source of energy for anti-inflammatory cells. On the other hand, it is associated with the destruction of periodontal structures. This bacterium can enter the blood circulation as a result of periodontal infection. It could cause numerous conditions such as halitosis, dental pulp infection, oral cancer, and systemic diseases. The present review discusses the virulence mechanisms involved in the diseases, with emphasis on its colonization, systemic dissemination, and induction of host inflammatory and tumorigenic responses. This would motivate future research on the role of this bacterium on periodontal pathology as well as its influence on the evolution of systemic diseases.

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16

Gu, Zi-Qi, Kuo-Yao Tseng, and Yu-Huan Tsai. "Candida gut commensalism and inflammatory disease." Medicine in Microecology 3 (March 2020): 100008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmic.2020.100008.

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17

Gow, Neil A. R. "A developmental program for Candida commensalism." Nature Genetics 45, no. 9 (August 28, 2013): 967–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.2737.

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18

Bolton, Madeleine. "Clever commensalism in a harsh environment." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 20, no. 10 (December 2022): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.2579.

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19

Zhao, Liang, Bin Qin, and Xianbo Sun. "Dynamic Behavior of a Commensalism Model with Nonmonotonic Functional Response and Density-Dependent Birth Rates." Complexity 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9862584.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this paper, we propose and analyze a commensalism model with nonmonotonic functional response and density-dependent birth rates. The model can have at most four nonnegative equilibria. By applying the differential inequality theory, we show that each equilibrium can be globally attractive under suitable conditions. However, commensalism can be established only when resources for both species are large enough.

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20

Zhao, Kaihong. "Global asymptotic stability for a classical controlled nonlinear periodic commensalism AG-ecosystem with distributed lags on time scales." Filomat 37, no. 29 (2023): 9899–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2329899z.

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Commensalism is a common phenomenon in nature. The Ayala-Gilpin (AG) dynamical system model is commonly used to describe the nonlinear interactions between species in ecosystems. Combining commensalism with AG-system models, the manuscript emphasizes on a classical controlled nonlinear periodic commensalism AG-ecosystem with distributed lags on time scales. In our model, the discrete and continuous cases are unified and generalized in the sense of time scale. Firstly, it is proved that a class of auxiliary functions have only two zeros in the real number field. Then, with the aid of these auxiliary functions, using the coincidence degree theory and inequality technique, we obtain some sufficient criteria for the existence of periodic solutions. Meanwhile, we prove that the periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable by applying Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, an example is numerically simulated with the help of MATLAB tools.

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21

Prasad, B. Hari, and N. Ch Pattabhi Ramacharyulu. "Discrete Model of Commensalism Between Two Species." International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science 4, no. 8 (August 14, 2012): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2012.08.06.

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22

Wyncoll, Greg, and Daniel Tangri. "The Origins of Commensalism and Human Sedentism." Paléorient 17, no. 2 (1991): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1991.5093.

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23

Nussbaum, J. C., and R. M. Locksley. "Infectious (Non)tolerance--Frustrated Commensalism Gone Awry?" Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 4, no. 5 (March 27, 2012): a007328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a007328.

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24

Prieto, Daniel, Inês Correia, Jesús Pla, and Elvira Román. "Adaptation ofCandida albicansto commensalism in the gut." Future Microbiology 11, no. 4 (April 2016): 567–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb.16.1.

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25

DE WERT, LEONI, KEVIN MAHON, and GRAEME D. RUXTON. "Protection by association: evidence for aposematic commensalism." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 106, no. 1 (March 8, 2012): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01855.x.

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26

Iliev, Iliyan D., and David M. Underhill. "Striking a balance: fungal commensalism versus pathogenesis." Current Opinion in Microbiology 16, no. 3 (June 2013): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2013.05.004.

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27

Southwick, Charles H., and M. Farooq Siddiqi. "Primate commensalism : the rhesus monkey in India." Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie) 49, no. 3 (1994): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/revec.1994.2473.

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28

Joshi, Manish, and Julien Royet. "Uridine Catabolism Breaks the Bonds of Commensalism." Cell Host & Microbe 27, no. 3 (March 2020): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.02.008.

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29

Iliev, Iliyan D., and David M. Underhill. "Striking a balance: fungal commensalism versus pathogenesis." Current Opinion in Microbiology 16, no. 3 (June 7, 2013): 366–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13523440.

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30

Jakobsen, Louise M. A., Maria X. Maldonado-Gómez, Ulrik K. Sundekilde, Henrik J. Andersen, Dennis S. Nielsen, and Hanne C. Bertram. "Metabolic Effects of Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides on Selected Commensals of the Infant Microbiome—Commensalism and Postbiotic Effects." Metabolites 10, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10040167.

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Oligosaccharides from human or bovine milk selectively stimulate growth or metabolism of bacteria associated with the lower gastrointestinal tract of infants. Results from complex infant-type co-cultures point toward a possible synergistic effect of combining bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) and lactose (LAC) on enhancing the metabolism of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and inhibition of Clostridium perfringens. We examine the interaction between B. longum subsp. longum and the commensal Parabacteroides distasonis, by culturing them in mono- and co-culture with different carbohydrates available. To understand the interaction between BMO and lactose on B. longum subsp. longum and test the potential postbiotic effect on C. perfringens growth and/or metabolic activity, we inoculated C. perfringens into fresh media and compared the metabolic changes to C. perfringens in cell-free supernatant from B. longum subsp. longum fermented media. In co-culture, B. longum subsp. longum benefits from P. distasonis (commensalism), especially in a lactose-rich environment. Furthermore, B. longum subsp. longum fermentation of BMO + LAC impaired C. perfringens’ ability to utilize BMO as a carbon source (potential postbiotic effect).

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31

Telesford, Kiel, Javier Ochoa-Repáraz, and Lloyd H. Kasper. "Gut Commensalism, Cytokines, and Central Nervous System Demyelination." Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research 34, no. 8 (August 2014): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jir.2013.0134.

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Hayashi, T. "MICROBIOLOGY: Breaking the Barrier Between Commensalism and Pathogenicity." Science 313, no. 5788 (August 11, 2006): 772–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1131752.

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ZAPALSKI, MIKOŁAJ K. "PARASITISM VERSUS COMMENSALISM: THE CASE OF TABULATE ENDOBIONTS." Palaeontology 50, no. 6 (November 2007): 1375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00716.x.

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34

Roper, Caroline, Claudia Castro, and Brian Ingel. "Xylella fastidiosa: bacterial parasitism with hallmarks of commensalism." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 50 (August 2019): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2019.05.005.

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Xue, Yalong, Xiangdong Xie, Fengde Chen, and Rongyu Han. "Almost Periodic Solution of a Discrete Commensalism System." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/295483.

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A nonautonomous discrete two-species Lotka-Volterra commensalism system with delays is considered in this paper. Based on the discrete comparison theorem, the permanence of the system is obtained. Then, by constructing a new discrete Lyapunov functional, a set of sufficient conditions which guarantee the system global attractivity are obtained. If the coefficients are almost periodic, there exists an almost periodic solution and the almost periodic solution is globally attractive.

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Reddy, J. Goverdhan, and Sita B. Rambabu. "A Mathematical Study of Two Species Commensalism Model." Research Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (2017): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2988.2017.00067.5.

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TOKESHI, MUTSUNORI. "On the evolution of commensalism in the Chironomidae." Freshwater Biology 29, no. 3 (June 1993): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00782.x.

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38

Sanders, Dirk, and F. J. Frank van Veen. "Indirect commensalism promotes persistence of secondary consumer species." Biology Letters 8, no. 6 (August 15, 2012): 960–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0572.

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Local species extinctions may lead to, often unexpected, secondary extinctions. To predict these, we need to understand how indirect effects, within a network of interacting species, affect the ability of species to persist. It has been hypothesized that the persistence of some predators depends on other predator species that suppress competitively dominant prey to low levels, allowing a greater diversity of prey species, and their predators, to coexist. We show that, in experimental insect communities, the absence of one parasitoid wasp species does indeed lead to the extinction of another that is separated by four trophic links. These results highlight the importance of a holistic systems perspective to biodiversity conservation and the necessity to include indirect population dynamic effects in models for predicting cascading extinctions in networks of interacting species.

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Furness, Peter. "Coroners and Medical Examiners: Mutualism, Commensalism or Parasitism?" Medico-Legal Journal 80, no. 3 (September 2012): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/mlj.2012.012011.

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40

Han, Geongoo, Rebecca Yunker, Mohammad Hasan, Brian Leblanc, Jessica Pacia, Hien Luong, Lalit Beura, and Shipra Vaishnava. "Host and microbe adaptation underlying true fungal commensalism." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 81.11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.81.11.

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Abstract Fungi are found ubiquitously in the mammalian gut however the role of commensal fungi in the host is poorly understood. Laboratory mice are used to model host-fungi interactions however due to ultra-clean housing they do not harbor fungi. The human commensal fungus Candida albicans is widely studied to dissect host-commensal fungi interactions however prior dysbiosis of commensal bacteria is required to colonize laboratory mice. Insights from such forced host-fungal interactions are unsuitable for extrapolating mechanisms underlying fungal commensalism and its breakdown. To discover the natural fungal commensal of mice, we used pet-store “dirty” mice. We found that pet-store mice have a high fungal burden in their feces and their gut is predominantly colonized by single species of fungus, Kazachstania pintolopesii. Furthermore, we found that K. pintolopesii isolated from pet-store mice, stably colonized laboratory mice to high levels in the presence of an intact immune system and commensal bacteria. Laboratory mice colonized with K. pintolopesii exhibited increased neutrophil frequency in blood but did not show any pathological symptoms. Surprisingly, even a systemic K. pintolopesii challenge did not show any pathology in laboratory mice indicating unique adaptations of this fungus to the murine host. Remarkably, we found that laboratory mice stably colonized with K. pintolopesii are significantly protected from systemic C. albicans challenge suggesting that commensal fungi promote systemic antifungal responses in their host. In summary, our work established a novel unmanipulated murine model of fungal commensalism and provide unique insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms of mammalian host and fungal mutualism. This research was supported by grants from NIH (R01 DK113265), Searle Scholars program, and AAI Careers in Immunology Fellowship.

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Romo, Jesús A., and Jose L. Lopez-Ribot. "Candidalysin: An unlikely aide for fungal gut commensalism." Cell Host & Microbe 32, no. 5 (May 2024): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.010.

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42

Urrialde, Verónica, Daniel Prieto, Susana Hidalgo-Vico, Elvira Román, Jesús Pla, and Rebeca Alonso-Monge. "Deletion of the SKO1 Gene in a hog1 Mutant Reverts Virulence in Candida albicans." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5040107.

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Candida albicans displays the ability to adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions, triggering signaling pathways and transcriptional regulation. Sko1 is a transcription factor that was previously involved in early hypoxic response, cell wall remodeling, and stress response. In the present work, the role of sko1 mutant in in vivo and ex vivo studies was explored. The sko1 mutant behaved as its parental wild type strain regarding the ability to colonize murine intestinal tract, ex vivo adhesion to murine gut epithelium, or systemic virulence. These observations suggest that Sko1 is expendable during commensalism or pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the study of the hog1 sko1 double mutant showed unexpected phenotypes. Previous researches reported that the deletion of the HOG1 gene led to avirulent C. albicans mutant cell, which was, therefore, unable to establish as a commensal in a gastrointestinal murine model. Here, we show that the deletion of sko1 in a hog1 background reverted the virulence of the hog1 mutant in a systemic infection model in Galleria mellonella larvae and slightly improved the ability to colonize the murine gut in a commensalism animal model compared to the hog1 mutant. These results indicate that Sko1 acts as a repressor of virulence related genes, concluding that Sko1 plays a relevant role during commensalism and systemic infection.

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43

Osuna, Osvaldo, and Geiser Villavicencio-Pulido. "A seasonal commensalism model with a weak Allee effect to describe climate-mediated shifts." Selecciones Matemáticas 11, no. 02 (November 30, 2024): 212–21. https://doi.org/10.17268/sel.mat.2024.02.01.

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Climate change is affecting the life cycle of tight interacting species. Commonly, the seasonal population dynamics of species is analyzed through models with periodic rates; however, assuming periodicity in seasonal phenomena which depend on environmental drivers is very restrictive. In this work, we analyze seasonal commensalism between two species in which the per capita growth rate of each species is affected by a weak Allee effect and the demographic and ecological rates are assumed almost periodic. To do this, we construct and analyze an almost periodic model to describe commensalism using a wide family of functions that describe weak Allee effects and the benefits granted by the interaction. We prove that the model admits a unique almost periodic global attractor for a wide family of functions. Numerical simulations of the solutions of the model shown the result proved in this work. We show that if periodic rates are used when the phenomenon is really almost periodic, underestimation or overestimation of the population size of both species can occur, which can lead to design wrong strategies by the decision makers.

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44

Cornett, James W. "Apparent Commensalism of a Red-tailed Hawk and Badger." Western Birds 52, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21199/wb52.1.7.

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45

Heard, Stephen B. "Pitcher-Plant Midges and Mosquitoes: A Processing Chain Commensalism." Ecology 75, no. 6 (September 1994): 1647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939625.

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46

Wang, Yuanyuan, Jia Zhou, Yun Zou, Xiaoqing Chen, Lin Liu, Wanjun Qi, Xinhua Huang, Changbin Chen, and Ning-Ning Liu. "Fungal commensalism modulated by a dual-action phosphate transceptor." Cell Reports 38, no. 4 (January 2022): 110293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110293.

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47

Kreth, J., R. A. Giacaman, R. Raghavan, and J. Merritt. "The road less traveled - defining molecular commensalism withStreptococcus sanguinis." Molecular Oral Microbiology 32, no. 3 (September 20, 2016): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/omi.12170.

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48

Poulton, Edward B. "Experimental Evidence that Commensalism may be beneficial to Crustacea." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 92, no. 4 (October 31, 2009): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1922.tb07086.x.

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49

SAETRE, G. P., S. RIYAHI, M. ALIABADIAN, J. S. HERMANSEN, S. HOGNER, U. OLSSON, M. F. GONZALEZ ROJAS, S. A. SAETHER, C. N. TRIER, and T. O. ELGVIN. "Single origin of human commensalism in the house sparrow." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25, no. 4 (February 9, 2012): 788–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02470.x.

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50

Ravinet, Mark, Tore Oldeide Elgvin, Cassandra Trier, Mansour Aliabadian, Andrey Gavrilov, and Glenn-Peter Sætre. "Signatures of human-commensalism in the house sparrow genome." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1884 (August 8, 2018): 20181246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1246.

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Abstract (sommario):

House sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) are a hugely successful anthrodependent species; occurring on nearly every continent. Yet, despite their ubiquity and familiarity to humans, surprisingly little is known about their origins. We sought to investigate the evolutionary history of the house sparrow and identify the processes involved in its transition to a human-commensal niche. We used a whole genome resequencing dataset of 120 individuals from three Eurasian species, including three populations of Bactrianus sparrows, a non-commensal, divergent house sparrow lineage occurring in the Near East. Coalescent modelling supports a split between house and Bactrianus sparrow 11 Kya and an expansion in the house sparrow at 6 Kya, consistent with the spread of agriculture following the Neolithic revolution. Commensal house sparrows therefore likely moved into Europe with the spread of agriculture following this period. Using the Bactrianus sparrow as a proxy for a pre-commensal, ancestral house population, we performed a comparative genome scan to identify genes potentially involved with adaptation to an anthropogenic niche. We identified potential signatures of recent, positive selection in the genome of the commensal house sparrow that are absent in Bactrianus populations. The strongest selected region encompasses two major candidate genes; COL11A —which regulates craniofacial and skull development and AMY2A , part of the amylase gene family which has previously been linked to adaptation to high-starch diets in humans and dogs. Our work examines human-commensalism in an evolutionary framework, identifies genomic regions likely involved in rapid adaptation to this new niche and ties the evolution of this species to the development of modern human civilization.

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