Tesi sul tema "Colza (Brassica napus L.)"
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Guerche, Philippe. "Transformation génétique du colza (Brassica napus L. )". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112134.
Testo completoTransgenic rapeseed plants have been obtained using two transformation procedure. The regeneration and caracterization of rapeseed plants derived from hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes are describe in the first part. The second part is devoted to the study of direct gene transfer by electroporation. This technique was optimized on tobacco protoplasts using a transient expression assay. The application of this technique to rapessed protoplasts made it possible to obtain transgenic rapeseed plants resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. Possible agronomy applications of this strategy of transformation to rapeseed improvement are considered
Guerche, Philippe. "Transformation génétique du colza, Brassica napus L". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376140414.
Testo completoNicolas, Stéphane. "Contrôle génétique de la recombinaison homéologue chez les hapoloïdes de Colza (Brassica Napus L. )". Rennes, Agrocampus, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006NSARH069.
Testo completoNatural biodiversity and beneficial chromosome rearrangements are an under exploited sustainable resource that can be used to enrich the genetic basis of cultivated plants. A lot is still to be done to make a more efficient use of these vast reservoirs of variation. This process is related to meiosis and recombination between related but divergent genomes. In this study, I have genotyped progenies of haploid x euploid B. Napus with molecular markers and analysed the rate and nature of chromosomal rearrangements originating at meiosis in two haploid genotype (n=19) that display very different meiotic behaviour at metaphase I. I show that a high number of chromosomal rearrangements occur during meiosis of B. Napus haploid and are transmitted by FDR-like unreduced gametes to their progeny ; most of these rearrangements are produced by crossing-overs that occur preferentially between regions of primary homeology (Muller), but may also take place between other duplicated regions showing intragenomic or intergenomic homology. I show that the two haloid genotypes display sharp differences of meiotic “homeologous” recombination and that the two genomes of B. Napus are differentially affected by rearrangements, which suggests that some rearrangements are counter-selected. Finally I show that the rate of chromosomal reshuffling varies within and among chromosomes
Garnier, Aurélie. "Dynamique et dispersion d'une espèce cultivée échappée des champs : le cas du colza". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112199.
Testo completoThis thesis identifies and quantifies some key-processes governing the escape of oilseed rape from crops, its persistence and expansion in uncultivated areas. First, elasticity analyses, performed with two models, show that persistence of seeds within seedbanks, immigration and long-distance dispersal determine the dynamic and dispersal of feral populations. Secondly, a statistical model provides demographical parameters of feral populations from the explicit likelihood of observed and unobserved stages, obtained from a three-year survey. It shows that immigration is stochastic and provides on average several hundreds and tens of seeds per meter of road verges, depending on its source type (adjacent mature crops or grain trucks). It also shows that only 5% of plants survive until maturity and produce 2 to 3 rosettes. Simulations performed with the above parameters show that feral populations can persist between 5 and 7 years, mainly via a seedbank and immigration. Third, complementary approaches estimate several seed dispersal modes. An experiment shows that seeds fallen on the ground can be re-entrained, probably by vehicles. The best-fitting estimates of a seed flow model, based on both spatial and genetic data and a likelihood-based method, show that half of feral plants originates from unknown seed sources while the other half originates from mature crops. The majority of seeds dispersed from mature crops are likely to remain in front of borders. Rare but large and persisting feral populations should be studied because they could have persistence and dispersal abilities higher than those found here and may therefore influence (trans-)gene flow
Lefort-Buson, Marianne. "Heterosis chez le colza oléagineux (Brassica napus L. ) : analyse génétique et prédiction". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112036.
Testo completoSzadkowski, Emmanuel. "Devenir des génomes et des gènes dans un contexte polyploïde : cas du colza (Brassica napus L.)". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSARC101.
Testo completoAllopolyploidy plays a key role in Angiosperm speciation and biodiversity. Allopolyploid species are good models to understand how genes and genome redundancy are managed at the confrontation of two genomes in resynthesized plants from known progenitors. Progenitors of oilseed rape (Brassica napus (AACC, 2n=38) are close to B. Rapa (AA, 2n=20) and B. Oleracea (CC, 2n=18). Homoeologous recombination (between parental genomes) is detected after some generations of resynthesized B. Napus, while gene expression is strongly modified as early as in F1 hybrids. This work focused on the magnitude of structural modifications at onset of polyploid formation and their consequences on homoeologous gene expression. Using cytogenetic approach, we studied the first meiosis of F1 hybrids (AC genome) and their derived S0 plants (AACC genome) obtained through somatic doubling or using its female unreduced gametes. Homoeologous recombination in their progrenies was studied by molecular approach, focusing on two highly syntenic homoeologous chromosomes (A1 and C1) to maximize homoeologous recombination probability. We finally studied gene expression in homoeologous regions on A1 and C1 where recombination occurred and modulates their copy number. We showed that the first meiosis of B. Napus blends genomes (Szadkowski et al. , 2010), in a magnitude that depend upon polyploid formation pathways and cytoplasm. These genetic rearrangements bias homoeologous gene expression even at heterozygous stage. My results provide new clues to understand genetic and gene expression instability in young polyploid species like B. Napus
Mimouni, Brahim. "Étude comparative des constituants polypeptidiques de la fraction globuline des graines de colza (Brassica napus L. ) et espèces parentales (Brassica oleracea L. Et Brassica campestris L. )". Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10514.
Testo completoGibot-Leclerc, Stéphanie. "Etude épidémiologique, écophysiologique et agronomique du couple Orobanche ramosa L. /Brassica napus L". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066133.
Testo completoGaudin, Zachary. "Place de l'azote dans l'interaction plante-plante parasite : Brassica napus L. Phelipanche ramosa (L. ) Pomel". Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=2e95d63f-dc3f-42be-b733-cc85c89532b5.
Testo completoThe broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa L. Pomel) strictly relies on nutrient uptake from phloem elements of its host plant. In France, its adaptation to winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ) results in a major agronomical problem in the most infested regions. Considering the current guidelines of significant reduction in nitrogen inputs and the importance of nitrogen nutrition on oilseed rape productivity, this work aims to demonstrate the role of nitrogen (and other associated minerals : sulfur and phosphore) in the installation and functioning of this plant - parasitic plant interaction. Thus, the beneficial effect of nitrogen fertilization on the production and/or exudation of a major germination stimulant of broomrape seeds, the 2-PEITC, in oilseed rape rhizosphere, as well as on the rapeseed sensibility to broomrape has been here demonstrated. The analysis of the global nitrogen fluxes (15N isotope tracing and amino acid profiling) clarified the impact of parasitism on the nitrogen remobilization and amino acid accumulation patterns in the different compartments of the interaction. Analysis of transfered compounds from the host toward the parasite and accumulated in it has underlined the importance of amino acids and particularly of Gln as long-distance nitrogen carrier, but has also highlighted the role of specific compounds of rapeseed, SMCSO and glucosinolates, in this interaction, and of Asn in nitrogen remobilisation into the parasite
Leitão, Inês Isabel Barata. "Exposição e acumulação de elementos potencialmente tóxicos em plantas de colza Brassica napus L". Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8231.
Testo completoThe main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects and the response to stress induced by potentially toxic elements, arsenic, cadmium and copper by salinity in rapeseed plants, aiming to realize the potential of rapeseed in phytoremediation. The physiological parameters like biomass and the percentage of dry matter of stems and leaves were evaluated. It was also evaluated the chlorophyll content by Hansatech method. Changes in biomass were more evident in terms of As and NaCl contamination. The chlorophyll content of plants exposed to Cu and Cd proved to be very low, a result that was revealed through plants with obvious signs of necrosis and chlorosis. The concentrations of MDA and H2O2 revealed a heterogeneous behavior, especially with the higher concentration of MDA rape plants with Cu and NaCl and the highest concentration of H2O2 in the NaCl experiment. The mineral content of the plant was different in the various experiments, particularly the absorption of iron was affected by the presence of the PTE. The concentrations of PTE and NaCl were determined at the level of substrate, stems, leaves and seeds.
DE, BOUILL PIERRE. "Etude hormonale du developpement reproducteur du colza (brassica napus, l. Var. Oleifera, cv. Bienvenu)". Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066062.
Testo completoCLOSSAIS-BESNARD, NELLY. "Aspects analytiques et physiologiques de l'accumulation des glucosinolates chez le colza (brassica napus l. )". Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10141.
Testo completoTITTONEL, ELSIE. "Evenements lies a l'evolution florale chez le colza brassica napus l. Var oleifera metzg". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066702.
Testo completoFOISSET, NATHALIE. "Elaboration d'une carte genetique du colza (brassica napus l. ) marquage de genes d'interet agronomique". Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10080.
Testo completoREVIRON, MARIE-PIERRE. "Caracterisation d'une proteine induite par la contrainte hydrique chez brassica napus var. Oleifera l. (colza)". Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066618.
Testo completoBailleul, Diane. "Dispersion des graines de colza (Brassica napus L.) et origines des populations férales dans un agroécosystème". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969034.
Testo completoTROTEL, AZIZ PATRICIA. "Contribution a l'etude du syndrome prolinique chez le colza (brassica napus l. ) : implication de l'acide abscissique". Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10136.
Testo completoBianchetti, Grégoire. "Impacts de stress biotique et abiotique sur l’acquisition de la qualité nutritionnelle et physiologique de la graine de colza (Brassica napus L.)". Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARB250.
Testo completoSeed quality acquisition is an environmental moduled process that is finely controlled by the expression of many interconnected molecular and metabolic actors. Current climate projections predict that crops will be exposed to an increase of multiple and combined environmental constraints, leading to complex and generally non-deductible impacts. A better knowledge of these impacts on seed development, still poorly studied, appears thus as a relevant lever to enhance environmental resilience of agricultural productions. This thesis work is part of this scientific theme and sought to answer the following question: what are the impacts of a combination of biotic and abiotic stress on the yield elaboration and seed quality acquisition of the rapeseed?To answer this question, two rapeseed genotypes were grown in a large experimental device and subjected to a combination of stresses that are major for this crop, the water deficit and clubroot, caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. Signature impacts of water deficit on plants and mature seed quality have been identified using physiological and metabolic data, as well as germination kinetics. Subsequently, RNAseq, metabolic and physiological data, were used for the characterization of the rapeseed transcritional developing seed gene transcrotions and quality acquisition. The correlations between these modulations and their agronomic perspectives are discussed
Fopa, Fomeju Berline. "Impact des duplications du génome du colza (Brassica napus L. ) sur l’organisation des régions génomiques impliquées dans la résistance quantitative à Leptosphaeria maculans". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSARC114.
Testo completoAll crop species are recent or ancient polyploids and have more or less duplicated genomes. Following polyploidy events, structural and functional modifications result in differential gene content or regulation in the duplicated regions, which can play a fundamental role in the diversification o the genes underlying complex traits. To better understand the functioning of the genetic factors controlling the agronomic traits, I is necessary to analyze them in the light of the duplications in the genome. We have addressed this issue in oilseed rape, a species with a highly duplicated genome, with the aim of studying the consequences of genome duplications on the structural and functional organization of the genomic regions involved in quantitative resistance to stem canker. Numerous genomic regions were identified, which confirmed the high polygenic nature of this resistance. Their distribution was quite equivalent between A and C genomes of oilseed rape but a bias was observed in relation with the subgenomes deriving from the ancestral triplication event of Brassica clad. A least 44 % of the genomic regions corresponded to homologous duplicated regions of five Arabidopsis thaliana syntetic blocks. A comparative genomic analysis with A. Thaliana showed that many genes maintained in several duplicated regions were involved in the stress response, which converges with the results obtained in other species. Comparative genomics also allowed us to draw hypotheses on the function of genes underlying the QTL located in these genomic regions
Malabat, Christophe. "Variabilité de la composition protéique de la graine de colza (Brassica napus L. ) : influence sur les propriétés émulsifiantes". Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2068.
Testo completoCentis, Sonia. "Transfert de fragments de genes d'un caulimovirus dans le colza (brassica napus l. ) : obtention de plantes transgeniques". Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30198.
Testo completoBONHOMME, SANDRINE. "Recherche du determinisme de la sterilite male cytoplasmique ogura dans des cybrides de colza (brassica napus, l. )". Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112127.
Testo completoBouchereau, Alain. "La sinapine : caracterisation analytique, genetique, et metabolique d'un facteur antinutritionnel des graines de colza (brassica napus l.)". Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10107.
Testo completoCentis, Sonia. "Transfert de fragments de gènes d'un caulimovirus dans le colza (Brassica napus L.) obtention de plantes transgéniques /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376125609.
Testo completoAlbert, Benjamin. "Signatures métaboliques associées au développement des tissus foliaires du colza (Brassica napus L. ) en situations combinées de carence en azote et en eau". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S052.
Testo completoWinter oilseed rape is a very nitrogen-fertilizer consuming crop and is characterized by low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). A high proportion of absorbed nitrogen remains immobilized in senescent leaves and is returned to the soil failing to contribute to seed production. Improving organic nitrogen remobilization from source leaves in the species is of primary interest to preserve yield performance in relation to sustainable production requirements at low level of nitrogen inputs and increased risk of exposure to water shortage the objective of this work was to investigate, in oilseed rape, the metabolic components likely to be involved in the reallocation process of carbon and nitrogen resources from vegetative tissues to growing organs. This was achieved by metabolite profiling of products from carbon and nitrogen primary metabolisms with the aim to assign the growing leaf tissue imprints according to their source or sink status and in relation to the levels of nitrogen nutrition and water supply under experimental conditions conducted in greenhouse and field. The results show that the composition and levels of metabolites (i. E. Carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids) differ markedly between leaf ranks and reflect the state of leaf development from emergence to senescence. A relationship is established between the metabolic profile of the tissue and its ability to import or export organic nitrogen. Situations of limited nitrogen fertilization and water supply exert a significant impact on productivity and contribute to typical metabolic adjustments. The metabolic, physiological and phenological effects of water stress during vegetative growth are clearly associated
Gombert, Julie. "Efficience d’utilisation de l’azote par le colza d’hiver (Brassica napus L. ) : effet de la fertilisation azotée et variabilité génotypique". Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2081.
Testo completoThe increasing importance of oilseed rape requires improving the nitrogen use efficiency of this crop as well as its environmental impact. Dynamics of nitrogen uptake, partitioning and remobilization were studied using a 15N labelling in 3 genotypes of field-grown winter oilseed rape, under 2 or 3 levels of nitrogen fertilization. Genotypic differences observed in these dynamics reflected different plant nitrogen economies leading, however, to a similar yield. Nitrogen remobilization from vegetative organs (mostly leaves and stems) to pods, always constituted the major part of pod nitrogen. The asynchrony between nitrogen remobilization and pod development could explain, in part, the reduction of nitrogen uptake during flowering and the high nitrogen content in fallen leaves. The study of several indicators (metabolic and molecular) of leaf senescence was monitored in vegetative oilseed rape. The expression patterns of SAG12 and Cab genes accurately revealed the spatial and temporal progression of leaf senescence during developmental and induced senescence. Improving the duration of leaf activity (late senescence or longer period of senescence) could increase the direct allocation of nitrogen to developing pods and thus, improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency of oilseed rape
Auger, Bathide. "Analyses biochimique et moléculaire du métabolisme des flavonoïdes dans la graine de colza (Brassica napus L. ) : vers l’élucidation des déterminants impliqués dans la pigmentation des téguments". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSARC096.
Testo completoProcyanidins (PCs) are seed coat specific flavonoids that confer brown pigmentation to the B. Napus seed but impair the qualities from both seed and derived meal. Thus, the yellow-seeded trait (low-PC content) in Brassica is associated with increased seed oil content and with improved meal quality (protein content and meal digestibility). However, development of yellow-seeded lines requires better knowledge of the seed flavonoid pathway in B. Napus. Therefore, the present work aimed to identify and characterize the biochemical and molecular key determinants involved in the PC biosynthetic pathway in B. Napus seeds. In a first step, the profiling of seed coat flavonoids was monitored during seed development in eight black-seeded B. Napus genotypes. Sixteen different flavonoids including (–)-epicatechin, PCs and flavonols were identified and quantified by LC-ESI-MS. High amounts of PCs accumulated into the inner integument, especially within the endothelium and in the micropylechalaza region. In parallel, a “candidate gene” approach was undertaken to clone the Brassica orthologs from seven TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) genes involved in seed flavonoid metabolism in A. Thaliana. Our results reported that oilseed rape TT genes (Bna. TT) belonged to small multigene families of 2 to 6 copies. The different paralogs were expressed in developing seeds following a spatio-temporal profile that was consistent with the PC accumulation pattern. In addition, phenotypic complementation was observed when Bna. TT genes were introduced into the corresponding Arabidopsis tt mutants. Finally, Bna. TT genes mapped to oilseed rape genomic regions that displayed collinearity with Arabidopsis counterparts and some of them displayed putative co-localisations with QTLs for seed pigmentation. In a last part, results from both metabolic and molecular analyses allowed identification of specific low-PC oilseed rape genotypes among lines with altered seed pigmentation. Future prospects will include the identification of mutations within Bna. TT genes through reverse genetic approach (TILLING) in order to establish a wider genetic diversity panel for low-PC trait. It will be also necessary to evaluate the impact of low-PC mutations on seed quality as well as on plant physiology
Bouchet, Anne-Sophie. "Architecture génétique du rendement et de ses composantes chez le colza d’hiver (Brassica napus L.) cultivé sous contrainte azotée". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S150/document.
Testo completoThe increase of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil production to answer the demand for human consumption and industrial applications requires the optimisation of seed yield in a context of reduction of inputs, including the nitrogen fertilization. Genetic approaches are a way to respond to this challenge. Indeed, determining the genomic regions (QTLs) and mechanisms controlling seed yield components under nitrogen limitation is a prerequisite for plant breeding programs. In this context, the scientific questions raised in this thesis are: i) what is the genetic architecture of seed yield components in rapeseed grown under limiting nitrogen condition? ii) how do the QTLs interact with the environment, and especially with the nitrogen stress?, and iii) how the combination of agronomic, genetic and genomic information can lead to the improvement of traits of interest in rapeseed? A strategy of QTL detection by linkage and linkage disequilibrium analyses was set up on two biparental populations and a winter oilseed rape diversity set. Those populations were trialled in seven location and six growing seasons (2009-2014) under low and sufficient nitrogen conditions. For each trial, seven seed yield-related traits were acquired. Few genotype × nitrogen condition interactions were detected and an important number of QTLs were common to the two nitrogen regimes. On the contrary, strong genotype × environment interactions were evidenced for most of the traits under study and the majority of the QTLs were location-specific. Ten critical genomic regions for yield associated traits stable through the environments and populations were identified and their structural organization in the rapeseed genome was investigated. The genetic control of oil content was then studied by combining the information from ten independent reports, the genomic information provided by the recent release of the B. napus genome and the haplotype variations among a winter oilseed rape population within one particular region identified on the A1 chromosome
BENSAOUD, ABDELKADER. "Reponses physiologiques et agronomiques du colza (brassica napus l. ) au deficit hydrique : screening de varietes resistantes a la secheresse". Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10118.
Testo completoGibon, Yves. "Syndrome prolinique osmodependant dans les disques foliaires de colza (brassica napus l) : un ajustement metabolique associe a la proteolyse". Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10170.
Testo completoWang, Xiujuan. "A Probabilistic Model of Flower Fertility and Factors Influencing Seed Production in Winter Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)". Phd thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635536.
Testo completoDalgalarrondo, Michèle. "Contribution à l'étude des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des protéines des graines de tournesol, Helianthus annuus L., et de colza, Brassica napus L". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596953k.
Testo completoBailez, Omar Eduardo. "Etude du comportement de butinage et des capacités de discrimination olfactive dans la relation abeille (Apis mellifera L. ) - colza (Brassica napus L. )". Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA132009.
Testo completoBelle, Rogerio. "Recherches sur l'origine de l'hétérogénéité du poids et des propriétés germinatives de graines de colza (brassica napus l. Var. Oleifera metzg)". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066384.
Testo completoBelle, Rogerio. "Recherches sur l'origine de l'hétérogénéité du poidset des propriétés germinatives de graines de colza, Brassica napus L. var. Oleifera Metzg". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37595885p.
Testo completoLeblanc, Antonin. "Apports des traitements pharmacologiques à l'étude des relations compensatoires structure-fonction (archotecture racinaire - absorption de nitrate) sur la croissance de plantules de colza d'hiveer (Brassica napus L, cv, Capitol) en condition faiblement transpirante". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2011.
Testo completoNowadays, one of the studies on the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is to improve the root uptake capacity of nitrogen. A pharmacological approach realized on oilseed rape seedlings grown in Petri dishes (low transpiring condition), allows to rapidly modulate (minutes-hours) the nitrate uptake with the supply of glutamate (inhibitor of BnNRT2. 1 transporter) and the root structure, by modifying the synthesis of ethylene using ACC (precursor of ethylene) and AIBA (ACC oxidase inhibitor). Our results clearly show that without BnNRT2. 1 transporter activity, water and nitrate flow is allocated for root and leaf growth, despite over-expression of BnNRT1. 1 transporter. According to the complementary location of these two transporters in mature root, our results suggest the existence of a functional coordination between BnNRT2. 1 and BnNRT1. 1 for nitrate transport. In addition, the change in ethylene synthesis shows a high correlation between both the root structure and function for nitrate uptake. Indeed, the ACC causes a decrease of the root system together with a decrease of the nitrate uoptake. On the contrary, the AIBA treatment induces a root proliferation in parallel with the increase of nitrate uptake. All of our results led to the development of an integrative physiological structure-function model more thorough than those provided by Clarkson et al. (2000) and Cramer et al. (2009). This model involves both the signaling updates in literature and in our studies on regulation of nitrate and water transport for growth. It also takes into account the complementary localization of BnNRT2. 1 and BnNRT1. 1 nitrate transporter in the mature root
Creach, Anne. "Biosynthèse de l'acide érucique dans la graine de colza (Brassica napus L. ) en cours de maturation : solubilisation et purification partielle de la 18:1-CoA élongase". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28282.
Testo completoThis work is part of a program for the valorization of erucic acid in developing rapeseeds (Brassica napus L. ). Indeed, erucic acid has many applications in oleochemical industries. Erucic acid biosynthesis by acyl-CoA elongases is studied, in vitro, using 6-to 8- old seeds. The best substrate for the elongation is the 18 : 1 -CoA. The 18 : 1 CoA elongase is an integral membrane enzyme, preferentially associated with the 15 000 g pellet. Our study shows that erucic acid synthesis involves successive additions of malonyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA and that the elongation products are released as very long- chain acyl -CoA thioesters. Triton X-100 was chosen for the solubilization of acyl -CoA elongases, using an optimal Triton X- 100/protein (w / w) ratio of 2. 5. Our work resulted in the partial purification of the 18 : 1 -CoA elongase, which presents an apparent molecular mass, in the presence of Triton X- 100, of 270 kDa. The electrophoretic analysis strongly suggests that the 18 : 1 -CoA elongase is a multienzyme complex constituted of least 3 proteins. The partially purified elongation system synthesizes essentially β-hydroxyacyl -CoAs (92 %). Nevertheless,, 8 % of the products are very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids, indicating that all of the proteins of the enzymatic complex are still associated and functional
Lardon, André. "Effets du gel sur la floraison du colza d'hiver (Brassica napus L. ) : sensibilité des organes reproducteurs, impact sur les rendements grainiers et recherche de marqueurs biochimiques de résistance". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10044.
Testo completoDesclos, Marie. "Modifications physiologique et protéomique associées à la remobilisation de l'azote foliaire au cours de la sénescence séquentielle chez le colza (Brassica napus L. )". Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2078.
Testo completoSenescence, the faster proteolysis, and the increase of duration as well as intensity of N recycling. Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape) is an important crop plant with low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) due to a weak remobilization of nitrogen (N) during leaf senescence. In order to characterize the key processes able to improve the NUE, the objectives were to identify the physiological, proteomics and molecular events implied in N remobilization during leaf senescence, and to determine whether low mineral N availability impact on these events. Young leaves of nitrate-deprived plants presented a delay of senescence concomitant with the accumulation of a trypsin inhibitor corresponding to BnD22 (Brassica napus Drought 22 kDa), a protein capable of binding chlorophylls. The dual function of BnD22 could be involved in the protection of younger tissues by maintaining protein integrity and photosynthesis capacity in response to abiotic stresses. The analysis of proteomics and physiological events associated with N remobilization and leaf senescence revealed the involvement of proteins acting in energy metabolism, plant stress response and proteolysis. A chloroplastidial protease FtsH, an aspartic protease, a proteaosome subunit and a cysteine protease SAG12 were successively induced during leaf senescence. The N starvation led to accelerate the onset of leaf senescence but did not affect the sequence of events. The weak level of residual N observed in fallen leaves of oilseed rape deprived in N was explained by the premature
Collas, Philippe. "Accumulation de proline et consommation respiratoire d'oxygene de disques foliaires de colza (brassica napus l. ) en reponse a des chocs osmotiques". Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10162.
Testo completoGauthier, Mathieu. "Etude et caractérisation des mécanismes de résistance de Brassica napus (colza, Brassicaceae) vis-à-vis de la plante parasite Phelipanche ramosa (L. ) Pomel (Orobanchaceae)". Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=eccc5cb9-1665-449d-ba79-cd8e9ba06f72.
Testo completoOver the past decade, Phelipanche ramosa, a weedy parasitic plant (broomrape), has been increasingly infesting winter oilseed rape fields in France. Elite lines have shown different responses in P. Ramosa infested fields, suggesting that genetic variability might be available for breeding programmes. Ten WOSR genotypes selected for their contrasting response in field experiments were analysed using hydroponic and greenhouse co-culture experiments to determine the components of resistance. While no total resistance was identified, some partial resistance mechanisms were observed : a low induction of P. Ramosa seed germination by host roots, a limitation of parasite attachments on root systems, and the induction of a delayed or even disturbed growth of tubercles, minimising and delaying parasite emergence from the soil. The possible induction of resistance mechanisms in oilseed rape by BTH, an elicitor of natural plant defences, was also studied in order to identify defence pathways induced in roots upon leaf treatment. The cDNA-AFLP expriment revealed that BTH signal applied on leaves did not induce a transcriptomic response in oilseed rape roots. However, BTH, directly applied on roots, induced the expression of PR1, a gene marker of the SA signalling pathway, and prevented P. Ramosa attachments. Similarly, another elicitor compound, the laminarin extracted from the algae Laminaria digitata, induced a reduction of broomrape attachments when applied by soil drench but not by leaf spray
Noquet, Carine. "Mise en réserve d'azote sous forme de protéines de réserve des organes végétatifs (VSP) chez medicago sativa L. Et brassica napus L. : principaux facteurs de régulation". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10126.
Testo completoPellan-Delourme, Régine. "Etude de deux systemes de sterilite male genocytoplasmique introduits chez le colza (brassica napus l. ) par croisements intergeneriques avec raphanus et diphotaxis". Rennes 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN10003.
Testo completoPellan-Delourme, Régine. "Etude de deux systèmes de stérilité mâle génocytoplasmique introduits chez le Colza (Brassica napus L.) par croisements intergénériques avec Raphanus et Diplotaxis". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600358h.
Testo completoQuillere, Isabelle. "Quelques aspects de la dynamique des réserves en relation avec la croissance chez le colza d'hiver, Brassica napus L. var. oleifera Metzg". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376005462.
Testo completoJannin, Laetitia. "Caractérisation des modifications physiologiques et métaboliques induites chez Brassica napus L. Par l’apport d’extraits algaux ou d’acides humiques : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2010.
Testo completoRapeseed is characterized by a low nitrogen use efficiency, thus requiring high N fertilization rate to maintain yield. Biostimulant application on this crop could improve its agroenvironmental balance. Seaweed extracts and humic acids are known for their beneficial effects on plant growth and yield. However, despite some physiological effects that have been already l described, only few studies focused on the action of these extracts on transcriptome expression to identify their metabolic targets. A screening procedure of 10 humic acids and 5 seaweed extracts was used to identify one humic acid (AH7) and one seaweed extract (AZAL5) which increased rapeseed growth weight and leaf chlorophyll content. A microarray comparison of treated and non-treated rapeseed transcriptome was associated with enzymatic activity analysis and q-PCR analysis of gene expressions. It revealed that humic acid and seaweed extract presents a global action on rapeseed metabolism (with more than 1000 genes differentially expressed). The effect of plant exposition to AH7 and AZAL5 occurred at short and long term, respectively, through a stimulation of nitrogen and sulphur metabolisms with for the latter an increase that was higher than the one expected from higher growth rate. These effects were associated with massive enhancement of chloroplast number per cell during the first 24 hours of rapeseed exposition to humic acid or seaweed extract. A general discussion of results is then presented before perspectives of this work
BARANGER, ALAIN. "Evaluation en conditions naturelles des risques de flux d'un transgene d'un colza (brassica napus l. ) resistant a un herbicide a une espece adventice (raphanus raphanistrum l. )". Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112316.
Testo completoMalagoli, Philippe. "Modélisation de l'absorption de l'azote nitrique, de son allocation et de sa remobilisation chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napus L. ) de la reprise de la végétation au stade maturité des graines". Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INAP0014.
Testo completoAbdallah, Maha. "Etude de l’allocation et de la mobilisation du soufre (S) chez le colza d’hiver (Brassica napus L. ) soumis à une oligotrophisation en S". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2069.
Testo completoOilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ) is supposed to be sensitive to S limitation which negatively affects growth. Nevertheless, as little studies clearly assessed the impact of short or long term mineral S limitation, we analyzed its effects on i) biomass production, ii) N and S uptake by , 15N and 34S labelling iii) relative gene expression of nitrate and sulphate transport systems, iv) N and S remobilization and v) leaf senescence dynamics during vegetative growth. The results showed that under short term S limitation and with sufficient initial S reserves, oilseed rape is able to maintain its growth according to the recycling of endogenous S reserves (mostly as sulphate) from old leaves while in the meantime, gene expression encoding sulphate tonoplastic transporters were up-regulated. S fluxes from uptake and S remobilization from leaves were mostly allocated to the roots. Only with both low initial S reserves and low mineral S availability (i. E. Long term S limitation), plant growth was reduced while one of the nitrate transporter gene expressions was steadily down-regulated and root nitrate uptake was also reduced. Moreover, leaf soluble proteins contents, total S, S recently taken up as 34S and sulphate contents in oldest leaves declined despite an up-regulation of the expression of genes encoding plasmalemmic or tonoplastic sulphate transporters. Compared to control plants, S limitation also delayed leaf senescence evaluated by molecular indicators and leaf protein degradation. Overall results demonstrated that the effect of S limitation should be estimated by taking into account plant initial S status, and particularly the sulphate content within the oldest leaves. Our results gave new perspectives for the improvement of Sulphur Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Use Efficiency, because of the tigh inter-connection between theses two metabolisms
Sorin, Elise. "Identification d’indicateurs de la nutrition soufrée chez le colza (Brassica napus L. ) : mécanismes physiologiques sous-jacents et validation en conditions de plein champ". Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2062.
Testo completoBecause of soil S oligotrophization and uncontrolled management of S fertilization, it is essential to optimize the S nutrition of crop plants to adjust S fertilizer inputs to the real needs of crops. Therefore, the main objective was to identify early and reliable indicators of S nutrition in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis of the S status in oilseed rape crop in order to finely tune S fertilization. The study of the precise kinetic physiological responses of oilseed rape to S deprivation under controlled conditions was used to identify two indicators of S nutrition: i) the ([Cl-]+[NO3-]+[PO43-]):[SO42-] ratio or remobilization indicator, simplified thereafter as the ([Cl]+[P]):[S] ratio revealed the osmotic compensation required by sulfate remobilization during the early phase of S deprivation and ii) the [Mo]:[S] ratio or uptake indicator, whose change, even earlier than the previous indicator, revealed the massive induction of genes expression encoding root transporters (BnaSultr1. 1 and BnaSultr1. 2) and leading to a rapid increase of molybdate uptake during S deprivation. These indicators have been validated under field conditions for the oilseed rape crop grown on an S oligotrophe plot receiving various levels of fertilization. The genericity of these indicators was validated under controlled conditions in wheat, corn, tomato, cauliflower, pea and Medicago truncatula. Overall, these results show that the combined use of these two indicators may allow early, reliable and specific diagnosis of the plant S status