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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Colonisation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 12 ottobre 2024

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1

Pham, Thu Trang, Thi Thanh Hien Pham, Tuan Dat Do e Thi Tra Giang Duong. "Prevalence of group B streptococcus colonisation and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital". Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, n. 7 (25 luglio 2023): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(7).08-11.

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Objectives: To determine the prevalence of maternal group B streptococcus (GBS) colonisation and pregnancy results of pregnant women at Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Materials and methods: Retrospective descriptive with 537 pregnant women delivered at the Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in 2021, GBS was detected based on culture, isolation, and identification of bacteria from the vagina-rectum samples at 36-37+6 weeks gestation. Results: The prevalence of maternal GBS colonisation was 18.1%. 87.5% of GBS colonisations were applied to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis during labour or ruptured membranes. Diabetes increased the risk of carrying GBS (OR=2.3, 95%CI: 1.17-4.34). Maternal GBS colonisation increased the risk of rupture of membranes (OR 3.09, 95%CI: 1.95-4.85) and antibiotic treatment of newborns (OR=3.39, 95%CI: 1.05-10.92). However, there was no increased risk for cesarean section or postpartum infection (p>0.05). Maternal GBS colonisation with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has not increased the risk for early neonatal (OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.06-5.44). Conclusion: The prevalence of maternal GBS colonisation was 18.1%. Pregnant women carrying GBS treated with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis did not increase the risk of maternal adverse pregnancy outcomes and early neonatal infection.

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2

Mihalcea, Ana-Raluca, Nathalie Garnier, Cécile Faure-Conter, Nicolas Rama, Cécile Renard, Sarah Benezech, Yves Bertrand, Christine Fuhrmann e Carine Domenech. "Alarming Upward Trend in Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in a Large Cohort of Immunocompromised Children: A Four-Year Comparative Study". Cancers 15, n. 3 (2 febbraio 2023): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030938.

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Documenting bacteremia at the onset of fever in immunosuppressed children is challenging; therefore, it leads to the early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We aimed to analyse the evolution of antibiotic resistance profiles of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) and gut colonisations in a large cohort of immunocompromised children carrying a central venous catheter, in comparison with a prior, similar study conducted in our centre from 2014 to 2017. A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2021, in a tertiary centre for paediatric immuno-haematology and oncology. Empirical antibiotic therapy was adapted to the immunosuppression risk group and prior bacterial colonisation. There was a mean of 6.9 BSI/1000 patient bed days. Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) associated BSI accounted for 35/273 (12.8%). The incidence of MDRB gum/gut colonisation and MDRB associated BSI increased annually and correlated with the level of immunosuppression (p = 0.024). One third (34.7%) of the BSI episodes were not associated with neutropenia. As compared to the previous study, an alarming emergence of MDRB responsible for gut colonisations and BSI in immunosuppressed children was reported over the last four years. The degree of immunosuppression directly correlates with the risk of having an MDRB gut colonisation or MDRB BSI.

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Francis, Florence, Raphael Enaud, Perrine Soret, Florian Lussac-Sorton, Marta Avalos-Fernandez, Stéphanie Bui, Michael Fayon, Rodolphe Thiébaut e Laurence Delhaes. "New Insights in Microbial Species Predicting Lung Function Decline in CF: Lessons from the MucoFong Project". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n. 16 (21 agosto 2021): 3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163725.

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Several predictive models have been proposed to understand the microbial risk factors associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) progression. Very few have integrated fungal airways colonisation, which is increasingly recognized as a key player regarding CF progression. To assess the association between the percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1) change and the fungi or bacteria identified in the sputum, 299 CF patients from the “MucoFong” project were included and followed-up with over two years. The relationship between the microorganisms identified in the sputum and ppFEV1 course of patients was longitudinally analysed. An adjusted linear mixed model analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of a transient or chronic bacterial and/or fungal colonisation at inclusion on the ppFEV1 change over a two-year period. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans were associated with a significant ppFEV1 decrease. No significant association was found with other fungal colonisations. In addition, the ppFEV1 outcome in our model was 11.26% lower in patients presenting with a transient colonisation with non-pneumoniae Streptococcus species compared to other patients. These results confirm recently published data and provide new insights into bacterial and fungal colonisation as key factors for the assessment of lung function decline in CF patients.

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Boureau, L. Hartmann, T. Karjalaine, H. "Models to Study Colonisation and Colonisation Resistance". Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 12, n. 2 (gennaio 2000): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08910600050216246.

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5

Boureau, H., L. Hartmann, T. Karjalainen, I. Rowland e M. H. F. Wilkinson. "Models to Study Colonisation and Colonisation Resistance". Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 12, n. 4 (20 dicembre 2000): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089106000750060503.

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6

Prudhomme, Claude. "Colonisation-Évangélisation". Histoire monde et cultures religieuses 5, n. 1 (2008): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/hmc.005.0177.

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7

Cawkwell, G. L. "Early Colonisation". Classical Quarterly 42, n. 2 (dicembre 1992): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800015937.

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It is commonly supposed that in the eighth century B.c. there was a ‘population explosion’ in Greece which moved the Greeks to send out colonies. A. J. Graham in the Cambridge Ancient History iii, 3 (1982) is typical: ‘The basic active cause of the colonizing movement was overpopulation’; ‘at the very time when the Archaic colonising movement began, in the second half of the eighth century, there was a marked increase in population in Greece’ (p. 157). The presumed connection between overpopulation and colonisation is not immediately obvious. The evidence for the population explosion is found in the increased number of burials in Attica and the Argolid, but Athens sent out no colony before the very end of the seventh century and Argos probably none at all, certainly none in this period. So special explanations have to be formulated for Athens' and Argos' lack of colonies while their postulated ‘population explosion’ is presumed for Greece as a whole and called in to explain the burst of colonising in the eighth century. The hypothesis is not used for seventh-century colonisation when the number of burials declines.

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8

Van Dooren, Thom. "Moving Birds in Hawai'i: Assisted Colonisation in a Colonised Land". Cultural Studies Review 25, n. 1 (25 settembre 2019): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/csr.v25i1.6392.

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In September 2011, a delicate cargo of 24 Nihoa Millerbirds was carefully loaded by conservationists onto a ship for a three-day voyage to Laysan Island in the remote Northwest Hawaiian Islands. The goal of this effort was to establish a second population of this endangered species, an “insurance population” in the face of the mounting pressures of climate change and potential new biotic arrivals. But the millerbird, or ulūlu in Hawaiian, is just one of the many avian species to become the subject of this kind of “assisted colonisation.” In Hawai'i, and around the world, recent years have seen a broad range of efforts to safeguard species by finding them homes in new places. Thinking through the ulūlu project, this article explores the challenges and possibilities of assisted colonisation in this colonised land. What does it mean to move birds in the context of the long, and ongoing, history of dispossession of the Kānaka Maoli, the Native Hawaiian people? How are distinct but entangled process of colonisation, of unworlding, at work in the lives of both people and birds? Ultimately, this article explores how these diverse colonisations might be understood and told responsibly in an era of escalating loss and extinction.

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CLUZET, V. C., J. S. GERBER, I. NACHAMKIN, S. E. COFFIN, M. F. DAVIS, K. G. JULIAN, T. E. ZAOUTIS et al. "Factors associated with persistent colonisation with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus". Epidemiology and Infection 145, n. 7 (21 febbraio 2017): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000012.

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SUMMARYWe conducted a prospective cohort study between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012 at five adult and paediatric academic medical centres to identify factors associated with persistent methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) colonisation. Adults and children presenting to ambulatory settings with a MRSA skin and soft tissue infection (i.e. index cases), along with household members, performed self-sampling for MRSA colonisation every 2 weeks for 6 months. Clearance of colonisation was defined as two consecutive negative sampling periods. Subjects without clearance by the end of the study were considered persistently colonised and compared with those who cleared colonisation. Of 243 index cases, 48 (19·8%) had persistent colonisation and 110 (45·3%) cleared colonisation without recurrence. Persistent colonisation was associated with white race (odds ratio (OR), 4·90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1·38–17·40), prior MRSA infection (OR 3·59; 95% CI 1·05–12·35), colonisation of multiple sites (OR 32·7; 95% CI 6·7–159·3). Conversely, subjects with persistent colonisation were less likely to have been treated with clindamycin (OR 0·28; 95% CI 0·08–0·99). Colonisation at multiple sites is a risk factor for persistent colonisation and may require more targeted decolonisation efforts. The specific effect of clindamycin on MRSA colonisation needs to be elucidated.

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10

Corthier, M. C. Barc, P. Nguyen Van, G. "Effect of Dietary Factors on Colonisation Resistance and Colonisation". Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 12, n. 2 (gennaio 2000): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089106000435590-1.

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Corthier, G., M. C. Barc e P. Nguyen Van. "Effect of Dietary Factors on Colonisation Resistance and Colonisation". Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 12, n. 4 (20 dicembre 2000): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/089106000750060297.

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12

Taraud, Christelle. "Genre, sexualité et colonisation. La colonisation française au Maghreb". Sextant, n. 25 (21 maggio 2008): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/sextant.3935.

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Ruse, Les. "Colonisation of gravel lakes by Chironomidae". Fundamental and Applied Limnology 153, n. 3 (27 febbraio 2002): 391–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/153/2002/391.

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14

Morissonneau, Christian. "La colonisation équivoque". Articles 19, n. 1 (12 aprile 2005): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/055772ar.

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Cet article cherche à retrouver les significations des mouvements de colonisation québécois au XIXe siècle. Les interprétations semblent rendre univoque ce phénomène aux multiples aspects. L'article ne retient pas les seules finalités agricoles et forestières. Les conduites des colons et le discours d'un leader colonisateur sont examinés. Le colon n'est pas tant vu comme agriculteur ou bûcheron que comme participant d'une tradition de mobilité (coureur de bois, voyageur, forestier, colon), c'est-à-dire du nomadisme québécois (dichotomie colon/habitant ou forêt/terre). La logique interne du mouvement est analysée à travers les idées de l'abbé Provost (1860-1880) sur l'ouverture de la Mattawinie (nord de Joliette, dans les Laurentides). On y trouve un plan d'occupation du territoire et de développement économique qui permet de critiquer l'étiquetage « agriculturiste » des leaders de la colonisation. Trois composantes principales se dégagent de ces idées : une stratégie géopolitique, un projet religieux, un développement économique par étapes.

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15

Senior, Tim. "Class and colonisation". British Journal of General Practice 69, n. 685 (25 luglio 2019): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x704909.

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16

Iteanu, Olivier. "La colonisation digitale". Constructif N° 58, n. 1 (4 giugno 2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/const.058.0018.

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17

Robertson, Claire, Yvonne Knibiehler, Régine Goutalier e Regine Goutalier. "Femmes et colonisation". Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 22, n. 3 (1988): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485965.

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Rail, Geneviève, e Mélisse Lafrance. "Émancipation ou colonisation ?" Articles 17, n. 1 (29 ottobre 2004): 173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009300ar.

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Résumé À partir des Études culturelles féministes et postmodernistes, nous procédons à l’analyse de messages publicitaires réalisés par la compagnie Nike. Nous avançons que la « colonisation » du corps féminin faite par cette compagnie a nourri le sentiment postféministe dans l’imaginaire nord-américain. Nous illustrons la façon dont Nike a envahi l’univers sémiotique et social tout en misant sur des stratégies mondialistes qui permettent l’exploitation de femmes en Asie. Nous concluons en expliquant comment Nike en est arrivée à se positionner en tant que productrice non seulement de chaussures, mais aussi de discours sur la normalité et la vérité.

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Zorn, Jean-François. "Émancipation et colonisation". Autres Temps. Les cahiers du christianisme social 25, n. 1 (1990): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/chris.1990.2555.

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Delamard, Julie. "Colonisation et histoire". Hypothèses 10, n. 1 (2007): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/hyp.061.0243.

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21

Ballantyne, Tony. "Mobility, Empire, Colonisation". History Australia 11, n. 2 (gennaio 2014): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2014.11668514.

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22

Engerman, Stanley L., e Kenneth L. Sokoloff. "Colonisation and Development". Economic History of Developing Regions 27, sup1 (giugno 2012): S28—S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2012.658660.

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23

Geddes, D. M. "Infection v. colonisation". Intensive Care Medicine 16, S3 (marzo 1990): S201—S205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01709701.

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Wihtol de Wenden, Catherine. "Colonisation et migrations". Après-demain N ° 67, NF, n. 3 (5 ottobre 2023): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/apdem.067.0032.

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Les études postcoloniales tendent à mettre l’accent sur l’importance du lien entre colonisation et flux migratoires. Il faut cependant relativiser ce lien, des diasporas puissantes ne provenant pas nécessairement d’anciennes colonies des pays d’accueil. De plus, si la pluralité des formes institutionnelles du passé colonial et de la gestion de ses populations conserve un impact sur le traitement des populations dites postcoloniales, d’autres phénomènes pèsent sur l’imaginaire et sur le regard porté sur les migrations.

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Lewis, Joseph M., Rebecca Lester, Paul Garner e Nicholas A. Feasey. "Gut mucosal colonisation with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Wellcome Open Research 4 (23 ottobre 2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15514.1.

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Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) threaten human health; and, in areas of sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) where carbapenems are not available, may render ESBL-E infections untreatable. Gut mucosal colonisation probably occurs before infection, making prevention of colonisation an attractive target for intervention, but the epidemiology of ESBL-E in sSA is poorly described. Objectives: Describe ESBL-E colonisation prevalence in sSA and risk factors associated with colonisation. Methods: Studies included were prospective cross-sectional or cohort studies reporting gut mucosal ESBL-E colonisation in any population in sSA. We searched PubMed and Scopus on 18 December 2018. We summarise the range of prevalence across sites and tabulated risk factors for colonisation. The protocol was registered (Prospero ID CRD42019123559). Results: From 2975 abstracts we identified 32 studies including a total of 8619 participants from a range of countries and settings. Six studies were longitudinal; no longitudinal studies followed patients beyond hospital discharge. Prevalence varied between 5 and 84% with a median of 31%, with a relationship to setting: pooled ESBL-E colonisation in community studies was 18% (95% CI 12 to 28, 12 studies); in studies recruiting people at admission to hospital colonisation was 32% (95% CI 24 to 41% 8 studies); and for inpatients, colonisation was 55% (95% CI 49 to 60%, 7 studies). Antimicrobial use was associated with increased risk of ESBL-E colonisation, and protected water sources or water treatment by boiling may reduce risk. Conclusions: ESBL-E colonisation is common in sSA, but how people become carriers and why is not well understood. To inform the design of interventions to interrupt transmission in this setting requires longitudinal, community studies.

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Lewis, Joseph M., Rebecca Lester, Paul Garner e Nicholas A. Feasey. "Gut mucosal colonisation with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Wellcome Open Research 4 (24 gennaio 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15514.2.

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Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) threaten human health; and, in areas of sub-Saharan Africa (sSA) where carbapenems are not available, may render ESBL-E infections untreatable. Gut mucosal colonisation probably occurs before infection, making prevention of colonisation an attractive target for intervention, but the epidemiology of ESBL-E in sSA is poorly described. Objectives: Describe ESBL-E colonisation prevalence in sSA and risk factors associated with colonisation. Methods: Studies included were prospective cross-sectional or cohort studies reporting gut mucosal ESBL-E colonisation in any population in sSA. We searched PubMed and Scopus on 18 December 2018. We summarise the range of prevalence across sites and tabulated risk factors for colonisation. The protocol was registered (Prospero ID CRD42019123559). Results: From 2975 abstracts we identified 32 studies including a total of 8619 participants from a range of countries and settings. Six studies were longitudinal; no longitudinal studies followed patients beyond hospital discharge. Prevalence varied between 5 and 84% with a median of 31%, with a relationship to setting: pooled ESBL-E colonisation in community studies was 18% (95% CI 12 to 28, 12 studies); in studies recruiting people at admission to hospital colonisation was 32% (95% CI 24 to 41% 8 studies); and for inpatients, colonisation was 55% (95% CI 49 to 60%, 7 studies). Antimicrobial use was associated with increased risk of ESBL-E colonisation, and protected water sources or water treatment by boiling may reduce risk. Conclusions: ESBL-E colonisation is common in sSA, but how people become carriers and why is not well understood. To inform the design of interventions to interrupt transmission in this setting requires longitudinal, community studies.

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Morissonneau, Christian, e Maurice Asselin. "La colonisation au Québec : une décolonisation manquée". Cahiers de géographie du Québec 24, n. 61 (12 aprile 2005): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021465ar.

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Les mouvements de colonisation au Québec (l'ouverture des fronts pionniers) ont été décrits avec des objectifs agricoles. Pourtant, l'ouverture des régions du Nord, entre autres, signifie d'abord une politique d'élargissement du territoire national (une géopolitique) comme réaction au contexte global interne et externe du pays. La colonisation, entendue comme occupation et développement des régions « neuves », est une décolonisation manquée : l'appropriation de l'espace s'est faite symboliquement et non matériellement (l'exemple de l'Église et de la Mine). La colonisation au Québec a été en fait la colonisation anglo-saxonne du territoire québécois en agrandissement. Le mythe construit comme signification de la colonisation nordique (le mythe du Nord) est le mythe fondateur de l'État-Nation québécois.

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Mols, Kirsty L., Gry B. Boe-Hansen, Deirdre Mikkelsen, Wayne L. Bryden e A. Judy Cawdell-Smith. "Prenatal establishment of the foal gut microbiota: a critique of the in utero colonisation hypothesis". Animal Production Science 60, n. 18 (2020): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20010.

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Bacteria colonisation of the foal’s gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a critical developmental stage, effecting subsequent immunological and health outcomes. It has long been thought that the equine fetus develops in a sterile intrauterine environment and GIT colonisation commences at birth. Research now suggests that bacteria isolated from amniotic fluid are the initial colonisers of the fetal GIT, and exposure to the dam’s microbiota and the external environment during birth provide supplementary colonisation. This in utero colonisation hypothesis has only recently been examined in the horse and microbiota were detected in the amniotic fluid and meconium of healthy equine pregnancies. This review highlights the possible colonisation routes of these bacteria into the fetal compartments and examines their likely origins from the existing maternal microbiome. However, the current data describing the amniotic microbiota of the horse are limited and there is a need for research to fill this gap. Understanding the significance of intrauterine microbes for foal GIT colonisation may provide strategies to improve neonatal health.

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Indra Darmawan, Ruly. "EXPLORING THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF INTERNAL COLONIZATION AND MIMICRY IN GEORGE ORWELL’S ANIMAL FARM: A POST-COLONIAL ANALYSIS". Celtic : A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics 10, n. 2 (27 dicembre 2023): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/celtic.v10i2.29004.

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In Animal Farm, George Orwell introduces mimicry and internal colonisation. Mimicry, a basic notion in human imitation, is used to study Napoleon and his porcine companions. Homi K. Bhabha's ambivalence and “same but not quite” theory examines mimicry. The pigs' behaviour is explained by these post-colonial theories. This study also shows how internal colonisation underlies narrative mimicry. This study claims that the story's copying indicates colonization's lasting effects and is a strategy for internal colonisation. Old Major's clear speech inspires Animal Farm residents to imitate humans, making them feel inadequate. This study reveals how internal or external colonisation divides colonised people. In this approach, people may adopt the conquering entity's cultural norms and values as superior. Another group may be indigenous. Internal colonisation by another party or associated group could result through imitation rivalry. This level requires imitation to demonstrate power. Animal Farm exemplifies colonised people imitating colonisers. This detailed analysis of Animal Farm by George Orwell shows how imitation and internal colonisation are interconnected.

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Beech, Augusta, Simon Lea, Jian Li, Natalie Jackson, Alex Mulvanny e Dave Singh. "Airway Bacteria Quantification Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Combined with Neutrophil and Eosinophil Counts Identifies Distinct COPD Endotypes". Biomedicines 9, n. 10 (27 settembre 2021): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101337.

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) inflammatory endotypes are associated with different airway microbiomes. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of sputum samples to establish the bacterial load upper limit in healthy controls; these values determined the bacterial colonisation prevalence in a longitudinal COPD cohort. Bacteriology combined with sputum inflammatory cells counts were used to investigate COPD endotypes. Methods: Sixty COPD patients and 15 healthy non-smoking controls were recruited. Sputum was analysed by qPCR (for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Psuedomonas aeruginosa) and sputum differential cell counts at baseline and 6 months. Results: At baseline and 6 months, 23.1% and 25.6% of COPD patients were colonised with H. influenzae, while colonisation with other bacterial species was less common, e.g., S. pneumoniae—1.9% and 5.1%, respectively. H. influenzae + ve patients had higher neutrophil counts at baseline (90.1% vs. 67.3%, p < 0.01), with similar results at 6 months. COPD patients with sputum eosinophil counts ≥3% at ≥1 visit rarely showed bacterial colonisation. Conclusions: The prevalence of H. influenzae colonisation was approximately 25%, with low colonisation for other bacterial species. H. influenzae colonisation was associated with sputum neutrophilia, while eosinophilic inflammation and H. influenzae colonisation rarely coexisted.

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Portell, Xavier, Carol Verheecke-Vaessen, Rosa Torrelles-Ràfales, Angel Medina, Wilfred Otten, Naresh Magan e Esther García-Cela. "Three-Dimensional Study of F. graminearum Colonisation of Stored Wheat: Post-Harvest Growth Patterns, Dry Matter Losses and Mycotoxin Contamination". Microorganisms 8, n. 8 (1 agosto 2020): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081170.

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Abstract (sommario):

Fusarium causes significant post-harvest quality losses and mycotoxin contamination in stored wheat but the colonisation dynamics of the grain and how this may be affected by the initial inoculum position in the grain mass is poorly understood. This study examined the 3D growth kinetics and mycotoxin production (deoxynivalenol and zearalenone) by F. graminearum during hyphal colonisation from different initial inoculum positions in wheat microcosms (top-centre, bottom-centre, and bottom-side) maintained at two water activities (aw; 0.95 and 0.97). Clear jars were used to visually follow the colonisation dynamics. Fungal respiration and associated dry matter loss (DML) and ergosterol were also quantified. Colonisation dynamics was shown to be affected by the inoculation position. At the end of the colonisation process, fungal respiration and DML were driven by the inoculation position, and the latter also by the prevailing aw. Fungal biomass (ergosterol) was mainly affected by the aw. The initial inoculum position did not affect the relative mycotoxin production. There was a positive correlation between respiration and ergosterol, and between mycotoxin production and colonisation indicators. We suggest that spatially explicit predictive models can be used to better understand the colonisation patterns and mycotoxin contamination of stored cereal commodities and to aid more effective post-harvest management.

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Suárez-Urquiza, Pedro, Javier Pemán, Monica Gordon, Patricio Favier, Paula Muñoz-Brell, Jose Luis López-Hontangas e Alba Ruiz-Gaitán. "Predicting Fungemia in the ICU: Unveiling the Value of Weekly Fungal Surveillance and Yeast Colonisation Monitoring". Journal of Fungi 10, n. 10 (27 settembre 2024): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10100674.

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Abstract (sommario):

Fungemia remains a major threat in intensive care units (ICUs), with high mortality rates despite advances in diagnostics and treatment. Colonisation by yeasts is an independent risk factor for fungemia; however, its predictive utility requires further research. In this 8-year study, we analysed 38,017 samples from 3206 patients and 171 fungemia episodes as part of a weekly fungal surveillance programme. We evaluated species-specific colonisation patterns, the predictive value of the Colonisation Index (CI) and Corrected Colonisation Index (CCI), and candidemia risks associated with different yeast species and anatomical site colonisation. Our results showed that C. auris, N. glabratus, and C. parapsilosis colonisation increased with longer hospital stays (0.8% to 11.55%, 8.13% to 16.8%, and 1.93% to 5.14%, respectively). The CI and CCI had low discriminatory power (AUROC 67% and 66%). Colonisation by any yeast genera demonstrated high sensitivity (98.32%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (95.90%) but low specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) (23.90% and 6.64%). Tracheal and urine cultures had the highest PPV (15.64% and 12.91%), while inguinal cultures had the highest NPV (98.60%). C. auris (12.32%) and C. parapsilosis (5.5%) were associated with a higher fungemia risk (log-rank < 0.001). These findings support the use of weekly surveillance to better stratify the fungemia risk and optimise antifungal use in ICUs.

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Kandula, K. D. R., E. E. Jones, A. Stewart e I. J. Horner. "Colonisation of apple roots by arbuscular mycorrhiza in specific apple replant disease affected soil". New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (1 agosto 2006): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4428.

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Abstract (sommario):

In New Zealand specific apple replant disease (SARD) causes retarded tree growth and poor establishment in replanted apple orchards In two pot experiments arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) colonisation of apple roots in different SARD treated soils was assessed In the first experiment AM colonisation was significantly lower in SARD soil compared with nonSARD soil In this experiment 456 of roots were AM colonised at planting and AM colonisation was increased in both soil types following chloropicrin fumigation or fungicide application The second experiment used only SARD soil and at planting only 03 of roots were colonised with AM AM colonisation was significantly greater in two commercial Trichoderma treatments (pellet and powder formulations) than untreated control uninoculated blank pellets and chemical nutrient treatments AM colonisation in fumigated soil was very low and remained similar to the initial root stock material

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34

Scanlon, Elizabeth. "Wound infection and colonisation". Nursing Standard 19, n. 24 (23 febbraio 2005): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.19.24.57.s57.

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35

Claval, Paul. "La colonisation de l’Irlande". Géographie et cultures, n. 62 (1 luglio 2007): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.2410.

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36

Scanlon, Elizabeth. "Wound infection and colonisation". Nursing Standard 19, n. 24 (23 febbraio 2005): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2005.02.19.24.57.c3812.

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37

Lantheaume, Françoise. "Manuels d’histoire et colonisation". Lidil, n. 35 (1 giugno 2007): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lidil.2283.

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38

Vidal, Dominique. "Israël : colonisation, brutalisation, radicalisation". Confluences Méditerranée N° 100, n. 1 (2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/come.100.0041.

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39

Margolin, Jean-Louis, Pierre Brocheux, Daniel Hemery e Philippe Franchini. "Indochine: la colonisation ambigue". Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, n. 49 (gennaio 1996): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3770534.

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40

Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine. "Femmes africaines, colonisation, développement". Diplômées 175, n. 1 (1995): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/femdi.1995.7175.

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41

Bashkirov, Mikhail. "Colonisation, acculturation et métissage". Anthropologie et Sociétés 38, n. 2 (21 luglio 2014): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1026171ar.

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Abstract (sommario):

Cet article présente l’histoire et l’émergence des communautés métissées de la Iakoutie du XVIIe au XIXe siècle. Dès l’époque des premiers contacts au XVIIe, les Iakoutes, une population autochtone de la Sibérie, ont subi l’influence économique, sociale et politique des colonisateurs russes. Le métissage entre les Russes et les populations locales a permis l’émergence de communautés métissées dont la culture est distincte de leurs ascendants russes et autochtones. Le processus d’adaptation aux différentes conditions géographiques et naturelles des groupes d’immigrants russes a défini la ligne de développement de ces communautés en Iakoutie. Chaque communauté avait un caractère unique et une identité locale. L’histoire des villages de Amga-Sloboda, Russkoye Ustye et Pokhodsk peut illustrer cette tendance. En général, la population de ces villages porte le nom de russkie starozhilu (« vieux colons russes »), mais en même temps chacune de ces communautés a transformé des éléments de sa culture russe et iakoute et se distingue fortement des autres communautés voisines.

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42

Calvet, Louis-Jean. "2. Métissage et colonisation". Vibrations 1, n. 1 (1985): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vibra.1985.849.

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43

Adélaïde-Merlande, Jacques. "Faune, flore et colonisation". Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe, n. 158 (2011): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036829ar.

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44

Kukletová, I., e P. Buchta. "Façade biological colonisation assessment". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 379 (giugno 2018): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/379/1/012035.

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45

Curthoys, Ann. "Family Violence and Colonisation". Australian Historical Studies 51, n. 2 (2 aprile 2020): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2020.1733033.

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46

Ndiaye, El Hadji Malick. "Musée, colonisation, et restitution". African Arts 52, n. 3 (settembre 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar_a_00473.

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47

Severo, L. C. "Actinomycotic intracavity lung colonisation." Thorax 51, n. 11 (1 novembre 1996): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.51.11.1168-b.

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48

Lehtinen, Sonja. "Co-colonisation and coexistence". Nature Ecology & Evolution 3, n. 3 (11 febbraio 2019): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0801-x.

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49

Trivedi, Kaushali, Christoph M. Tang e Rachel M. Exley. "Mechanisms of meningococcal colonisation". Trends in Microbiology 19, n. 9 (settembre 2011): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2011.06.006.

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50

Drugeon, Henri B. "La colonisation par SARM". médecine/sciences 24 (agosto 2008): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2008243s18.

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