Bibliografie tematiche / Combustions

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Combustions"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Combustions":

Yang, Xiaojian, e Guoming G. Zhu. "A control-oriented hybrid combustion model of a homogeneous charge compression ignition capable spark ignition engine". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 226, n. 10 (31 maggio 2012): 1380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407012443334.

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To implement the homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion mode in a spark ignition engine, it is necessary to have smooth mode transition between the spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustions. The spark ignition–homogeneous charge compression ignition hybrid combustion mode modeled in this paper describes the combustion mode that starts with the spark ignition combustion and ends with the homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion. The main motivation of studying the hybrid combustion mode is that the percentage of the homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion is a good parameter for combustion mode transition control when the hybrid combustion mode is used during the transition. This paper presents a control oriented model of the spark ignition–homogeneous charge compression ignition hybrid combustion mode, where the spark ignition combustion phase is modeled under the two-zone assumption and the homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion phase under the one-zone assumption. Note that the spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustions are special cases in this combustion model. The developed model is capable of simulating engine combustion over the entire operating range, and it was implemented in a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment. The simulation results were compared with those of the corresponding GT-Power model, and good correlations were found for both spark ignition and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustions.

McGeehin, J., G. S. Burr, G. Hodgins, S. J. Bennett, J. A. Robbins, N. Morehead e H. Markewich. "Stepped-Combustion 14C Dating of Bomb Carbon in Lake Sediment". Radiocarbon 46, n. 2 (2004): 893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200035931.

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In this study, we applied a stepped-combustion approach to dating post-bomb lake sediment from north-central Mississippi. Samples were combusted at a low temperature (400 °) and then at 900 °. The CO2 was collected separately for both combustions and analyzed. The goal of this work was to develop a methodology to improve the accuracy of 14C dating of sediment by combusting at a lower temperature and reducing the amount of reworked carbon bound to clay minerals in the sample material. The 14C fraction modern results for the low and high temperature fractions of these sediments were compared with well-defined 137Cs determinations made on sediment taken from the same cores. Comparison of “bomb curves” for 14C and 137Cs indicate that low temperature combustion of sediment improved the accuracy of 14C dating of the sediment. However, fraction modern results for the low temperature fractions were depressed compared to atmospheric values for the same time frame, possibly the result of carbon mixing and the low sedimentation rate in the lake system.

MAEDA, Shinichi, Isshu YOSHIKI, Shoichiro KANNO, Keita TOMITA e Tetsuro OBARA. "Occurrence conditions for unsteady combustions in shock-induced combustions around spherical projectiles". Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 83, n. 852 (2017): 17–00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.17-00019.

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Wang, Jian Ying, e Xi Lin Dong. "Experimental Study on Radiant Heat of Market Shelf Fire Decayed by High-Pressure Water Mist System". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (maggio 2012): 3699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3699.

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Experimental study on radiant heat of market shelf fire depressed by high-pressure water mist system was carried out. The experiment researched on typical burning parts and combustions of places like market, and chosen experimental combustion components. The results show that the concentrate spray of high-pressure water mist system can decay the radiant heat of fire shelf effectively. The higher the spray pressure of the system, the faster the decay rate of radiation heat.

Abbondanza, Marco, Nicolò Cavina, Enrico Corti, Davide Moro, Fabrizio Ponti e Vittorio Ravaglioli. "Development of a Combustion Delay Model in the Control of Innovative Combustions". E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 06013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019706013.

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In modern internal combustion engines the research for innovative solutions aimed at the simultaneous reduction of engine-out pollutants and fuel consumption requires synergies from different application areas: the thermo-fluid dynamic design of the combustion chamber, the study and production of specific components for air and fuel supply, the development of sensors and related methods of analyzing their signals to control the combustion process. The most promising innovative combustion methodologies suitable to achieve high efficiency and low emissions, commonly named Low Temperature Combustions (LTC), usually require sophisticated techniques for the management of the combustion phase. With respect to the combustion angular position control, directly performed in traditional spark ignition engines through the ignition from the spark plug and in compression ignition engines by the timing of fuel injection, the ignition mechanisms of LTC combustions are characterized by a high sensitivity to the thermal conditions of the combustion chamber which greatly modifies the angular position of the combustion, mainly due to the combination of high ignition delays and lean homogeneous mixture. Once the hardware of the air and fuel supply systems has been defined, it is therefore essential to ensure the correct management of the combustion phase. In this paper a model for the estimation of the delay between the start of injection and the start of combustion is presented. The model has been developed analyzing the experimental data from a modified cylinder of a diesel engine, fueled with gasoline, while the other three cylinders were still running with Diesel fuel. This solution represents a first step that allows analyzing the behavior of the combustion of gasoline in a Diesel engine, with the final goal to inject gasoline in all the engine cylinders. In particular, the approach used is similar to the one already applied in a traditional turbocharged gasoline engine, where the goal was to estimate the time delay between the spark firing and the start of combustion, mainly to detect the presence of undesired pre-ignition due to the presence of hot spots related to slightly knocking conditions. As it is well known, the role of the pilot injection is to reduce the ignition delay of the main injection. However, to significantly accelerate the ignition of the fuel injected with the main injection, it is necessary to burn a sufficient quantity of the fuel injected by the pilot before the Top Dead Center position (TDC). The application of this model has to allow the implementation of a feed-forward control to stabilize the whole combustion process and achieve the best conversion efficiency from energy to work, taking into account the operational constraints that must be satisfied to guarantee the integrity of the engine and the compliance with the homologation rules.

Ozturk, Suat. "A Numerical Investigation on Emissions of Partially Premixed Shale Gas Combustion". International Journal of Heat and Technology 38, n. 3 (15 ottobre 2020): 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.380319.

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The adiabatic, turbulent, and partially premixed combustions of several shale gases and air in a co-axial type combustor are computationally examined under the effects of different equivalence ratios, inlet temperatures, flow rates, humidity ratios, pressure, oxid inlet temperatures and flow rates, and swirl velocities in this study. Shale gases are extracted from Barnette, New Albany, Fayetteville, and Haynesville areas of USA. ANSYS software is used for numerical calculations of combustion. Results show that the maximum NO emissions for Barnette, New Albany, Fayetteville, and Haynesville shale gas occur at the equivalence ratio of 1.42, 1.41, 1.4, and 1.39. The rising fuel inlet temperature increase NO and reduces CO emissions after 300 K. The increasing humidity ratio causes NO and CO mass fractions to decrease. The ascending pressure raises NO up to 4 bar and lowers CO emissions. The increasing oxid flow rate abates the mass fractions of both NO and CO. The rising swirl velocity escalates NO up to 15 m/s and decreases CO emissions for all the shale gas combustions.

Bird, M. I., L. K. Ayliffe, L. K. Fifield, C. S. M. Turney, R. G. Cresswell, T. T. Barrows e B. David. "Radiocarbon Dating of “Old” Charcoal Using a Wet Oxidation, Stepped-Combustion Procedure". Radiocarbon 41, n. 2 (1999): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200019482.

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We present results that validate a new wet oxidation, stepped-combustion procedure for dating “old” charcoal samples. An acid–base–wet oxidation (ABOX) pretreatment procedure has been developed that is used in place of the conventional acid-base-acid (ABA) pretreatment. Combustions and graphitizations are performed in a vacuum line that is insulated from the atmosphere by a second backing vacuum to eliminate the risk of atmospheric leakage into the line at any stage of the procedure. Combustions are performed at 3 temperatures (330 °, 630 ° and 850 °) with a graphite target produced from the CO2 evolved during each combustion step. In this way, the removal of any contamination can be monitored, and a high degree of confidence can be placed on the final age. The pretreatment, combustion, graphitization, and measurement blank for the procedure, based on the analysis of a “radiocarbon-dead” graphite, is 0.5 ± 0.5 μg C (1σ, n=14), equivalent to 0.04 ± 0.02 pMC or an “age” of approximately 60 ka for a 1 mg graphite target. Analyses of a “radiocarbon-dead” natural charcoal after ABOX pretreatment and stepped combustion suggest that the total blank (including contamination not removed by pretreatment) may be higher than for graphite, ranging up to 0.10 ± 0.02 pMC. Additional experiments confirm good agreement with accepted values for the international low-14C “New Kauri” standard (0.16–0.25 pMC). They also confirm excellent reproducibility, with 3 separate dates on different aliquots of a charcoal sample from Ngarrabullgan Cave (Queensland, Australia) ranging from 35.2 to 35.5 ka 14C BP. It is also demonstrated that the ABOX pretreatment, in conjunction with the new vacuum line described here, is able to remove contamination not removed by the conventional ABA pretreatment, suggesting that the technique can be used to produce reliable 14C dates on charcoal up to at least 50 ka.

Sung, Yonmo, Seungtae Kim, Byunghwa Jang, Changyong Oh, Taeyun Jee, Soonil Park, Kwansic Park e Siyoul Chang. "Nitric Oxide Emission Reduction in Reheating Furnaces through Burner and Furnace Air-Staged Combustions". Energies 14, n. 6 (13 marzo 2021): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061599.

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In this study, a series of experiments were conducted on a testing facility and a real-scale furnace, for analyzing the nitric oxide (NO) emission reduction. The effects of the temperature, oxygen concentration, and amount of secondary combustion air were investigated in a single-burner combustion system. Additionally, the NO-reduction rate before and after combustion modifications in both the burner and furnace air-staged combustion were evaluated for a real-scale reheating furnace. The air-to-fuel equivalence ratio (λ) of individual combustion zones for the furnace was optimized for NO reduction without any incomplete combustion. The results indicated that the NO emission for controlling the λ of a single-zone decreased linearly with a decrease in the λ values in the individual firing tests (top-heat, bottom-heat, and bottom-soak zones). Moreover, the multi-zone control of the λ values for individual combustion zones was optimized at 1.13 (top-preheat), 1.0 (bottom-preheat), 1.0 (top-heat), 0.97 (bottom-heat), 1.0 (top-soak), and 0.97 (bottom-soak). In this firing condition, the modifications reduced the NO emissions by approximately 23%, as indicated by a comparison of the data obtained before and after the modifications. Thus, the combined application of burner and furnace air-staged combustions facilitated NO-emission reduction.

Li, Shou-Zhe, Yu-Long Niu, Shu-Li Cao, Jiao Zhang, Jialiang Zhang e Xuechen Li. "The effect of plasma discharge on methane diffusion combustion in air assisted by an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torch". Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, n. 23 (11 marzo 2022): 235203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac50cb.

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Abstract An atmospheric pressure air microwave plasma torch is employed to assist methane diffusion combustions using a combination of a combustor and burner. Experimentally, the effect of the air microwave plasma on combustion is investigated with respect to the flame morphology and the variation of gas components in the exhaust with the fuel equivalence ratio φ or the methane flow rate by comparing plasma-assisted combustion (PAC) and natural combustion (NC) without plasma application. The combustion degree of CH4 in PACs is found to be much enhanced in rich fuel combustion than in NC in both types of burners, which is measured by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR). In PACs, with the use of an air microwave plasma torch, the radicals originating from excitation, ionization, and dissociation of N2 and O2 and the high gas temperature induced in the plasma discharge play an important role in assisting the combustion.

Hesaaraki, Mahmoud, e Abdolrahman Razani. "Detonatlve travelling waves for combustions". Applicable Analysis 77, n. 3-4 (aprile 2001): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036810108840918.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Combustions":

Guionnet, Claude. "Les combustions humaines spontanées". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H035.

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Quelques cendres grasses et fetides que l'on decouvrait au matin. Que l'on y voit tout a tour, le juste chatiment de la pecheresse, le en une debauche d'explications plus ou moins rationnelles, on fait dictees necessaire expiation et ne pouvaient accepter le caractere post-morten du

Guionnet, Claude. "Les Combustions humaines spontanées". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614147g.

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Yao, Wei. "Soot modeling in laminar and turbulent combustions". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520546.

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Silvagni, Giacomo <1992&gt. "Development of Advanced Combustions using Cylinder Pressure Signal". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10275/1/XXXIV_SILVAGNI_PhDThesis_def.pdf.

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Zero-carbon powertrains development has become one of the main challenges for automotive industries around the world. Following this guideline, several approaches such as powertrain electrification, advanced combustions, and hydrogen internal combustion engines have been aimed to achieve the goal. Low Temperature Combustions, characterized by a simultaneous reduction of fuel consumption and emissions, represent one of the most studied solutions moving towards a sustainable mobility. Previous research demonstrate that Gasoline partially premixed Compression Ignition combustion is one of the most promising LTC. Mainly characterized by the high-pressure direct-injection of gasoline and the spontaneous ignition of the premixed air-fuel mixture, GCI combustion has shown a good potential to achieve the high thermal efficiency and low pollutants in compression ignited engines required by future emission regulations. Despite its potential, GCI combustion might suffer from low combustion controllability and stability, because gasoline spontaneous ignition is significantly affected by slight variations of the local in-cylinder thermal conditions. Therefore, to properly control GCI combustion assuring the maximum performance, a deep knowledge of the combustion process, i.e., gasoline auto-ignition and the effect of the control parameters on the combustion and pollutants, is mandatory. This PhD dissertation focuses on the study of GCI combustion in a light-duty compression ignited engine. Starting from a standard 1.3L diesel engine, this work describes the activities made moving toward the full conversion of the engine. A preliminary study of the GCI combustion was conducted in a “Single-Cylinder” engine configuration highlighting combustion characteristics and dependencies on the control parameters. Then, the full engine conversion was performed, and a wide experimental campaign allowed to confirm the benefits of this advanced combustion methodologies in terms of pollutants and thermal efficiency. The analysis of the in-cylinder pressure signal allowed to study in depth the GCI combustion and develop control-oriented models aimed to improve the combustion stability.

Hilbert, Renan. "Etude de la combustion turbulente non prémélangée et partiellement prémélangée par simulations numériques directes". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0856.

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Ce travail présente l’étude de flammes turbulentes non-prémélangées et partiellement prémélangées par simulations numériques directes (DNS) en utilisant des modèles détaillés de chimie de transport. L’interaction entre une flamme H2/Air et un champ de turbulence est simulée et l’influence de la diffusion différentielle sur la structure de la flamme est qualifiée. On note en particulier l’absence de corrélation entre la température de flamme et le taux de dissipation scalaire quand un modèle de transport élaboré est utilisé, ainsi qu’une modification de la limite d’équilibre. Le ré-établissement de l’équation de flammelettes avec la prise en compte d’un nombre de Lewis non unitaire pour la fraction de mélange Z permet de prendre en compte, au moins partiellement, cet effet. Une simulation de l’interaction entre une flamme non-prémélangée H2/Air et une paire de tourbillons avec des modèles détaillés de chimie et de transport a été réalisée, post traitée et analysée. Une extinction de la flamme est observée et la structure partiellement prémélangée au bord de la zone réactive est étudiée. On montre que le radical OH est un bon traceur de la zone d’extinction de la flamme, mais qu’il ne « voit » pas l’intensification de l’activité chimique dans les zones partiellement prémélangées. L’auto-allumage d’une flamme turbulente non prémélangée a été examiné. Les résultats de DNS permettent d’extraire des informations sur la prévision de la localisation du premier site d’autoallumage, sur l’influence du modèle de transport et sur la structure partiellement prémélangée observée. La répétition des calculs permet une étude statistique de l’influence de la turbulence sur le temps d’allumage. Le test a priori d’un nouveau modèle de combustion turbulente basé sur le concept de densité de surface de flamme généralisée donne de premiers résultats prometteurs.

Lecocq, Guillaume. "Approches hybrides combinant chimie complexe, description statistique et densité de surface de flamme pour la simulation aux grandes échelles de l'auto-inflammation, l'allumage par bougie et la flamme de prémélange dans les moteurs à allumage commandé". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561996.

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Cette thèse propose une modélisation aussi générique que possible de la combustion dans les moteurs automobiles dans un cadre de simulation aux grandes échelles. Une première étude aborde la fermeture du terme de transport non résolu pour la flamme de prémélange. Par la suite, un couplage entre les modèles ecfm-les et pcm-fpi est proposé et validé pour intégrer les effets de chimie complexe à la simulation de la flamme de prémélange. Ce travail est étendu par l'adjonction de modélisations spécifiques à l'allumage par bougie et de l'auto-inflammation, toujours en intégrant les effets de chimie détaillée. Des calculs d'application aux combustions anormales dans les moteurs à allumage commandé concluent ce travail.

Robert, Anthony. "Simulation aux Grandes Échelles des combustions anormales dans les moteurs downsizés à allumage commandé". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16783/1/ROBERT_Anthony.pdf.

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Le moteur à allumage commandé fortement downsizé est une des solutions les plus prometteuses utilisée par les constructeurs automobiles pour augmenter le rendement et réduire les émissions de CO2. Cependant, les conditions thermodynamiques plus sévères rencontrées dans ces moteurs favorisent l’apparition de combustions anormales (cliquetis et rumble) qui sont difficiles à analyser expérimentalement vu les risques encourus par le moteur. La méthode Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) s’est imposée depuis plusieurs années pour l’étude des moteurs à piston dans l’industrie, mais elle n’est pas la plus appropriée pour étudier des phénomènes locaux et sporadiques comme les combustions anormales qui n’affectent pas le cycle moyen simulé en RANS. Grâce à l’utilisation d’un code compressible LES et au développement d’une version améliorée des modèles ECFM-LES (Extended Coherent Flame Model) et TKI (Tabulated Kinetics of Ignition) qui permet un découplage total entre les taux de réaction liés à la propagation de la flamme et à l’auto-inflammation, ces travaux mettent en évidence pour la première fois la capacité de la LES à décrire le phénomène de cliquetis dans une configuration réaliste d’un moteur à allumage commandé. Contrairement aux études précédentes [S. Fontanesi and S. Paltrinieri and A. D’Adamo and G. Cantore and C. Rutland, SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr., 2013-01-1082, pp. 98-118][G. Lecocq, S. Richard, J.-B. Michel, L. Vervisch, Proc. Combust. Inst. 33 (2011) 3105-3114], une étude quantitative du cliquetis est réalisée grâce à des post-traitements spécifiques et similaires pour les résultats expérimentaux et numériques. La LES est capable de prédire la variabilité de la pression cylindre, la fréquence mais également l’angle moyen d’apparition de l’auto-inflammation sur un balayage d’avance à l’allumage. Une analyse 3D démontre également que le cliquetis se déclenche à différents endroits, mais principalement dans la moitié de la chambre sous les soupapes d’échappement. De plus, l’intensité du cliquetis est proportionnelle à la masse de gaz frais brûlée en auto-inflammation pour les faibles intensités, alors qu’une croissance beaucoup plus forte est observée pour les intensités les plus élevées. Ceci suggère que des facteurs supplémentaires interviennent comme la localisation du cliquetis ou les interactions entre l’acoustique interne et l’auto-inflammation. L’utilisation d’un code LES compressible permet une visualisation directe de ces interactions mettant en évidence que les faibles intensités sont liées à des auto-inflammations locales sans couplage alors qu’une transition de la déflagration vers la détonation est possible en moteur automobile et correspond aux intensités les plus fortes.

BRESSON, Alexandre. "Techniques d'imagerie quantitatives : fluorescence induite par laser appliquée aux écoulements et aux combustions". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010884.

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Les techniques de mesures optiques non intrusives développées depuis plusieurs dizaines d'années permettent la mesure des paramètres physiques tels que la température, la concentration des espèces chimiques et la vitesse. Tous ces diagnostics optiques, bien que très performants, sont généralement appliqués en mesures ponctuelles.
Le but de la thèse est de développer une ou plusieurs techniques d'imagerie quantitatives et instantanées de température et de concentration. Deux axes d'études complémentaires ont été abordés au cours de ce travail. Il s'agit de la fluorescence induite par laser sur le radical OH pour l'étude des milieux en combustion et de la fluorescence induite par laser d'un traceur moléculaire (acétone) pour l'étude des écoulements non réactifs. Ces deux axes d'étude ont été menés en parallèle avec la même approche : après compilation des données bibliographiques, des modèles de fluorescence induite par laser de ces deux espèces ont été développés. Les résultats de ces modélisations ont servi à sélectionner les meilleures stratégies expérimentales.
Des expériences pilotes ont été mises en place en vue développer ces techniques d'imagerie. Elles consistent en l'utilisation des modèles proposés pour les deux traceurs étudiés afin d'obtenir des images instantanées et couplées de température et de concentration dans différents types d'écoulements (combustion hydrogène–air, mélange de jets, ...).
D'autres applications ont été réalisées sur des bancs d'essais à caractère semi-industriel afin de caractériser l'utilisation de ces techniques dans des conditions de mesures sévères.
Les résultats obtenus au cours de ces différentes expériences montrent que l'outil d'imagerie quantitative et instantanée développé est opérationnel, répondant ainsi à un besoin d'informations quantitatives et spatialement résolues et complétant les possibilités offertes par les autres diagnostics optiques.

Bresson, Alexandre. "Techniques d'imagerie quantitatives : fluorescence induite par laser appliquée aux écoulements et aux combustions". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES065.

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Les techniques de mesures optiques non intrusives développées depuis plusieurs dizaines d'années permettent la mesure des paramètres physiques tels que la température, la concentration des espèces chimiques et la vitesse. Tous ces diagnostics optiques, bien que très performants, sont généralement appliqués en mesures ponctuelles. Le but de la thèse est de développer une ou plusieurs techniques d'imagerie quantitatives et instantanées de température et de concentration. Deux axes d'études complémentaires ont été abordés au cours de ce travail. Il s'agit de la fluorescence induite par laser sur le radical OH pour l'étude des milieux en combustion et de la fluorescence induite par laser d'un traceur moléculaire (acétone) pour l'étude des écoulements non réactifs. Ces deux axes d'étude ont été menés en parallèle avec la même approche : après compilation des données bibliographiques, des modèles de fluorescence induite par laser de ces deux espèces ont été développés. Les résultats de ces modélisations ont servi à sélectionner les meilleures stratégies expérimentales. Des expériences pilotes ont été mises en place en vue de développer ces techniques d'imagerie. Elles consistent en l'utilisation des modèles proposés pour les deux traceurs étudiés afin d'obtenir des images instantanées et couplées de température et de concentration dans différents types d'écoulements (combustion hydrogène-air, mélange de jets,). D'autres applications ont été réalisées sur des bancs d'essais à caractère semi-industriel afin de caractériser l'utilisation de ces techniques dans des conditions de mesures sévères. Les résultats obtenus au cours de ces différentes expériences montrent que l'outil d'imagerie quantitative et instantanée développé est opérationnel

Misdariis, Antony. "Schémas cinétiques réduits et couplage thermique pour les simulations aux grandes échelles du cliquetis dans les moteurs à piston". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14269/1/misdariis_partie_1_sur_3.pdf.

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Pour améliorer le rendement des moteurs essence, une méthode efficace est le downsizing qui consiste en la diminution de la cylindrée moteur compensée par l’ajout d’un compresseur pour maintenir la puissance. Lorsque le niveau de downsizing est trop important les fortes pression et températures rencontrées favorisent l’apparition de phénomènes d’auto-allumage de type cliquetis ou rumble néfastes pour l’intégrité du moteur. Ce type de phénomène, aujourd’hui encore mal compris, constitue une limite à l’utilisation du downsizing. Dans cette thèse la Simulation aux Grandes Echelles est utilisée pour étudier ce type de combustion dite anormale. L’objectif est de proposer une méthodologie numérique capable de reproduire leurs apparitions pour en étudier les mécanismes. L’auto-allumage est un mode de combustion sensible aux variations des conditions thermodynamiques locales. Des méthodes numériques précises et des modèles appropriés, en particulier pour la thermique paroi doivent donc être utilisés. La première partie de ce manuscrit présente la méthodologie numérique proposée et en particulier deux aspects développés lors de cette thèse: un modèle d’auto-allumage qui permet de reproduire le délai d’auto-allumage des gaz frais avec un schéma cinétique réduit et une méthodologie de couplage entre la chambre de combustion et la culasse permettant de définir des champs de températures paroi réalistes. La seconde partie de ce manuscrit présente les résultats de deux études numériques reproduisant certains points de fonctionnement d’un moteur expérimental. La première étude est réalisée à l’aide de modèles de combustion de la littérature et vise à reproduire le comportement expérimental pour diverses variations paramétriques influant sur la combustion. La seconde étude est réalisée à l’aide des modèles développés dans cette thèse afin d’étudier l’impact de la thermique paroi dans les mécanismes d’apparition des combustions anormales.

Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Combustions":

Guionnet, Claude. Les combustions humaines spontanées. [Paris]: Navarin, 1989.

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Center, Ames Research, a cura di. A study of low emissions gas turbine combustions. Moffett Field, Calif: NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1994.

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IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. A review of human carcinogens: Personal habits and indoor combustions. Lyon: IARC, 2012.

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Shen, Guofeng. Emission Factors of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Residential Solid Fuel Combustions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39762-2.

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Glassman, Irvin. Combustion. 3^a ed. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 1996.

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Warnatz, Jürgen, Ulrich Maas e Robert W. Dibble. Combustion. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-98027-5.

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Warnatz, Jürgen, Ulrich Maas e Robert W. Dibble. Combustion. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04508-4.

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Warnatz, Jürgen, Ulrich Maas e Robert W. Dibble. Combustion. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97668-1.

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Glassman, Irvin. Combustion. 4^a ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2008.

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Glassman, Irvin. Combustion. 2^a ed. Orlando (Fla.): Academic Press, 1986.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Combustions":

Colombo, Rinaldo M., e Andrea Corli. "Phase Transitions and Chapman-Jouguet Combustions". In Hyperbolic Problems: Theory, Numerics, Applications, 463–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55711-8_42.

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Millot, G., B. Lavorel e H. Berger. "Collisional Relaxation Processes Studied by Coherent Raman Spectroscopy for Major Species Present in Combustions". In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 99–115. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77194-1_9.

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Pacifici, Leonardo, Francesco Talotta, Nadia Balucani, Noelia Faginas-Lago e Antonio Laganà. "Modeling Combustions: The ab initio Treatment of the O( $$^3$$ P) + CH $$_3$$ OH Reaction". In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2016, 71–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42085-1_6.

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İlbaş, Mustafa, Zehra Gökalp Öztürk e Serhat Karyeyen. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Modelling of Hydrogen, Methane, Propane and Butane Combustions in a Spherical Model Combustor". In Progress in Exergy, Energy, and the Environment, 991–1000. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04681-5_94.

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Shen, Guofeng. "Introduction". In Emission Factors of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Residential Solid Fuel Combustions, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39762-2_1.

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Shen, Guofeng. "Research Background". In Emission Factors of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Residential Solid Fuel Combustions, 11–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39762-2_2.

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Shen, Guofeng. "Method". In Emission Factors of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Residential Solid Fuel Combustions, 45–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39762-2_3.

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Shen, Guofeng. "Carbonaceous Particulate Matter". In Emission Factors of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Residential Solid Fuel Combustions, 61–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39762-2_4.

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Shen, Guofeng. "Parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons". In Emission Factors of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Residential Solid Fuel Combustions, 85–137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39762-2_5.

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Shen, Guofeng. "Nitro- and Oxygenated PAHs". In Emission Factors of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Residential Solid Fuel Combustions, 139–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39762-2_6.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Combustions":

Wen, Bao, Jingfeng Tang, Qinchun Yang e Youyin Wang. "Isostatic temperature combustions for scramjets". In 20th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3599.

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WANG, T., R. FARMER e KEVIN TUCKER. "Turbulent hydrocarbon combustions kinetics - Stochastic modeling andverification". In 27th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-486.

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Tsurushima, Tadashi, Akira Harada, Yuki Iwashiro, Yoshiteru Enomoto, Yasuo Asaumi e Yuzo Aoyagi. "Thermodynamic Characteristics of Premixed Compression Ignition Combustions". In International Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1891.

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Corti, Enrico. "Missing Combustion Diagnosis: Distinguishing Between Misfire and Misfuel". In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine and Rail Transportation Divisions Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2003-0736.

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On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) regulations impose missing combustions detection within a wide portion of the engine operating range. Missing combustions can be caused either by ignition (misfire) or injection (misfuel) system failures. Missing combustions can damage the catalyst and cause abrupt pollutants increases (especially HC), but misfuels are not as detrimental as misfires, both from the emissions and the after treatment system life point of view. It would be important for the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) to be informed not only about the fault event, but also about its type, for the purpose of setting the right recovery strategy. The aim of this paper is to analyze missing combustion phenomena, in order to find out if a fault recognition strategy able to distinguish between misfire and misfuel can be setup. Different approaches can be found in the literature to diagnose missing combustions: many of them are based on the speed signal analysis, both in time and frequency domains, others use the knock accelerometer signal, or the exhaust manifold pressure information. A Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (UEGO) sensor can also be used. Usually diagnosis methodologies consist in observing signals perturbations subsequent to the malfunction event. Observable consequences of missing combustions are, for example, a sudden lack of indicated torque, causing vibrations and speed fluctuations, an increasing in exhaust gases Oxygen content, anomalous exhaust pressure ripples, etc. Many phenomena interact influencing in different ways the engine behavior, during and after the fault event: their effect can depend on the fault cause, thus helping the recognition. The first combustion taking place in the faulty cylinder after a misfire (post-misfiring cycle) usually leads to higher indicated pressure and torque levels if compared to standard values for the same operating conditions, while the same cannot be said for the post-misfueling combustion. On the other side, Air-Fuel Ratio (AFR) assumes different trends during the misfiring and post-misfiring cycles, with respect to misfueling and post-misfueling cycles. A 4 cylinders 1.2 liters spark ignition port injected engine, equipped with a programmable Electronic Control Unit (ECU) has been tested on the test bench, inducing both misfires and misfuels, over a wide engine operating range, while monitoring the engine faulty behavior. Misfire and misfuel-related phenomena have been analyzed showing their “signature” on indicated pressure and torque, engine speed and Air-Fuel Ratio measured signals, in order to define the most reliable recognition strategy.

Kaewbumrung, Mongkol, e Chalermpol Plengsa-ard. "Numerical study of wall heat transfer inside a combustion chamber under conventional diesel combustions and low temperature combustion conditions". In 2019 JSAE/SAE Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-2314.

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Rouzbar, Ramin, e Sinan Eyi. "Simulations of Ethylene and Hydrogen Combustions in Scramjet Combustor". In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3750.

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Arias, P. Luis, I. Sergio Torres, H. Daniel Sbárbaro, F. Oscar Farías, Niklaus Ursus Wetter e Jaime Frejlich. "An Array of Photodiodes for Monitoring Hydrocarbons Combustions Burners". In RIAO∕OPTILAS 2007: 6th Ibero-American Conference on Optics (RIAO); 9th Latin-American Meeting on Optics, Lasers and Applications (OPTILAS). AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2926828.

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Lloyd Spetz, A., C. Bur, M. Andersson, J. Huotari, J. Lappalainen e A. Schütze. "7.4.2 Chemical Sensor Systems for Emission control from Combustions". In 14th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors - IMCS 2012. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/imcs2012/7.4.2.

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Taglialatela-Scafati, Ferdinando, Nicola Cesario, Mario Lavorgna, Ezio Mancaruso e Bianca Maria Vaglieco. "Diagnosis and Control of Advanced Diesel Combustions using Engine Vibration Signal". In SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1414.

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Yang, Xiaojian, e Guoming G. Zhu. "SI and HCCI Combustion Mode Transition Control of a Multi-Cylinder HCCI Capable SI Engine via Iterative Learning". In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6020.

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Abstract (sommario):

The combustion mode transition between spark ignition (SI) and homogeneously charged compression ignition (HCCI) combustions of an internal combustion (IC) engine is challenging due to the distinct engine operational parameters over these two combustion modes and the cycle-to-cycle residue gas dynamics of the HCCI combustion. The control problem becomes even more complicated when multi-cylinder operation is involved. This paper studies the combustion mode transition problem of a multi-cylinder IC engine with dual-stage valve lifts and electrical variable valve timing systems. A control oriented engine model was used to develop a multistep mode transition control strategy via iterative learning for combustion mode transition between SI to HCCI with minimal engine torque fluctuations. The hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed control strategy for the combustion mode transition under both constant load and transient engine operational conditions.

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Combustions":

Beshouri e Huschenbett. PR-309-06201-R01 Pre-Production and Production Ion Sense Hardware and Cylinder Level Sensing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), maggio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010544.

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In 2001, the Compressor and Pump Station Technical Committee (CAPSTC) recognized the importance of cylinder level sensing and control to minimize NOx emissions while maintaining optimum engine performance, therefore, a CAPSTC member brought the concept of ion sense to the committee as an alternative to fiber optic pressure sensors for continuous combustion performance monitoring. Derived from automotive technology, ion sense utilizes post ignition ionization measurements from a standard spark plug to monitor the combustions process. Based on successful feasibility tests at Colorado State University�s (CSU) GMV-4, the commercialization team focused their efforts on developing a product for Open Combustion Chamber (OCC) Two Stroke Cycle (2SC) lean burn engines. By 2010, the commercialization team of Advanced Engine Technologies Corporation (AETC), Altronic, and Mecel developed commercial hardware and conducted extensive mapping and long term testing on three different 2SC OCC engines operated by three different companies.

Hedrick e Jacobs. PR-457-14201-R01 Variable Natural Gas - Composition Effects and Control Methods for Two-Stroke Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), giugno 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010027.

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Literature is reviewed for the impacts of variable natural gas composition on two-stroke lean burn pipeline compressor engines. Information gathered for these engines can be simplified for development of control algorithms in four-stroke and richer burning engines. Data shows that geospatial, geological, and transient hydraulic effects cause composition variations that adversely affect engine emissions, efficiency, rated performance, and operational safety considering auto-ignition effects. In order to compensate for these changes in composition, better engine control schemes can help meet desired performance goals. For specific gas compositions combusting at a fixed air-fuel ratio, the laminar flame speed, adiabatic flame temperature, and ignition delay relate to and allow the prediction of the mixture�s reactivity, thermal availability, and auto-ignition tendency. Predicting changes in these combustion parameters, as caused by changes in fuel composition, is essential to the success of control development for variable composition engine operation. In addition to addressing the associated combustion effects resulting from variable fuel composition, an overview of sensor technologies is presented for use in control applications.

Beshouri, Huschenbett e Bothwell. PR-360-08207-R01 Cylinder Level Sensing and Control on Typical Pipeline Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), febbraio 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010693.

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Further reductions in NOx emissions while maintaining optimum engine performance can only be obtained by improving engine combustion control at the cylinder level. This requires cylinder level sensors capable of continuously monitoring combustion performance in both the main combustion chamber (MCC) and the pre-combustion chamber (PCC) and electronically actuated valves that can respond to those measurements. Until recently, in-PCC combustion measurements on spark ignited engines were only possible in the laboratory using very expensive pressure sensors with extremely short lives. Ion Sense offers a non-intrusive, robust and cost effective method to monitor in-PCC combustion in the field on a continuous basis. Derived from automotive technology, ion sense utilizes post ignition ionization measurements from a standard spark plug. When measured from a spark plug mounted in a PCC Ion Sense provides a wealth of previously unavailable information on misfire, instability, flame initiation, early flame propagation, in PCC air/fuel ratio, etc. This work investigated the use of ion sense data collected in the PCC to monitor and control in PCC air/fuel ratio, main chamber air/fuel ratio and the timing of combustion events in both. This paper reports on the results of this testing as well as describing the optimization strategy developed which is applicable to the full range of pipeline engines.

Bothwell, Susan, John Millott e Jeff Chini. PR-309-14209-R01 Field Demo of Integrated Expert Level Continuous Performance Monitoring. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011513.

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Prior PRCI funded projects identified the ability of a continuous engine performance monitor (CEPM) to fulfill the likelihood of industry acceptance as a Performance Monitoring alternative to a Continuous Emission Monitoring System CEMS in future monitoring requirements for typical pipeline engines. This current project investigated an integrated and expert level monitoring system on a pipeline engine equipped with a CEPM system and assessed the ability of this expert system to detect ignition and combustion related problems. The system demonstrated the ability to detect combustion faults down to the level of individual pre-combustion chamber. It also demonstrated the potential to distinguish between spark ignition faults and pre-combustion chamber fueling problems.

Choquette. PR-000-15208-R01 Reciprocating Engine Speed Stability as a Measure of Combustion Stability. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), luglio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010404.

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Combustion stability is an important factor to maintain long engine life, achieve maximum engine efficiency, and help assure compliance with emission limits. Continuous combustion pressure monitoring is the best method to reliably detect combustion instabilities (misfires, late fires, auto-ignition, and detonation) but it is currently installed on a small portion of the reciprocating engines used in the natural gas transportation industry. This project evaluates the potential of using the engine speed to detect and warn equipment operators of the presence of combustion instabilities. The intent is to provide a low cost diagnostic monitoring method that can be readily retrofitted on the existing population of reciprocating engines used in the natural gas transportation industry.

Olsen e Fletcher. L52071 Literature Review Fuel-Air Mixing in Large Bore Natural Gas Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), marzo 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010949.

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Mixing is viewed as being problematic in many internal combustion engines, particularly large bore natural gas engines. In reviewing the literature an attempt is made to distinguish between the influences of mixing and turbulence, although for much of the published research the distinction is not made. Mixing is determined to have a major impact on engine efficiency, overall emissions, flame propagation, and cycle-to-cycle variations. The improvement of engine efficiency and overall emissions is concluded to be primarily due to the extension of the lean limit, a direct consequence of improved mixing. Test results from a study on propane combustion in a constant volume combustion chamber indicate that there is an optimum level of mixing for maximizing the flame propagation speed. In other words, the fastest flame speed occurs when there is some level of mixture heterogeneity, as opposed to a completely uniform mixture. A detailed literature review is carried out on air-fuel mixing in internal combustion engines, emphasizing application to direct injection large bore natural gas engines. The literature is separated into three broad categories, (1) the effects of mixing on engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics, (2) factors affecting mixing, and (3) mixing characterization.

Brunner, Huschenbett e Beshouri. PR-336-06206-R01 Engine Control for Legacy Engines - Cylinder and Cycle Level Control. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), maggio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010041.

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The reduction or even elimination of cylinder to cylinder combustion variation and cycle-to-cycle combustion instability may result in further nitrous oxides (NOx) reductions at the same engine average air/fuel ratio (and hence turbocharger operating point) or allow operation at a leaner air/fuel ratio before the onset of instability. Reductions in imbalance and instability can also reduce carbon pollutant emissions, reduce break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and improve engine operability. Achieving these goals requires a better understanding of the sources and impacts of that imbalance and instability and then the development techniques to reduce if not eliminate both. This effort focuses on combustion instability of legacy large bore pipeline reciprocating engines operating at very high air/fuel ratios to meet higher emission standards. The report provides a detailed cycle-to-cycle analysis of acquired pressure and ion current data of four test engines in-cluding Clark T-series family and Cooper Bessemer GMV/W engines. The possibility of upcom-ing misfire or poor combustion prediction is investigated and discussed. The document further investigates advanced cylinder balancing strategies as well as the benefits of improved pre-combustion chamber performance.

Simpson e Olsen. L52358 Experimental Evaluation of a New Prechamber Design on the GMV-4TF Natural Gas Engine. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010255.

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Choquette, Gary. PR-000-16209-Z01 Demonstration of Continuous Equipment Performance Monitoring. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), luglio 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011030.

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The Pipeline Research Council International has funded multiple projects focusing on using reciprocating engine operating data to diagnose combustion problems. This effort extends those techniques on reciprocating compressor units including the gas compressor, main bearings, and ancillary equipment (e. g., turbocharger, aftercooler, pumps). In addition, additional combustion monitoring techniques are described that can be implemented on most existing mainline compressor units used in the industry. Includes macro enabled spreadsheets that perform modeling fits for turbocharger and power cylinder exhaust temperatures.

A. Levasseur, S. Goodstine, J. Ruby, M. Nawaz, C. Senior, F. Robson, S. Lehman et al. Combustion 2000. US: United Technologies Corp, giugno 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/898342.

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